{ "count": 147, "next": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/api/search/?keywords=Magnetosphere&limit=100&offset=100", "previous": null, "results": [ { "id": 5643, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5643/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2026-05-12T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "The Ring Current in Earth's Magnetosphere", "description": "The ring current is a dynamic, doughnut-shaped region around Earth where charged particles flow in opposite directions along magnetic field lines, creating electrical currents. During a solar storm, changes in the ring current can lead to charge buildup on satellites, increased satellite drag, and magnetic fluctuations and induced currents on the ground that can affect pipelines and power lines.", "hits": 924 }, { "id": 15011, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/15011/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2026-05-01T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA Experiment to Track Space ‘Doughnut’ Encircling Earth", "description": "NASA is launching a new experiment to track charged particles in a \"space doughnut\" that encircles our planet. Installed on the exterior of the International Space Station, the new experiment will study the ring current — a doughnut-shaped swarm of particles that can surge when a solar blast hits Earth, disrupting our satellites in space and power systems on the ground.", "hits": 533 }, { "id": 15013, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/15013/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2026-05-01T09:00:00-04:00", "title": "STORIE Prepares for Launch at Kennedy Space Center", "description": "NASA’s STORIE (Storm Time O+ Ring current Imaging Evolution) instrument is shown here installed on the Space Test Program – Houston 11 (STP-H11) payload, a partnership between the U.S. Space Force and NASA, at the Space Station Processing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. It is covered in blanketing material to protect STORIE from the space environment. After launch, the STP-H11 payload and STORIE will be installed on the outside of the International Space Station’s Columbus module.Learn more: https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/heliophysics/nasas-storie-mission-to-tell-tale-of-earths-ring-current/ || ", "hits": 448 }, { "id": 5623, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5623/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2026-04-30T08:30:00-04:00", "title": "The Moon Passes Through Earth's Magnetotail", "description": "The Moon orbits the Earth 13 times a year. During a small part of that orbit, it passes through a special region called Earth's magnetotail, which stretches out on the night side of our planet. While inside the magnetotail, the Moon is protected from the Sun's radiation. But once it leaves the magnetotail, it is again exposed to the solar wind.", "hits": 286 }, { "id": 5644, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5644/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2026-04-30T08:30:00-04:00", "title": "The Moon Passes Through Earth's Magnetotail for Fulldome", "description": "The Moon orbits the Earth 13 times a year. During a small part of that orbit, it passes through a special region called Earth's magnetotail, which stretches out on the night side of our planet. While inside the magnetotail, the Moon is protected from the Sun's radiation. But once it leaves the magnetotail, it is again exposed to the solar wind.", "hits": 347 }, { "id": 5622, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5622/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2026-03-05T18:00:00-05:00", "title": "Artemis II: Sending Humans Beyond the Magnetosphere", "description": "Artemis II will be the first time in over 50 years that humans venture beyond Earth's protective magnetic shield, called the magnetosphere. This visualization captures the spacecraft's journey as the Orion spacecraft leaves the safety of the magnetosphere (shown here in green) and travels into open space, where it will encounter the solar wind streaming from the Sun.", "hits": 428 }, { "id": 5617, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5617/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2026-02-26T10:30:00-05:00", "title": "ESCAPADE Visits the Distant Magnetotail", "description": "Launched on Nov. 13, 2025, NASA’s ESCAPADE (Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers) mission will use two identical spacecraft to investigate how the solar wind interacts with Mars’ magnetic environment and how this interaction drives the planet’s atmospheric escape.", "hits": 213 }, { "id": 5609, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5609/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2026-01-26T05:00:00-05:00", "title": "Heliophysics Satellite Fleet - 2026", "description": "A tour of the NASA Heliophysics fleet from near-Earth satellites out to the Voyagers beyond the heliopause.", "hits": 497 }, { "id": 5503, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5503/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2025-11-19T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "ESCAPADE Theoretical Flight Through Active Mars Magnetosphere", "description": "NASA's Escape and Plasma Acceleration Dynamics Explorers mission, or ESCAPADE, aims to study Mars' real-time response to the solar wind and how the Martian magnetosphere changes over time, helping us better understand Mars' climate history. In this data visualization, we use the September 13, 2017 solar storm that arrived at Mars as an example of a storm that the twin ESCAPADE spacecraft might study.", "hits": 284 }, { "id": 14666, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14666/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2025-11-13T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "ESCAPADE Launch Phase and Deployment Animations", "description": "The Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers, or ESCAPADE, will use two identical spacecraft to investigate how the solar wind interacts with Mars’ magnetic environment and how this interaction drives the planet’s atmospheric escape. The first multi-spacecraft orbital science mission to the Red Planet, ESCAPADE’s twin orbiters will take simultaneous observations from different locations around Mars to reveal the planet’s real-time response to space weather and how the Martian magnetosphere changes over time.The ESCAPADE mission will be carried into orbit on the second launch of Blue Origin’s New Glenn rocket. New Glenn is a single-configuration, heavy-lift orbital launch vehicle capable of routinely carrying both spacecraft and people to low Earth orbits, geostationary transfer orbits, cislunar orbits (between Earth and the Moon), and beyond via Earth-departure orbits like the one required for ESCAPADE. The vehicle is named after John Glenn, the first American astronaut to orbit Earth.The ESCAPADE mission is managed by the Space Sciences Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, with key partners Rocket Lab, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Advanced Space LLC, and Blue Origin. || ", "hits": 101 }, { "id": 14920, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14920/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2025-11-13T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Preparing for Martian Explorers: NASA's ESCAPADE Investigates Mars Space Weather", "description": "NASA’s new ESCAPADE mission is launching to Mars to help us better understand the Sun’s influence on Mars’ past and present. Its work could help protect future human explorers from potentially dangerous space weather when they set foot on the Red Planet.For the first time, the mission will use two identical spacecraft to investigate how the solar wind interacts with Mars’ magnetic environment and how this interaction drives the planet’s atmospheric escape. Its observations will reveal the planet’s real-time response to space weather and how the Martian magnetosphere changes over time.The ESCAPADE orbiters build on earlier Mars missions, such as NASA’s MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution) orbiter. The MAVEN mission has one spacecraft that has been studying Mars’ atmospheric loss since arriving at the Red Planet in 2014.ESCAPADE is scheduled to launch no earlier than fall 2025 from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station Launch Complex 36 in Florida.Find out more about the ESCAPADE mission: https://science.nasa.gov/mission/escapade/ || ", "hits": 137 }, { "id": 14915, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14915/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2025-11-13T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "ESCAPADE Trajectory Animations", "description": "The Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers, or ESCAPADE, mission will use two identical spacecraft to investigate how the solar wind interacts with Mars’ magnetic environment and how this interaction drives the planet’s atmospheric escape. The first multi-spacecraft orbital science mission to the Red Planet, ESCAPADE’s twin orbiters will take simultaneous observations from different locations around Mars to reveal the planet’s real-time response to space weather and how the Martian magnetosphere changes over time.The ESCAPADE mission is being carried into orbit on the second launch of Blue Origin’s New Glenn rocket (NG-2) and is scheduled to launch in November 2025 from Cape Canaveral, Florida. New Glenn is a single-configuration, heavy-lift orbital launch vehicle capable of routinely carrying both spacecraft and people to low Earth orbits, geostationary transfer orbits, cislunar orbits (between Earth and the Moon), and beyond via Earth-departure orbits like the one required for ESCAPADE. The vehicle is named after John Glenn, the first American astronaut to orbit Earth.The ESCAPADE mission is managed by the Space Sciences Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, with key partners Rocket Lab, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Advanced Space LLC, and Blue Origin.Below are animations demonstrating the different phases of the mission's trajectory from traveling from Earth to Mars to implementing its science orbits around the Red Planet. || ", "hits": 399 }, { "id": 14918, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14918/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2025-11-11T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "ESCAPADE Prepares for Flight (2025)", "description": "The Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers, or ESCAPADE, will use two identical spacecraft to investigate how the solar wind interacts with Mars’ magnetic environment and how this interaction drives the planet’s atmospheric escape. The first multi-spacecraft orbital science mission to the Red Planet, ESCAPADE’s twin orbiters will take simultaneous observations from different locations around Mars to reveal the planet’s real-time response to space weather and how the Martian magnetosphere changes over time.The ESCAPADE mission is being carried into orbit on the second launch of Blue Origin’s New Glenn rocket (NG-2) and is scheduled to launch in November 2025 from Cape Canaveral, Florida. New Glenn is a single-configuration, heavy-lift orbital launch vehicle capable of routinely carrying both spacecraft and people to low Earth orbits, geostationary transfer orbits, cislunar orbits (between Earth and the Moon), and beyond via Earth-departure orbits like the one required for ESCAPADE. The vehicle is named after John Glenn, the first American astronaut to orbit Earth.The ESCAPADE mission is managed by the Space Sciences Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, with key partners Rocket Lab, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Advanced Space LLC, and Blue Origin. || ", "hits": 359 }, { "id": 14907, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14907/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2025-09-30T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "What is space weather?", "description": "Though it is almost 100 million miles away from Earth, the Sun influences our daily lives in ways you may not realize.A farmer stops their planting operations due to poor GPS signal for their autonomous tractor. A power grid manager changes the configuration of their network to ensure a blackout doesn’t occur due to voltage instability. A pilot switches to back-up communication equipment due to loss of high-frequency radio. A commercial internet company providing service to the military must change the orbit of their spacecraft to avoid a collision due to increased atmospheric drag.These are a few examples of the ways the Sun influences our everyday lives. This is what we define as space weather – the conditions of the space environment driven by the Sun and its impacts on objects in the solar system. || ", "hits": 178 }, { "id": 14892, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14892/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2025-08-29T16:00:00-04:00", "title": "Solar Wind Animations", "description": "The Sun releases a constant stream of charged particles, called the solar wind. The solar wind originates in the outermost layer of the Sun’s atmosphere, the corona, when plasma is heated to a point that the Sun’s gravity can’t hold it down. When this plasma escapes – often reaching speeds of over one million miles per hour – it drags the Sun’s magnetic out across the solar system. When the solar wind encounters Earth, it is deflected by our planet's magnetic shield, causing most of the solar wind's energetic particles to flow around and beyond us. However, some of these high-energy particles can sneak past Earth’s natural magnetic defenses and produce hazardous conditions for satellites and astronauts, as well as power grids and infrastructure on Earth.Learn more about the solar wind: https://science.nasa.gov/sun/what-is-the-solar-wind/ || ", "hits": 841 }, { "id": 14874, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14874/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2025-07-28T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "STORIE Thermal Vacuum Test at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center", "description": "NASA’s STORIE mission, or Storm Time O+ Ring current Imaging Evolution, has completed its design, build, and testing campaign at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, ahead of its six-month mission onboard the International Space Station (ISS). From its unique vantage point on the ISS, STORIE will use its onboard neutral atom imager to provide an “inside out” view of Earth’s ring current – a region of the magnetosphere where energetic particles are trapped in near-Earth space. In addition to answering fundamental questions about the ring current’s intensity and composition, STORIE will also provide a more detailed understanding of how geomagnetic storms affect Earth.From NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, STORIE will be shipped to NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, where it will be integrated onto a pallet to be installed outside the ISS’s Columbus Module. STORIE will head to the ISS aboard a SpaceX commercial resupply flight no earlier than spring 2026. || ", "hits": 114 }, { "id": 14876, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14876/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2025-07-25T15:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA’s TRACERS Mission Launches to Study Earth’s Magnetic Shield", "description": "NASA’s newest mission, TRACERS, soon will begin