The Best of IceBridge Arctic 2013", "description": "The views from the cockpit of NASA's P-3B aircraft on an Operation IceBridge campaign are truly stunning. The mission doesn't travel to both ends of the Earth for the scenery of course — the airborne mission is there to collect radar, laser altimetry, and other data on the changing ice sheets, glaciers, and sea ice of the Arctic and Antarctic. But for those of us who aren't polar pilots, here's a selection of some of the best footage from the forward and nadir cameras mounted to the aircraft taken during IceBridge's spring deployment over Greenland and the Arctic Ocean. || ", "hits": 17 }, { "id": 11155, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11155/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-06-18T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "LRO Fourth Anniversary", "description": "Four years ago, NASA made a long promised return visit to a place so legendary in the history of space exploration that it felt like a reunion with a long lost relative. With the liftoff of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), NASA made a bold statement about its commitment to exploring Earth's closest neighbor, as well as other parts of the solar system. In the years since it rose on its rocket, LRO has amassed a stunning array of data on a wide range of subjects. From vital research about the formation of the early solar system, to fundamental research about the structure and natural history of the Moon itself, LRO continues to deliver state-of-the-art information about a place that almost every human being has pondered as it drifts through our skies and our collective imaginations. || ", "hits": 69 }, { "id": 11221, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11221/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-04-12T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "GPM: Our Wet Wide World", "description": "The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) is an international satellite mission to provide next-generation observations of rain and snow worldwide every three hours. NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) will launch a \"Core\" satellite carrying advanced instruments that will set a new standard for precipitation measurements from space. The data they provide will be used to unify precipitation measurements made by an international network of partner satellites to quantify when, where, and how much it rains or snows around the world.The GPM mission will help advance our understanding of Earth's water and energy cycles, improve the forecasting of extreme events that cause natural disasters, and extend current capabilities of using satellite precipitation information to directly benefit society. || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 11217, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11217/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-03-04T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Cosmic Ice Lab Studies Reactions Occurring in Deep Space", "description": "At the NASA Goddard Cosmic Ice Lab, scientists are studying ice to help us understand the unusual chemical reactions that occur in space. Ice in space is amorphous, lacking the crystalline structure of the ice found on Earth. In space, this ice is often dirty, containing different kinds of particles and organic molecules. Recent discoveries have found that compounds trapped in amorphous ice are involved in a kind of chemistry unlike anything known on Earth. At the Goddard Cosmic Ice Lab, scientists are recreating the conditions of space to study the properties of amorphous ice firsthand. Their research will help astronomers to interpret observations of the far reaches of space, and further our understanding of the potential for the existence life beyond Earth. || ", "hits": 47 }, { "id": 11030, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11030/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2012-07-23T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Columbia Glacier, Alaska, 1986-2011", "description": "The Columbia Glacier in Alaska is one of many vanishing around the world. Glacier retreat is one of the most direct and understandable effects of climate change. The consequences of the decline in alpine glaciers include contributing to global sea level rise. || ", "hits": 80 }, { "id": 3927, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3927/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2012-06-07T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "ICESCAPE Mission Measures High Chlorophyll-a Under the Ice", "description": "ICESCAPE is a multi-year NASA mission to study biogeochemical and ecological impacts of climate change in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas in the Arctic. During 2011, the ICESCAPE mission acquired data while sailing on the US Coast Guard Cutter Healy. This visualization shows both the technique used by the ICESCAPE mission to take data measurements as well as some of the data that was taken.The visualization shows the ICESCAPE ship's path through the Chukchi and Beaufort seas north of Alaska from July 3, 2011 through July 8, 2011. The ship stops and takes measurements along the way. The measurements are taken by canisters lowered to various depths that sample the water. The measurement depths range from 1.8 meters to 149.3 meters below sea level. The sets of measurements are broken into two transects. The first transect is the trip out into the ice. The second transect is the trip back. Topography (above sea level) is exaggerated 10 times. Bathymetry (below sea level) is exaggerated 200 times in order differentiate the measurements.The colors of the measurements (i.e,. stations) correspond to the color bar below which represent chlorophyll-a concentrations. Measurements that are depicted by spheres were acquired while the ship was in open water while measurements depicted by cubes were acquired when the ship was in ice. As data is collected, a wall of interpolated data is generated.An important finding of this research was that high concentrations of chlorophyll-a were found under the ice. || ", "hits": 29 }, { "id": 10695, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10695/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2011-06-17T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA's Oceanographic Voyage - ICESCAPE", "description": "The ICESCAPE mission, or \"Impacts of Climate on Ecosystems and Chemistry of the Arctic Pacific Environment,\" is NASA's first dedicated oceanographic field campaign. From June-July 2010, scientists onboard the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy spent five weeks at sea studying how changing conditions in the Arctic affect the ocean's chemistry and ecosystems. On June 25, 2011, researchers embark on the mission's second and final campaign. The multiyear observations collected from the icebreaker will help us interpret what instruments in space tell us, as well as turn up some new discoveries. || ", "hits": 31 }, { "id": 