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            "id": 31158,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31158/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2024-03-08T17:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Antarctic Ice Mass Loss 2002-2025",
            "description": "The mass of the Antarctic ice sheet has changed over the last decades. Research based on observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites (2002-2017) and GRACE Follow-On (since 2018 - ).",
            "hits": 1911
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        {
            "id": 31156,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31156/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2024-03-08T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Greenland Ice Mass Loss 2002-2025",
            "description": "The mass of the Greenland ice sheet has rapidly declined in the last several years due to surface melting and iceberg calving. Research based on observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites (2002-2017) and GRACE Follow-On (since 2018 - ) indicates that between 2002 and 2023, Greenland shed approximately 264 gigatons of ice per year, causing global sea level to rise by 0.03 inches (0.8 millimeters) per year.",
            "hits": 1659
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        {
            "id": 31166,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31166/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2024-03-08T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "GRACE and GRACE-FO polar ice mass loss",
            "description": "The mass of the Polar ice sheets have changed over the last decades. Research based on observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites (2002-2017) and GRACE Follow-On (since 2018 - ) indicates that between 2002 and 2025, Antarctica shed approximately 135 gigatons of ice per year, causing global sea level to rise by 0.4 millimeters per year; and Greenland shed approximately 264 gigatons of ice per year, causing global sea level to rise by 0.8 millimeters per year.",
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        {
            "id": 31207,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31207/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2022-11-09T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Changes in Zachariæ Isstrøm, North East Greenland, from Landsat – 1999-2022",
            "description": "Zachariae Isstrom glacier, 1999-2022 || ZI-update-2022_00000_print.jpg (1024x576) [314.7 KB] || ZI-update-2022_00000_searchweb.png (320x180) [133.7 KB] || ZI-update-2022_00000_thm.png (80x40) [8.0 KB] || ZI-update-2022_1080p30_3.mp4 (1920x1080) [44.7 MB] || ZI-update-2022_1080p30_3.webm (1920x1080) [6.7 MB] || time-series (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || ZI-update-2022_2160p30_3.mp4 (3840x2160) [145.8 MB] || ",
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        {
            "id": 31169,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31169/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2021-12-09T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Fading Ice Areas of Northern South America",
            "description": "Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta || SierraNevadadeSantaMarta_00565_print.jpg (1024x576) [279.2 KB] || SierraNevadadeSantaMarta_00000.png (3840x2160) [2.4 MB] || SierraNevadadeSantaMarta_00565_searchweb.png (320x180) [118.1 KB] || SierraNevadadeSantaMarta_00565_thm.png (80x40) [7.5 KB] || SierraNevadadeSantaMarta_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [18.5 MB] || SierraNevadadeSantaMarta_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [4.1 MB] || SierraNevadadeSantaMarta_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [46.4 MB] || SierraNevadadeSantaMarta (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || ",
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            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4885/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2021-08-24T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Antarctic Ocean Flows: an excerpt from Atlas of a Changing Earth (Dome Master format)",
            "description": "This visualization shows how the ocean circulation in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica flows around and under the floating ice shelves and glaciers. The ocean flows are colored by temperature with blue indicating colder and red showing warmer currents.  This version is in Dome Master format. || Antarctic_flows_v209.1700_print.jpg (1024x1024) [133.8 KB] || Antarctic_flows_v209.1700_searchweb.png (180x320) [56.2 KB] || Antarctic_flows_v209.1700_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || Antarctic_flows_v209_2048p30.mp4 (2048x2048) [153.2 MB] || Antarctic_flows_v209_4096p30_h265_3.webm (4096x4096) [47.5 MB] || 4096x4096_1x1_30p (4096x4096) [0 Item(s)] || Antarctic_flows_v209_4096p30_h265_3.mp4 (4096x4096) [186.8 MB] || ",
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            "id": 4888,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4888/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2021-08-24T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Antarctic Ocean Flows: an excerpt from Atlas of a Changing Earth (4k format)",
            "description": "This visualization shows how the ocean circulation in the  Amundsen Sea, Antarctica flows around and under the floating ice shelves and glaciers.  The ocean flows are colored by temperature with blue indicating colder and red showing warmer currents.  This version includes a title, credits, narration and music.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || Antarctic_flows_2021_flat_HD_Audio.00310_print.jpg (1024x576) [81.9 KB] || Antarctic_flows_2021_flat_HD_Audio.webm (1920x1080) [16.4 MB] || Antarctic_flows_2021_flat_HD_Audio.mp4 (1920x1080) [286.8 MB] || Antarctic_flows_2021_flat_4k_Audio.en_US.srt [1.3 KB] || Antarctic_flows_2021_flat_4k_Audio.en_US.vtt [1.3 KB] || Antarctic_flows_2021_flat_4k_Audio.mp4 (3840x2160) [1.1 GB] || Antarctic_flows_2021_flat_HD_Audio.mp4.hwshow [200 bytes] || ",
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        {
            "id": 4913,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4913/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2021-07-29T19:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "ICESat-2 Maps Subglacial Lakes in Antarctica",
            "description": "Data visualization featuring precise map of Mercer and Conway subglacial lakes in West Antarctica. The visualization sequence starts with a view of the Americas and slowly zooms into the suture between the Mercer and Whillans ice streams. Surface-height anomaly data from NASA's ICESat-2 mission provide critical insight for the drain-fill cycles of subglacial lakes and aid in the discovery of two new water bodies within the same region. This data-driven visualization includes labels of ice formations close to the area of interest and repeats playback of the segment of the subglacial lakes surface-height anomalies. || SubglacialLakesCompositex2_4K60fps_0904_print.jpg (1024x576) [88.8 KB] || SubglacialLakesCompositex2_4K60fps_0904.png (3840x2160) [5.9 MB] || Compositex2 (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || SubglacialLakesCompositex2_HD60fps.mp4 (1920x1080) [58.4 MB] || SubglacialLakesCompositex2_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [53.8 MB] || SubglacialLakesCompositex2_HD60fps.webm (1920x1080) [6.9 MB] || Compositex2_4K (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || SubglacialLakesCompositex2_4K60fps.mp4 (3840x2160) [58.5 MB] || SubglacialLakesCompositex2_4K30fps.mp4 (3840x2160) [182.4 MB] || SubglacialLakesCompositex2_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [200 bytes] || ",
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            "id": 4871,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4871/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2020-11-05T15:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Ocean Flows under the Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica",
            "description": "This visualization shows the ocean currents circulating  around the Pine Island Bay  and flowing under the Pine Island Glacier. || Antarctic_flows_2020_v137_sea_lvl_rise_p30.2600_print.jpg (1024x576) [85.7 KB] || Antarctic_flows_2020_v137_sea_lvl_rise_p30.2600_searchweb.png (320x180) [84.7 KB] || Antarctic_flows_2020_v137_sea_lvl_rise_p30.2600_thm.png (80x40) [5.5 KB] || SeaLevelRise_PineIsland_ECCO_flows_fast.mp4 (1920x1080) [47.1 MB] || SeaLevelRise_PineIsland_ECCO_flows_fast.webm (1920x1080) [6.3 MB] || Antarctic_flows_2020_v137_sea_lvl_rise_1080p60.mp4 (1920x1080) [66.2 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_60p (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || SeaLevelRise_PineIsland_ECCO_flows_PRORES.mov (1920x1080) [1.4 GB] || SeaLevelRise_PineIsland_ECCO_flows_fast.mp4.hwshow [503 bytes] || ",
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        {
            "id": 13761,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13761/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2020-11-05T11:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Rising Waters: Out-of-Balance Ice Sheets",
            "description": "Music: \"Marimba Rhythms\" via Universal Production MusicComplete transcript available. || Anatomy_Glacier_Thumbnail.png (1280x720) [1.2 MB] || Anatomy_Glacier_Thumbnail_print.jpg (1024x576) [91.9 KB] || Anatomy_Glacier_Thumbnail_searchweb.png (320x180) [79.1 KB] || Anatomy_Glacier_Thumbnail_thm.png (80x40) [6.0 KB] || Anatomy_Glacier_FINAL.mov (1280x720) [1.4 GB] || Anatomy_Glacier_FINAL.mp4 (1920x1080) [197.9 MB] || Anatomy_Glacier_FINAL.webm (1920x1080) [22.6 MB] || Anatomy_Glacier_FINAL.en_US.srt [3.8 KB] || Anatomy_Glacier_FINAL.en_US.vtt [3.8 KB] || ",
            "hits": 216
        },
        {
            "id": 4804,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4804/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2020-10-13T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Greenland Ice Sheet: Three Futures",
            "description": "This movie shows the evolution of several regions of the Greenland Ice Sheet between 2008 and 2300 based on three different climate scenarios. Each scenario reflects a potential future climate outcome based on current and future greenhouse gas emmisions. The regions shown in a violet color are exposed areas of the Greenland bed that were covered by the ice sheet in 2008. || Greenland_NE_2008_2300_HD_still.2127.jpg (1920x1080) [1.0 MB] || Greenland_NE_2008_2300_HD_still.2127_print.jpg (1024x576) [159.2 KB] || Greenland_NE_2008_2300_HD_still.2127_searchweb.png (320x180) [81.1 KB] || Greenland_NE_2008_2300_HD_still.2127_thm.png (80x40) [7.1 KB] || GreenlandVizV5.webm (1920x1080) [19.7 MB] || Greenland_NE_2008_2300_HD_still.2127.tif (1920x1080) [2.0 MB] || GreenlandVizV5.mp4 (1920x1080) [181.9 MB] || GreenlandViz_FINAL.mov (1920x1080) [5.8 GB] || GreenlandVizV5.mp4.hwshow [378 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 170