studying how Earth’s magnetic shield protects our planet from the effects of space weather. Short for Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites, the twin TRACERS spacecraft lifted off at 11:13 a.m. PDT (2:13 p.m. EDT) Wednesday, July 23, 2025, aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Space Launch Complex 4 East at Vandenberg Space Force Base in California.Learn more about the mission: https://science.nasa.gov/mission/tracers/ || ", "hits": 74 }, { "id": 14869, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14869/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2025-07-18T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "STORIE Fit Test at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center", "description": "NASA’s STORIE mission, or Storm Time O+ Ring current Imaging Evolution, has completed its design, build, and testing campaign at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, ahead of its mission onboard the International Space Station (ISS). From its unique vantage point on the ISS, STORIE will use neutral atom imaging to provide an “inside out” view of Earth’s ring current – a region of the magnetosphere where energetic particles are trapped in near-Earth space. In addition to answering fundamental questions about the ring current’s intensity and composition, STORIE will also provide a more detailed understanding of how geomagnetic storms affect Earth.From NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, STORIE will be shipped to NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, where it will be integrated onto a pallet to be installed outside the ISS’s Columbus Module. STORIE will head to the ISS aboard a SpaceX commercial resupply flight no earlier than spring 2026. || ", "hits": 49 }, { "id": 5555, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5555/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2025-07-15T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "TRACERS through Earth's Polar Cusps", "description": "Visualization of the orbit of the twin TRACERS (Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites) satellites that will explore the process of magnetic reconnection in Earth's polar regions and its effects on our atmosphere.", "hits": 138 }, { "id": 14862, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14862/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2025-07-14T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA’s TRACERS Studies Magnetic Explosions Above Earth", "description": "NASA's TRACERS mission, or the Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites, will fly in low Earth orbit through the polar cusps, funnel-shaped holes in the magnetic field, to study magnetic reconnection and its effects in Earth's atmosphere. Magnetic reconnection is a mysterious process that happens when the solar wind, made of electrically charged particles and magnetic fields from the Sun, collides with Earth's magnetic shield, causing magnetic field lines to violently snap and explosively fling away particles at high speeds. This process has huge impacts on Earth, from causing breathtaking auroras to disrupting communications and power grids on Earth. TRACERS is launching no earlier than summer 2025 aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Space Launch Complex 4 East at Vandenberg Space Force Base in California.Find out more about the TRACERS mission and how it will help us better understand the ways space weather affects us on Earth: https://science.nasa.gov/mission/tracers/ || ", "hits": 193 }, { "id": 20404, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20404/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2025-06-02T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "TRACERS Science Animations", "description": "The TRACERS, or the Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites, mission will help scientists understand an explosive process called magnetic reconnection and its effects in Earth’s atmosphere. Magnetic reconnection occurs when magnetic fields and particles from the Sun interact with Earth’s magnetic field. By understanding this process, scientists will be able to better understand and prepare for impacts of solar activity on Earth, such as auroras and disruptions to telecommunications.Learn more about the mission: https://science.nasa.gov/mission/tracers/ || ", "hits": 226 }, { "id": 14829, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14829/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2025-04-25T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "TRACERS Thermal Vacuum Testing at Millennium Space Systems", "description": "NASA’s Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites, or TRACERS, is embarking on its integration and testing campaign, during which all of the instruments and components will be added to the spacecraft structure, tested to ensure they will survive the harsh environments of launch and space, and made ready to execute its mission. The TRACERS mission will help scientists understand an explosive process called magnetic reconnection and its effects in Earth’s atmosphere. Magnetic reconnection occurs when magnetic fields and particles from the Sun interact with Earth’s magnetic field. By understanding this process, scientists will be able to better understand and prepare for impacts of solar activity on Earth, such as auroras and disruptions to telecommunications.Below are clips of Millennium Space Systems’ team members conducting Thermal Vacuum (TVAC) testing at the Boeing Space Systems Laboratory in El Segundo, California.Learn more about the mission: https://science.nasa.gov/mission/tracers/ || ", "hits": 123 }, { "id": 14827, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14827/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2025-04-24T15:00:00-04:00", "title": "TRACERS Instrument Development & Testing at the University of Iowa", "description": "NASA’s Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites, or TRACERS, is embarking on its integration and testing campaign, during which all of the instruments and components will be added to the spacecraft structure, tested to ensure they will survive the harsh environments of launch and space, and made ready to execute its mission. The TRACERS mission will help scientists understand an explosive process called magnetic reconnection and its effects in Earth’s atmosphere. Magnetic reconnection occurs when magnetic fields and particles from the Sun interact with Earth’s magnetic field. By understanding this process, scientists will be able to better understand and prepare for impacts of solar activity on Earth, such as auroras and disruptions to telecommunications.Below are clips of TRACERS’ instrument design, build, and testing at the University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa.Learn more about the mission: https://science.nasa.gov/mission/tracers/ || ", "hits": 56 }, { "id": 14828, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14828/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2025-04-24T15:00:00-04:00", "title": "TRACERS Testing & Integration at Millennium Space Systems", "description": "NASA’s Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites, or TRACERS, is embarking on its integration and testing campaign, during which all of the instruments and components will be added to the spacecraft structure, tested to ensure they will survive the harsh environments of launch and space, and made ready to execute its mission. The TRACERS mission will help scientists understand an explosive process called magnetic reconnection and its effects in Earth’s atmosphere. Magnetic reconnection occurs when magnetic fields and particles from the Sun interact with Earth’s magnetic field. By understanding this process, scientists will be able to better understand and prepare for impacts of solar activity on Earth, such as auroras and disruptions to telecommunications.Below are clips of TRACERS’ testing and integration at the Millennium Space Systems Small Satellite Factory in El Segundo, California. Learn more about the mission: https://science.nasa.gov/mission/tracers/ || ", "hits": 70 }, { "id": 5514, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5514/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2025-04-07T09:00:00-04:00", "title": "Solar Storm Excites Martian Magnetosphere for Fulldome", "description": "On September 13, 2017, a coronal mass ejection from the Sun arrived at Mars. This data visualization shows how solar-wind-induced currents and magnetic fields combine with Mars' relatively weak and irregular native crustal magnetic fields to contribute to Mars’ \"hybrid\" magnetosphere.", "hits": 278 }, { "id": 5502, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5502/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2025-04-07T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Solar Storm Excites Martian Magnetosphere", "description": "On September 13, 2017, a coronal mass ejection from the Sun arrived at Mars. This data visualization shows how solar-wind-induced currents (green colors) and magnetic fields (pink lines) combine with Mars' relatively weak and irregular native crustal magnetic fields to contribute to Mars’ \"hybrid\" magnetosphere.", "hits": 287 }, { "id": 14805, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14805/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2025-03-24T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "TRACERS Spacecraft Beauty Passes", "description": "The TRACERS, or the Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites, mission will help scientists understand an explosive process called magnetic reconnection and its effects in Earth’s atmosphere. Magnetic reconnection occurs when magnetic fields and particles from the Sun interact with Earth’s magnetic field. By understanding this process, scientists will be able to better understand and prepare for impacts of solar activity on Earth, such as auroras and disruptions to telecommunications.Learn more about the mission: https://science.nasa.gov/mission/tracers/ || ", "hits": 68 }, { "id": 14739, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14739/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2025-01-03T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "From the Moon, NASA’s LEXI Will Reveal Earth’s Magnetic Shield", "description": "NASA’s next mission to the Moon will carry an instrument called LEXI (the Lunar Environment Heliospheric X-ray Imager), which will provide the first-ever global view of the magnetic environment that shields Earth from solar radiation.From the surface of the Moon, LEXI will capture wide-field images of Earth's magnetic environment, or magnetosphere, in low-energy (or \"soft\") X-rays. LEXI will study changes in the magnetosphere and help us learn more about how it interacts with a stream of particles from the Sun called the solar wind, which can pose hazards for Artemis astronauts traveling to the Moon.Learn more about LEXI and its CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Services) flight to the Moon from Hyunju Connor, LEXI co-investigator at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.More on LEXI: https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/heliophysics/nasas-lexi-will-provide-x-ray-vision-of-earths-magnetosphere/ || ", "hits": 120 }, { "id": 14744, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14744/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2025-01-03T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "GDC and DYNAMIC to Explore Earth’s Upper Atmosphere", "description": "Two upcoming missions, the Geospace Dynamics Constellation (GDC) and Dynamical Neutral Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling (DYNAMIC) will revolutionize our understanding of Earth’s upper atmosphere. This region includes Earth’s ionosphere, thermosphere, and mesosphere, and stretches from roughly 50 to 400 miles above Earth’s surface. Space weather disturbances can impact communications, navigation signals, and satellite orbits, and induce currents can trigger power outages on Earth — making the region a crucial area of study.GDC is a team of satellites that will study Earth’s upper atmosphere and provide the first direct global measurements of our planet’s dynamic and complex interface with the space environment. Working in tandem with the DYNAMIC spacecraft, scientists will be able paint a fuller picture of how energy transforms and travels throughout the upper atmosphere. GDC will fly at an altitude of 350-400 km.DYNAMIC is a pair of satellites that will work in tandem with GDC to study how changes in Earth’s lower atmosphere influence our planet’s upper atmosphere. Between the multiple spacecraft of GDC and DYNAMIC, simultaneous observations from different locations can give scientists a more complete picture of how atmospheric waves propagate up through this unique part of the atmosphere. DYNAMIC will fly at an altitude of 550-800 km. || ", "hits": 129 }, { "id": 5435, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5435/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2024-12-12T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Geomagnetic and Atmospheric Response to May 2024 Solar Storm", "description": "This visualization shows the Earth's magnetosphere being hit by a geomagnetic storm. The MAGE model simulates real events that happened throughout May 10-11, 2024.White orbit trails: All satellites orbiting Earth during the stormOrange orbits: Proposed orbits for six GDC spacecraftOrange-to-purple lines: Magnetic field lines around EarthBlue trails: Solar wind velocity tracersGreen clouds: Electric field current intensityCredit:NASA Scientific Visualization Studio and NASA DRIVE Science Center for Geospace Storms || multiField_11-25-2024b_magnetosphere_pc_anim_satellites_4k.00450_print.jpg (1024x576) [191.2 KB] || multiField_11-25-2024b_magnetosphere_pc_anim_satellites_4k.00450_searchweb.png (320x180) [102.0 KB] || multiField_11-25-2024b_magnetosphere_pc_anim_satellites_4k.00450_web.png (320x180) [102.0 KB] || multiField_11-25-2024b_magnetosphere_pc_anim_satellites_4k.00450_thm.png (80x40) [6.4 KB] || multiField_12-30-2024b_magnetosphere_pc_anim_satellites_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [253.6 MB] || multiField_12-30-2024b_magnetosphere_pc_anim_satellites_3x3Hyperwall (5760x3240) [2880 Item(s)] || multiField_12-30-2024b_magnetosphere_pc_anim_satellites_3x3Hyperwall_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [773.4 MB] || multiField_12-30-2024b_magnetosphere_pc_anim_satellites_3x3Hyperwall_3240p30_h265.mp4 (5760x3240) [779.4 MB] || ", "hits": 393 }, { "id": 14690, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14690/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2024-09-23T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ten Years at Mars with NASA’s MAVEN Mission", "description": "During its first decade at Mars, MAVEN has helped to explain how the Red Planet evolved from warm and wet into the cold, dry world we see today. Complete transcript available.Universal Production Music: “Executive Deceit” by Samuel Karl Bohn [PRS], Chalk Music [PRS]; “Quasar” by Ross Stephen Gilmartin [PRS], Chappell Recorded Music Library Ltd [PRS]; “Modular Odyssey” and “Synthology” by Laetitia Frenod [SACEM], Koka Media [SACEM]Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || MAVEN-10th-Anniversary-Preview_print.jpg (1024x576) [160.7 KB] || MAVEN-10th-Anniversary-Preview.jpg (1280x720) [622.5 KB] || MAVEN-10th-Anniversary-Preview.png (1280x720) [1.2 MB] || MAVEN-10th-Anniversary-Preview_searchweb.png (320x180) [80.6 KB] || MAVEN-10th-Anniversary-Preview_thm.png (80x40) [6.3 KB] || 