10789, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10789/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2011-06-07T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "NPPy: Big Planet, Little Bear", "description": "NPP is the prototype of the next generation weather satellites, named JPSS. NPP has five instruments on board and will continue the legacy of existing weather satellites like Terra and Aqua. NPP will deliver critical data not only for weather forecasters but for scientists who are trying to understand how climate is changing over long periods of time. || ", "hits": 49 }, { "id": 10692, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10692/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2010-11-15T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "IceBridge Antarctic 2010 Video File", "description": "Operation IceBridge video file for the Antarctic 2010 campaign. || ", "hits": 15 }, { "id": 10693, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10693/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2010-11-15T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "IceBridge Antarctic Peninsula Flight Highlights - Nov. 13, 2010", "description": "The IceBridge science team and DC-8 crew flew a mission over the Antarctic Peninsula on Saturday, November 13th. This video provides a snapshot of the flight from the field and describes the challenges faced with weather and terrain. All instruments collected data for several glaciers before the weather conditions forced an early return to Punta Arenas. || ", "hits": 19 }, { "id": 10678, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10678/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2010-10-18T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "IceBridge Kicks Off Antarctic 2010 Campaign", "description": "On October 18th, NASA's Operation IceBridge scientists and the DC-8 crew departed for Punta Arenas, Chile where they will begin the Antarctic 2010 phase of the mission. For the next five weeks, instrumnents aboard the DC-8 will collect data to determine surface elevation and ice characteristics near and over Antarctica. || ", "hits": 11 }, { "id": 10627, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10627/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2010-08-09T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Video File: Large Slab of Greenland's Petermann Glacier Breaks Off", "description": "On August 5, 2010, an enormous chunk of ice, roughly 97 square miles in size, broke off the Petermann Glacier, along the northwestern coast of Greenland. The glacier lost about one-quarter of its 40-mile long floating ice shelf, the Northern Hemisphere's largest. It's not unusual for large icebergs to calve off the Petermann Glacier, but this new one is the largest to form in the Arctic since 1962. || ", "hits": 41 }, { "id": 10608, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10608/", "result_type": "B-Roll", "release_date": "2010-07-06T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Operation IceBridge Arctic 2010 B-roll Part 2", "description": "B-roll selects from Operation IceBridge Arctic 2010 Campaign in Greenland. || ", "hits": 16 }, { "id": 10607, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10607/", "result_type": "B-Roll", "release_date": "2010-07-04T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Operation IceBridge Arctic 2010 B-roll", "description": "B-roll selects from Operation IceBridge Arctic 2010 campaign in Greenland. || ", "hits": 14 }, { "id": 10605, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10605/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2010-07-02T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Know Your Earth: Earth Observing Fleet Studies Climate", "description": "This animated video shares a series of fascinating facts about how climate change affects oceans, land, the atmosphere, and ice sheets around the world. With the help of an animated astronaut touring the Earth, the video explains how NASA's Earth observing satellite fleet enables scientists to gather accurate data and understand those changes.For complete transcript, click here. || G2010-072_Know_Your_Earth_youtube_hq.02196_print.jpg (1024x576) [105.9 KB] || G2010-072_Know_Your_Earth_youtube_hq_web.png (320x180) [281.3 KB] || G2010-072_Know_Your_Earth_youtube_hq_thm.png (80x40) [17.6 KB] || G2010-072_Know_Your_Earth_appletv.webmhd.webm (960x540) [41.1 MB] || G2010-072_Know_Your_Earth_appletv.m4v (960x540) [99.6 MB] || G2010-072_Know_Your_Earth_prores.mov (1280x720) [2.9 GB] || G2010-072_Know_Your_Earth_Final.wmv (1280x720) [89.9 MB] || G2010-072_Know_Your_Earth_youtube_hq.mov (1280x720) [105.0 MB] || G2010-072_Know_Your_Earth_ipod_lg.m4v (640x360) [33.5 MB] || G2010-072_Know_Your_Earth.m4v (320x240) [18.1 MB] || G2010-072_Know_Your_Earth_SVS.mpg (512x288) [27.1 MB] || ", "hits": 60 }, { "id": 3734, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3734/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-06-24T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "MERRA Combined Liquid Water and Ice Mixing Ratios", "description": "Retrospective-analyses (or reanalyses) have been a critical tool in studying weather and climate variability for the last 15 years. Reanalyses blend the continuity and breadth of output data of a numerical model with the constraint of vast quantities of observational data. The result is a long-term continuous data record. The Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications was developed to support NASA's Earth science objectives, by applying the state-of-the-art GMAO data assimilation system that includes many modern observing systems (such as EOS) in a climate framework.The MERRA time period covers the modern era of remotely sensed data, from 1979 through the present, and the special focus of the atmospheric assimilation is the hydrological cycle.The time period covered by the visualization is the months of May, June, and July of 1988 and 1993, two years with contrasting extreme weather events during the summer: a drought through the midwestern states of the US in 1988, and heavy rains and flooding through the same region in 1993.This visualization shows the combined liquid water and ice mixing ratio dataset produced by MERRA, roughly corresponding to cloud cover, up to an geopotential height of 20 km. The height coordinate is greatly exaggerated. Both opacity and color are driven by the data value.This animation was created as part of a presentation for the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) hyperwall display. This is a set of tiled high definition displays consisting of 5 displays across by 3 displays down. The full resolution of all combined displays is 6840 pixels accross by 2304 pixels down. For the full presentation, see the link below. || ", "hits": 10 }, { "id": 3720, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3720/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-05-12T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Annual Gradient Melt over Greenland 1979 Through 2009", "description": "The ice sheet melt extent is a daily (or