        },
        {
            "id": 4834,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4834/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2020-08-31T11:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "First Global Survey of Glacial Lakes Shows 30-Years of Dramatic Growth",
            "description": "Data visualization featuring the glacier rich region of the Himalayas, along with many of Earth’s highest peaks. The visualization sequence starts with a wide view of the Tibetan plateau and moves along a hiking path highlighting Mt. Everest, Mt. Lhotse, Mt Nuptse, the Everest Base Camp, the Khumbhu glacier, all the way to Imja Lake. Moving to a top-down view of Imja Lake, a time series of Landsat data unveils its dramatic growth for the period 1989-2019.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || imja_final_4k.4600_print.jpg (1024x576) [114.8 KB] || imja_final_4k.4600_searchweb.png (320x180) [101.5 KB] || imja_final_4k.4600_web.png (320x180) [101.5 KB] || imja_final_4k.4600_thm.png (80x40) [7.5 KB] || imja_final_HD_1080p60.mp4 (1920x1080) [72.9 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_60p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || imja_final_HD_1080p60.webm (1920x1080) [19.7 MB] || with_cities (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || captions_silent.30013.en_US.srt [43 bytes] || imja_final_4k_2160p60.mp4 (3840x2160) [215.1 MB] || imja_final_2160p60_prores.mov (3840x2160) [16.9 GB] || ",
            "hits": 135
        },
        {
            "id": 13699,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13699/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2020-08-31T11:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Tracking Three Decades of Dramatic Glacial Lake Growth",
            "description": "Music: \"Dew\" by Matthew Nicholson [PRS], Suki Jeanette Finn [PRS]This video can be freely shared and downloaded. While the video in its entirety can be shared without permission, some individual imagery provided by pond5.com is obtained through permission and may not be excised or remixed in other products. Specific details on stock footage may be found here. For more information on NASA’s media guidelines, visit https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/guidelines/index.html.Complete transcript available. || ImjaLake.jpg (1920x1080) [1.2 MB] || ImjaLake_print.jpg (1024x576) [382.8 KB] || ImjaLake_searchweb.png (320x180) [109.6 KB] || ImjaLake_web.png (320x180) [109.6 KB] || ImjaLake_thm.png (80x40) [7.5 KB] || 13699_GlacierLake820.mov (1920x1080) [1.9 GB] || 13699_GlacierLake820.mp4 (1920x1080) [138.4 MB] || 13699_GlacierLake820.webm (1920x1080) [15.0 MB] || GlacierLake820.en_US.srt [2.1 KB] || GlacierLake820.en_US.vtt [2.1 KB] || ",
            "hits": 96
        },
        {
            "id": 13660,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13660/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2020-07-13T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Flying Alaska's Glaciers with Operation IceBridge",
            "description": "After the launch of ICESat-2 in 2018, Operation IceBridge mostly came to a close. However, Operation IceBridge Alaska continues to work in the field studying and recording ice thickness in the region. Scientists from University Alaska Fairbanks observe sea ice, glaciers, and ice sheets via specially retrofitted aircrafts. || ",
            "hits": 13
        },
        {
            "id": 4773,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4773/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2019-12-12T03:30:00-05:00",
            "title": "BedMachine: A high-precision map of Antarctic ice sheet bed topography",
            "description": "BedMachine is a new Antarctic bed topography product based on ice thickness data from 19 different research institutes dating back to 1967, encompassing nearly a million line-miles of radar soundings. BedMachine relies on the fundamental physics-based method of mass conservation to estimate what lies between the radar sounding lines, utilizing highly detailed information on ice flow motion from satellite data that dictates how ice moves. The dataset is available from the National Snow & Ice Data Center here. || ",
            "hits": 597
        },
        {
            "id": 13298,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13298/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2019-12-09T17:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge - Alaskan Landscape",
            "description": "In Alaska, 5 percent of the land is covered by glaciers that are losing a lot of ice and contributing to sea level rise. To monitor these changes, a small team of NASA-funded researchers has been flying scientific instruments on a bright red, single-engine plane since spring 2009.While scientists at the Goddard Space Flight Center managed the two larger yearly field campaigns in the Arctic and Antarctica, monitoring Alaskan glaciers fell on a smaller team based at the University of Fairbanks, Alaska. || ",
            "hits": 124
        },
        {
            "id": 13299,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13299/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2019-12-09T17:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge - Alaskan Glaciers",
            "description": "In Alaska, 5 percent of the land is covered by glaciers that are losing a lot of ice and contributing to sea level rise. To monitor these changes, a small team of NASA-funded researchers has been flying scientific instruments on a bright red, single-engine plane since spring 2009.While scientists at the Goddard Space Flight Center managed the two larger yearly field campaigns in the Arctic and Antarctica, monitoring Alaskan glaciers fell on a smaller team based at the University of Fairbanks, Alaska. || ",
            "hits": 118
        },
        {
            "id": 13490,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13490/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2019-12-09T17:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge - Alaskan Operations",
            "description": "In Alaska, 5 percent of the land is covered by glaciers that are losing a lot of ice and contributing to sea level rise. To monitor these changes, a small team of NASA-funded researchers has been flying scientific instruments on a bright red, single-engine plane since spring 2009.While scientists at the Goddard Space Flight Center managed the two larger yearly field campaigns in the Arctic and Antarctica, monitoring Alaskan glaciers fell on a smaller team based at the University of Fairbanks, Alaska. || ",
            "hits": 19
        },
        {
            "id": 13492,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13492/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2019-12-09T16:20:00-05:00",
            "title": "48 Years of Alaska Glaciers",
            "description": "Mark Fahnestock, a scientist with the Geological Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, has assembled annual mosaics of all the glaciers in Alaska and the Yukon using Landsat images going back to 1972. Using these mosaics, Mark is able to study glacier motion and speed.All music published by  Atmosphere Music Ltd [PRS]: Inducing Waves, composer Ben Niblett [PRS] Jon Cotton [PRS]; Critical Pathway, composer Rik Carter [PRS]; Emerging Discovery, composer Rik Carter [PRS]Complete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || 13492_Alaska_Glaciers_mosaic_print.jpg (1920x1080) [1.0 MB] || 13492_Alaska_Glaciers_mosaic_print_searchweb.png (320x180) [135.5 KB] || 13492_Alaska_Glaciers_mosaic_print_thm.png (80x40) [9.0 KB] || 13492_Alaska_Glaciers.mov (1920x1080) [4.3 GB] || 13492_Alaska_Glaciers.mp4 (1920x1080) [516.6 MB] || 13492_Alaska_Glaciers.webm (1920x1080) [38.7 MB] || 13492_Alaska_Glaciers-captions.en_US.srt [5.9 KB] || 13492_Alaska_Glaciers-captions.en_US.vtt [5.9 KB] || ",
            "hits": 298
        },
        {
            "id": 13469,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13469/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2019-12-09T14:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge - Greenland Glaciers",
            "description": "Greenland’s more than 200 major outlet glaciers are constantly on the move, most of them draining ice from the central ice sheet. Jakobshavn is Greenland’s fastest-moving glacier, and the flow rate is variable with spurts of speed in the summer and additional variation from year to year.When an ice tongue such as the Jakobshavn calves, the glacier feeding that ice tongue typically accelerates. Reduced friction between the intact glacier and the bedrock, and reduced buoyancy from the seawater (which partially offsets the glacier’s downhill flow) mean less resistance to glacier movement. Warming conditions in the Arctic contribute to glacier acceleration in multiple ways. Warmer conditions can send meltwater to the glacier’s base, increasing lubrication and consequently glacier speed. During the winter, the rate of iceberg calving usually slows significantly; the glacier tongue advances, and its flow speed drops. Warm winters, however, may allow iceberg calving and high flow rates to continue.Since 2000, Greenland has lost some 739 gigatons of ice, and approximately 30 percent of that loss came from Jakobshavn and four other glaciers || ",
            "hits": 174
        },
        {
            "id": 13471,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13471/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2019-12-09T14:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge - Icebergs",
            "description": "Icebergs start as land ice—snow that has accumulated on land and, over the course of many years, has been compacted into ice. When this glacial ice flows downstream and reaches the sea, cracks in the ice are widened as warm water and air melt the ice from below and above, respectively. When these cracks become large enough, pieces break off like fingernail clippings and drift into the water as icebergs. || ",
            "hits": 103
        },
        {
            "id": 13478,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13478/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2019-12-09T14:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge - Thule Ice Sheet Scenics",
            "description": "Frozen sea ice outside of the Thule Air Base in Greenland provided project scientists a chance to get up close to locked icebergs and other features. || ",
            "hits": 139
        },
        {
            "id": 13441,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13441/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2019-12-09T13:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge - Pine Island Glacier",