14690_MAVEN_10th_Anniversary_720.mp4 (1280x720) [92.2 MB] || 14690_MAVEN_10th_Anniversary_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [516.6 MB] || Maven10thAnniversaryCaptionsV3.en_US.srt [8.9 KB] || Maven10thAnniversaryCaptionsV3.en_US.vtt [8.5 KB] || 14690_MAVEN_10th_Anniversary_4K.mp4 (3840x2160) [6.3 GB] || 14690_MAVEN_10th_Anniversary_ProRes.mov (3840x2160) [36.5 GB] || ", "hits": 93 }, { "id": 14675, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14675/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2024-09-03T17:00:00-04:00", "title": "ESCAPADE Testing and Integration", "description": "The Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers, or ESCAPADE, will use two identical spacecraft to investigate how the solar wind interacts with Mars’ magnetic environment and how this interaction drives the planet’s atmospheric escape.The spacecraft were designed, built, integrated, and tested by Rocket Lab at their Spacecraft Production Complex and Headquarters in Long Beach, California. Based on Rocket Lab’s Explorer spacecraft, a configurable, high delta-V interplanetary platform, the duo features Rocket Lab-built components and subsystems, including solar panels, star trackers, propellant tanks, reaction wheels, reaction control systems, radios, and more.The ESCAPADE mission is managed by the Space Sciences Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, with key partners Rocket Lab, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Advanced Space LLC, and Blue Origin. || ", "hits": 91 }, { "id": 14628, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14628/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2024-08-28T11:30:00-04:00", "title": "Discovering Earth’s Third Global Energy Field", "description": "High above the Earth’s North and South Poles, a steady stream of particles escapes from our atmosphere into space. Scientists call this mysterious outflow the “polar wind,” and for almost 60 years, spacecraft have been flying through it as scientists have theorized about its cause. The leading theory was that a planet-wide electric field was drawing those particles up into space. But this so-called ambipolar electric field, if it exists, is so weak that all attempts to measure it have failed – until now.In 2022, scientists traveled to Svalbard, a small archipelago in Norway, to launch a rocket in an attempt to measure Earth’s ambipolar electric field for the first time. This was NASA’s Endurance rocketship mission, and this is its story.To learn more, visit: https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/heliophysics/nasa-discovers-long-sought-global-electric-field-on-earth/ || ", "hits": 350 }, { "id": 14664, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14664/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2024-08-23T16:00:00-04:00", "title": "ESCAPADE Mission Trailer", "description": "The Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers, or ESCAPADE, will use two identical spacecraft to investigate how the solar wind interacts with Mars’ magnetic environment and how this interaction drives the planet’s atmospheric escape.The first coordinated multi-spacecraft orbital science mission to the Red Planet, ESCAPADE’s twin orbiters will take simultaneous observations from different locations around Mars to reveal the planet’s real-time response to space weather and how the Martian magnetosphere changes over time.ESCAPADE will analyze how Mars’ magnetic field guides particle flows around the planet, how energy and momentum are transported from the solar wind through the magnetosphere, and what processes control the flow of energy and matter into and out of the Martian atmosphere. The data returned from the ESCAPADE spacecraft will provide new insight into the evolution of Mars’ climate, contributing to the body of research investigating how Mars began losing its atmosphere and water system.The ESCAPADE mission is managed by the Space Sciences Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, with key partners Rocket Lab, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Advanced Space LLC, and Blue Origin. || ", "hits": 87 }, { "id": 14667, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14667/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2024-08-22T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "ESCAPADE Instrument Build and Testing", "description": "The Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers, or ESCAPADE, will use two identical spacecraft to investigate how the solar wind interacts with Mars’ magnetic environment and how this interaction drives the planet’s atmospheric escape.The first multi-spacecraft orbital science mission to the Red Planet, ESCAPADE’s twin orbiters will take simultaneous observations from different locations around Mars to reveal the planet’s real-time response to space weather and how the Martian magnetosphere changes over time.ESCAPADE will analyze how Mars’ magnetic field guides particle flows around the planet, how energy and momentum are transported from the solar wind through the magnetosphere, and what processes control the flow of energy and matter into and out of the Martian atmosphere. The data returned from the ESCAPADE spacecraft will provide new insight into the evolution of Mars’ climate, contributing to the body of research investigating how Mars began losing its atmosphere and water system.The ESCAPADE mission is managed by the Space Sciences Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, with key partners Rocket Lab, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Advanced Space LLC, and Blue Origin. || ", "hits": 36 }, { "id": 14665, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14665/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2024-08-21T09:00:00-04:00", "title": "ESCAPADE Spacecraft Development Images", "description": "The Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers, or ESCAPADE, will use two identical spacecraft to investigate how the solar wind interacts with Mars’ magnetic environment and how this interaction drives the planet’s atmospheric escape.The first coordinated multi-spacecraft orbital science mission to the Red Planet, ESCAPADE’s twin orbiters will take simultaneous observations from different locations around Mars to reveal the planet’s real-time response to space weather and how the Martian magnetosphere changes over time. The data returned from the ESCAPADE spacecraft will provide new insight into the evolution of Mars’ climate, contributing to the body of research investigating how Mars began losing its atmosphere and water system.The ESCAPADE mission is managed by the Space Sciences Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, with key partners Rocket Lab, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Advanced Space LLC, and Blue Origin.The spacecraft were designed, built, integrated, and tested at Rocket Lab’s Spacecraft Production Complex and headquarters in Long Beach, California. Based on Rocket Lab’s Explorer spacecraft, a configurable, high delta-V interplanetary platform, the duo features Rocket Lab-built components and subsystems, including solar panels, star trackers, propellant tanks, reaction wheels, reaction control systems, radios, and more. || ", "hits": 44 }, { "id": 14641, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14641/", "result_type": "Infographic", "release_date": "2024-07-30T15:00:00-04:00", "title": "ESCAPADE Mission Posters", "description": "The Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers, or ESCAPADE, will use two identical spacecraft to investigate how the solar wind interacts with Mars’ magnetic environment and how this interaction drives the planet’s atmospheric escape.The first coordinated multi-spacecraft orbital science mission to the Red Planet, ESCAPADE’s twin orbiters will take simultaneous observations from different locations around Mars to reveal the planet’s real-time response to space weather and how the Martian magnetosphere changes over time.ESCAPADE will analyze how Mars’ magnetic field guides particle flows around the planet, how energy and momentum are transported from the solar wind through the magnetosphere, and what processes control the flow of energy and matter into and out of the Martian atmosphere. The data returned from the ESCAPADE spacecraft will provide new insight into the evolution of Mars’ climate, contributing to the body of research investigating how Mars began losing its atmosphere and water system.The ESCAPADE mission is managed by the Space Sciences Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, with key partners Rocket Lab, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Advanced Space LLC, and Blue Origin. || ", "hits": 52 }, { "id": 14642, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14642/", "result_type": "Infographic", "release_date": "2024-07-30T15:00:00-04:00", "title": "ESCAPADE Spacecraft Specifications", "description": "The Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers (ESCAPADE) mission, led by Rob Lillis at the University of California, Berkeley, Space Sciences Laboratory (UCBSSL), is a twin-spacecraft science mission that will orbit two spacecraft around Mars to understand the structure, composition, variability, and dynamics of Mars' unique hybrid magnetosphere. The mission will leverage its unique dual viewpoint on the Mars environment to explore how the solar wind strips atmosphere away from Mars to better understand how its climate has changed over time. ESCAPADE is being developed under NASA’s Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration (SIMPLEx) program in the Science Mission Directorate (SMD). The mission is led by UCBSSL with spacecraft design provided by Rocket Lab.The spacecraft were designed, built, integrated, and tested at Rocket Lab’s Spacecraft Production Complex and headquarters in Long Beach, California. Based on Rocket Lab’s Explorer spacecraft, a configurable, high delta-V interplanetary platform, the duo features Rocket Lab-built components and subsystems, including solar panels, star trackers, propellant tanks, reaction wheels, reaction control systems, radios, and more. || ", "hits": 189 }, { "id": 14639, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14639/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2024-07-26T16:00:00-04:00", "title": "Helio Big Year: How Sonifications Connect to Performance Art", "description": "The Sun can put on spectacular shows in the sky. From Earth, we watch the dance between the Sun and Moon during eclipses, see the mesmerizing motion of the aurora, witness a tapestry of colors during sunrise and sunset, and sometimes even spot the bright flashes of sprites. All of these unique occurrences have inspired performance art — from dance, to music, to theater, and beyond.In June 2024, the Heliophysics Big Year explores how various kinds of performance artists are moved by the Sun and its influence on Earth. || ", "hits": 152 }, { "id": 14635, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14635/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2024-07-22T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "ESCAPADE Mission Spacecraft Beauty Passes", "description": "NASA’s Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers (ESCAPADE) mission will study the interaction between the solar wind and Martian atmosphere. Two identical spacecraft will orbit around the Red Planet to understand the structure, composition, variability, and dynamics of Mars’ unique hybrid magnetosphere, including its real-time response to space weather.The mission will leverage its unique dual viewpoint on the Mars environment to explore how the solar wind strips atmosphere away from Mars to better understand how its climate has changed over time — so much that Mars no longer supports liquid water on its surface. The pair will be the first coordinated multi-spacecraft orbital science mission to Mars.ESCAPADE is part of the NASA Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration (SIMPLEx) program. The mission is managed by the University of California Berkeley’s Space Sciences Laboratory, with key partners Rocket Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Advanced Space LLC, and Blue Origin. || ", "hits": 82 }, { "id": 14542, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14542/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2024-03-05T10:00:00-05:00", "title": "EZIE – Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer", "description": "Slated to launch in 2025, NASA’s Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer (EZIE) will be the first mission to image the magnetic fingerprint of the auroral electrojets — intense electric currents flowing high above Earth’s poles that are central to the electrical circuit coupling the planet’s magnetosphere to its atmosphere.Led by the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), EZIE will use a trio of small satellites to characterize and record the electrojets’ structure over space and time. It will fill gaps in our understanding of this space weather phenomenon and provide findings that scientists can apply to other magnetized planets, both within and outside our solar system.Learn more:https://science.nasa.gov/mission/ezie/ || ", "hits": 100 }, { "id": 5214, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5214/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2024-02-08T08:00:00-05:00", "title": "Geomagnetic Storm Causes Satellite Loss for Fulldome", "description": "In February 2022, a Coronal Mass Ejection led to 38 commercial satellites being lost. Solar plasma from a geomagnetic storm heated the atmosphere, causing denser gases to expand into the satellites’ orbit, which increased atmospheric drag on the satellites and caused them to de-orbit. Johns Hopkins APL-led Center for Geospace Storms (CGS) is building a Multiscale Atmosphere-Geospace Environment (MAGE) supercomputer model to predict space weather. The physics-based MAGE simulation reproduced the storm-time atmospheric density enhancement much better than empirical or standalone ionosphere-thermosphere models, emphasizing the need for fully-coupled whole-of-geospace models for predicting space weather events.This is 4k fulldome imagery intended for projection in a planetarium or other hemispherical dome theater. || ", "hits": 149 }, { "id": 5200, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5200/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2023-12-11T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Mars Disappearing Solar Wind: MAVEN Visualizations", "description": "This data visualization depicts a period of decreased solar wind at Mars that occurred on December 25, 2022, causing the planet’s magnetosphere to expand outward. Ion velocity and density data collected by the MAVEN spacecraft is presented using a color-mapped satellite orbit tail and vectors along MAVEN’s orbit. || maven_solar_wind_comp.02715_print.jpg (1024x576) [84.4 KB] || maven_solar_wind_comp.02715_searchweb.png (320x180) [47.3 KB] || maven_solar_wind_comp.02715_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || maven_solar_wind_comp (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || maven_solar_wind_comp_2160p60.mp4 (3840x2160) [187.6 MB] || maven_solar_wind_comp_prores.mov (3840x2160) [10.1 GB] || ", "hits": 210 }, { "id": 14477, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14477/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2023-12-11T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "The Day the Solar Wind Disappeared from Mars", "description": "Learn about the “disappearance” of the solar wind at Mars that was witnessed by MAVEN – an event last seen nearly a quarter-century