every-other-day, prior to August 1987) estimate of the spatial extent of wet snow on the Greenland ice sheet derived from passive microwave satellite brightness temperature characteristics. This indicator of melt on each area of the ice sheet for each day of observation is physically based on the changes in microwave emission characteristics observable in data. Although it is not a direct measure of the snow wetness, it is representative of the amount of ice loss due to seasonal melting that occurs on the Greenland ice sheet.This animation is a time series showing the regions of the Greenland ice sheet where melt occurred for more than three days between May 1st and September 30th for each year. Areas in which melt occurred for longer time periods are shown in a darker red while those areas melted for fewer days are shown in lighter red. Areas melted three or less days during the year are not colored. || ", "hits": 155 }, { "id": 3721, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3721/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-05-12T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Annual Accumulated Melt over Greenland 1979 through 2009", "description": "The ice sheet melt extent is a daily (or every-other-day, prior to August, 1987) estimate of the spatial extent of wet snow on the Greenland ice sheet derived from passive microwave satellite brightness temperature characteristics. This indicator of melt on each area of the ice sheet for each day of observation is physically based on the changes in microwave emission characteristics observable in data.", "hits": 81 }, { "id": 3710, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3710/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-05-01T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Five Spheres - Cryosphere", "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover. The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) instrument on the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua satellite, provides data mapped to a polar stereographic grid at 12.5 km spatial resolution. This satellite data can be used to monitor the health of the cryosphere from space. This animation of sea ice changes in the Arctic is match framed to animation entries 3707, 3708, 3709, and 3711. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day showing a running 3-day maximum sea ice concentration in the region where the concentration is greater than 15%. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running maximum of the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month.For more information about sea ice see http://nsidc.org/data/amsre or http://modis-snow-ice.gsfc.nasa.gov. || ", "hits": 24 }, { "id": 10597, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10597/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2010-04-06T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Operation IceBridge's 2010 Arctic Campaign Takes Off: Reporters Package", "description": "NASA's Operation IceBridge mission, the largest airborne survey ever flown of Earth's polar ice, kicked off its second year of study in late March 2010. The IceBridge mission allows scientists to track changes in the extent and thickness of polar ice, which is important to understanding ice dynamics. IceBridge began in March 2009 as a means to fill the gap in polar observations between the loss of NASA's ICESat satellite and the launch of ICESat-2, planned for 1015. Annual missions fly over the Arctic in March and April and over the Antarctic in October and November. This video gives a brief overview of the start of the Arctic 2010 IceBridge campaign.For complete transcript, click here. || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_appletv.00127_print.jpg (1024x768) [113.3 KB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_appletv_web.png (320x240) [292.7 KB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_appletv_thm.png (80x40) [16.9 KB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_appletv_searchweb.png (320x180) [85.3 KB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_appletv.webmhd.webm (960x540) [19.3 MB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_appletv.m4v (960x720) [44.5 MB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_ProResBroll.mov (1280x720) [1.3 GB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_YouTubeHQ.mov (1280x720) [43.6 MB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_goddard_shorts.m4v (640x360) [15.4 MB] || GSFC_20100406_OIB_m10597_Pkg2a.en_US.srt [1.8 KB] || GSFC_20100406_OIB_m10597_Pkg2a.en_US.vtt [1.8 KB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_NASA_PORTAL.wmv (346x260) [13.4 MB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_podcast.m4v (320x180) [6.2 MB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_SVS.mpg (512x288) [11.4 MB] || ", "hits": 31 }, { "id": 10596, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10596/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2010-04-02T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "IceBridge 2010, a liveshot with Lora Koenig", "description": "Live interview with NASA Goddard cryospheric scientist Lora Koenig regarding Operation IceBridge and the 2010 Arctic sea ice maximum. || Koenig_OIB_LS_2010_SVS.00327_print.jpg (1024x576) [67.0 KB] || Koenig_OIB_LS_2010_SVS_web.png (320x180) [207.5 KB] || Koenig_OIB_LS_2010_SVS_thm.png (80x40) [16.1 KB] || Koenig_OIB_LS_2010.webmhd.webm (960x540) [56.4 MB] || Koenig_OIB_LS_2010.m4v (960x720) [138.4 MB] || Koenig_OIB_LS_2010.mov (1280x720) [4.1 GB] || Koenig_OIB_LS_2010_youtube_HQ.mov (1280x720) [115.0 MB] || Koenig_OIB_LS_2010_youtube.mov (1280x720) [53.3 MB] || Koenig_OIB_LS_2010_Goddard_Shorts.m4v (640x360) [42.0 MB] || Koenig_OIB_LS_2010_nasa_podcast.m4v (320x180) [17.6 MB] || Koenig_OIB_LS_2010_NASA_PORTAL.wmv (346x260) [36.3 MB] || Koenig_OIB_LS_2010_SVS.mpg (512x288) [36.0 MB] || ", "hits": 10 }, { "id": 10589, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10589/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2010-03-18T16:45:00-04:00", "title": "Operation IceBridge: Greenland, Spring 2010 Pre-mission Video", "description": "This short video provides an introduction to the science objectives and key players for the Operation IceBridge Spring 2010 campaign in Greenland. || ", "hits": 20 }, { "id": 10574, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10574/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2010-02-22T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Piecing Together the Temperature Puzzle", "description": "The decade from 2000 to 2009 was the warmest in the modern record. \"Piecing Together the Temperature Puzzle\" illustrates how NASA satellites enable us to study possible causes of climate change. The video explains what role fluctuations in the solar cycle, changes in snow and cloud cover, and rising levels of heat-trapping gases may play in contributing to climate change. For complete transcript, click here. || Temperature_Puzzle_fullres.01252_print.jpg (1024x576) [113.2 KB] || Temperature_Puzzle_fullres_web.png (320x180) [207.8 KB] || Temperature_Puzzle_fullres_thm.png (80x40) [16.9 KB] || Temperature_Puzzle_AppleTV.webmhd.webm (960x540) [83.9 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_fullres.mov (1280x720) [166.2 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_AppleTV.m4v (960x720) [211.4 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle__Youtube.mov (1280x720) [87.7 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_iPod_small.m4v (640x360) [67.9 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_iPod_large.m4v (320x180) [27.9 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_svs.mpg (512x288) [136.6 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_portal.wmv (346x260) [38.8 MB] || ", "hits": 51 }, { "id": 3661, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3661/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-02-18T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Volume Renderings of Hurricane Isabel based on the WRF Computational Model (Three Resolutions)", "description": "This visualization shows cloud and ice data from an atmospheric simulation using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Clouds are shown as levels of white; and, ice is shown as levels of blue. Cloud and ice data from the model are volumetric (i.e. in multiple pressure levels).Three different reolution runs are shown as the camera moves in towards the East coast:1. 36 km per grid cell every hour covering most of the northern hemisphere (volume size: 415x270x27)2. 12 km per grid cell every hour covering central North America (volume size: 438x300x27)3. 4 km per grid cell every 5 minutes covering the US East coast (volume size: 300x300x27)This visualization was created in support of a video about the Climate in a Box project. for the Fall 2009 American Geophysical Union (AGU) conference. || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 3671, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3671/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-01-14T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Amazon Basin Monthly GRACE Data", "description": "This visualization displays monthly GRACE data in the Amazon basin. GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) measures mass distribution and in this instance is used to demonstrate water storage and movement in the basin. Warmer colors like red and yellow reveal areas with greater mass, or more water, while cooler colors like blue and green indicate areas with lesser mass, or less water. || ", "hits": 103 }, { "id": 3672, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3672/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-01-05T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "28 Year Arctic Temperature Trend", "description": "Scientists who study the Arctic region consider this area to be an early indicator of global warming, because changes in this area are amplified by the high albedo of the snow and ice. This animation depicts the 28-year surface temperature trend over the Arctic region determined from data collected between August 1981 and July 2009. The warming and cooling regions are shown in steps of .02 degrees Kelvin per year from the regions of greatest change to the areas of least change. Blue hues indicate cooling regions; red hues depict warming. The neutral region of -.02 to +.02 is shown in white. Light regions indicate less change while darker regions indicate more. The temperature scale used ranges from -0.42 to +0.42 degrees Kelvin, although the minimum data value is -0.1825 degrees Kelvin per year while the maximum value is 0.4185. || ", "hits": 88 }, { "id": 3673, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3673/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-12-11T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Poster of Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Changes from NASA GSFC GRACE Mascon Solutions", "description": "Luthcke, S.B., D.D. Rowlands, J.J. McCarthy, A. Arendt, T. Sabaka, J.P. Boy, F.G. Lemoine, \"Recent Changes of the Earth's Land Ice from GRACE, \" presented at 2009 Fall AGU, H13G-02 (693337), Dec. 14, 2009.The mass changes of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) are computed from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) inter-satellite range-rate observations for the period April 5, 2003 - July 25, 2009. The mass of the GIS has been computed at 10-day intervals and 200 km spatial resolution from a regional high-resolution mascon solution (Luthcke and others, 2008 and 2006). The poster shows the change in mass during February, April, July and October from 2003 through 2009 as referenced from April 5, 2003. The spatial variation in surface mass is shown in centimeters equivalent height of water. The chart shown in the upper left corner presents total ice loss in Greenland over the same time period measured in gigatons. Corresponding author:Scott B. LuthckeNASA GSFCPlanetary Geodynamics Laboratory, Code 698Scott.B.Luthcke@nasa.gov || ", "hits": 11 }, { "id": 10503, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10503/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2009-10-12T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Melting Ice, Rising Seas", "description": "Sea level rise is an indicator that our planet is warming. Much of the world's population lives on or near the coast, and rising seas are something worth watching. Sea level can rise for two reasons, both linked to a warming planet. When ice on land, such as mountain glaciers or the ice sheets of Greenland or Antarctica, melt, that water contributes to sea level rise. And when our oceans get warmer - another indicator of climate change - the water expands, also making sea level higher. Using satellites, lasers, and radar in space, and dedicated researchers on the ground, NASA is studying the Earth's ice and water to better understand how sea level rise might affect us all.For complete transcript, click here. || Melting_Seas_ipod_640x480.03027_print.jpg (1024x576) [80.7 KB] || Melting_Seas_ipod_640x480_web.png (320x180) [156.6 KB] || Melting_Seas_ipod_640x480_thm.png (80x40) [16.6 KB] || Melting_Seas_appletv_1280x720.webmhd.webm (960x540) [67.9 MB] || Melting_Seas_H264_1280x720_30fps.mov (1280x720) [128.9 MB] || Melting_Seas_1280x720.mp4 (1280x720) [125.1 MB] || Melting_Seas_broll_prores.mov (1280x720) [4.4 GB] || Melting_Seas_youtube_1280x720.mov (1280x720) [69.1 MB] || Melting_Seas_appletv_1280x720.m4v (960x540) [160.0 MB] || Melting_Seas_ipod_640x480.m4v (640x360) [49.7 MB] || Melting_Seas_ipod_320x240.m4v (320x180) [21.1 MB] || Rising_Seas.wmv (346x260) [38.5 MB] || ", "hits": 51 }, { "id": 3754, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3754/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-10-09T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Endless Loop: Earth's Water Cycle", "description": "For circulating energy, for distributing essential chemistry, and as a fundamental requirement for most biological processes, water defines Earth's dynamic identity. The more than seventy percent of our planet covered by