            "description": "Pine Island Glacier is one of many outlet glaciers around the perimeter of Antarctica, but observations have shown that this glacier is worth extra attention. It is, along with neighboring Thwaites Glacier, one of the main pathways for ice entering the Amundsen Sea from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and one the fastest-retreating glaciers in Antarctica. Collectively, the region contains enough vulnerable ice to raise global sea level by 1.2 meters (4 feet).Operation IceBridge routinely surveyed the glacier during its annual missions over the continent. || ",
            "hits": 21
        },
        {
            "id": 13444,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13444/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2019-12-09T13:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge - Antarctic Transits",
            "description": "NASA is carrying out its sixth consecutive year of Operation IceBridge research flights over Antarctica in 2014 to study changes in the continent’s ice sheet, glaciers and sea ice. For several weeks, researchers flew aboard NASA’s DC-8 research aircraft out of Punta Arenas, Chile. || ",
            "hits": 29
        },
        {
            "id": 13445,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13445/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2019-12-09T13:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge - Crew Activity Oboard",
            "description": "NASA's P-3B and DC-8 airborne laboratories have been the workhorses of Operation IceBridge. These aircraft house several sophisticated instruments for measuring snow depth, ice elevation and thickness, surface temperature, bed topography and other characteristics of sea ice, ice sheets and glaciers. || ",
            "hits": 20
        },
        {
            "id": 4743,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4743/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2019-07-30T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Greenland's Jakobshavn Region: Three Simulated Greenland Ice Sheet Response Scenarios: 2008 - 2300",
            "description": "The Greenland Ice Sheet holds enough water to raise the world’s sea level by over 7 meters (23 feet). Rising atmosphere and ocean temperatures have led to an ice loss equivalent to over a centimeter increase in global mean sea-level between 1991 and 2015. Large outlet glaciers, rivers of ice moving to the sea, drain the ice from the interior of Greenland and cause the outer margins of the ice sheet to recede. Improvements in measuring the ice thickness in ice sheets is enabling better simulation of the flow in outlet glaciers, which is key to predicting the retreat of ice sheets into the future.Recently, a simulation of the effects of outlet glacier flow on ice sheet thickness coupled with improved data and comprehensive climate modeling for differing future climate scenarios has been used to estimate Greenland’s contribution to sea-level over the next millennium. Greenland could contribute 5–34 cm (2-13 inches) to sea-level by 2100 and 11–162 cm (4-64 inches) by 2200, with outlet glaciers contributing 19–40 % of the total mass loss. The analysis shows that uncertainties in projecting mass loss are dominated by uncertainties in climate scenarios and surface processes, followed by ice dynamics. Uncertainties in ocean conditions play a minor role, particularly in the long term. Greenland will very likely become ice-free within a millennium without significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.Three visualizations of the evolution of the Jakobshavn region of the Greenland Ice Sheet between 2008 and 2300 based on three different climate scenarios are shown below. Each scenario is described briefly in the caption under each visualization. Each of the three visualizations are provided with a date, colorbar and a distance scale as well as without. The regions shown in a violet color are exposed areas of the Greenland bed that were covered by the ice sheet in 2008.The data sets used for these animations are the control (“CTRL”) simulations and were produced with the open-source Parallel Ice Sheet Model . All data sets for this study are publicly available at the NSF Arctic Data Center || ",
            "hits": 155
        },
        {
            "id": 4706,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4706/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2019-07-28T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Greenland's Hiawatha Crater",
            "description": "This visualization shows the location of the Hiawatha Glacier near Inglefield Land in northwest Greenland. The surface of the ice sheet fades away to show the impact crater discovered beneath the ice sheet. A red cylinder shows the best-fit rim of the impact crater and a measuring stick shows that the diameter of the crater is more than 31 kilometers across. The size of the crater is compared to the cities of Washington, DC and Paris, France.The visualization also shows how the scientists from Germany's Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI)  flew the Polar 6 aircraft (a DC-3T) to collect radar data over the Hiawatha impact crater.  The radar data is shown in detail as curtains of the radar data are dissolved away to display the layers of the ice sheet in the interior of the crater. || Hiawatha.0590_print.jpg (1024x576) [150.4 KB] || Hiawatha.0590_searchweb.png (320x180) [88.4 KB] || Hiawatha.0590_thm.png (80x40) [6.2 KB] || 4706_Hiawatha_Crater.webmhd.webm (1080x606) [23.5 MB] || 4706_Hiawatha_Crater.mp4 (1920x1080) [228.6 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || 4706_Hiawatha_Crater.en_US.vtt [2.1 KB] || 4706_Hiawatha_Crater.en_US.srt [2.0 KB] || Hiawatha_Prores_4k.mp4 (3840x2160) [566.2 MB] || 4706_Hiawatha_Crater.mov (1920x1080) [1.9 GB] || Hiawatha_Prores_4k.mov (3840x2160) [7.6 GB] || ",
            "hits": 215
        },
        {
            "id": 4738,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4738/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2019-07-24T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Northeast Regional View of Three Simulated Greenland Ice Sheet Response Scenarios: 2008 - 2300",
            "description": "The Greenland Ice Sheet holds enough water to raise the world’s sea level by over 7 meters (23 feet). Rising atmosphere and ocean temperatures have led to an ice loss equivalent to over a centimeter increase in global mean sea-level between 1991 and 2015. Large outlet glaciers, rivers of ice moving to the sea, drain the ice from the interior of Greenland and cause the outer margins of the ice sheet to recede. Improvements in measuring the ice thickness in ice sheets is enabling better simulation of the flow in outlet glaciers, which is key to predicting the retreat of ice sheets into the future.Recently, a simulation of the effects of outlet glacier flow on ice sheet thickness coupled with improved data and comprehensive climate modeling for differing future climate scenarios has been used to estimate Greenland’s contribution to sea-level over the next millennium. Greenland could contribute 5–34 cm (2-13 inches) to sea-level by 2100 and 11–162 cm (4-64 inches) by 2200, with outlet glaciers contributing 19–40 % of the total mass loss. The analysis shows that uncertainties in projecting mass loss are dominated by uncertainties in climate scenarios and surface processes, followed by ice dynamics. Uncertainties in ocean conditions play a minor role, particularly in the long term. Greenland will very likely become ice-free within a millennium without significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.Three visualizations of the evolution of the northeastern region of the Greenland Ice Sheet between 2008 and 2300 based on three different climate scenarios are shown below. Each scenario is described briefly in the caption under each visualization. Each of the three visualizations are provided with a date, colorbar and a distance scale as well as without. The regions shown in a violet color are exposed areas of the Greenland bed that were covered by the ice sheet in 2008.The data sets used for these animations are the control (“CTRL”) simulations and were produced with the open-source Parallel Ice Sheet Model . All data sets for this study are publicly available at the NSF Arctic Data Center || ",
            "hits": 126
        },
        {
            "id": 4739,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4739/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2019-07-24T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Northwest Regional View of Three Simulated Greenland Ice Sheet Response Scenarios: 2008 - 2300",
            "description": "The Greenland Ice Sheet holds enough water to raise the world’s sea level by over 7 meters (23 feet). Rising atmosphere and ocean temperatures have led to an ice loss equivalent to over a centimeter increase in global mean sea-level between 1991 and 2015. Large outlet glaciers, rivers of ice moving to the sea, drain the ice from the interior of Greenland and cause the outer margins of the ice sheet to recede. Improvements in measuring the ice thickness in ice sheets is enabling better simulation of the flow in outlet glaciers, which is key to predicting the retreat of ice sheets into the future.Recently, a simulation of the effects of outlet glacier flow on ice sheet thickness coupled with improved data and comprehensive climate modeling for differing future climate scenarios has been used to estimate Greenland’s contribution to sea-level over the next millennium. Greenland could contribute 5–34 cm (2-13 inches) to sea-level by 2100 and 11–162 cm (4-64 inches) by 2200, with outlet glaciers contributing 19–40 % of the total mass loss. The analysis shows that uncertainties in projecting mass loss are dominated by uncertainties in climate scenarios and surface processes, followed by ice dynamics. Uncertainties in ocean conditions play a minor role, particularly in the long term. Greenland will very likely become ice-free within a millennium without significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.Three visualizations of the evolution of the northwest region of the Greenland Ice Sheet between 2008 and 2300 based on three different climate scenarios are shown below. Each scenario is described briefly in the caption under each visualization. Each of the three visualizations are provided with a date, colorbar and a distance scale as well as without. The regions shown in a violet color are exposed areas of the Greenland bed that were covered by the ice sheet in 2008.The data sets used for these animations are the control (“CTRL”) simulations and were produced with the open-source Parallel Ice Sheet Model . All data sets for this study are publicly available at the NSF Arctic Data Center || ",
            "hits": 154
        },
        {
            "id": 4721,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4721/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2019-06-19T14:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Three Simulated Greenland Ice Sheet Response Scenarios: 2008 - 2300",
            "description": "The Greenland Ice Sheet holds enough water to raise the world’s sea level by over 7 meters (23 feet). Rising atmosphere and ocean temperatures have led to an ice loss equivalent to over a centimeter increase in global mean sea-level between 1991 and 2015.  Large outlet glaciers, rivers of ice moving to the sea, drain the ice from the interior of Greenland and cause the outer margins of the ice sheet to recede. Improvements in measuring the ice thickness in ice sheets is enabling better simulation of the flow in outlet glaciers, which is key to predicting the retreat of ice sheets into the future.Recently, a simulation of the effects of outlet glacier flow on ice sheet thickness coupled with improved data and comprehensive climate modeling for differing future climate scenarios has been used to estimate Greenland’s contribution to sea-level over the next millennium. Greenland could contribute 5–34 cm (2-13 inches) to sea-level by 2100 and 11–162 cm (4-64 inches) by 2200, with outlet glaciers contributing 19–40 % of the total mass loss. The analysis shows that uncertainties in projecting mass loss are dominated by uncertainties in climate scenarios and surface processes, followed by ice dynamics. Uncertainties in ocean conditions play a minor role, particularly in the long term. Greenland will very likely become ice-free within a millennium without significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.Three visualizations of the evolution of the Jakobshavn region of the Greenland Ice Sheet between 2008 and 2300 based on three different climate scenarios are shown below.   The camera zooms in slowly as the ice sheet retreats and pulls out to a view of the entire ice sheet in the year 2300. Each scenario is described briefly in the caption under each visualization. Each of the three visualizations are provided with a date, colorbar and a distance scale as well as without.  The regions shown in a violet color are exposed areas of the Greenland bed that were covered by the ice sheet in 2008.The data sets used for these animations are the control (“CTRL”) simulations and were produced with the open-source Parallel Ice Sheet Model (www.pism-docs.org). All data sets for this study are publicly available at https://arcticdata.io (doi:10.18739/A2Z60C21V). || ",
            "hits": 59
        },
        {
            "id": 4722,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4722/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2019-06-19T14:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Jakobshavn Regional View of Three Simulated Greenland Ice Sheet Response Scenarios: 2008 - 2300",
            "description": "The Greenland Ice Sheet holds enough water to raise the world’s sea level by over 7 meters (23 feet). Rising atmosphere and ocean temperatures have led to an ice loss equivalent to over a centimeter increase in global mean sea-level between 1991 and 2015.  Large outlet glaciers, rivers of ice moving to the sea, drain the ice from the interior of Greenland and cause the outer margins of the ice sheet to recede.  Improvements in measuring the ice thickness in ice sheets is enabling better simulation of the flow in outlet glaciers, which is key to predicting the retreat of ice sheets into the future.Recently, a simulation of the effects of outlet glacier flow on ice sheet thickness coupled with improved data and comprehensive climate modeling for differing future climate scenarios has been used to estimate Greenland’s contribution to sea-level over the next millennium. Greenland could contribute 5–34 cm (2-13 inches) to sea-level by 2100 and 11–162 cm (4-64 inches) by 2200, with outlet glaciers contributing 19–40 % of the total mass loss. The analysis shows that uncertainties in projecting mass loss are dominated by uncertainties in climate scenarios and surface processes, followed by ice dynamics.  Uncertainties in ocean conditions play a minor role, particularly in the long term. Greenland will very likely become ice-free within a millennium without significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.Three visualizations of the evolution of the Jakobshavn region of the Greenland Ice Sheet between 2008 and 2300 based on three different climate scenarios are shown below. Each scenario is described briefly in the caption under each visualization.  Each of the three visualizations are provided with a date, colorbar and a distance scale as well as without. The regions shown in a violet color are exposed areas of the Greenland bed that were covered by the ice sheet in 2008.The data sets used for these animations are the control (“CTRL”) simulations and were produced with the open-source Parallel Ice Sheet Model (www.pism-docs.org). All data sets for this study are publicly available at https://arcticdata.io (doi:10.18739/A2Z60C21V). || ",
            "hits": 38
        },
        {
            "id": 4727,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4727/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2019-06-19T14:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Greenland View of Three Simulated Greenland Ice Sheet Response Scenarios: 2008 - 2300",
            "description": "The Greenland Ice Sheet holds enough water to raise the world’s sea level by over 7 meters (23 feet). Rising atmosphere and ocean temperatures have led to an ice loss equivalent to over a centimeter increase in global mean sea-level between 1991 and 2015. Large outlet glaciers, rivers of ice moving to the sea, drain the ice from the interior of Greenland and cause the outer margins of the ice sheet to recede. Improvements in measuring the ice thickness in ice sheets is enabling better simulation of the flow in outlet glaciers, which is key to predicting the retreat of ice sheets into the future.Recently, a simulation of the effects of outlet glacier flow on ice sheet thickness coupled with improved data and comprehensive climate modeling for differing future climate scenarios has been used to estimate Greenland’s contribution to sea-level over the next millennium. Greenland could contribute 5–34 cm (2-13 inches) to sea-level by 2100 and 11–162 cm (4-64 inches) by 2200, with outlet glaciers contributing 19–40 % of the total mass loss. The analysis shows that uncertainties in projecting mass loss are dominated by uncertainties in climate scenarios and surface processes, followed by ice dynamics. Uncertainties in ocean conditions play a minor role, particularly in the long term. Greenland will very likely become ice-free within a millennium without significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.Three visualizations of the evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet between 2008 and 2300 based on three different climate scenarios are shown below. Each scenario is described briefly in the caption under each visualization. Each of the three visualizations are provided with a date and colorbar as well as without.  The regions shown in a violet color are exposed areas of the Greenland bed that were covered by the ice sheet in 2008.The data sets used for these animations are the control (“CTRL”) simulations and were produced with the open-source Parallel Ice Sheet Model (www.pism-docs.org). All data sets for this study are publicly available at https://arcticdata.io (doi:10.18739/A2Z60C21V). || ",
            "hits": 257
        },
        {
            "id": 4625,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4625/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2019-05-17T17:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "25 Years of Antarctic Land Ice Elevation Change Anomalies (West Coast Fly Over)",
            "description": "This data visualization depicts the last 25 years of land ice elevation change. Areas in red indicate land ice loss. Areas in blue are regions that saw land ice elevation gains. The camera starts with a view of the Earth and then flies down to Antarctica where it pauses to watch the 25 years of data unfold. Once the data reaches the end of 2017, the camera then flies down over the western Antarctic coast and then backs up across the central region. || expo_comp.1200_print.jpg (1024x576) [64.8 KB] || expo_comp.1200_searchweb.png (320x180) [56.2 KB] || expo_comp.1200_thm.png (80x40) [5.4 KB] || expo_comp_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [65.3 MB] || expo_comp_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [21.1 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [256.0 KB] || ",
            "hits": 66
        },
        {
            "id": 4689,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4689/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2019-04-01T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Kennicott Glacier Time Lapse Traverse (2013 - 2015)",
            "description": "Rasterized lidar data of Kennicott Glacier, Alaska from 2013 to 2015. The camera starts at the southern part of the glacier and moves northward along most of it's length. || ken_comp.00000_print.jpg (1024x576) [81.1 KB] || ken_comp.00000_searchweb.png (320x180) [72.4 KB] || ken_comp.00000_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || Example_Composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || ken_comp_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [111.4 MB] || ken_comp_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [417.7 MB] || ken_comp_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [182 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 117
        },
        {
            "id": 4688,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4688/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2019-03-25T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Jakobshavn's Interrupted Thinning Explained",
            "description": "This visualization shows a variety of data from the oceans and ice to help explain why the Jakobshavn glacier grew thicker and advanced between 2016 and 2017.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || Jakob_comp_final.3462_print.jpg (1024x576) [311.2 KB] || Jakob_comp_final_1080p30.webmhd.webm (1080x606) [30.5 MB] || Jakobshavn_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [15.9 MB] || final_composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Jakobshavn_720p30.mp4 (1280x720) [110.0 MB] || Jakobshavn_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [201.3 MB] || Jakobshavn_youtube_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [241.5 MB] || captions_silent.26988.en_US.srt [43 bytes] || captions_silent.26988.en_US.vtt [56 bytes] || Jakobshavn_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [184 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 152
        },
        {
            "id": 13092,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13092/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2019-03-25T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Greenland's Jakobshavn Glacier Reacts to Changing Ocean Temperatures",
            "description": "NASA's Oceans Melting Greenland (OMG) mission uses ships and planes to measure how ocean temperatures affect Greenland's vast icy expanses. Jakobshavn Glacier, known in Greenlandic as Sermeq Kujalle, on Greenland's central western side, has been one of the island's largest contributor's to sea level rise, losing mass at an accelerating rate. In a new study, the OMG team found that between 2016 and 2017, Jakobshavn Glacier grew slightly and the rate of mass loss slowed down. They traced the causes of this thickening to a temporary cooling of ocean temperatures in the region. || ",
            "hits": 23
        },
        {
            "id": 4691,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4691/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2019-02-11T11:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "A possible second large subglacial impact crater in northwest Greenland",
            "description": "As this visualization draws near to the northwest coast of Greenland where the Hiawatha Glacier is located, the ice sheet is cut away to show the topography of Greenland's bedrock lying beneath the ice sheet at 20x vertical exaggeration. The Hiawatha crater is clearly visible in the topography. Farther inland another, subtler circular depression can be seen. The edge picks of this depression are shown as vertical bars, while potential central peaks are marked by orange pyramids. As we rotate around the depression, the location of the best-fit circle to the edge picks appears and that circle's center is marked with an \"X\". This circle matches well with both the edge of the bedrock depression and also the residual slope of the ice surface as it flows over this depression (not shown), strongly supporting the inference that this depression is another large impact crater.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || C2_Crater_4k.1524_print.jpg (1024x576) [111.8 KB] || C2_Crater_4k.1524_searchweb.png (320x180) [88.0 KB] || C2_Crater_4k.1524_thm.png (80x40) [7.2 KB] || C2_Crater_4k_1080p30_low.mp4 (1920x1080) [23.1 MB] || C2_Crater_4k_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [47.8 MB] || C2_Crater_4k_1080p30.webmhd.webm (1080x606) [11.6 MB] || C2_Crater_4k_2160p30_low.mp4 (3840x2160) [48.2 MB] || C2_Crater_4k_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [85.9 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || captions_silent.24907.en_US.srt [43 bytes] || captions_silent.24907.en_US.vtt [56 bytes] || C2_Crater_4K_YouTube.mp4 (3840x2160) [245.6 MB] || C2_Crater_4K_ProRes.mov (3840x2160) [3.4 GB] || C2_Crater_4k_1080p30_low.mp4.hwshow [190 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 56
        },
        {
            "id": 13554,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13554/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2018-12-19T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "NASA Explorers | Season One: Cryosphere",
            "description": "Music: Very Fast Swing by Claude Salmieri and Fabien Colella Complete transcript available. || CRYO_Trailer_Thumbnail.png (1920x1080) [926.9 KB] || CRYO_Trailer_Thumbnail_print.jpg (1024x576) [57.5 KB] || CRYO_Trailer_Thumbnail_searchweb.png (320x180) [65.6 KB] || CRYO_Trailer_Thumbnail_thm.png (80x40) [6.0 KB] || Cryo_ShowTeaser.mp4 (1920x1080) [46.5 MB] || Cryo_ShowTeaser.webm (1920x1080) [5.0 MB] || CryoTeaser_FINAL.en_US.srt [966 bytes] || CryoTeaser_FINAL.en_US.vtt [979 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 82
        },
        {
            "id": 4572,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4572/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2018-11-14T14:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "The Hiawatha Impact Crater",
            "description": "The series of visualizations below are derived from satellite imagery and radar sounding. They portray both the location and size of the 31-kilometer-wide impact crater beneath Hiawatha Glacier. They also portray the structure of the glacier ice that flows into and fills the crater.The Hiawatha impact crater was first suspected to exist in the summer of 2015, from examination of a compilation of Greenland's sub-ice topography radar measurements made by NASA over two decades. The visualizations of the subsurface shown below are derived from a spring 2016 airborne survey by Germany's Alfred Wegener Institute, using a new ultrawideband radar sounder developed by the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets at The University of Kansas. Subsequent helicopter visits to the deglaciated terrain in front of Hiawatha Glacier by scientists from the Natural History Museum in Denmark recovered sediment samples from the main river that discharges water from beneath Hiawatha Glacier, through the northwestern rim breach. Laboratory examination revealed that these sediment samples contained shocked quartz and elevated platinum-group-element concentrations, both signs that the sediment records evidence of the impact of an iron asteroid more than one kilometer wide. The Hiawatha impact crater is potentially one of the youngest large impact craters on Earth.In the visualizations below, the elevation of the topography of the bed, the ice surface and the radar curtains have been exaggerated ten times in order to better illustrate their structure. || ",
            "hits": 420
        },
        {
            "id": 13110,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13110/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2018-11-08T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "NASA's View of Pine Island Glacier's Latest Iceberg",
            "description": "Last week, Antarctica's Pine Island Glacier calved a massive iceberg, known as Iceberg B-46, into the Amundsen Sea. Pine Island has lost several large icebergs in the last few years -- it's one of the most rapidly melting glaciers in the Antarctic and a significant contributor to sea level rise.NASA's Operation IceBridge flew over Pine Island Glacier on Nov. 7, capturing images and collecting data over the newly formed iceberg and remaining glacier.Read more about the new iceberg. || ",
            "hits": 25
        },
        {
            "id": 4678,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4678/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2018-09-07T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Rink Glacier Multi-Year Surface Elevation Comparison",
            "description": "Since 1993, the Airborne Topographic Mapper or ATM has been monitoring elevation changes of 160 outlet glaciers in Greenland, many of them on an almost annual basis.  Rink Glacier in central west Greenland is one example of a 25-year-long time series of elevation changes.  In these visualizations, elevation data for each aircraft flight over the glacier are illustrated using spheres 1m in diameter, with each sphere representing a specific measurement.  When viewed together, the spheres form sheets defining the observed surface of the glacier for a given year.  The spheres are colored by year, and over time we can see how the glacier's elevation changes. Towards the end of the visualization, the study area of the Rink Glacier is compared to the future coverage of the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2), as represented by bright green crisscrossing ground tracks. || ",
            "hits": 93
        },
        {
            "id": 30987,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30987/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2018-08-29T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "ICESat-2 Overview",
            "description": "ICESat-2 diagram || ICESat-2_diagram_print.jpg (1024x574) [635.6 KB] || ICESat-2_diagram.jpg (4104x2304) [4.9 MB] || ICESat-2_diagram_searchweb.png (320x180) [110.2 KB] || ICESat-2_diagram_thm.png (80x40) [6.4 KB] || ICESat-2_diagram.hwshow [200 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 29
        },
        {
            "id": 12906,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12906/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2018-03-26T15:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Two New Satellites Set to Study One of Earth's Most Critically Changing Regions",
            "description": "In 2018, NASA will intensify its focus on one of the most critical but remote parts of our changing planet with the launch of two new satellite missions and an array of airborne campaigns. GRACE-FO and ICESat-2 will use radically different techniques to observe how the massive ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica are changing over time and how much they are contributing to sea level rise. The space agency is launching these missions at a time when decades of observations from the ground, air, and space have revealed signs of change in Earth's ice sheets, sea ice, glaciers, snow cover, and permafrost. Collectively, scientists call these frozen regions of our planet the \"cryosphere.\" || ",
            "hits": 30
        },
        {
            "id": 30923,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30923/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2017-12-07T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Calving of A-68 from the Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctica 2016-2017",
            "description": "Developing rift || LarsenC_2016_2017_LandsatVIIRSMODIS_Series.Slide3_print.jpg (1024x574) [202.9 KB] || LarsenC_2016_2017_LandsatVIIRSMODIS_Series.Slide3.png (4104x2304) [11.3 MB] || ",
            "hits": 45
        },
        {
            "id": 30914,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30914/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2017-12-06T14:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Pine Island Glacier Retreat, Antarctica",
            "description": "This visualization shows Sentinel-1 imagery from October 2014 to October 2017 over Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica. The advance and retreat of the front of this ~35-kilometer (~22-mile) wide outlet glacier can be seen in this 6-day interval image series. The rapid flow of inland ice causes the glacier front to advance and two major calving events cause the ice front to retreat.Combined, the 2015 and 2017 calving events have led to the glacier’s ice front being fully disconnected from the North Ice Shelf. The changes to this large outlet from West Antarctica could signal additional sea level contributions from this glacier and the even larger outlet to the west, Thwaites Glacier.Credit: Stef Lhermitte, Delft University of Technology, NetherlandsContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2017), processed by ESA || pine_island_1080p.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [180.8 KB] || pine_island_1080p.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [98.2 KB] || pine_island_1080p.00001_thm.png (80x40) [6.7 KB] || pine_island_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [54.5 MB] || pine_island_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [26.3 MB] || pine_island_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [5.0 MB] || 4104x2304_16x9_30p (4104x2304) [0 Item(s)] || pine_island_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [156.5 MB] || ",
            "hits": 175
        },
        {
            "id": 12666,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12666/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2017-08-11T16:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Scientists Bury GPS in Antarctic Ice to Measure Effects of Tides",
            "description": "NASA scientists and ice sheet modelers, Ryan Walker and Christine Dow, traveled to a remote location on the coast of Antarctic to investigate how tides affect the movement and stability of the Nansen Ice Shelf, a 695-mile extension of ice protruding into Antarctica’s Ross Sea. Relatively understudied, Nansen’s manageable size lends itself to becoming a proxy for predicting how larger ice shelves will contribute to sea level rise in the decades and centuries to come. By studying the impact of tides, Walker and Dow are able to determine how the rise and fall of floating ice sheets may impact the likelihood of an eventual ice shelf collapse.Complete transcript available.Music: Tiptoe Marimba by Brightside Studio || LARGE_MP4-Nansen_0711217_FINAL_V3_large.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [78.0 KB] || LARGE_MP4-Nansen_0711217_FINAL_V3_large.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [57.6 KB] || LARGE_MP4-Nansen_0711217_FINAL_V3_large.00001_thm.png (80x40) [4.4 KB] || LARGE_MP4-Nansen_0711217_FINAL_V3_large.00001_web.png (320x180) [57.6 KB] || APPLE_TV-Nansen_0711217_FINAL_V3_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [129.6 MB] || FACEBOOK_720-Nansen_0711217_FINAL_V3_facebook_720.mp4 (1280x720) [302.8 MB] || LARGE_MP4-Nansen_0711217_FINAL_V3_large.mp4 (1280x720) [244.4 MB] || Nansen_0711217_FINAL_V3.mov (1280x720) [2.6 GB] || TWITTER_720-Nansen_0711217_FINAL_V3_twitter_720.mp4 (1280x720) [53.9 MB] || WEBM-Nansen_0711217_FINAL_V3.webm (960x540) [97.5 MB] || YOUTUBE_1080-Nansen_0711217_FINAL_V3_youtube_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [403.4 MB] || YOUTUBE_720-Nansen_0711217_FINAL_V3_youtube_720.mp4 (1280x720) [404.4 MB] || APPLE_TV-Nansen_0711217_FINAL_V3_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [129.7 MB] || 12666_Nansen_080717.en_US.srt [4.4 KB] || 12666_Nansen_080717.en_US.vtt [4.4 KB] || Nansen_0711217_FINAL_V3_lowres.mp4 (480x272) [32.5 MB] || ",
            "hits": 63
        },
        {
            "id": 30890,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30890/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2017-08-03T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Landsat 'Sees in the Dark' the Evolution of Antarctica’s Delaware-Sized Iceberg",
            "description": "Evolution of Larsen C ice shelf leading up to and following the calving || larsencriftevolution20162017v5.png (3427x1650) [5.0 MB] || larsencriftevolution20162017v5_print.jpg (1024x493) [158.0 KB] || larsencriftevolution20162017v5_searchweb.png (320x180) [69.6 KB] || larsencriftevolution20162017v5_thm.png (80x40) [6.3 KB] || ",
            "hits": 165
        },
        {
            "id": 4566,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4566/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2017-07-28T14:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Operation Icebridge Studies Changes in Greenland's Helheim Glacier",
            "description": "Flying down the Helheim Glacier in Greenland as ATM altimetry date is shown - first with data from 1998 then data from 2013 is added || dms20.3800_print.jpg (1024x576) [143.9 KB] || dms20.3800_searchweb.png (180x320) [55.0 KB] || dms20.3800_thm.png (80x40) [3.6 KB] || atm (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || atm.webm (1920x1080) [30.8 MB] || atm.mp4 (1920x1080) [274.8 MB] || atm.m4v (640x360) [42.2 MB] || atm.mp4.hwshow [178 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 47
        },
        {
            "id": 12633,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12633/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2017-07-12T11:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Crack in Larsen C Ice Shelf",
            "description": "Thermal wavelength image of a large iceberg, which has calved off the Larsen C ice shelf.  Darker colors are colder, and brighter colors are warmer, so the rift between the iceberg and the ice shelf appears as a thin line of slightly warmer area. Image from July 12, 2017, from the MODIS instrument on NASA's Aqua satellite.Credit:  NASA Worldview || nasa-worldview-2017-07-12-thermal-detail-label.jpg (1280x800) [109.6 KB] || nasa-worldview-2017-07-12-thermal-detail.jpg (1280x800) [76.5 KB] || ",
            "hits": 40
        },
        {
            "id": 30880,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30880/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2017-05-11T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Antarctic Ice Loss 2002-2016",
            "description": "The mass of the Antarctic ice sheet has changed over the last several years. Research based on observations from NASA’s twin NASA/German Aerospace Center’s twin Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites indicates that between 2002 and 2016, Antarctica shed approximately 125 gigatons of ice per year, causing global sea level to rise by 0.35 millimeters per year.These images, created with GRACE data, show changes in Antarctic ice mass since 2002. Orange and red shades indicate areas that lost ice mass, while light blue shades indicate areas that gained ice mass. White indicates areas where there has been very little or no change in ice mass since 2002. In general, areas near the center of Antarctica experienced small amounts of positive or negative change, while the West Antarctic Ice Sheet experienced a significant ice mass loss (dark red) over the fourteen-year period. Floating ice shelves whose mass GRACE doesn't measure are colored gray. || ",
            "hits": 478
        },
        {
            "id": 30879,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30879/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2017-05-02T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Greenland Ice Loss 2002-2016",
            "description": "The mass of the Greenland ice sheet has rapidly declined in the last several years due to surface melting and iceberg calving. Research based on observations from the NASA/German Aerospace Center’s twin Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites indicates that between 2002 and 2016, Greenland shed approximately 280 gigatons of ice per year, causing global sea level to rise by 0.03 inches (0.8 millimeters) per year. These images, created from GRACE data, show changes in Greenland ice mass since 2002. Orange and red shades indicate areas that lost ice mass, while light blue shades indicate areas that gained ice mass. White indicates areas where there has been very little or no change in ice mass since 2002. In general, higher-elevation areas near the center of Greenland experienced little to no change, while lower-elevation and coastal areas experienced up to 13.1 feet (4 meters) of ice mass loss (expressed in equivalent-water-height; dark red) over a 14-year period. The largest mass decreases of up to 11.8 inches (30 centimeters (equivalent-water-height) per year occurred along the West Greenland coast. The average flow lines (grey; created from satellite radar interferometry) of Greenland’s ice converge into the locations of prominent outlet glaciers, and coincide with areas of high mass loss. || ",
            "hits": 252
        },
        {
            "id": 12476,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12476/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2017-03-13T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "At Glacial Speed",
            "description": "A NASA satellite tracks glaciers' slow but steady journey to the sea. || Seasonal_IceFlows_with_hold_BG.1299_1024x576.jpg (1024x576) [210.2 KB] || Seasonal_IceFlows_with_hold_BG.1299_1024x576_print.jpg (1024x576) [209.7 KB] || Seasonal_IceFlows_with_hold_BG.1299_1024x576_thm.png (80x40) [8.9 KB] || Seasonal_IceFlows_with_hold_BG.1299.tif (3840x2160) [10.8 MB] || ",
            "hits": 101
        },
        {
            "id": 12509,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12509/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2017-02-15T11:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Water in Helheim Glacier Makes Its Way to the Ocean",
            "description": "New NASA research found that large crevasses provide aquifer water upstream of Greenland's Helheim Glacier with a clear escape to the ocean. This discovery helps confirm that the water, which is held in a layer of crunchy, granular snow called firn, contributes to sea level rise. || ",
            "hits": 35
        },
        {
            "id": 4528,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4528/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2016-12-12T14:30:00-05:00",
            "title": "Seasonal Speed Variation on Heimdal Glacier",
            "description": "The NASA/USGS Landsat 8 mission has allowed new views of the Earth’s glaciers.  By tracking displacement of local surface features through the seasons on outlet glaciers from the large ice sheets, researchers from the University of Alaska, the University of Bristol, and the University of Colorado have been able to show that each glacier around Greenland has a unique pattern of flow variation through the seasons.  Seasonal variations, seen in this animation on the lower 25 kilometers of Heimdal Glacier in southeast Greenland, are caused by a combination of processes.  For Heimdal, the largest forcing for flow variation is likely the input of increasing amounts of surface melt water through the Spring and Summer, but there is also an interplay between calving of ice from the end of the glacier, flow acceleration as shown in the animation, and thinning of the ice due to the extra stretching from the faster flow.  By measuring these changes in flow on seasonal timescales, scientists can develop a better understanding of what controls the flow of these glaciers where they meet the ocean.  This understanding will improve our ability to anticipate flow responses of these systems in a warming climate. || ",
            "hits": 28
        },
        {
            "id": 4529,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4529/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2016-12-12T14:30:00-05:00",
            "title": "Seasonal Glacier Velocity on the Heimdal Glacier with a pause",
            "description": "This visualization shows the seasonal ice velocity on the Heimdal Glacier in Greenland between October 2013 and October 2016. The color of the flow vectors represent the speed of the flow, with purple representing the slow moving ice and red showing the faster moving ice. This visualization includes a pause highlighting when the velocity is at a seasonal low and again when it reaches a seasonal high.  The color scale is displayed in the lower left corner. || Seasonal_IceFlows_with_hold.1299_print.jpg (1024x576) [233.1 KB] || Seasonal_IceFlows_with_hold.1299_searchweb.png (320x180) [132.3 KB] || Seasonal_IceFlows_with_hold.1299_thm.png (80x40) [8.3 KB] || SeasonalIceVel_withHold_1080p_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [30.7 MB] || SeasonalIceVel_withHold_720p30.mp4 (1280x720) [16.3 MB] || Seasonal_IceFlows_with_hold_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [2.8 MB] || IceVel_withPause_comp (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Seasonal_IceFlows_with_hold_2160p30_2.mp4 (3840x2160) [77.3 MB] || IceVel_withPause_comp (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || SeasonalIceVel_withHold_1080p_p30.mp4.hwshow [199 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 20
        },
        {
            "id": 12444,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12444/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2016-12-12T02:20:00-05:00",
            "title": "Landsat's Global View of Ice Velocity",
            "description": "Ice from glaciers constantly flows into the ocean, but the speed the ice moves at changes. Landsat 8 provides near-real-time mapping of ice speed in nearly all the world’s frozen regions. Information like ice speed helps scientists study our home planet and its vulnerability to rising seas. || ",
            "hits": 33
        },
        {
            "id": 4348,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4348/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2016-08-31T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge Tracks over the Helheim Glacier in Greenland",
            "description": "Composited version of Helheim OIB tracks visualization || comp_1080.2880_print.jpg (1024x576) [40.5 KB] || helheim_tracks_1920x1080_30fps.mp4 (1920x1080) [12.9 MB] || helheim_tracks_1920x1080_60fps.mp4 (1920x1080) [13.5 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_60p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || helheim_tracks_1920x1080_60fps.webm (1920x1080) [3.2 MB] || helheim_tracks_640x320_30fps.m4v (640x360) [3.6 MB] || comp (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || helheim_tracks_1920x1080_30fps.mp4.hwshow [196 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 39
        },
        {
            "id": 30777,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30777/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2016-05-13T10:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "NASA's IceBridge Flies Over the Front of a Greenland Glacier",
            "description": "Operation IceBridge flight over Sermeq Kujatdleq glacier in Greenland || sermeq_greenland_glacier.jpg (2000x1333) [4.4 MB] || sermeq_greenland_glacier_searchweb.png (320x180) [114.7 KB] || sermeq_greenland_glacier_thm.png (80x40) [10.3 KB] || operation-icebridge-sermeq-kujatdleq-glacier.hwshow [316 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 130
        },
        {
            "id": 30750,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30750/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2016-02-12T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Changes in Zachariae Isstrom Glacier",
            "description": "Zachariae Isstrom glacier, close up || zachariae_isstrom_glacier_1080p_print.jpg (1024x576) [119.9 KB] || zachariae_isstrom_glacier_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [15.5 MB] || zachariae_isstrom_glacier_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [7.0 MB] || zachariae_isstrom_glacier_720p.webm (1280x720) [3.2 MB] || zi_glacier_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [65.5 MB] || zachariae_isstrom_glacier_360p.mp4 (640x360) [1.8 MB] || crop (4104x2304) [0 Item(s)] || ",
            "hits": 114
        },
        {
            "id": 4376,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4376/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2015-10-27T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Antarctic Mass Change from GRACE derived Gravity Observations: Jan 2004 - Jun 2014",
            "description": "GRACE, NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, consists of twin co-orbiting satellites that fly in a near polar orbit separated by a distance of 220 km.  GRACE precisely measures the distance between the two spacecraft in order to make detailed measurements of the Earth's gravitational field.  Since its launch in 2002, GRACE has provided a continuous record of changes in the mass of the Earth's ice sheets.These animations show the change in the mass of the Antarctic Ice Sheet between January 2004 and June 2014 as measured by the pair of GRACE satellites. The 1-arc-deg NASA GSFC mascon solution data was resampled to a 5130 x 5130 data array using Kriging interpolation.  A color scale was applied where blue values indicate an increase in the ice sheet mass while red shades indicate a decrease.  In addition, a graph overlay shows the running total of the accumulated mass change in gigatons.Four separate animations are shown here: one of the full Antarctic Ice Sheet (above) and three of individual regional views (below) showing the regions of West Antarctica, the Antarctic Peninsula and East Antarctica. The time-series of each region is shown with a graph depicting the ice loss for the region alone.  Note that the range on the color scale is different for each regional view in order to portray the most detail possible. Areas outside the region being shown are colored in a pale green to indicate that it is not included in the view.  The floating ice shelves, shown in a lighter shade of green, are also not included.Technical Note:  The glacial isostatic adjustment signal (Earth mass redistribution in response to historical ice loading) has been removed using the ICE-6G model (Peltier et al. 2015). || ",
            "hits": 134
        },
        {
            "id": 11987,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11987/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2015-08-26T15:45:00-04:00",
            "title": "Greenland Icebergs",
            "description": "GreenlandReel_Icebergs_720H264_print.jpg (1024x576) [90.9 KB] || GreenlandReel_Icebergs_720H264_searchweb.png (320x180) [85.7 KB] || GreenlandReel_Icebergs_720H264_web.png (180x320) [85.7 KB] || GreenlandReel_Icebergs_720H264_thm.png (80x40) [5.7 KB] || GreenlandReel_Icebergs_720H264.mp4 (1280x720) [466.5 MB] || GreenlandReel_Icebergs_1080H264.mp4 (1920x1080) [467.9 MB] || GreenlandReel_Icebergs_720H264.webm (1280x720) [29.8 MB] || GreenlandReel_Icebergs_2160H264.mp4 (3840x2160) [1.1 GB] || GreenlandReel_Icebergs_2160APR.mov (3840x2160) [30.8 GB] || ",
            "hits": 41
        },
        {
            "id": 4325,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4325/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2015-08-26T10:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "NASA GSFC MASCON Solution over Greenland from Jan 2004 - Jun 2014",
            "description": "Visualization of the mass change over Greenland from January 2004 through June 2014.  The surface of Greenland shows the change in equivalent water height while the graph overlay shows the total accumulated change in gigatons. || GRACE_Greenland_wGraph_p30.1322_print.jpg (1024x576) [138.2 KB] || GRACE_Greenland_wGraph_p30.1322_searchweb.png (180x320) [84.6 KB] || GRACE_Greenland_wGraph_p30.1322_thm.png (80x40) [7.0 KB] || GRACE_Greenland_wGraph_p30_720p.webm (1280x720) [2.5 MB] || GRACE_Greenland_wGraph_p30_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [2.9 MB] || GRACE_Greenland_wGraph_p30_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [16.9 MB] || GRACE_Greenland_wGraph_p30_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [9.4 MB] || composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || GRACE_Greenland_wGraph_p30_360p.mp4 (640x360) [3.4 MB] || MASCON_solution_greenland_4325.key [12.7 MB] || MASCON_solution_greenland_4325.pptx [10.1 MB] || ",
            "hits": 178
        },
        {
            "id": 4347,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4347/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2015-08-26T10:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "NASA GSFC MASCON Solution over Antarctica from Jan 2004 - Jun 2014",
            "description": "Visualization of the mass change over the Antarctic Ice Sheet from January 2004 through June 2014. The color on the surface of the ice sheet shows the change in equivalent water height while the graph overlay shows the total accumulated change in gigatons. || GRACE_Antarctic_Wgraph_p30.2521_print.jpg (1024x576) [110.0 KB] || GRACE_Antarctic_Wgraph_p30.2521_searchweb.png (320x180) [71.0 KB] || GRACE_Antarctic_Wgraph_p30.2521_thm.png (80x40) [6.3 KB] || GRACE_Antarctic_Wgraph_p30_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [18.2 MB] || GRACE_Antarctic_Wgraph_p30_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [7.7 MB] || GRACE_Antarctic_Wgraph_p30_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [10.4 MB] || GRACE_Antarctic_Wgraph_p30_720p.webm (1280x720) [8.7 MB] || composite (1920x1080) [256.0 KB] || composite (1920x1080) [512.0 KB] || GRACE_Antarctic_Wgraph_p30_360p.mp4 (640x360) [3.8 MB] || MASCON_solution_antartica_4347.pptx [11.0 MB] || MASCON_solution_antartica_4347.key [13.6 MB] || ",
            "hits": 257
        },
        {
            "id": 4328,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4328/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2015-08-25T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Greenland's Glaciers as seen by RadarSat",
            "description": "An animation up the Greenland's Sermilik Fjord to the calving front of the Helheim Glacier, showing the glacier front's change between 2000 to 2013This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || Helheim_radarsat_4k.0800_print.jpg (1024x576) [242.6 KB] || Helheim_radarsat_4k.0800_searchweb.png (180x320) [121.8 KB] || Helheim_radarsat_4k.0800_web.png (320x180) [121.8 KB] || Helheim_radarsat_4k.0800_thm.png (80x40) [7.6 KB] || Helheim_radarsat_4k_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [84.5 MB] || Helheim_radarsat_4k_720p30.mp4 (1280x720) [43.3 MB] || Helheim_radarsat_4k_2160p30.webm (3840x2160) [16.2 MB] || Helheim (3840x2160) [256.0 KB] || Helheim_radarsat_4k_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [225.6 MB] || ",
            "hits": 254
        },
        {
            "id": 4308,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4308/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2015-08-08T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "SIGGRAPH Daily 2015: How did we tile Greenland?",
            "description": "This narrated animation shown as a Daily at SIGGRAPH 2015 describes a method of automatically mapping of 87 gigapixels of data over Greenland. For complete transcript, click here.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || Radarsat_Daily.2178_print.jpg (1024x576) [186.4 KB] || Radarsat_Daily.2178_thm.png (80x40) [7.1 KB] || Radarsat_Daily.2178_searchweb.png (180x320) [106.4 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [256.0 KB] || 4308_Tiling_Greenland_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [47.1 MB] || 4308_Tiling_Greenland_VX-70360.webm (1280x720) [9.0 MB] || 1280x720_16x9_30p (1280x720) [256.0 KB] || 4308_Tiling_Greenland_H264_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [133.1 MB] || 4308_Tiling_Greenland_prores.mov (1920x1080) [1.5 GB] || 4308_Tiling_Greenland_1280x720.wmv (1280x720) [37.5 MB] || 4308_Tiling_Greenland_VX-70360.mpeg (1280x720) [366.2 MB] || 4308_Tiling_Greenland_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [47.0 MB] || 4308_Tiling_Greenland_youtube_hq.mov (1280x720) [161.9 MB] || 4308_Tiling_Greenland_H264_1080p.mov (1920x1080) [133.1 MB] || 4308_Tiling_Greenland.en_US.srt [2.0 KB] || 4308_Tiling_Greenland.en_US.vtt [1.9 KB] || 4308_Tiling_Greenland_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [21.1 MB] || ",
            "hits": 130
        },
        {
            "id": 4306,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4306/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2015-06-25T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "FROZEN: The Full Story",
            "description": "On March 27, 2009, NASA released FROZEN, a twelve-minute show about the Earth's frozen regions designed for Science On a Sphere.  Science On a Sphere was created by NOAA and displays movies on a spherical screen, which is ideal for a show about the Earth or the planets.  The audience can view the show from any side of the sphere and can see any part of the Earth.  Making a movie for this system is challenging, and FROZEN was an exciting project to create.  Until now, only the \"trailer\" for FROZEN has been available for viewing from our site.  Here, for the first time, is an on-line version of the complete show, presented in several different formats that show different aspects of the movie. || ",
            "hits": 90
        },
        {
            "id": 4249,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4249/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2015-01-23T09:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Greenland Ice Sheet Stratigraphy",
            "description": "The above movie shows the new 3D map of the age of the Greenland ice sheet, using a collage of live footage and animation to explain how scientists determined the age from data collected by ice-penetrating radar.  The full script of the narration is available here.   This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || GIS_age_structure.jpg (1024x576) [166.8 KB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER.webmhd.webm (1080x606) [51.7 MB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER_1280x720.wmv (1280x720) [115.8 MB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER_appletv.m4v (960x540) [99.6 MB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER_appletv_subtitles.m4v (960x540) [99.7 MB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [450.8 MB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER_ipod_lg.m4v (640x360) [40.0 MB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy.en_US.srt [4.7 KB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy.en_US.vtt [4.7 KB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER_nasaportal.mov (640x360) [98.5 MB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [21.5 MB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER_prores.mov (1920x1080) [6.7 GB] || ",
            "hits": 160
        },
        {
            "id": 30549,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30549/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2014-11-18T21:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Upsala Glacier Retreat in Argentina",
            "description": "Landsat images from 1986, 2001 and 2014 show the retreat of Upsala glacier. || upsala_glacier_landsat_print.jpg (1024x574) [234.2 KB] || upsala_glacier_landsat.png (4104x2304) [12.8 MB] || upsala_glacier_landsat_web.jpg (319x179) [28.4 KB] || upsala_glacier_landsat_searchweb.png (320x180) [122.2 KB] || upsala_glacier_landsat_thm.png (80x40) [8.3 KB] || upsala_glacier_landsat.pptx [1.3 MB] || upsala_glacier_landsat.key [16.7 MB] || upsala_glacier_landsat.hwshow [212 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 57
        },
        {
            "id": 4168,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4168/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2014-05-29T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "West Antarctic Collapse",
            "description": "A new study by researchers at NASA and the University of California, Irvine, finds a rapidly melting section of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet appears to be in an irreversible state of decline, with nothing to stop the glaciers in this area from melting into the sea according to glaciologist and lead author Eric Rignot, of UC Irvine and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.Three major lines of evidence point to the glaciers' eventual demise: the changes in their flow speeds, how much of each glacier floats on seawater, and the slope and depth of the terrain they are flowing over.  In a paper in April, Rignot's research group discussed the steadily increasing flow speeds of these glaciers over the past 40 years. This new study examines the other two lines of evidence.As glaciers flow out from land to the ocean, large expanses of ice behind their leading edges float on the seawater. The point on a glacier where it first loses contact with land is called the grounding line. Nearly all glacier melt occurs on the underside of the glacier beyond the grounding line, on the section floating on seawater.  The Antarctic glaciers studied have thinned so much they are now floating above places where they used to sit solidly on land, which means their grounding lines are retreating inland.—><!——><!—Above: Move bar to compare the grounding line of the Smith Glacier from 1996 (left) to the location in 2011 (right) which has retreated inland 35 km during this time. The green line indicates the location of the 1996 grounding line.  Download HTML to embed this in your web page.The bedrock topography is another key to the fate of the ice in this basin. All the glacier beds slope deeper below sea level as they extend farther inland. As the glaciers retreat, they cannot escape the reach of the ocean, and the warm water will keep melting them even more rapidly.Below are two edited versions of narrated stories released by JPL to explain this research.  In addition are the two versions of the unedited animations provided to JPL to support the release.  The unedited animations show the region of study by the JPL researchers, identifying by name the glaciers that terminate in the Amundsen Sea. One of the animations includes data showing the velocity of the glaciers in the region, flow vectors showing the movement of the glaciers colored by their velocity and a difference image showing the change in velocity between 1996 and 2008.  The second animation does not include these datasets.  Both versions of the animation draw close to the Smith Glacier and show how the grounding line of this glacier has moved inland 35 kilometers between 1996 and 2011.  As the surface of the ice sheet is peeled away, showing the height and depth of the bedrock topography.   Regions below sea level are shown in shades of brown while areas above sea level are shown in green.  Sea level is shown in yellow. || ",
            "hits": 385
        },
        {
            "id": 11529,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11529/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2014-04-25T17:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Pine Island Glacier Ice Island 2013",
            "description": "In early November 2013, a large iceberg separated from the front of Antarctica’s Pine Island Glacier. It thus began a journey across Pine Island Bay, a basin of the Amundsen Sea. The ice island, named B31, will likely be swept up soon in the swift currents of the Southern Ocean, though it will be hard to track visually for the next six months as Antarctica heads into winter darkness.Over the course of five months in Antarctic spring and summer, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)—an instrument on NASA’s Terra and Aqua satellites—captured a series of images of ice island B31. The time-lapse video below shows the motion of the massive chunk of ice.The significance of the event is still being sorted out. “Iceberg calving is a very normal process,” noted Kelly Brunt, a glaciologist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. “However, the detachment rift, or crack, that created this iceberg was well upstream of the 30-year average calving front of Pine Island Glacier, so this a region that warrants monitoring.”Pine Island Glacier has been the subject of intense study in the past two decades because it has been thinning and draining rapidly and may be one of the largest contributors to sea level rise. || ",
            "hits": 30
        },
        {
            "id": 4022,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4022/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2014-03-25T11:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Measuring Elevation Changes on the Greenland Ice Sheet",
            "description": "Since the late 1970's, NASA has been monitoring changes in the Greenland Ice Sheet. Recent analysis of seven years of surface elevation readings from NASA's ICESat satellite and four years of laser and and ice-penetrating radar data from NASA's airborne mission Operation IceBridge shows us how the surface elevation of the ice sheet has changed.The colors shown on the surface of the ice sheet represent the accumulated change in elevation since 2003. The light yellow over the central region of the ice sheet indicates a slight thickening due to snow. This accumulation, along with the weight of the ice sheet, pushes ice toward the coast. Thinning near coastal regions, shown in green, blue and purple, has increased over time and now extends into the interior of the ice sheet where the bedrock topography permits. As a result, there has been an average loss of 300 cubic kilometers of ice per year between 2003 and 2012.This animation portrays the changes occurring in the surface elevation of the ice sheet since 2003 in three drainage regions: the southeast, the northeast and the Jakobshavn regions. In each region, the time advances to show the accumulated change in elevation from 2003 through 2012.—><!——><!—Above: Move bar to compare the change in surface elevation (left) to the bedrock topography (right) in the northeast region. Download HTML to embed this in your web page.The ice sheet is cut away to reveal how the bedrock topography beneath the ice sheet affects the movement of glacial ice in each region. The bedrock topography is colored by elevation with areas below sea level shown in brown and areas above sea level shown in green. