{ "count": 35, "next": null, "previous": null, "results": [ { "id": 31392, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31392/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2026-04-20T18:59:59-04:00", "title": "Antarctic Ozone Hole Maximum Area, 1979-2025", "description": "Visualization of Antarctic ozone on the day each year when the ozone hole was at its largest size.", "hits": 753 }, { "id": 14923, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14923/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2025-11-24T13:00:00-05:00", "title": "2025 Ozone Hole Update", "description": "This year, the ozone hole over Antarctica reached its annual maximum extent on September 9th, 2025, with an area of 8.83 million square miles (22.86 million square kilometers.) The average size of the ozone hole between September 7 and October 13 this year was the 5th-smallest since 1992— when the Montreal Protocol began to take effect. || ", "hits": 611 }, { "id": 14711, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14711/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2024-10-30T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "2024 Ozone Hole Update", "description": "This year, the ozone hole over Antarctica reached its annual maximum extent on September 28th, 2024, with an area of 8.5 million square miles (22.4 square million kilometers.) The hole, which is actually a region of depleted ozone, was the 20th smallest since scientists began recording the ozone hole in 1979. The average size of the ozone hole between September 7 and October 13 this year was the 7th-smallest since the Montreal Protocol began to take effect. || ", "hits": 170 }, { "id": 31320, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31320/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2024-10-30T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Antarctic Ozone Hole Maximum, 1979-2024", "description": "Here, the globes show ozone data on the day that the minimum ozone concentration was reached over Antarctica, each year from 1979 and 2024. || annual_minimum_ozone_hole_area_yesColorbar_1080pa.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [115.6 KB] || annual_minimum_ozone_hole_area_yesColorbar_1080pa.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [54.4 KB] || annual_minimum_ozone_hole_area_yesColorbar_1080pa.00001_thm.png (80x40) [5.0 KB] || annual_minimum_ozone_hole_area_yesColorbar_1080pa.mp4 (1920x1080) [82.2 MB] || annual_minimum_ozone_hole_area_yesColorbar_1080pa.webm (1920x1080) [7.6 MB] || annual_minimum_ozone_hole_area_yesColorbar_4ka.mp4 (3840x2160) [228.9 MB] || antarctic-ozone-hole-maximum-1979-2024-4k-movie.hwshow [361 bytes] || antarctic-ozone-hole-maximum-1979-2024-1080p-movie.hwshow [370 bytes] || ", "hits": 382 }, { "id": 14449, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14449/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2023-11-01T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "2023 Ozone Hole Update", "description": "The 2023 Antarctic ozone hole reached its maximum size at 10 million square miles, or 26 million square kilometers, on Sept. 21, which ranks as the 16th largest since 1979, according to annual satellite and balloon-based measurements made by NASA and NOAA. During the peak of the ozone depletion season from Sept. 7 to Oct. 13, the hole averaged 8.9 million square miles (23.1 million square kilometers), approximately the size of North America || ", "hits": 103 }, { "id": 31253, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31253/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2023-10-18T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ozone Minimum Concentrations, 1979-2023", "description": "Here, the globes show ozone data on the day that the minimum ozone concentration was reached over Antarctica, each year from 1979 and 2023. || annual_ozone_min_v2_4k.00001_print.jpg (1024x574) [109.7 KB] || annual_ozone_min_v2_4k.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [52.9 KB] || annual_ozone_min_v2_4k.00001_thm.png (80x40) [5.0 KB] || annual_ozone_min_v2_1080p30_2.mp4 (1920x1080) [7.5 MB] || annual_ozone_min_v2_1080p30_2.webm (1920x1080) [5.2 MB] || annual_ozone_min_v2 (4104x2304) [128.0 KB] || annual_ozone_min_v2_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [18.2 MB] || ", "hits": 187 }, { "id": 31237, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31237/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2023-07-26T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ozonewatch 2022", "description": "Plots showing the size of the ozone hole between 1979 and 2022. || 2022-ozone-all-elements_print.jpg (1024x576) [89.7 KB] || 2022-ozone-all-elements.png (3840x2160) [1.2 MB] || 2022-ozone-all-elements_searchweb.png (320x180) [37.1 KB] || 2022-ozone-all-elements_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || 2022-ozone-all-elements.hwshow [77 bytes] || ", "hits": 40 }, { "id": 31203, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31203/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2022-10-28T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ozone Minimum Concentrations, 1979-2022", "description": "Here, the globes show ozone data on the day that the minimum ozone concentration was reached over Antarctica, each year from 1979 and 2022. || annual_ozone_min_v2_00000_print.jpg (1024x574) [107.9 KB] || annual_ozone_min_v2_00000_searchweb.png (320x180) [50.6 KB] || annual_ozone_min_v2_00000_thm.png (80x40) [5.0 KB] || annual_ozone_min_v2_1080p30_3.mp4 (1920x1080) [7.1 MB] || annual_ozone_min_v2_1080p30_3.webm (1920x1080) [4.7 MB] || annual_ozone_min_v2_2160p30_3.mp4 (3840x2160) [17.4 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p (4104x2304) [128.0 KB] || ", "hits": 193 }, { "id": 14037, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14037/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2021-12-01T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Ozone 101: What Is the Ozone Hole?", "description": "Ozone 101 is the first in a series of explainer videos outlining the fundamentals of popular Earth science topics. Let’s back up to the basics and understand what caused the Ozone Hole, its effects on the planet, and what scientists predict will happen in future decades. || ", "hits": 128 }, { "id": 13807, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13807/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2021-02-17T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "NASA Helps Identify Uptick in Emissions of Ozone-Depleting Compounds", "description": "Music: \"Hidden Movement\" Universal Production Music Complete transcript available. || Screen_Shot_2021-02-10_at_9.41.20_AM_print.jpg (1024x569) [115.7 KB] || Screen_Shot_2021-02-10_at_9.41.20_AM.png (2267x1261) [3.1 MB] || Screen_Shot_2021-02-10_at_9.41.20_AM_searchweb.png (320x180) [87.6 KB] || Screen_Shot_2021-02-10_at_9.41.20_AM_thm.png (80x40) [6.9 KB] || CFC_11_RC_5.webm (1920x1080) [6.5 MB] || 13807_CFC11.mp4 (1920x1080) [389.2 MB] || CFC11RC5.en_US.srt [3.4 KB] || ", "hits": 274 }, { "id": 13752, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13752/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2020-10-30T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "2020 Weather Patterns Push Antarctic Ozone Hole to 12th Largest on Record", "description": "A cold and stable Antarctic vortex supported the development of the 12th largest ozone hole on record in 2020. The hole reached its peak extent on September 20th at 24.8 million square kilometers. || ", "hits": 268 }, { "id": 13349, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13349/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2019-10-21T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Unusual Winds Drive a Small 2019 Ozone Hole", "description": "Every year, NASA and NOAA track the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica as it grows to its annual winter maximum. This year, the hole was smaller than expected, due to an unusual weather pattern in the stratosphere. || ", "hits": 55 }, { "id": 13103, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13103/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2018-11-02T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "2018 Ozone Hole Is a Reminder of What Almost Was", "description": "Music: Saturn Echoes by Eddy Pradelles [SACEM]Complete transcript available. || Ozone_2018Max1.jpg (1920x1080) [423.1 KB] || Ozone_2018Max1_searchweb.png (180x320) [35.1 KB] || Ozone_2018Max1_thm.png (80x40) [4.0 KB] || Ozone_2018.mp4 (1920x1080) [84.2 MB] || Ozone_2018.webm (1920x1080) [9.9 MB] || Ozone_Captions.en_US.srt [1.4 KB] || Ozone_Captions.en_US.vtt [1.4 KB] || ", "hits": 52 }, { "id": 12816, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12816/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2018-01-04T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "NASA Sees Definitive Evidence of the Montreal Protocol’s Success", "description": "Complete transcript available. || LARGE_MP4_12816_ChlorineDecreasinginOzone_large_1.01386_print.jpg (1024x576) [54.5 KB] || LARGE_MP4_12816_ChlorineDecreasinginOzone_large_1.01386_searchweb.png (320x180) [37.9 KB] || LARGE_MP4_12816_ChlorineDecreasinginOzone_large_1.01386_thm.png (80x40) [3.5 KB] || LARGE_MP4_12816_ChlorineOzone_Strahan_Final_large.mp4 (1920x1080) [198.9 MB] || WEBM_12816_ChlorineOzone_Strahan_Final.webm (960x540) [73.4 MB] || YOUTUBE_1080_12816_ChlorineOzone_Strahan_Final_youtube_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [338.4 MB] || 12816_ChlorineOzone_Strahan_Final_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [125.2 MB] || 12816_ChlorineOzone_Strahan_Final_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [125.3 MB] || Chlorine_Strahan.en_US.srt [3.6 KB] || Chlorine_Strahan.en_US.vtt [3.6 KB] || 12816_ChlorineOzone_Strahan_Final_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [35.0 MB] || ", "hits": 613 }, { "id": 12797, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12797/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2017-12-08T16:00:00-05:00", "title": "NASA Evaluates New Threats to Earth’s Ozone Layer", "description": "Complete transcript available. || Ozone_future_concerns_2017.00060_print.jpg (1024x576) [57.9 KB] || Ozone_future_concerns_2017.00060_searchweb.png (320x180) [55.6 KB] || Ozone_future_concerns_2017.00060_thm.png (80x40) [4.4 KB] || Ozone_future_concerns_2017.mp4 (1920x1080) [638.6 MB] || Ozone_future_concerns_2017.webm (1920x1080) [21.6 MB] || Ozone_future_concerns_2017.en_US.srt [3.9 KB] || Ozone_future_concerns_2017.en_US.vtt [3.9 KB] || ", "hits": 100 }, { "id": 30918, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30918/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2017-12-04T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Total Column Ozone from EP-TOMS and MERRA-2 GMI", "description": "Total Column Ozone from EP-TOMS and MERRA-2 GMIThe ozone layer is Earth’s protection from harmful ultraviolet radiation. NASA has a long history of measuring total column ozone using a variety of instruments, typically with polar orbiting satellites measuring backscattered solar radiation. This produces near global coverage over the course of a day over the sunlit portion of Earth. Some missing data occurs between swaths, over the polar region during winter, and during satellite outages. This animation shows the evolution of daily composites of total column ozone as observed with Earth Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (EP-TOMS), on the right panel, from July 1, 2002 to Oct. 31, 2002. On the left panel is the total column ozone from the MERRA-2 GMI simulation, with hourly time resolution over the same time period. MERRA-2 GMI is a Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS-5) “replay” simulation at 0.5° (~50km) horizontal resolution, driven by MERRA-2 reanalyzed winds, temperature, and pressure, coupled to the comprehensive Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) stratosphere-troposphere chemical mechanism. This animation shows the onset of the Antarctic ozone hole formation during austral winter of the dynamically active 2002 season and its breakdown during spring. In September 2002, the Antarctic polar vortex split into 2 lobes following the first and only observed major stratospheric warming in the Southern Hemisphere over our observational record. By combining NASA’s observations and chemistry simulations we have a clearer view of the evolution of Earth’s ozone layer over the recent past. || oman_toz_2002_pngs_1080.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [117.1 KB] || oman_toz_2002_pngs_1080.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [61.2 KB] || oman_toz_2002_pngs_1080.00001_web.png (320x180) [61.2 KB] || oman_toz_2002_pngs_1080.00001_thm.png (80x40) [6.0 KB] || oman_toz_2002_pngs_1080.webm (1920x1080) [10.5 MB] || oman_toz_2002_pngs_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [187.7 MB] || ", "hits": 130 }, { "id": 12764, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12764/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2017-11-02T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "Warm Winter Air Makes for a Small Ozone Hole", "description": "Music: Stars Align by Andrew Michael Britton [PRS] || LARGE_MP4-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_large.01358_print.jpg (1024x576) [64.4 KB] || LARGE_MP4-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_large.01358_searchweb.png (320x180) [41.0 KB] || LARGE_MP4-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_large.01358_thm.png (80x40) [4.1 KB] || LARGE_MP4-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_large.mp4 (1920x1080) [46.1 MB] || APPLE_TV-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [20.2 MB] || YOUTUBE_1080-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_youtube_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [64.9 MB] || WEBM-12764_2017OzoneMinimum.webm (960x540) [18.0 MB] || APPLE_TV-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [20.2 MB] || 2017OzoneMinimum.en_US.srt [732 bytes] || 2017OzoneMinimum.en_US.vtt [745 bytes] || NASA_PODCAST-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [7.4 MB] || ", "hits": 271 }, { "id": 12708, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12708/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2017-09-16T07:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA Watches 30 Years of Ozone Success", "description": "Thirty years ago, the nations of the world agreed to the landmark ‘Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.’ The Protocol limited the release of ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into the atmosphere. Since the 1960s, NASA scientists have worked with NOAA researchers to study the ozone layer, using a combination of satellite, aircraft and balloon measurements of the atmosphere.Things have been improving in the 30 years since the Montreal Protocol. Thanks to the agreement, the concentration of CFCs in the atmosphere has been decreasing, and the ozone hole maximum has been smaller since a record in 2006.From the ground and space, NASA science offers a unique perspective of Earth, helping to identify challenges and find solutions to benefit the planet. || ", "hits": 107 }, { "id": 30889, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30889/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2017-08-09T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ozone Minimum Concentrations, 1979-2018", "description": "Here, the globes show ozone data on the day that the minimum ozone concentration was reached over Antarctica, each year from 1979 and 2016. || annual_ozone_min_v2_daily_1080p.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [73.7 KB] || annual_ozone_min_v2_daily_1080p.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [51.6 KB] || annual_ozone_min_v2_daily_1080p.00001_thm.png (80x40) [5.0 KB] || annual_ozone_min_v2_daily_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [5.0 MB] || annual_ozone_min_v2_daily_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [2.8 MB] || annual_ozone_min_v2_daily_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [4.5 MB] || annual_ozone_min_v2_daily_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [15.0 MB] || v2 (4104x2304) [0 Item(s)] || ", "hits": 111 }, { "id": 12401, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12401/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2016-10-25T02:00:00-04:00", "title": "2016 Antarctic Ozone Hole Meets Scientist Expectations", "description": "Music credit: Hope and Future by Brice Devoli [SACEM] || ozone_hole_2016.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [37.0 KB] || ozone_hole_2016.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [24.0 KB] || ozone_hole_2016.00001_thm.png (80x40) [2.6 KB] || ozone_hole_2016.webm (1280x720) [21.3 MB] || ozone_hole_2016.mpeg (1280x720) [199.7 MB] || ozone_hole_2016_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [30.5 MB] || ozone_hole_2016_large.mp4 (1280x720) [61.2 MB] || ozone_hole_2016_prores.mov (1280x720) [815.6 MB] || ozone_hole_2016_youtube_hq.mov (1280x720) [43.4 MB] || ozone_hole_2016.mov (1280x720) [815.9 MB] || ozone_hole_2016_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [10.7 MB] || ", "hits": 151 }, { "id": 30731, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30731/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2015-12-10T15:00:00-05:00", "title": "Ozonewatch 2015", "description": "Ozone hole size plots and October 1st images from 1979-2015 || ozone_plots_october_1_1979-2015_print.jpg (1024x574) [104.6 KB] || ozone_plots_october_1_1979-2015.png (4104x2304) [2.3 MB] || ozone_plots_october_1_1979-2015_searchweb.png (320x180) [47.7 KB] || ozone_plots_october_1_1979-2015_thm.png (80x40) [4.9 KB] || ozone_plots_october_30731.key [5.4 MB] || ozone_plots_october_30731.pptx [2.8 MB] || ", "hits": 47 }, { "id": 12062, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12062/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-11-19T10:00:00-05:00", "title": "Annual Antarctic Ozone Hole Larger and Formed Later in 2015", "description": "The 2015 Antarctic ozone hole area was larger and formed later than in recent years, said scientists from NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). || ", "hits": 68 }, { "id": 30602, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30602/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2015-06-04T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "The Antarctic Ozone Hole Will Recover", "description": "October average minimum ozone over Antarctica || ozone_recovery_update_2017_print.jpg (1024x643) [96.8 KB] || ozone_recovery_update_2017.png (3800x2389) [34.7 MB] || ozone_recovery_update_2017_searchweb.png (320x180) [45.8 KB] || ozone_recovery_update_2017_thm.png (80x40) [4.8 KB] || ozone_hole_recover_30602.key [4.9 MB] || ozone_hole_recover_30602.pptx [2.4 MB] || the-antarctic-ozone-hole-will-recover-in-the-latter-half-of-the-21st-century.hwshow [205 bytes] || ", "hits": 229 }, { "id": 11869, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11869/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-05-08T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA On Air: Big Ozone Holes Headed For Extinction By 2040 (5/8/2015)", "description": "LEAD: NASA scientists report that the ozone hole over Antarctica is slowly recovering.1. The ozone hole is the result of man-made chlorine and bromine chemicals reacting with thin ice clouds at 60,000 feet where temperatures are bitterly cold, less than –110 Degrees Fahrenheit.2. The ozone hole varies from twice to three times the size of the United States.3. Since the Montreal Protocol agreement in 1987, emissions have been regulated and ozone-depleting chemical levels have been slowly declining.4. With a new analysis, NASA scientists say that the ozone hole will be consistently smaller than less than twice the United States.TAG: Scientists will continue to use satellites to monitor the recovery of the ozone hole and they hope to see its full recovery before the end of the century. || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_print.jpg (1024x576) [115.0 KB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_searchweb.png (320x180) [78.1 KB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_web.png (320x180) [78.1 KB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_thm.png (80x40) [5.4 KB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_1920x1080.mov (1920x1080) [648.2 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_1280x720.mov (1280x720) [766.3 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_NBC_Today.mov (1920x1080) [241.4 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_WEA_CEN.wmv (1280x720) [17.3 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_converted.avi (1280x720) [19.0 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_baron.mp4 (1920x1080) [20.6 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_prores.mov (1920x1080) [518.5 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_960x540.m4v (960x540) [71.1 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1280x720.m4v (1280x720) [116.2 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180.m4v (1920x1080) [241.4 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_960x540.webm (960x540) [3.4 MB] || ", "hits": 107 }, { "id": 11781, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11781/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-05-06T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Big Ozone Holes Headed For Extinction By 2040", "description": "The next three decades will see an end of the era of big ozone holes. In a new study, scientists from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center say that the ozone hole will be consistently smaller than 8 million square miles by the year 2040.Ozone-depleting chemicals in the atmosphere cause an ozone hole to form over Antarctica during the winter months in the Southern Hemisphere. Since the Montreal Protocol agreement in 1987, emissions have been regulated and chemical levels have been declining. However, the ozone hole has still remained bigger than 8 million square miles since the early 1990s, with exact sizes varying from year to year.The size of the ozone hole varies due to both temperature and levels of ozone-depleting chemicals in the atmosphere. In order to get a more accurate picture of the future size of the ozone hole, scientists used NASA’s AURA satellite to determine how much the levels of these chemicals in the atmosphere varied each year. With this new knowledge, scientists can confidently say that the ozone hole will be consistently smaller than 8 million square miles by the year 2040. Scientists will continue to use satellites to monitor the recovery of the ozone hole and they hope to see its full recovery before the end of the century.Research: Inorganic chlorine variability in the Antarctic vortex and implications for ozone recovery.Journal: Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, December 18, 2014.Link to paper: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014JD022295/abstract.Here is the YouTube video. || ", "hits": 149 }, { "id": 4272, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4272/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-02-09T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "What Would have Happened to the Ozone Layer if Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) had not been Regulated? (UPDATED)", "description": "World Avoided Ozone Full AnimationThis video is also available on our YouTube channel. || world_avoided_robinson.1830_print.jpg (1024x576) [70.0 KB] || world_avoided_robinson.1830_searchweb.png (180x320) [38.8 KB] || world_avoided_robinson.1830_thm.png (80x40) [4.7 KB] || full_movie (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || world_avoided_robinson_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [26.3 MB] || world_avoided_robinson_1080.webm (1920x1080) [7.2 MB] || world_avoided_robinson_4272.pptx [27.2 MB] || world_avoided_robinson_4272.key [29.8 MB] || world_avoided_robinson_1080.mp4.hwshow || ", "hits": 102 }, { "id": 10182, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10182/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-11-10T09:00:00-05:00", "title": "Why is the Ozone Hole Getting Smaller?", "description": "The Antarctic ozone hole reached its annual peak size on Sept. 11, according to scientists from NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The size of this year’s hole was 24.1 million square kilometers (9.3 million square miles) — an area roughly the size of North America.With the increased atmospheric chlorine levels present since the 1980s, the Antarctic ozone hole forms and expands during the Southern Hemisphere spring (August and September). The ozone layer helps shield life on Earth from potentially harmful ultraviolet radiation that can cause skin cancer and damage plants.The Montreal Protocol agreement beginning in 1987 regulated ozone depleting substances, such as chlorine-containing chlorofluorocarbons and bromine-containing halons. The 2014 level of these substances over Antarctica has declined about 9 percent below the record maximum in 2000.“Year-to-year weather variability significantly impacts Antarctica ozone because warmer stratospheric temperatures can reduce ozone depletion,” said Paul A. Newman, chief scientist for atmospheres at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.Scientists are working to determine if the ozone hole trend over the last decade is a result of temperature increases or chorine declines. An increase of stratospheric temperature over Antarctica would decrease the ozone hole’s area. || ", "hits": 194 }, { "id": 11648, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11648/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-09-10T09:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ozone minimum concentrations, 1979-2013", "description": "Visualizations of ozone concentrations over the southern hemisphere.Data is from ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov || ", "hits": 58 }, { "id": 11607, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11607/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-09-08T16:35:00-04:00", "title": "10 Years of Aura Legacy", "description": "The Aura atmospheric chemistry satellite celebrates its 10th anniversary in July, 2014. Since its launch in 2004, Aura has monitored the Earth's atmosphere and provided data on the ozone layer, air quality, and greenhouse gases associated with climate change. || ", "hits": 37 }, { "id": 3586, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3586/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-03-17T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "What Would have Happened to the Ozone Layer if Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) had not been Regulated?", "description": "Led by NASA Goddard scientist Paul Newman, a team of atmospheric chemists simulated 'what might have been' if chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and similar ozone-depleting chemicals were not banned through the Montreal Protocol. The comprehensive model — including atmospheric chemical effects, wind changes, and solar radiation changes — simulated what would happen to global concentrations of stratospheric ozone if CFCs were continually added to the atmosphere.The visualizations below present two cases, from several different viewing positions: the 'world avoided' case, where the rate of CFC emission into the atmosphere is assumed to be that of the period before regulation, and the 'projected' case, which assumes the current rate of emission, post-regulation. Both cases extrapolate to the year 2065. || ", "hits": 196 }, { "id": 10255, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10255/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2008-06-10T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Exploring Ozone", "description": "This short video combines dynamic ozone visualizations with an interview with leading atmospheric NASA scientist, Dr. Paul Newman. Dr. Newman explains why ozone is important, he cites the ingredients that cause an ozone hole to form, and he remarks on the future of the ozone, pointing to exciting new areas of ozone research, including the role climate change will play in future years. || ", "hits": 81 }, { "id": 3264, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3264/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-10-30T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Smithsonian Exhibit: Antarctic Ozone Sequence 1979 through 2004", "description": "NASA has been monitoring the status of the ozone layer through satellite observations since the 1970s, beginning with the TOMS sensors on the Nimbus satellites. The latest-generation ozone-monitoring technology, the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), is flying onboard NASA's Aura satellite. The ozone hole is not technically a 'hole' where no ozone is present, but is actually a region of exceptionally depleted ozone in the stratosphere over the Antarctic. The ozone hole begins to grow in August and reaches its largest area in depth in the middle of September to early October period. In the early years (before 1984) the hole was small because chlorine and bromine levels over Antarctica were low. Year-to-year variations in area and depth are caused by year-to-year variations in temperature. Colder conditions result in a larger area and lower ozone values in the center of the hole. This animation shows total ozone in the Antarctic region along with the maximum ozone depth and size since the earliest measurements of Earth Probe instrument on the TOMS satellite. This animation was created for an exhibit at the Smithsonium Museum. Data dropouts have been removed for the following times: 1998/12/14-31, 2002/08/03-11, 2003/11/28-2003/12/02. The minimum ozone recorded is 82.0 du on September 26, 2003. The maximum area of 29 million square kilometers (11.4 million square miles) occurred on September 9, 2000. || ", "hits": 53 }, { "id": 3136, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3136/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-07-24T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Antarctic Ozone Sequence 1996 through 2004", "description": "This animation shows total ozone in the Antarctic region along with the maximum ozone depth and size since the earliest measurements of the TOMS instrument on the Earth Probe satellite. This animation was created for an exhibit at the Smithsonium Museum. || ", "hits": 14 }, { "id": 3137, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3137/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-07-24T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Antarctic Ozone Sequence 1996 through 2004, Data Dropouts Removed", "description": "This animation shows total ozone in the Antarctic region along with the maximum ozone depth and size since the earliest measurements of Earth Probe instrument on the TOMS satellite. This animation was created for an exhibit at the Smithsonium Museum. Data dropouts have been removed for the following times: 1998/12/14-31, 2002/08/03-11, 2003/11/28-2003/12/02. || ", "hits": 13 }, { "id": 2836, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2836/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-10-20T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ozone Visualization Comparison", "description": "This ozone hole animation was created for the panel session 'Astrophysics or Astro-graphics' at the workshop 'Communicating Astronomy to the Public' on October 2, 2003. The purpose of the animation was to illustrate two different ways that a visualization might be structured based on the amount of time the viewer had to look at it. The animation on the left fully illustrated the data, imperfections and all, under the assumption that a presenter would have time to explain the animation in detail. The animation on the right had all the data 'imperfections' removed by interpolation, under the assumption that the viewer would only have 20 or 30 seconds to look at it (on the evening news, for example) with only the briefest of explanations. The problem was that, without explanation, a layman might interpret the region of missing data in the movie on the left to be the ozone hole, instead of the central blue region. The point was that the truth of a visualization lies in the mind of the beholder, not in the absolute content of the imagery. || ", "hits": 14 } ] }