water is in many ways the reason life has survived and thrived for so long.A simple trip to the ocean's edge highlights how water constantly moves. But water sloshing back in forth in ocean basins only begins to describe the complex processes of its circulation on Earth.NASA takes the water cycle as not merely an academic exercise but as a vital area for exploration. Satellites can examine aspects of the global water cycle that in situ measurements and observations can only dream about seeing. The TRMM spacecraft is the world's most advanced precipitation measuring system to date, gathering vital information about tropical precipitation and other features every day. Other sensors, like the AMSR and AIRS instruments on the AQUA spacecraft take profiles of the planet's atmosphere, examine water vapor concentrations and distribution, among other things. A number of instruments look at water at or below the surface. MODIS makes sea surface temperature measurements that provide essential information about how oceans work and how they're changing over time. GRACE keeps track of elusive, yet massive, quantities of water both underground and in the oceans by making precise gravitational measurements. And the planned Aquarius mission, scheduled for launch in just a few years, will make unprecedented measurements of ocean salinity, a vital characteristic for describing a wide variety of phenomena, from life to physical processes that govern global circulation patterns. || ", "hits": 254 }, { "id": 3658, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3658/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-10-08T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "The Thermohaline Circulation - The Great Ocean Conveyor Belt", "description": "The oceans are mostly composed of warm salty water near the surface over cold, less salty water in the ocean depths. These two regions don't mix except in certain special areas. The ocean currents, the movement of the ocean in the surface layer, are driven mostly by the wind. In certain areas near the polar oceans, the colder surface water also gets saltier due to evaporation or sea ice formation. In these regions, the surface water becomes dense enough to sink to the ocean depths. This pumping of surface water into the deep ocean forces the deep water to move horizontally until it can find an area on the world where it can rise back to the surface and close the current loop. This usually occurs in the equatorial ocean, mostly in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. This very large, slow current is called the thermohaline circulation because it is caused by temperature and salinity (haline) variations.This animation shows one of the major regions where this pumping occurs, the North Atlantic Ocean around Greenland, Iceland, and the North Sea. The surface ocean current brings new water to this region from the South Atlantic via the Gulf Stream and the water returns to the South Atlantic via the North Atlantic Deep Water current. The continual influx of warm water into the North Atlantic polar ocean keeps the regions around Iceland and southern Greenland mostly free of sea ice year round.The animation also shows another feature of the global ocean circulation: the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The region around latitude 60 south is the the only part of the Earth where the ocean can flow all the way around the world with no land in the way. As a result, both the surface and deep waters flow from west to east around Antarctica. This circumpolar motion links the world's oceans and allows the deep water circulation from the Atlantic to rise in the Indian and Pacific Oceans and the surface circulation to close with the northward flow in the Atlantic.The color on the world's ocean's at the beginning of this animation represents surface water density, with dark regions being most dense and light regions being least dense (see the animation Sea Surface Temperature, Salinity and Density). The depths of the oceans are highly exaggerated to better illustrate the differences between the surface flows and deep water flows. The actual flows in this model are based on current theories of the thermohaline circulation rather than actual data. The thermohaline circulation is a very slow moving current that can be difficult to distinguish from general ocean circulation. Therefore, it is difficult to measure or simulate. || ", "hits": 224 }, { "id": 3623, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3623/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-08-12T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Groundwater Depletion in India Revealed by GRACE", "description": "Scientists using data from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) have found that the groundwater beneath Northern India has been receding by as much as one foot per year over the past decade. After examining many environmental and climate factors, the team of hydrologists led by Matt Rodell of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. concluded that the loss is almost entirely due to human consumption.Groundwater comes from the natural percolation of precipitation and other surface waters down through Earth's soil and rock, accumulating in aquifers - cavities and layers of porous rock, gravel, sand, or clay. In some subterranean reservoirs, the water may be thousands to millions of years old; in others, water levels decline and rise again naturally each year. Groundwater levels do not respond to changes in weather as rapidly as lakes, streams, and rivers do. So when groundwater is pumped for irrigation or other uses, recharge to the original levels can take months or years. More than 109 cubic km (26 cubic miles) of groundwater disappeared from the region's aquifers between 2002 and 2008 — double the capacity of India's largest surface water reservoir, the Upper Wainganga, and triple that of Lake Mead, the largest manmade reservoir in the U.S. The animation shown here depicts the change in groundwater levels as measured each November between 2002 to 2008. || ", "hits": 235 }, { "id": 3577, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3577/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-05-12T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Permanent Shadows on the Moon", "description": "As the Earth and Moon orbit around the Sun, there are places on the Moon that never receive direct sunlight. Most of these permanently shadowed regions are at the lunar poles. This animation approximates the permanently shadowned regions pertaining to the Moon's south pole by maintaining a maximum sun angle to the surface of 1.5 degrees. These permanently shadowed areas are of interest because they could hold water ice. (NOTE: South Pole Digital Elevation Maps [DEM] based on publically released JAXA/Selene data.) || ", "hits": 499 }, { "id": 10412, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10412/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2009-04-13T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Return to P.I.G.", "description": "Return to PIG provides an update to PIG Ice Shelf: First Contact. Though NASA researcher Bob Bindschadler had hoped to return to Pine Island Glacier Ice Shelf and continue his research during the 2009 season, this video explians how plans hit a snag. Sometimes science takes time, especially when it comes to dealing with the forbidding conditions of Antarctica. || ", "hits": 12 }, { "id": 3592, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3592/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-04-05T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Fall Arctic Sea Ice Thickness Declining Rapidly", "description": "Using five years of data from NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), a team of NASA and university scientists made the first basin-wide estimate of the thickness and volume of the Arctic Ocean ice cover between 2003 and 2008. The scientists found that younger, thinner ice has replaced older, thicker ice as the dominant type over the past five years. Until recently, the majority of Arctic ice survived at least one summer and often several. That balance has now flipped. Seasonal ice, or ice that melts and re-freezes every year, now comprises about 70 percent of the Arctic sea ice in wintertime, up from 40 to 50 percent in the 1980s and 1990s. Thicker ice - surviving two or more years - now comprises just 10 percent of ice cover, down from 30 to 40 percent in years past.Sea ice thickness has been hard to measure directly so scientists have typically used estimates of ice age to approximate thickness. With ICESat, NASA scientists were for the first time able to monitor the ice thickness and volume changes over the entire Arctic Ocean. The Arctic ice cap grows each winter as the sun sets for several months and intense cold sets in. The total volume of winter Arctic ice is equal to the volume of fresh water in Lake Superior and Lake Michigan combined. Some of that ice is naturally pushed out of the Arctic by winds, while much of it melts in place. But not all of the ice in the Arctic melts each summer, and the thicker, older ice that survives one or more summers is more likely to persist through the next summer. This older, thicker ice is declining thinner ice that is more vulnerable to summer melt. Seasonal sea ice usually reaches about 2 meters (6 feet) in thickness, while ice that has lasted through more than one summer averages 3 meters (9 feet), though it can grow much thicker in some locations near the coast. From 2003 to 2008, multi-year ice has thinned by an average of 60 centimeters (2 feet). The total ice volume in winter has decreased by 6,300 cubic kilometers, or 40 percent. The maximum extent of multi-year ice is now one-third of what it was in the 1990s. || ", "hits": 95 }, { "id": 10414, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10414/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2009-04-02T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Greenland Ice Flights", "description": "Nearly every spring since 1991, researchers including William Krabill of NASA's Wallops Flight Facility in Wallops Island, Va., have flown on a NASA aircraft over Greenland, collecting measurements of ice thickness from an altitude of about 2,000 feet. Now, on March 30, Krabill and colleagures return to collect updated measurements. This time, however, the mission is set to be more extensive than ever before, and takes place with new urgency. Radars and lasers new to the Greenland flights will be tested and calibrated with meaturements currently made from the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat). Launched in January 2003, ICESat is already more than six years beyond its three-year design lifetime and should it come to an end, the NASA aircraft will be ready to bridge the gap until the launch of ICESat-II, planned for launch no earlier than 2014.For complete transcript, click here. || Ice_Bridge_WallopsiPODLG.01327_print.jpg (1024x576) [110.6 KB] || Ice_Bridge_WallopsiPODLG_web.png (320x180) [221.7 KB] || Ice_Bridge_WallopsiPODLG_thm.png (80x40) [17.4 KB] || Ice_Bridge_Wallops_AppleTV.webmhd.webm (960x540) [63.7 MB] || Ice_Bridge_Wallopsyoutube.mov (1280x720) [75.6 MB] || Ice_Bridge_Wallops_AppleTV.m4v (960x540) [157.8 MB] || Ice_Bridge_WallopsiPODLG.m4v (640x360) [50.2 MB] || GSFC_20090402_Ice_Bridge_m10414_Wallops.en_US.srt [5.6 KB] || GSFC_20090402_Ice_Bridge_m10414_Wallops.en_US.vtt [5.4 KB] || Ice_Bridge_Wallops.mp4 (320x240) [14.1 MB] || Ice_Bridge_Wallops.wmv (346x260) [45.7 MB] || Ice_Bridge_WallopsSVS512.mpg (512x288) [41.0 MB] || ", "hits": 32 }, { "id": 10403, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10403/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2009-03-12T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "FROZEN: A Spherical Movie About the Cryosphere", "description": "NASA's home for spherical films on Magic Planet. Download the Magic Planet-ready movie file here.Released on March 27, 2009, FROZEN is NASA's second major production for the Science On a Sphere platform, a novel cinema-in-the-round technology developed by the Space Agency's sibling NOAA. Viewers see the Earth suspended in darkness as if it were floating in space. Moving across the planet's face, viewers see the undulating wisps of clouds, the ephemeral sweep of fallen snow, the churning crash of shifting ice, and more.FROZEN brings the Earth alive. Turning in space, the sphere becomes a portal onto a virtual planet, complete with churning, swirling depictions of huge natural forces moving below. FROZEN features the global cryosphere, those places on Earth where the temperature doesn't generally rise above water's freezing point. As one of the most directly observable climate gauges, the changing cryosphere serves as a proxy for larger themes.But just as thrilling as this unusual—and unusually realistic—look at the planet's structure and behavior is the sheer fun and fascination of looking at a spherically shaped movie. FROZEN bends the rules of cinema, revealing new ways to tell exciting, valuable stories of all kinds. The movie may be FROZEN, but the experience itself rockets along. || ", "hits": 40 }, { "id": 3593, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3593/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-03-05T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Fall and Winter Arctic Sea Ice Thickness Declining Rapidly", "description": "Using five years of data from NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), a team of NASA and university scientists made the first basin-wide estimate of the thickness and volume of the Arctic Ocean ice cover between 2003 and 2008. The scientists found that younger, thinner ice has replaced older, thicker ice as the dominant type over the past five years. Until recently, the majority of Arctic ice survived at least one summer and often several. That balance has now flipped. Seasonal ice, or ice that melts and re-freezes every year, now comprises about 70 percent of the Arctic sea ice in wintertime, up from 40 to 50 percent in the 1980s and 1990s. Thicker ice - surviving two or more years - now comprises just 10 percent of ice cover, down from 30 to 40 percent in years past.Sea ice thickness has been hard to measure directly so scientists have typically used estimates of ice age to approximate thickness. With ICESat, NASA scientists were for the first time able to monitor the ice thickness and volume changes over the entire Arctic Ocean. The Arctic ice cap grows each winter as the sun sets for several months and intense cold sets in. The total volume of winter Arctic ice is equal to the volume of fresh water in Lake Superior and Lake Michigan combined. Some of that ice is naturally pushed out of the Arctic by winds, while much of it melts in place. But not all of the ice in the Arctic melts each summer, and the thicker, older ice that survives one or more summers is more likely to persist through the next summer. This older, thicker ice is declining thinner ice that is more vulnerable to summer melt. Seasonal sea ice usually reaches about 2 meters (6 feet) in thickness, while ice that has lasted through more than one summer averages 3 meters (9 feet), though it can grow much thicker in some locations near the coast. From 2003 to 2008, multi-year ice has thinned by an average of 60 centimeters (2 feet). The total ice volume in winter has decreased by 6,300 cubic kilometers, or 40 percent. The maximum extent of multi-year ice is now one-third of what it was in the 1990s. || ", "hits": 84 }, { "id": 10371, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10371/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2009-01-17T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Climate Change and Polar Ice: Are We Waking Sleeping Giants w/ Dr. Waleed Abdalati", "description": "Water covers more than 70% of our planet's surface and largely governs so many things from climate change to the sustenance of life on earth. What you may not realize is the vital importance played by the solid part of our planet's water inventory. || ", "hits": 15 }, { "id": 3525, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3525/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2008-12-01T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Two Posters of Earth with Sea Ice and Clouds over a Star Background", "description": "These very high resolution images show a global view of the Earth at different orientations with Arctic sea ice on December 8,2008 and September 15, 2008. The extent of the sea ice was determined by the AMSR-E sea ice concentration data. The terrain shows the average land cover for the related months over the continents. (See Blue Marble Next Generation) The global cloud cover shown was obtained from the original Blue Marble cloud data distributed in 2002. (See Blue Marble:Clouds) A matching star background is provided. || ", "hits": 71 }, { "id": 3522, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3522/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2008-11-12T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Recent Glacier Mass Changes in the Gulf of Alaska Region from GRACE Mascon Solutions", "description": "Mass changes of the Earth's ice sheets and glacier systems are of considerable importance because of their sensitivity to climate change and their contribution to rising sea level. Recent changes in the cryosphere highlight the importance of methods for directly observing the complex spatial and temporal variation of land ice mass flux. Since its launch in March of 2002, the NASA/DLR Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission has been acquiring ultra-precise inter-satellite K-band range and range-rate (KBRR) measurements enabling a direct mapping of static and time-variable gravity. These data provide new opportunities to observe and understand ice mass changes at unprecedented temporal and spatial resolutions. In order to improve upon the ice mass change observations derived from GRACE, we have employed unique data analysis approaches to obtain lumped harmonic local mass concentration solutions (mascon solutions) from GRACE inter-satellite range-rate measurements. We have computed multi-year time series of surface mass flux for Greenland and Antarctica coastal and interior ice sheet sub-drainage systems as well as the Alaskan glacier systems. These mascon solutions provide important observations of the seasonal and inter-annual evolution of the Earth's land ice. Additionally, these solutions facilitate a detailed comparison to surface elevation change observations from spaceborne and airborne laser altimetry as well as surface melt observations. We present our latest mascon solutions of the Alaska mountain glaciers. We compare these mass flux solutions to ICESat and airborne laser altimeter observations of surface elevation change as well as surface melt observations derived from MODIS data. The combination of GRACE high-resolution mass flux observations together with the surface elevation change and surface melt observations is beginning to reveal a detailed understanding of the Earth's high latitude land ice evolution. || ", "hits": 47 }, { "id": 3563, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3563/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2008-10-29T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Sea Ice Yearly Minimum with Graph Overlay 1979-2008", "description": "The continued significant reduction in the extent of the summer sea ice cover is a dramatic illustration of the pronounced impact increased global temperatures are having on the Arctic regions. There has also been a significant reduction in the relative amount of older, thicker ice. Satellite-based passive microwave images of the sea ice cover have provided a reliable tool for continuously monitoring changes in the extent of the Arctic ice cover since 1979. The ice parameters derived from satellite ice concentration data that are most relevant to climate change studies are sea ice extent and ice area. This visualization shows ice extent in the background and ice area in the foreground. Ice extent is defined here as the integrated sum of the areas of data elements (pixels) with at least 15% ice concentration while ice area is the integrated sum of the products of the area of each pixel and the corresponding ice concentration. Ice extent provides information about how far south (or north) the ice extends in winter and how far north (or south) it retreats toward the continent in the summer while the ice area provides the total area actually covered by sea ice which is useful for estimating the total volume and therefore mass, given the average ice thickness. For more information about these ice datasets, see The Journal of Geophysical Research VOL. 113, C02S07, doi:10.1029/2007JC004257, 2008 || ", "hits": 37 }, { "id": 3487, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3487/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2008-06-01T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Draining the Oceans", "description": "Three fifths of the Earth's surface is under the ocean, and the ocean floor is as rich in detail as the land surface with which we are familiar. This animation simulates a drop in sea level that gradually reveals this detail. As the sea level drops, the continental shelves appear immediately. They are mostly visible by a depth of 140 meters, except for the Arctic and Antarctic regions, where the shelves are deeper. The mid-ocean ridges start to appear at a depth of 2000 to 3000 meters. By 6000 meters, most of the ocean is drained except for the deep ocean trenches, the deepest of which is the Marianas Trench at a depth of 10,911 meters. || ", "hits": 1579 }, { "id": 3511, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3511/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2008-05-07T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Global Permafrost Layers designed for Science On a Sphere (SOS) and WMS", "description": "Permafrost is permanently frozen ground that remains at or below 0°C for at least two years. The circumpolar permafrost and ground ice data depicts the distribution of permafrost and ground ice in the Northern Hemisphere and shows continuous, discontinuous, sporadic, and isolated permafrost boundaries. || ", "hits": 98 }, { "id": 3378, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3378/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2006-10-03T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Arctic Sea Ice Minimum Concentration for 1979-2006", "description": "This animation shows the annual minimum Arctic sea ice extent and concentration from 1979 to 2006. Average climatology from 1979 to 2004 is shown as a yellow outline. || ", "hits": 26 }, { "id": 2926, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2926/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2006-06-13T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Arctic Yearly Minimum Sea Ice Concentration 1979-2003", "description": "This animation shows the yearly minimum sea ice concentration from September for each year from 1979 through 2003. The average sea ice extent from 1979-2002 is outlined in orange. || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 2927, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2927/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2006-06-13T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Arctic Yearly Minimum Sea Ice Extent 1979-2003", "description": "This animation shows the Arctic yearly minimum sea ice extent from September for each year from 1979 through 2003. The average sea ice extent from 1979-2002 is outlined in orange. || ", "hits": 50 }, { "id": 2928, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2928/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2006-06-13T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Arctic Mean Monthly Sea Ice Concentration", "description": "This animation shows the average monthly sea ice concentration climatology derived from years 1979 through 2002. The months are displayed from September through August. || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 2929, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2929/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2006-06-13T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Monthly Arctic Sea Ice Extent", "description": "This animation shows the monthly sea ice extent climatology derived from years 1979 through 2002. The months are displayed from September through August. || ", "hits": 30 }, { "id": 2930, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2930/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2006-06-13T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "September Mean Sea Ice Concentration Anomaly fade from 2002 to 2003", "description": "This animation fades between the September mean sea ice concentration anomaly for the years 2002 and 2003. Blue values indicate a loss in sea ice concentration while red values indicate an increase. || ", "hits": 13 }, { "id": 2931, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2931/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2006-06-13T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "September Mean Sea Ice Concentration Anomaly fade from 2002 to 2003 with Mean Ice Extent Contour", "description": "This animation fades between the September mean sea ice concentration anomaly for the years 2002 and 2003. Blue values indicate a loss in sea ice concentration while red values indicate an increase. A black line marks the average sea ice extent from 1979-2002. || ", "hits": 11 }, { "id": 3489, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3489/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2006-06-01T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "2007 Sea Surface Temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico", "description": "Sea surface temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico rise due to natural summer warming. These warm surface temperatures are a contributing factor to favorable conditions that can lead to the formation of tropical storms and hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico and off the Eastern Shore of the United States. In general, hurricanes tend to form over warm ocean water whose temperature is 82 degrees Fahrenheit (approximately 27.7 degrees Celsius) or higher. These areas are depicted in yellow, orange, and red. This data was taken by the AMSR-E instrument aboard the Aqua satellite. || ", "hits": 27 }, { "id": 3266, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3266/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-09-27T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Sea Ice Minimum Concentration for 1979-2005", "description": "This animation shows the annual minimum sea ice extent and concentration for 25 years, from 1979 to 2005. Average climatology from 1979 to 2004 which is shown as a yellow outline is also included.Three year moving average are shown from 1979-1981 through 2003-2005. || ", "hits": 10 }, { "id": 3267, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3267/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-09-27T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Sea Ice Minimum Concentration 3-year moving averages for 1979-1981 to 2003-2005", "description": "This animation shows a 3-year moving average of minimum sea ice concentration for from 1979-1981 through 2003-2005. Average climatology from 1979 to 2004 which is shown as a yellow outline is also included. This line represents the average location of the edge of perennial sea ice cover. || ", "hits": 10 }, { "id": 3119, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3119/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-03-10T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "ICESat Aerosols and Clouds over Africa", "description": "This is an animation showing data from ICESat's Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS). Aerosol and cloud data are shown spanning 80 passes over the Africa region from October 4 through October 28 2003. The data are initially shown in the time order collected using an 8 day moving time window. After that, the first 40 passes are all shown at once and a flown over. || ", "hits": 0 } ] }