ago at Earth.Complete transcript available.Universal Production Music: “Space Museum” by Harry Gregson Williams [BMI], Atmosphere Music Ltd. [PRS]; “Currents and Crime Scenes” by Dylan Matthew Love and Harry Gregson Williams [BMI], Atmosphere Music Ltd. [PRS]Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_V4_print.jpg (1024x576) [142.7 KB] || MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_V4.jpg (1280x720) [459.3 KB] || MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_V4.png (1280x720) [800.2 KB] || MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_V4_searchweb.png (320x180) [69.9 KB] || MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_V4_thm.png (80x40) [6.5 KB] || 14477_MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_720.mp4 (1280x720) [43.4 MB] || 14477_MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [243.1 MB] || MavenSolarWindCaptionsV2.en_US.srt [3.8 KB] || MavenSolarWindCaptionsV2.en_US.vtt [3.6 KB] || 14477_MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_4K.mp4 (3840x2160) [3.0 GB] || 14477_MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_ProRes.mov (3840x2160) [20.7 GB] || ", "hits": 105 }, { "id": 5193, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5193/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2023-12-11T09:00:00-05:00", "title": "Geomagnetic Storm Causes Satellite Loss", "description": "In February 2022, a Coronal Mass Ejection led to 38 commercial satellites being lost. Solar plasma from a geomagnetic storm heated the atmosphere, causing denser gases to expand into the satellites’ orbit, which increased atmospheric drag on the satellites and caused them to de-orbit. Johns Hopkins APL-led Center for Geospace Storms (CGS) is building a Multiscale Atmosphere-Geospace Environment (MAGE) supercomputer model to predict space weather. The physics-based MAGE simulation reproduced the storm-time atmospheric density enhancement much better than empirical or standalone ionosphere-thermosphere models, emphasizing the need for fully-coupled whole-of-geospace models for predicting space weather events. || ", "hits": 1126 }, { "id": 13954, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13954/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2021-10-06T04:00:00-04:00", "title": "With NASA Data, Researchers Find Standing Waves at Edge of Earth’s Magnetic Bubble", "description": "Earth sails the solar system in a ship of its own making: the magnetosphere, the magnetic field that envelops and protects our planet. The celestial sea we find ourselves in is filled with charged particles flowing from the Sun, known as the solar wind. Just as ocean waves follow the wind, scientists expected that waves traveling along the magnetosphere should ripple in the direction of the solar wind. But a new study reveals some waves do just the opposite.Studying these magnetospheric waves, which transport energy, helps scientists understand the complicated ways that solar activity plays out in the space around Earth. Changing conditions in space driven by the Sun are known as space weather. That weather can impact our technology from communications satellites in orbit to power lines on the ground. “Understanding the boundaries of any system is a key problem,” said Martin Archer, a space physicist at Imperial College London who led the new study, published today in Nature Communications. “That’s how stuff gets in: energy, momentum, matter.” || ", "hits": 228 }, { "id": 20347, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20347/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2021-09-28T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Fast and Slow Solar Wind", "description": "These animations show how Earth’s magnetosphere responds as it encounters the slow and fast solar wind.The solar wind is a plasma made of ions and electrons that have escaped the Sun. The solar wind streams outwards in all directions, filling the spaces between the planets and carrying with it the Sun’s magnetic field. When the solar wind reaches Earth’s magnetosphere, the region of space surrounding our planet where Earth’s magnetic field is dominant, the magnetosphere can respond differently depending on the speed of the solar wind, as demonstrated here. || ", "hits": 280 }, { "id": 4934, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4934/", "result_type": "Infographic", "release_date": "2021-09-01T09:00:00-04:00", "title": "Explore Auroras", "description": "One-page poster version. || Aurora_Infographic_print.jpg (1024x1592) [691.3 KB] || Aurora_Infographic.jpg (3859x6000) [4.7 MB] || Infographics and source components explaining auroras.PDF versions suitable for printing are linked below. || Long poster version. || Aurora_Infographic_Skinny.jpg (1185x9000) [2.1 MB] || Aurora_Infographic_Skinny_print.jpg (1024x7832) [2.0 MB] || ", "hits": 130 }, { "id": 4922, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4922/", "result_type": "Infographic", "release_date": "2021-08-25T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Plasma Waves", "description": "Where various types of plasma waves are found in the magnetosphere. || PlasmaWavesGraphic_print.jpg (1024x788) [190.2 KB] || PlasmaWavesGraphic.png (3280x2527) [3.8 MB] || PlasmaWavesGraphic_searchweb.png (320x180) [50.1 KB] || PlasmaWavesGraphic_thm.png (80x40) [6.2 KB] || Locator graphic for plasma waves in the magnetosphere || ", "hits": 158 }, { "id": 4923, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4923/", "result_type": "Infographic", "release_date": "2021-08-25T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Space Weather Infographics", "description": "Space and earth-based impacts of space weather. || SpaceWeatherIllustration_print.jpg (1024x791) [154.3 KB] || SpaceWeatherIllustration.png (3300x2550) [2.5 MB] || SpaceWeatherIllustration_searchweb.png (320x180) [56.2 KB] || SpaceWeatherIllustration_thm.png (80x40) [6.2 KB] || Multiple infographics illustrating the science and impact of space weather. || ", "hits": 112 }, { "id": 13688, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13688/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2020-08-17T11:45:00-04:00", "title": "NASA Explores Earth's Magnetic \"Dent\"", "description": "Music: \"Now We Wait\" by Kamal David Kamruddin [PRS]This video can be freely shared and downloaded. While the video in its entirety can be shared without permission, some individual imagery provided by pond5.com and Artbeats is obtained through permission and may not be excised or remixed in other products. Specific details on stock footage may be found here. For more information on NASA’s media guidelines, visit https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/guidelines/index.html.Complete transcript available. || South_Atlantic_Anomaly_Still_2.jpg (1920x1080) [346.0 KB] || South_Atlantic_Anomaly_Still_2_print.jpg (1024x576) [139.2 KB] || South_Atlantic_Anomaly_Still_2_searchweb.png (320x180) [43.0 KB] || South_Atlantic_Anomaly_Still_2_web.png (320x180) [43.0 KB] || South_Atlantic_Anomaly_Still_2_thm.png (80x40) [4.8 KB] || 13688_South_Atlantic_Anomaly_Fine.mov (1920x1080) [2.6 GB] || 13688_South_Atlantic_Anomaly_Fine.webm (960x540) [65.7 MB] || 13688_South_Atlantic_Anomaly_Fine.mp4 (1920x1080) [292.9 MB] || 13688_South_Atlantic_Anomaly_Fine_lowres.mp4 (1280x720) [52.3 MB] || SAA.en_US.srt [3.5 KB] || SAA.en_US.vtt [3.5 KB] || ", "hits": 182 }, { "id": 13625, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13625/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "First Map of Mars Electric Currents", "description": "MAVEN data have enabled the first map of the electric current systems (blue and red arrows) that shape the induced magnetic field surrounding Mars.Credit: NASA/Goddard/MAVEN/CU Boulder/SVSUniversal Production Music: “A Lucid Dream” and “Shimmer Oscillations” by James Joshua OttoWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available. || MarsElectricCurrentsPreview6_print.jpg (1024x576) [305.8 KB] || MarsElectricCurrentsPreview6.jpg (1920x1080) [853.6 KB] || MarsElectricCurrentsPreview6_searchweb.png (320x180) [50.6 KB] || MarsElectricCurrentsPreview6_thm.png (80x40) [5.3 KB] || 13625_Mars_Electric_Currents_Twitter.mp4 (1280x720) [63.8 MB] || 13625_Mars_Electric_Currents_Facebook.mp4 (1920x1080) [359.1 MB] || 13625_Mars_Electric_Currents_YouTube.webm (3840x2160) [91.7 MB] || 13625_Mars_Electric_Currents_Captions.en_US.srt [7.2 KB] || 13625_Mars_Electric_Currents_Captions.en_US.vtt [6.8 KB] || 13625_Mars_Electric_Currents_YouTube.mp4 (3840x2160) [2.8 GB] || 13625_Mars_Electric_Currents_MASTER.mov (3840x2160) [14.2 GB] || 13625_Mars_Electric_Currents_Facebook.mp4.hwshow [134 bytes] || ", "hits": 116 }, { "id": 4824, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4824/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2020-05-25T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "MAVEN Observes Solar Particle Velocities and the Induced Magnetic Field", "description": "MAVEN orbits Mars and measures solar particle velocities and variations in the solar wind’s magnetic field. || maven_vels_magField.03000_print.jpg (1024x576) [92.5 KB] || maven_vels_magField.03000_searchweb.png (320x180) [63.5 KB] || maven_vels_magField.03000_thm.png (80x40) [4.2 KB] || maven_vels_magField_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [83.1 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || maven_vels_magField_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [19.0 MB] || 4824_MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Data_1080_30p.mov (1920x1080) [2.6 GB] || maven_vels_magField_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [193 bytes] || ", "hits": 93 }, { "id": 4825, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4825/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2020-05-25T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "MAVEN – Mars and Solar Wind Simulation", "description": "This simulation depicts the solar wind interacting with the Mars upper atmosphere, with MAVEN's orbit embedded. || maven_cme44.03600_print.jpg (1024x512) [253.9 KB] || maven_cme44.03600_searchweb.png (320x180) [92.7 KB] || maven_cme44.03600_thm.png (80x40) [5.2 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (2048x1024) [0 Item(s)] || maven_cme44_1024p30.webm (2048x1024) [5.9 MB] || maven_cme44_1024p30.mp4 (2048x1024) [195.1 MB] || maven_cme44_1024p30.mp4.hwshow [58 bytes] || ", "hits": 43 }, { "id": 13275, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13275/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2019-08-07T11:30:00-04:00", "title": "How NASA Will Protect Astronauts From Space Radiation", "description": "Today, the Apollo-era flares serve as a reminder of the threat of radiation exposure for technology and astronauts in space. Understanding and predicting solar eruptions is crucial for safe space exploration. Almost 50 years since those 1972 storms, the data, technology and resources available to NASA have improved, enabling advancements towards space weather forecasts and astronaut protection — key to NASA’s Artemis program to return astronauts to the Moon.", "hits": 282 }, { "id": 13155, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13155/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2019-03-27T15:30:00-04:00", "title": "Going Interstellar with TESS and Kepler", "description": "For the longest time, space seemed like just a big, nearly empty place. However, as we learned more about the universe around us, we discovered other planets orbiting our Sun, and even planets that orbit other stars trillions of miles away. In this video, discover how NASA has explored the space beyond Earth and our solar system with spacecraft like Voyagers 1 and 2, and how we’ve discovered thousands of planets outside of our solar system — also called exoplanets — with space telescopes like Kepler and TESS.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight CenterMusic: \"Virtual Memory\" from Killer TracksYouTube linkComplete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || TESS_Voyager_final_full_version_still.jpg (1920x1080) [506.3 KB] || TESS_Voyager_final_full_version_still_print.jpg (1024x576) [223.7 KB] || TESS_Voyager_final_full_version_still_searchweb.png (320x180) [101.1 KB] || TESS_Voyager_final_full_version_still_thm.png (80x40) [7.3 KB] || TESS_Voyager_final_full_version_prores.mov (1920x1080) [2.2 GB] || TESS_Voyager_final_full_version_HQ.mp4 (1920x1080) [412.1 MB] || TESS_Voyager_final_full_version_LQ.mp4 (1920x1080) [211.8 MB] || TESS_Voyager_final_full_version_prores.webm (1920x1080) [22.6 MB] || TESS_Voyager_final_full_version.en_US.srt [3.9 KB] || TESS_Voyager_final_full_version.en_US.vtt [4.0 KB] || ", "hits": 95 }, { "id": 13076, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13076/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2018-09-24T16:00:00-04:00", "title": "Grand Challenge-Cusp Graphics", "description": "GraphicNorth of Norway over the Norwegian and Greenland Seas, a magnetic bubble, known as the cusp, surrounds Earth and dips inward, allowing space particles to funnel in toward the planet.Credit: Andøya Space Center/Trond Abrahamsen || asc-earth-magnetosphere-to-scale_print.jpg (1024x619) [138.1 KB] || asc-earth-magnetosphere-to-scale.jpeg (5352x3240) [13.0 MB] || asc-earth-magnetosphere-to-scale_searchweb.png (320x180) [67.0 KB] || asc-earth-magnetosphere-to-scale_web.png (320x193) [71.7 KB] || asc-earth-magnetosphere-to-scale_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || ", "hits": 26 }, { "id": 4663, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4663/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2018-07-27T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth's Magnetosphere", "description": "A simple visualization of Earth's magnetosphere near the time of the equinox. || Earth_Equinox_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1000_print.jpg (1024x576) [139.2 KB] || Earth_Equinox_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1000_searchweb.png (320x180) [91.9 KB] || Earth_Equinox_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1000_thm.png (80x40) [6.1 KB] || Equinox_Dayside-noglyph (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Earth_Equinox_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [13.0 MB] || Earth_Equinox_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [240.4 MB] || Equinox_Dayside-noglyph (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || Earth_Equinox_Dayside_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [642.0 MB] || Earth_Equinox_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [199 bytes] || ", "hits": 231 }, { "id": 4664, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4664/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2018-07-27T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Jupiter's Magnetosphere", "description": "Jupiter's magnetosphere - a basic view. || Jupiter_JupiterBasic_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1000_print.jpg (1024x576) [245.3 KB] || Jupiter_JupiterBasic_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1000_searchweb.png (320x180) [132.5 KB] || Jupiter_JupiterBasic_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1000_thm.png (80x40) [8.3 KB] || JupiterBasic-noglyph (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Jupiter_JupiterBasic_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [32.8 MB] || Jupiter_JupiterBasic_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [406.6 MB] || JupiterBasic-noglyph (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || Jupiter_JupiterBasic_Dayside_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [984.8 MB] || Jupiter_JupiterBasic_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [206 bytes] || ", "hits": 256 }, { "id": 4665, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4665/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2018-07-27T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Saturn's Magnetosphere", "description": "A basic view of Saturn's magnetosphere. || Saturn_SaturnBasic_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_print.jpg (1024x576) [186.2 KB] || Saturn_SaturnBasic_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_searchweb.png (320x180) [107.8 KB] || Saturn_SaturnBasic_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_thm.png (80x40) [7.1 KB] || SaturnBasic-noglyph (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Saturn_SaturnBasic_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [22.1 MB] || Saturn_SaturnBasic_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [365.5 MB] || SaturnBasic-noglyph (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || Saturn_SaturnBasic_Dayside_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [938.9 MB] || Saturn_SaturnBasic_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow || ", "hits": 139 }, { "id": 4666, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4666/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2018-07-27T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Uranus' Magnetosphere", "description": "A basic view of the Uranian magnetosphere when the rotation axis is perpendicular to the Uranus-Sun line and days and nights are of equal duration. || Uranus_UranusEquinox_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_print.jpg (1024x576) [197.1 KB] || Uranus_UranusEquinox_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_searchweb.png (320x180) [107.3 KB] || Uranus_UranusEquinox_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_thm.png (80x40) [6.8 KB] || UranusEquinox-noglyph (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Uranus_UranusEquinox_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [20.9 MB] || Uranus_UranusEquinox_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [308.1 MB] || UranusEquinox-noglyph (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || Uranus_UranusEquinox_Dayside_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [758.5 MB] || Uranus_UranusEquinox_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [206 bytes] || ", "hits": 122 }, { "id": 4667, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4667/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2018-07-27T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Neptune's Magnetosphere", "description": "A basic view of the Neptunian magnetosphere when the southern side of the rotation axis is directed sunward (southern summer) || Neptune_NeptuneSouthSummer_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_print.jpg (1024x576) [195.5 KB] || Neptune_NeptuneSouthSummer_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_searchweb.png (320x180) [108.2 KB] || Neptune_NeptuneSouthSummer_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_thm.png (80x40) [6.8 KB] || NeptuneSouthSummer-noglyph (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Neptune_NeptuneSouthSummer_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [21.4 MB] || Neptune_NeptuneSouthSummer_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [328.8 MB] || NeptuneSouthSummer-noglyph (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || Neptune_NeptuneSouthSummer_Dayside_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [820.2 MB] || Neptune_NeptuneSouthSummer_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [212 bytes] || ", "hits": 242 }, { "id": 12901, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12901/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2018-05-09T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA Spacecraft Finds New Magnetic Process in Turbulent Space", "description": "Though close to home, the space immediately around Earth is full of hidden secrets and invisible processes. In a new discovery reported in the journal Nature, scientists working with NASA’s Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft — MMS — have uncovered a new type of magnetic event in our near-Earth environment by using an innovative technique to squeeze extra information out of the data.Magnetic reconnection is one of the most important processes in the space — filled with charged particles known as plasma — around Earth. This fundamental process dissipates magnetic energy and propels charged particles, both of which contribute to a dynamic space weather system that scientists want to better understand, and even someday predict, as we do terrestrial weather. Reconnection occurs when crossed magnetic field lines snap, explosively flinging away nearby particles at high speeds. The new discovery found reconnection where it has never been seen before — in turbulent plasma. || ", "hits": 72 }, { "id": 13007, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13007/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2018-04-11T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Jupiter Magnetic Tour", "description": "Take a tour of Jupiter's dynamo, the source of its giant magnetic field, in this new global map from the Juno mission. Watch this video on the NASA.gov Video YouTube channel. || JupiterMagneticTourSmall.mp4 (1920x1080) [71.9 MB] || JupiterMagneticTourPreview.jpg (3840x2160) [1.2 MB] || JupiterMagneticTourPreview_searchweb.png (320x180) [57.0 KB] || JupiterMagneticTourPreview_thm.png (80x40) [3.5 KB] || JupiterMagneticTourProRes.webm (960x540) [28.4 MB] || JupiterMagneticTour1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [193.9 MB] || Foreground_Jupiter_Frames (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || Background_Star_Frames (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || JupiterMagneticTour4k.mp4 (3840x2160) [492.1 MB] || JupiterMagneticTourProRes.mov (3840x2160) [4.1 GB] || ", "hits": 339 }, { "id": 4595, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4595/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-11-27T10:00:00-05:00", "title": "Mapping Particle Injections in Earth's Magnetosphere", "description": "A view from above the northern hemisphere of particle injection propagation constructed from their respective satellite detections. Distinct injections, and their detection by satellites, are represented by different colors. || MagnetosphereMultiMission.top.GSE.AU.clockSlate_EarthTarget.HD1080i.01200_print.jpg (1024x576) [115.4 KB] || MagnetosphereMultiMission.top.GSE.AU.clockSlate_EarthTarget.HD1080i.01200_searchweb.png (320x180) [82.7 KB] || MagnetosphereMultiMission.top.GSE.AU.clockSlate_EarthTarget.HD1080i.01200_thm.png (80x40) [6.3 KB] || TopView (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || MagnetosphereMultiMission.top.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [29.7 MB] || MagnetosphereMultiMission.top.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [6.1 MB] || TopView (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || MagnetosphereMultiMission.top.UHD3840_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [93.0 MB] || MagnetosphereMultiMission.top.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [207 bytes] || ", "hits": 38 }, { "id": 4143, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4143/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-07-12T10:01:00-04:00", "title": "Saturn's Magnetosphere", "description": "Earth's magnetic field creates a 'bubble' around Earth that helps protect our planet from some of the more harmful effects of energetic particles streaming out from the sun in the solar wind. Some of the earliest hints of this interaction go back to the 1850s with the work of Richard Carrington, and in the early 1900s with the work of Kristian Birkeland and Carl Stormer. That this field might form a type of 'bubble' around Earth was hypothesized by Sidney Chapman and Vincent Ferraro in the 1930s. The term 'magnetosphere' was applied to magnetic bubble by Thomas Gold in 1959. But it wasn't until the Space Age, when we sent the first probes to other planets, that we found clear evidence of their magnetic fields (though there were hints of a magnetic field for Jupiter in the 1950s, due to observations from radio telescopes). The Voyager program , two spacecraft launched in 1977, and successors to the Pioneer 10 and 11 missions, completed flybys of the giant outer planets. They became the implementation of the 'Grand Tour' of the outer planets originally proposed in the late 1960s. The Voyagers provided some of the first detailed measurments of the strength, extent and diversity of the magnetospheres of the outer planets.In these visualizations, we present simplified models of these planetary magnetospheres, designed to illustrate their scale, and basic features of their structure and impacts of the magnetic axes offset from the planetary rotation axes. For these visualizations, the magnetic field structure is represented by gold/copper lines. Some additional glyphs are provided to indicate some key directions in the field model.The Yellow arrow points towards the sun. The magnetotail is pointed in the opposite direction.The Cyan arrow represents the magnetic axis, usually tilted relative to the rotation axis. The arrow indicates the NORTH magnetic pole (convention has field lines moving north to south as the north pole of bar magnet (and compass pointer) points to the south magnetic pole).The Blue arrow represents the north rotation axis. It is part of the 3-D axis glyph (red, green, and blue arrows) included to make the planetary rotation more apparent.The semi-transparent grey mesh in the distance represents the boundary of the magnetosphere.Major satellites of the planetary system are also included. When appropriate for the time window of the visualization, the Voyager flyby trajectories are indicated.The models are constructed by combining the fields of a simple magnetic dipole, a current sheet (whose intensity is tuned match the scale of the magnetotail), and occasionally a ring current. This is a variation of the simple Luhmann-Friesen magnetosphere model. They are meant to be representative of the basic characteristics of the planetary magnetic fields. Some features NOT included are longitudes of magnetic poles to a standard planetary coordinate system and offsets of the dipole center from the planetary center. ReferencesT. Gold, Motions in the Magnetosphere of the EarthLuhmann & Friesen, A simple model of the magnetosphereLASP: Polarity of planetary magnetic fieldsWikipedia: The Solar Storm of 1859Wikipedia: Kristian BirkelandWikipedia: Carl StørmerSpecial thanks to Arik Posner (NASA/HQ) and Gina DiBraccio (UMBC/GSFC) for helpful pointers on orientation of planetary rotation and magnetic axes. || ", "hits": 110 }, { "id": 4141, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4141/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-07-12T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth's Magnetosphere", "description": "Earth's magnetic field creates a 'bubble' around Earth that helps protect our planet from some of the more harmful effects of energetic particles streaming out from the sun in the solar wind. Some of the earliest hints of this interaction go back to the 1850s with the work of Richard Carrington, and in the early 1900s with the work of Kristian Birkeland and Carl Stormer. That this field might form a type of 'bubble' around Earth was hypothesized by Sidney Chapman and Vincent Ferraro in the 1930s. The term 'magnetosphere' was applied to magnetic bubble by Thomas Gold in 1959. But it wasn't until the Space Age, when we sent the first probes to other planets, that we found clear evidence of their magnetic fields (though there were hints of a magnetic field for Jupiter in the 1950s, due to observations from radio telescopes). The Voyager program , two spacecraft launched in 1977, and successors to the Pioneer 10 and 11 missions, completed flybys of the giant outer planets. They became the implementation of the 'Grand Tour' of the outer planets originally proposed in the late 1960s. The Voyagers provided some of the first detailed measurments of the strength, extent and diversity of the magnetospheres of the outer planets.In these visualizations, we present simplified models of these planetary magnetospheres, designed to illustrate their scale, and basic features of their structure and impacts of the magnetic axes offset from the planetary rotation axes. For this Earth visualization, note that the north magnetic pole points out of the southern hemisphere.For these visualizations, the magnetic field structure is represented by gold/copper lines. Some additional glyphs are provided to indicate some key directions in the field model.The Yellow arrow points towards the sun. The magnetotail is pointed in the opposite direction.The Cyan arrow represents the magnetic axis, usually tilted relative to the rotation axis. The arrow indicates the NORTH magnetic pole (convention has field lines moving north to south as the north pole of bar magnet (and compass pointer) points to the south magnetic pole).The Blue arrow represents the north rotation axis. It is part of the 3-D axis glyph (red, green, and blue arrows) included to make the planetary rotation more apparent.The semi-transparent grey mesh in the distance represents the boundary of the magnetosphere.Major satellites of the planetary system are also included. When appropriate for the time window of the visualization, the Voyager flyby trajectories are indicated.The models are constructed by combining the fields of a simple magnetic dipole, a current sheet (whose intensity is tuned match the scale of the magnetotail), and occasionally a ring current. This is a variation of the simple Luhmann-Friesen magnetosphere model. They are meant to be representative of the basic characteristics of the planetary magnetic fields. Some features NOT included are longitudes of magnetic poles to a standard planetary coordinate system and offsets of the dipole center from the planetary center. ReferencesT. Gold, Motions in the Magnetosphere of the EarthLuhmann and Friesen, A simple model of the magnetosphereLASP: Polarity of planetary magnetic fieldsWikipedia: The Solar Storm of 1859Wikipedia: Kristian BirkelandWikipedia: Carl StørmerSpecial thanks to Arik Posner (NASA/HQ) and Gina DiBraccio (UMBC/GSFC) for helpful pointers on orientation of planetary rotation and magnetic axes. || ", "hits": 217 }, { "id": 4142, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4142/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-07-12T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Jupiter's Magnetosphere", "description": "Earth's magnetic field creates a 'bubble' around Earth that helps protect our planet from some of the more harmful effects of energetic particles streaming out from the sun in the solar wind. Some of the earliest hints of this interaction go back to the 1850s with the work of Richard Carrington, and in the early 1900s with the work of Kristian Birkeland and Carl Stormer. That this field might form a type of 'bubble' around Earth was hypothesized by Sidney Chapman and Vincent Ferraro in the 1930s. The term 'magnetosphere' was applied to magnetic bubble by Thomas Gold in 1959. But it wasn't until the Space Age, when we sent the first probes to other planets, that we found clear evidence of their magnetic fields (though there were hints of a magnetic field for Jupiter in the 1950s, due to observations from radio telescopes). The Voyager program , two spacecraft launched in 1977, and successors to the Pioneer 10 and 11 missions, completed flybys of the giant outer planets. They became the implementation of the 'Grand Tour' of the outer planets originally proposed in the late 1960s. The Voyagers provided some of the first detailed measurments of the strength, extent and diversity of the magnetospheres of the outer planets.In these visualizations, we present simplified models of these planetary magnetospheres, designed to illustrate their scale, and basic features of their structure and impacts of the magnetic axes offset from the planetary rotation axes. The volcanic activity on Jupiter's moon Io launches a large amount of sulfur-based compounds along its orbit, which is subsequently ionized by solar ultraviolet radiation. This is represented in the visualization by the yellowish structure along the orbit of Io. This creates a plasma torus and ring current around Jupiter, which alters the planet's magnetic field, forming some of the perturbations in Jupiter's magnetic field along the orbit of Io.For these visualizations, the magnetic field structure is represented by gold/copper lines. Some additional glyphs are provided to indicate some key directions in the field model.The Yellow arrow points towards the sun. The magnetotail is pointed in the opposite direction.The Cyan arrow represents the magnetic axis, usually tilted relative to the rotation axis. The arrow indicates the NORTH magnetic pole (convention has field lines moving north to south as the north pole of bar magnet (and compass pointer) points to the south magnetic pole).The Blue arrow represents the north rotation axis. It is part of the 3-D axis glyph (red, green, and blue arrows) included to make the planetary rotation more apparent.The semi-transparent grey mesh in the distance represents the boundary of the magnetosphere.Major satellites of the planetary system are also included. When appropriate for the time window of the visualization, the Voyager flyby trajectories are indicated.The models are constructed by combining the fields of a simple magnetic dipole, a current sheet (whose intensity is tuned match the scale of the magnetotail), and occasionally a ring current. This is a variation of the simple Luhmann-Friesen magnetosphere model. They are meant to be representative of the basic characteristics of the planetary magnetic fields. Some features NOT included are longitudes of magnetic poles to a standard planetary coordinate system and offsets of the dipole center from the planetary center. ReferencesT. Gold, Motions in the Magnetosphere of the EarthLuhmann and Friesen, A simple model of the magnetosphereLASP: Polarity of planetary magnetic fieldsWikipedia: The Solar Storm of 1859Wikipedia: Kristian BirkelandWikipedia: Carl StørmerSpecial thanks to Arik Posner (NASA/HQ) and Gina DiBraccio (UMBC/GSFC) for helpful pointers on orientation of planetary rotation and magnetic axes. || ", "hits": 292 }, { "id": 4144, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4144/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-07-12T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Uranus' Magnetosphere", "description": "Earth's magnetic field creates a 'bubble' around Earth that helps protect our planet from some of the more harmful effects of energetic particles streaming out from the sun in the solar wind. Some of the earliest hints of this interaction go back to the 1850s with the work of Richard Carrington, and in the early 1900s with the work of Kristian Birkeland and Carl Stormer. That this field might form a type of 'bubble' around Earth was hypothesized by Sidney Chapman and Vincent Ferraro in the 1930s. The term 'magnetosphere' was applied to magnetic bubble by Thomas Gold in 1959. But it wasn't until the Space Age, when we sent the first probes to other planets, that we found clear evidence of their magnetic fields (though there were hints of a magnetic field for Jupiter in the 1950s, due to observations from radio telescopes). The Voyager program , two spacecraft launched in 1977, and successors to the Pioneer 10 and 11 missions, completed flybys of the giant outer planets. They became the implementation of the 'Grand Tour' of the outer planets originally proposed in the late 1960s. The Voyagers provided some of the first detailed measurments of the strength, extent and diversity of the magnetospheres of the outer planets.In these visualizations, we present simplified models of these planetary magnetospheres, designed to illustrate their scale, and basic features of their structure and impacts of the magnetic axes offset from the planetary rotation axes. The rotation axis of Uranus is tilted over ninety degrees relative to the revolution axis of the solar system, placing it roughly in the plane of the solar system. In addition, the magnetic axis has a large tilt relative to the rotation axis. These effects combine to not only give Uranus a more a more variable magnetosphere, but suggest the planet's magnetic field may be generated by a different mechanism than that of Earth, Jupiter and Saturn.For these visualizations, the magnetic field structure is represented by gold/copper lines. Some additional glyphs are provided to indicate some key directions in the field model.The Yellow arrow points towards the sun. The magnetotail is pointed in the opposite direction.The Cyan arrow represents the magnetic axis, usually tilted relative to the rotation axis. The arrow indicates the NORTH magnetic pole (convention has field lines moving north to south as the north pole of bar magnet (and compass pointer) points to the south magnetic pole).The Blue arrow represents the north rotation axis. It is part of the 3-D axis glyph (red, green, and blue arrows) included to make the planetary rotation more apparent.The semi-transparent grey mesh in the distance represents the boundary of the magnetosphere.Major satellites of the planetary system are also included. When appropriate for the time window of the visualization, the Voyager flyby trajectories are indicated.The models are constructed by combining the fields of a simple magnetic dipole, a current sheet (whose intensity is tuned match the scale of the magnetotail), and occasionally a ring current. This is a variation of the simple Luhmann-Friesen magnetosphere model. They are meant to be representative of the basic characteristics of the planetary magnetic fields. Some features NOT included are longitudes of magnetic poles to a standard planetary coordinate system and offsets of the dipole center from the planetary center. ReferencesT. Gold, Motions in the Magnetosphere of the EarthLuhmann & Friesen, A simple model of the magnetosphereMagnetic reconnection at Uranus' magnetopauseLASP: Polarity of planetary magnetic fieldsWikipedia: The Solar Storm of 1859Wikipedia: Kristian BirkelandWikipedia: Carl StørmerSpecial thanks to Arik Posner (NASA/HQ) and Gina DiBraccio (UMBC/GSFC) for helpful pointers on orientation of planetary rotation and magnetic axes. || ", "hits": 474 }, { "id": 4145, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4145/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-07-12T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Neptune's Magnetosphere", "description": "Earth's magnetic field creates a 'bubble' around Earth that helps protect our planet from some of the more harmful effects of energetic particles streaming out from the sun in the solar wind. Some of the earliest hints of this interaction go back to the 1850s with the work of Richard Carrington, and in the early 1900s with the work of Kristian Birkeland and Carl Stormer. That this field might form a type of 'bubble' around Earth was hypothesized by Sidney Chapman and Vincent Ferraro in the 1930s. The term 'magnetosphere' was applied to magnetic bubble by Thomas Gold in 1959. But it wasn't until the Space Age, when we sent the first probes to other planets, that we found clear evidence of their magnetic fields (though there were hints of a magnetic field for Jupiter in the 1950s, due to observations from radio telescopes). The Voyager program , two spacecraft launched in 1977, and successors to the Pioneer 10 and 11 missions, completed flybys of the giant outer planets. They became the implementation of the 'Grand Tour' of the outer planets originally proposed in the late 1960s. The Voyagers provided some of the first detailed measurments of the strength, extent and diversity of the magnetospheres of the outer planets.In these visualizations, we present simplified models of these planetary magnetospheres, designed to illustrate their scale, and basic features of their structure and impacts of the magnetic axes offset from the planetary rotation axes. The rotation axis of Neptune is highly tilted relative to the revolution axis of the solar system, but nowhere near as extreme as Uranus. It's magnetic axis also has a large tilt relative to the rotation axis. These effects combine to not only give Uranus a more a more variable magnetosphere, but suggest the planet's magnetic field may be generated by a different mechanism than that of Earth, Jupiter and Saturn.For these visualizations, the magnetic field structure is represented by gold/copper lines. Some additional glyphs are provided to indicate some key directions in the field model.The Yellow arrow points towards the sun. The magnetotail is pointed in the opposite direction.The Cyan arrow represents the magnetic axis, usually tilted relative to the rotation axis. The arrow indicates the NORTH magnetic pole (convention has field lines moving north to south as the north pole of bar magnet (and compass pointer) points to the south magnetic pole).The Blue arrow represents the north rotation axis. It is part of the 3-D axis glyph (red, green, and blue arrows) included to make the planetary rotation more apparent.The semi-transparent grey mesh in the distance represents the boundary of the magnetosphere.Major satellites of the planetary system are also included. When appropriate for the time window of the visualization, the Voyager flyby trajectories are indicated.The models are constructed by combining the fields of a simple magnetic dipole, a current sheet (whose intensity is tuned match the scale of the magnetotail), and occasionally a ring current. This is a variation of the simple Luhmann-Friesen magnetosphere model. They are meant to be representative of the basic characteristics of the planetary magnetic fields. Some features NOT included are longitudes of magnetic poles to a standard planetary coordinate system and offsets of the dipole center from the planetary center. ReferencesT. Gold, Motions in the Magnetosphere of the EarthLuhmann & Friesen, A simple model of the magnetosphereMagnetic reconnection at Neptune's magnetopauseLASP: Polarity of planetary magnetic fieldsWikipedia: The Solar Storm of 1859Wikipedia: Kristian BirkelandWikipedia: Carl StørmerSpecial thanks to Arik Posner (NASA/HQ) and Gina DiBraccio (UMBC/GSFC) for helpful pointers on orientation of planetary rotation and magnetic axes. || ", "hits": 316 }, { "id": 4560, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4560/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-03-31T09:00:00-04:00", "title": "Alfvén Waves - Basic", "description": "Alfven waves represented by undulation in the magnetic field vector. || AlfvenWaveBasic_staticXwide_inertial.HD1080i.0300_print.jpg (1024x576) [158.5 KB] || AlfvenWaveBasic_staticXwide_inertial.HD1080i.0300_thm.png (80x40) [4.6 KB] || AlfvenWaveBasic_staticXwide_inertial.HD1080i.0300_web.png (320x180) [71.9 KB] || WavesOnly (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || AlfvenWaveBasic_staticXwide.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [34.0 MB] || AlfvenWaveBasic_staticXwide.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [4.9 MB] || ", "hits": 503 }, { "id": 4561, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4561/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-03-31T09:00:00-04:00", "title": "Alfvén Waves - Kinetic", "description": "Kinetic Alfven waves represented by undulation in the magnetic field vector. || AlfvenWaveKinetic_staticXwide_inertial.HD1080i.0300_print.jpg (1024x576) [155.7 KB] || WavesOnly (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || AlfvenWaveKinetic_staticXwide.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [37.9 MB] || AlfvenWaveKinetic_staticXwide.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [4.9 MB] || ", "hits": 139 }, { "id": 4549, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4549/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-02-09T10:00:00-05:00", "title": "MMS Phase 2b: Transitioning to Magnetosphere Science on the Darkside", "description": "Visualization of the spacecraft orbit transition from apogee at the dayside magnetopause to the nightside magnetopause. || MMSPhase2b_Pole_Jan2May2017_RE_GSE.slate_GSEtour.UHD3840.3660_print.jpg (1024x576) [103.1 KB] || MMSPhase2b_Pole_Jan2May2017_RE_GSE.slate_GSEtour.UHD3840.3660_searchweb.png (320x180) [72.9 KB] || MMSPhase2b_Pole_Jan2May2017_RE_GSE.slate_GSEtour.UHD3840.3660_thm.png (80x40) [5.2 KB] || MMSPhase2b_Pole_Jan2May2017_Fast.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [23.0 MB] || FastVersion (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || MMSPhase2b_Pole_Jan2May2017_Fast.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [140.4 MB] || FastVersion (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || MMSPhase2b_Pole_Jan2May2017.UHD3840_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [449.6 MB] || MMSPhase2b_Pole_Jan2May2017_Fast.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [210 bytes] || ", "hits": 28 }, { "id": 12296, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12296/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2016-06-29T09:00:00-04:00", "title": "Exploring Jupiter's Magnetic Field", "description": "NASA is sending the Juno spacecraft to peer beneath the cloudy surface of Jupiter. Juno's twin magnetometers, built at Goddard Space Flight Center, will give scientists their first look at the dynamo that drives Jupiter's vast magnetic field. Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available. || JupiterMagnetometerPreview.jpg (1920x1080) [591.9 KB] || JupiterMagnetometerPreview_searchweb.png (320x180) [118.7 KB] || JupiterMagnetometerPreview_thm.png (80x40) [8.0 KB] || 12296_Juno_Magnetometer_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [159.8 MB] || WEBM_12296_Juno_Magnetometer_APR.webm (960x540) [124.4 MB] || 12296_Juno_Magnetometer_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [159.9 MB] || LARGE_MP4_12296_Juno_Magnetometer_APR_large.mp4 (1920x1080) [311.4 MB] || 12296_Juno_Magnetometer_APR_Output.en_US.srt [6.2 KB] || 12296_Juno_Magnetometer_APR_Output.en_US.vtt [6.2 KB] || 12296_Juno_Magnetometer_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [53.1 MB] || 12296_Juno_Magnetometer_APR.mov (1920x1080) [4.1 GB] || ", "hits": 209 }, { "id": 4333, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4333/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-07-29T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "MMS Spacecraft Transition to Tetrahedral Flying Formation", "description": "This movie illustrates two orbits of the four MMS spacecraft. || Helio2015A.MMSPursuit.fieldlines_RigRHS.HD1080i.0570_print.jpg (1024x576) [111.7 KB] || Helio2015A.MMSPursuit.fieldlines_RigRHS.HD1080i.0570_searchweb.png (320x180) [72.4 KB] || Helio2015A.MMSPursuit.fieldlines_RigRHS.HD1080i.0570_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Helio2015A.MMSPursuit.fieldlines.HD1080.webm (1920x1080) [5.8 MB] || Helio2015A_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [79.2 MB] || Helio2015A.MMSPursuit.fieldlines.HD1080.mov (1920x1080) [313.6 MB] || ", "hits": 60 }, { "id": 11798, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11798/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-03-12T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "MMS Pre-launch Live Shots", "description": "MMS Roll Ins || MMS_Roll_Ins.frame741.png (1280x720) [655.3 KB] || MMS_Roll_Ins.frame741_searchweb.png (320x180) [55.2 KB] || MMS_Roll_Ins.mov (1280x720) [2.1 GB] || MMS_Roll_Ins.webmhd.webm (1280x720) [36.6 MB] || ", "hits": 73 }, { "id": 4279, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4279/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-03-11T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Magnetospheric Reconnection - July 2012", "description": "Profile view of magnetosphere. Density data slice in x-z plane. || Earth_Reconnect-July2012mII_Profile.noslate_GSEmove.HD1080i.0818_print.jpg (1024x576) [135.8 KB] || Earth_Reconnect-July2012mII_Profile.HD1080.mov (1920x1080) [377.5 MB] || Profile (1920x1080) [256.0 KB] || Earth_Reconnect-July2012mII_Profile_HD1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [141.3 MB] || Earth_Reconnect-July2012mII_Profile.HD1080.webm (1920x1080) [11.3 MB] || ", "hits": 86 }, { "id": 11801, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11801/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-03-11T09:45:00-04:00", "title": "Goddard's Speedy MMS Instruments Will Measure Mysterious Physics", "description": "MMS Fast Plasma InvestigationHost Katrina Jackson talks with Craig Pollock and Ulrik Gliese about Goddard's contribution to the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission - the Fast Plasma Investigation suite of instruments. These instruments will study a little-understood physics phenomenon known as magnetic reconnection, which is common throughout the universe and affects space weather in Earth's magnetosphere. Watch the video on NASA Explorer. For complete transcript, click here. || MMS_FPI_thumbnail_print.jpg (1024x577) [129.0 KB] || MMS_FPI_thumbnail.png (1407x793) [1.3 MB] || MMS_FPI_thumbnail_thm.png (80x40) [9.9 KB] || MMS_FPI_thumbnail_web.png (320x180) [100.1 KB] || MMS_FPI_thumbnail_searchweb.png (320x180) [100.1 KB] || G2015-003_MMS_FPI_MASTER_youtube_hq.mov (1280x720) [299.8 MB] || G2015-003_MMS_FPI_MASTER_appletv_subtitles.m4v (960x540) [105.8 MB] || G2015-003_MMS_FPI_MASTER_appletv.m4v (960x540) [105.9 MB] || G2015-003_MMS_FPI_MASTER_prores.mov (1280x720) [3.7 GB] || G2015-003_MMS_FPI_MASTER_1280x720.wmv (1280x720) [122.7 MB] || G2015-003_MMS_FPI_MASTER_720x480.webm (720x480) [28.1 MB] || G2015-003_MMS_FPI_MASTER_ipod_lg.m4v (640x360) [41.8 MB] || G2015-003_MMS_FPI_MASTER_720x480.wmv (720x480) [114.2 MB] || MMS_FPI_captions.en_US.srt [5.3 KB] || MMS_FPI_captions.en_US.vtt [5.3 KB] || G2015-003_MMS_FPI_MASTER_nasaportal.mov (640x360) [103.0 MB] || G2015-003_MMS_FPI_MASTER_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [22.6 MB] || ", "hits": 25 }, { "id": 11780, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11780/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-02-25T14:30:00-05:00", "title": "MMS Prelaunch Press Briefing", "description": "On March 12 from Cape Canaveral Florida, NASA is scheduled to launch the Magnetospheric Multiscale, or MMS, mission, which will provide unprecedented detail on a phenomenon called magnetic reconnection. The process of reconnection involves the explosive release of energy when the magnetic fields around Earth connect and disconnect. These fields help protect Earth from harmful effects of solar storms and cosmic rays. Magnetic reconnection also occurs throughout the universe and can accelerate particles up to nearly the speed of light.By studying reconnection in this local, natural laboratory, MMS helps us understand reconnection elsewhere as well, such as in the atmosphere of the Sun and other stars, in the vicinity of black holes and neutron stars, and at the boundary between our solar system’s heliosphere and interstellar space.MMS consists of four identical observatories that will provide the first three-dimensional view of magnetic reconnection. The four MMS observatories will fly through reconnection regions in a tight formation in well under a second, so key sensors on each spacecraft are designed to measure the space environment at rates faster than any previous mission.For additional visuals regarding the MMS mission and science, please see our MMS Pre-launch Gallery. || ", "hits": 12 }, { "id": 10204, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10204/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-02-18T11:30:00-05:00", "title": "MMS Mission Overview", "description": "Watch this video on the NASAexplorer YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here. || missionoverview_print.jpg (1024x576) [146.3 KB] || missionoverview.jpg (1280x720) [125.0 KB] || missionoverview_thm.png (80x40) [16.6 KB] || missionoverview_web.png (320x180) [72.7 KB] || missionoverview_searchweb.png (320x180) [72.7 KB] || missionoverview_web.jpg (320x180) [28.5 KB] || G2014-103_MMS_Mission_OverviewMASTER_appletv.webm (960x540) [31.6 MB] || G2014-103_MMS_Mission_OverviewMASTER_appletv_subtitles.m4v (960x540) [117.8 MB] || G2014-103_MMS_Mission_OverviewMASTER_youtube_hq.mov (1280x720) [183.1 MB] || G2014-103_MMS_Mission_OverviewMASTER_appletv.m4v (960x540) [117.9 MB] || G2014-103_MMS_Mission_OverviewMASTER_1280x720.wmv (1280x720) [136.2 MB] || G2014-103_MMS_Mission_OverviewMASTER_ipod_lg.m4v (640x360) [47.2 MB] || G2014-103_MMS_Mission_OverviewMASTER.en_US.vtt [5.6 KB] || G2014-103_MMS_Mission_OverviewMASTER.en_US.srt [5.6 KB] || G2014-103_MMS_Mission_OverviewMASTER_nasaportal.mov (640x360) [109.7 MB] || G2014-103_MMS_Mission_OverviewMASTER_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [25.0 MB] || G2014-103_MMS_Mission_OverviewMASTER_prores.mov (1280x720) [4.3 GB] || ", "hits": 128 }, { "id": 11251, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11251/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-12-10T10:00:00-05:00", "title": "MMS Science Overview: The Mysteries of MMS", "description": "Scientists Michael Hesse and John Dorelli explain the science objectives of the MMS mission. || MMSSciOvThumb720.jpg (1280x720) [60.9 KB] || MMSSciOvThumb720_print.jpg (1024x576) [79.2 KB] || MMSSciOvThumb720_thm.png (80x40) [17.9 KB] || MMSSciOvThumb720_web.png (320x180) [67.2 KB] || MMSSciOvThumb720_searchweb.png (320x180) [67.2 KB] || MMSSciOvThumb720_web.jpg (320x180) [27.4 KB] || G2014-011_MMS_Science_OverviewMASTERV4_720x480.webmhd.webm (960x540) [35.1 MB] || G2014-011_MMS_Science_OverviewMASTERV4_appletv_subtitles.m4v (960x540) [104.8 MB] || G2014-011_MMS_Science_OverviewMASTERV4_appletv.m4v (960x540) [104.9 MB] || G2014-011_MMS_Science_OverviewMASTERV4_1280x720.wmv (1280x720) [117.5 MB] || G2014-011_MMS_Science_OverviewMASTERV4_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [217.4 MB] || G2014-011_MMS_Science_OverviewMASTERV4_ipod_lg.m4v (640x360) [41.6 MB] || G2014-011_MMS_Science_OverviewMASTERV4.en_US.vtt [5.8 KB] || G2014-011_MMS_Science_OverviewMASTERV4.en_US.srt [5.8 KB] || G2014-011_MMS_Science_OverviewMASTERV4_720x480.wmv (720x480) [84.9 MB] || G2014-011_MMS_Science_OverviewMASTERV4_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [22.2 MB] || G2014-011_MMS_Science_OverviewMASTERV4_prores.mov (1280x720) [3.4 GB] || ", "hits": 137 }, { "id": 20214, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20214/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2014-10-06T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "MMS Launch and Deployment", "description": "This animation follows Magnetosphere Multiscale(MMS) Mission from launch at Kennedy Space Center through deployment and on station doing science. The MMS mission is comprising four identically instrumented spacecraft that will use Earth’s magnetosphere as a laboratory to study the microphysics of three fundamental plasma processes: magnetic reconnection, energetic particle acceleration, and turbulence. || ", "hits": 18 }, { "id": 4188, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4188/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-09-25T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Comparative Magnetospheres: A Noteworthy Coronal Mass Ejection", "description": "In an effort to understand and predict the impact of space weather events on Earth, the Community-Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, routinely runs computer models of the many historical events. These model runs are then compared to actual data to determine ways to improve the model, and therefore forecasts of the impacts of future space weather events.In mid-December of 2006, the Sun erupted with a bright flare and coronal mass ejection (CME) that launched particles Earthward. While not the brightest or largest event observed, its impact on Earth was substantial, requiring some effort to protect satellites (ESA: Reacting to a solar flare).The visualization presented here is a CCMC run of a BATS-R-US model simulating the impact of this event on Earth. Here, lines are used to represent the 'flow direction' of magnetic field of the solar wind impacting Earth, as well as the effects on Earth's geomagnetic field. A 'cut-plane' through the data illustrates the changes in the particle density in the solar wind and magnetosphere. The color of the data represents a logarithmic scaling of density, with red as the highest (1000 particles per cubic centimeter) down to blue (0.01 particles per cubic centimeter). In this simulation, each frame of the movie corresponds to two minutes of real time.In the movie, we see vertical field lines of magnetic field carried by the solar wind, coming in from the left. As this field, and the plasma carrying it, strike Earth's magnetic field, they bend and reconnect, around the Earth. Some field lines actually reconnect to the polar regions of the Earth, providing a ready flow-path for particles to reach the ionosphere and generate aurora. This interaction between the solar wind and the plasma trapped in Earth's magnetosphere also creates a density enhancement between Earth and the solar wind helping to shield Earth from some of the effects. A lower density wake forms behind Earth (the blue region). There is a circular 'hole' around the Earth which is a gap in the model. || ", "hits": 134 }, { "id": 4189, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4189/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-09-25T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Comparative Magnetospheres: A Carrington-Class CME", "description": "In an effort to understand and predict the impact of space weather events on Earth, the Community-Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, routinely runs computer models of the many historical events. These model runs are then compared to actual data to determine ways to improve the model, and therefore forecasts of the impacts of future space weather events.But sometimes we don't have an actual event where we have lots of data for comparison. Extreme space weather events are one example where we must test models with a rather limited set of data.This is a model run used to examine the consequences if a large coronal mass ejection (CME) such as The Carrington-Class CME of 2012 had actual hit Earth. Such model runs allow us to estimate consequences of a large event hitting Earth so we can better protect power grids and satellites.Some of the conclusions from this model run are (documented in the paper linked below):The magnetopause is compressed to the point it is moved inside the orbits of our geosynchronous satellites.Large field-aligned currents are created on the night-side of Earth, generating large ionospheric potentials.At high latitudes, geo-electric fields of 26 volts per kilometer can be generated.For comparison, the geo-electric field of the March 1989 storm which generated an extensive power outage in Canada (Wikipedia) had a value of only about 6 volts per kilometer; and the 2003 Halloween solar storms (see Halloween Solar Storms 2003) generated a field of about 12 volts per kilometer. || ", "hits": 305 }, { "id": 11308, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11308/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-01-31T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "MMS: Engineering Challenges", "description": "It's hard enough to build one spacecraft, but the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS) is building four. Together, the spacecraft will unlock the mysteries of magnetic reconnection, when magnetic fields explosively connect and disconnect, transferring energy. || ", "hits": 30 }, { "id": 30481, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30481/", "result_type": "Infographic", "release_date": "2013-12-02T10:00:00-05:00", "title": "Heliophysics and Space Weather", "description": "The sun and its atmosphere consist of several zones, or layers, from the inner core to the outer corona. Beyond the corona is the solar wind, which is an outward expansion of coronal plasma that extends well beyond the orbit of Pluto. This entire region of space influenced by the sun is called the heliosphere. Controlled by the Earth’s magnetic field, the magnetosphere acts as a shield protecting the planet from solar wind. The shape of the Earth's magnetosphere is the direct result of being impacted by solar wind, compressed on its sunward side and elongated on the night-side, the magnetotail. The shock wave where the solar wind encounters Earth's magnetosphere is called the bow shock, which slows and diverts the solar wind. Solar activity lead to solar eruptions, which includes such phenomena as sunspots, flares, prominences, and coronal mass ejections that influence space weather, or near-Earth environmental conditions. Modern society depends heavily on a variety of technologies that are susceptible to space weather. CMEs for example can cause geomagnetic storms that can disrupt satellite communications and navigational equipment, and even cause blackouts. || ", "hits": 263 }, { "id": 4080, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4080/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2013-09-26T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "Reconnection Fronts - When Satellites Align...", "description": "In July of 2012, a fleet of spacecraft studying Earth's magnetosphere were in an ideal alignment to detect a particle flow predicted in magnetospheric models. The grey mesh shell structure represents the approximate location of the magnetopause.In this visualization, THEMIS, ARTEMIS (in orbit around the Moon), and Geotail, as well as the particle detectors on the GOES-13 and GOES-15 satellites achieved a good alignment around 09:45 on July 3, 2012 to detect one of the particle flows predicted by magnetospheric models. || ", "hits": 64 }, { "id": 4088, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4088/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2013-09-26T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "Reconnection Fronts - What the Models Say...", "description": "Mathematical models of Earth's magnetosphere have become increasingly more complex and accurate. They have sufficient detail to illustrate many small-scale phenomena.In this simulation run of the Geospace General Circulation Model (GGCM) we see new details that have been observed by in situ satellites. As the solar wind is deflected around Earth's magnetosphere (the 'bubble' of plasma surrounding Earth held by Earth's magnetic field), plasma flows within the bubble can change. In the graphics below, physical variables such as magnetic field and electric currents are plotted. With these variables, we overlay the net flow of the plasma (arrows), subjected to selection criteria to separate flows of plasma away from Earth and towards Earth. Green arrows are low-speed flows (below about 150 kilometers/second), while red arrows correspond to high-speed plasmal flows (about 300 kilometers/second and higher). || ", "hits": 33 }, { "id": 11212, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11212/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-02-28T14:00:00-05:00", "title": "Van Allen Probes Find Storage Ring in Earth's Outer Radiation Belt", "description": "Since their discovery over 50 years ago, the Earth's Van Allen radiation belts have been considered to consist of two distinct zones of trapped, highly energetic charged particles. Observations from NASA's Van Allen Probes reveal an isolated third ring in the outer radiation belt. || ", "hits": 311 }, { "id": 4006, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4006/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2012-10-31T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "The Radiation Belts as seen by SAMPEX", "description": "This is a simulation of the Earth's radiation belts constructed from SAMPEX data around the time of the 2003 Halloween solar storms. In this visualization, we present the belts in cross-section to provide a better view of their interior structure.The Earth's magnetosphere is a very large magnetic structure around the Earth, and gets stretched into a large, teardrop-shaped configuration through its interaction with the solar wind. A number of the magnetic field lines, while they may originate on the Earth, do not connect back to the Earth, but connect into the magnetic field carried by the solar wind. However, near the Earth, the magnetic dipole component of the field is stronger than the solar wind field, and this allows all the magnetic field lines to connect back to the Earth, forming (approximately) the classic magnetic dipole configuration (Wikipedia). In this region, lower energy electrons and ions, many from the Earth's ionosphere, can become trapped by the magnetic field to form the radiation belts.The radiation belt model is constructed from particle flux information from the SAMPEX mission, with the flux mapped to constant L-shells of the Earth's dipole magnetic field (Wikipedia). The model is anchored to the Earth's geomagnetic field axis, which is not perfectly aligned with the Earth's rotation axis. This creates a small wobble of the radiation belts with time, which can be seen in this visualization.The data driving the radiation belt structure is from the 2003 Halloween solar storms, a series of strong solar eruptions that began in late October 2003 and continued into the first week of November. During this time, the particle content of the belts change rapidly due to the variation in the energetic particle flux from the Sun buffeting the Earth's magnetosphere.This dataset was also used to generate radiation belts for the RBSP prelaunch visualizations. || ", "hits": 58 }, { "id": 3551, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3551/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "The Coronal Mass Ejection strikes the Earth!", "description": "This visualization is the sequel to animation ID 3867.The CME we saw before continues to expand from the Sun, and its outer boundary is approaching the Earth. Will the Earth be pummeled like its sister planet, Venus?Not this time, for the Earth has a fairly strong geomagnetic field.The geomagnetic field helps deflect the incoming blast of solar particles around the Earth, dramatically reducing the impact of the event.It is important to note that the flowing material of the CME are actually ions and electrons far too small to see. This visualization tries to represent the motions of these tiny particle in a form large enough for us to see.Technical DetailsThis is the dome show component where the CME strikes the Earth.The domemaster format was created by rendering 7 separate camera tiles. The tiles were then stitched together to form final domemaster layers at 4096x4096 resolution and 16 bits per channel with premultiplied alpha and no gamma correction. There are 2 domemaster layers that should be composited as follows:- Earth, Sun and particles- star field (no alpha channel)In addition to the final domemaster frames and movies, the individual camera tiles are included as well. Each domemaster layer has a set of camera tiles. There are 7 cameras numbered 00 through 06 that represent the itiles. Camera 00 is in the center of the domemaster, camera 01 is looking below camera 00, cameras 01 through 06 look around the outside of the dome master in counter-clockwise order. These frames are probably only useful if a better re-stitching algorithm is ever required to be run on the tiles. || ", "hits": 116 }, { "id": 11003, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11003/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2012-06-19T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Excerpt from \"Dynamic Earth\"", "description": "A giant explosion of magnetic energy from the sun, called a coronal mass ejection, slams into and is deflected completely by the Earth's powerful magnetic field. The sun also continually sends out streams of light and radiation energy. Earth's atmosphere acts like a radiation shield, blocking quite a bit of this energy.Much of the radiation energy that makes it through is reflected back into space by clouds, ice and snow and the energy that remains helps to drive the Earth system, powering a remarkable planetary engine — the climate. It becomes the energy that feeds swirling wind and ocean currents as cold air and surface waters move toward the equator and warm air and water moves toward the poles — all in an attempt to equalize temperatures around the world.A jury appointed by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and Science magazine has selected \"Excerpt from Dynamic Earth\" as the winner of the 2013 NSF International Science and Engineering Visualization Challenge for the Video category. This animation will be highlighted in the February 2014 special section of Science and will be hosted on ScienceMag.org and NSF.govThis animation was selected for the Computer Animation Festival's Electronic Theater at the Association for Computer Machinery's Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH), a prestigious computer graphics and technical research forum. This is an excerpt from the fulldome, high-resolution show 'Dynamic Earth: Exploring Earth's Climate Engine.' The Dynamic Earth dome show was selected as a finalist in the Jackson Hole Wildlife Film Festival Science Media Awards under the category \"Best Immersive Cinema - Fulldome\". || ", "hits": 120 }, { "id": 10968, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10968/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2012-05-30T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "MAVEN Profiles", "description": "Spanish-language profile videos of MAVEN project managers Sandra Cauffman and Carlos Gomez-Rosa. || ", "hits": 34 }, { "id": 3950, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3950/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2012-05-01T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth's Radiation Belts (cross-section)", "description": "This is a simulation of the Earth's radiation belts. In this version, we've 'sliced' the belts open to provide a better view of their structure in cross-section. The non-cross-section view of the belts is Earth's Radiation Belts (side view)The Earth's magnetosphere is a very large magnetic structure around the Earth, and gets stretched into a large, teardrop-shaped configuration through its interaction with the solar wind. A number of the magnetic field lines, while they may originate on the Earth, do not connect back to the Earth, but connect into the magnetic field carried by the solar wind. However, near the Earth, the dipole component of the field is stronger than the solar wind field, and this allows all the magnetic field lines to connect back to the Earth, forming (approximately) the classic magnetic dipole configuration. In this region, lower energy electrons and ions, many from the Earth's ionosphere, can become trapped by the magnetic field to form the radiation belts.The radiation belt model is constructed from particle flux information from the SAMPEX mission, with the flux mapped to constant L-shells of the Earth's dipole magnetic field. The model is anchored to the Earth's geomagnetic field axis, which is not perfectly aligned with the Earth's rotation axis. This creates a small wobble of the radiation belts with time, which can be seen in this visualization.The data driving the radiation belt structure is time-shifted from the 2003 Halloween solar storms, a series of strong solar eruptions that began in late October 2003 and continued into the first week of November. During this time, the particle content of the belts change rapidly due to the variation in the energetic particle flux from the Sun buffeting the Earth's magnetosphere. || ", "hits": 257 }, { "id": 10937, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10937/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2012-03-16T15:00:00-04:00", "title": "RBSP Animation", "description": "Animations of the Radiation Belt Storm Probe spacecraft. || ", "hits": 65 }, { "id": 10905, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10905/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2012-01-31T13:00:00-05:00", "title": "Interstellar Neutral Atoms", "description": "Animation of the interstellar interaction with our Sun-one of billions of stars that orbits around the galaxy. As we zoom in through the galaxy we can see our heliosphere; then if we travel along with the interstellar material, we can see how only a very rare few are directed along precisely the right path to make the 30 year, 15 billion mile journey and enter IBEX's low energy sensor and be detected.For press release media associated with this animation, go: here. || ", "hits": 100 }, { "id": 3902, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3902/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2012-01-24T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "A Coronal Mass Ejection strikes the Earth!", "description": "Energetic events on the Sun have impacts throughout the Solar System. This visualization, developed for the Dynamic Earth dome show, utilizes data from space weather models based on a real coronal mass ejection (CME) event from mid-December 2003. Particles are used to represent the flow of solar material from the Sun around the Earth. It is important to note that the flowing material of the CME are actually ions and electrons far too small to see. This visualization tries to represent the motions of these tiny particles in a form large enough for us to see. We open with a close-up view of the Earth, the particles representing the solar wind streaming around the Earth due to extended influence of the Earth's magnetic field. We pull out from the Earth and move so that we see the Sun in the distance. The enormous density enhancement in the solar wind is the coronal mass ejection. As the CME reaches the Earth, we see how effective the Earth's magnetic field is at diverting the solar material around the Earth. As the CME passes, we move earthward, and reveal the field lines representing the Earth's magnetic field, emanating from the magnetic poles and blown behind the Earth due to the influence of the solar wind. For simplicity, we have represented the Earth's magnetic field as unchanging, but it is actually very dynamic in its response to a CME or other change in the solar wind. || ", "hits": 134 }, { "id": 10809, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10809/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2011-08-18T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA Spacecraft Track Solar Storms From Sun To Earth", "description": "NASA's STEREO spacecraft and new data processing techniques have succeeded in tracking space weather events from their origin in the Sun's ultrahot corona to impact with the Earth 93 million miles away, resolving a 40-year mystery about the structure of the structures that cause space weather: how the structures that impact the Earth relate to the corresponding structures in the solar corona.Despite many instruments that monitor the Sun and a fleet of near-earth probes, the connection between near-Earth disturbances and their counterparts on the Sun has been obscure, because CMEs and the solar wind evolve and change during the 93,000,000 mile journey from the Sun to the Earth.STEREO includes \"heliospheric imager\" cameras that monitor the sky at large angles from the Sun, but the starfield and galaxy are 1,000 times brighter than the faint rays of sunlight reflected by free-floating electron clouds inside CMEs and the solar wind; this has made direct imaging of these important structures difficult or impossible, and limited understanding of the connection between space storms and the coronal structures that cause them.Newly released imagery reveals absolute brightness of detailed features in a large geoeffective CME in late 2008, connecting the original magnetized structure in the Sun's corona to the intricate anatomy of an interplanetary storm as it impacted the Earth three days later. At the time the data were collected, in late 2008, STEREO-A was nearly 45 degrees ahead of the Earth in its orbit, affording a very clear view of the Earth-Sun line.For the press conference Visual 1, a visualization of the STEREO orbits and the 2008 CME, go here.For Visual 7, a CME and reconnection animation, go here.For Visual 8, footage of the October 2003 solar storms, go here. || ", "hits": 51 }, { "id": 10790, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10790/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2011-06-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Voyager Satellites Find Magnetic Bubbles at Edge of Solar System", "description": "The sun's magnetic field spins opposite directions on the north and south poles. These oppositely pointing magnetic fields are separated by a layer of current called the heliospheric current sheet. Due to the tilt of the magnetic axis in relation to the axis of rotation of the Sun, the heliospheric current sheet flaps like a flag in the wind. The flapping current sheet separates regions of oppositely pointing magnetic field, called sectors. As the solar wind speed decreases past the termination shock, the sectors squeeze together, bringing regions of opposite magnetic field closer to each other. The Voyager spacecraft have now found that when the separation of sectors becomes very small, the sectored magnetic field breaks up into a sea of nested \"magnetic bubbles\" in a phenomenon called magnetic reconnection. The region of nested bubbles is carried by the solar wind to the north and south filling out the entire front region of the heliopause and the sector region in the heliosheath.This discovery has prompted a complete revision of what the heliosheath region looks like. The smooth, streamlined look is gone, replaced with a bubbly, frothy outer layer. More animations about the Voyager magnetic bubbles discovery are available. || ", "hits": 154 }, { "id": 10722, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10722/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2011-02-07T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "IBEX Spacecraft Finds Discoveries Close to Home", "description": "IBEX found that Energetic Neutral Atoms, or ENAs, are coming from a region just outside Earth's magnetopause where nearly stationary protons from the solar wind interact with the tenuous cloud of hydrogen atoms in Earth's exosphere. || ", "hits": 42 } ] }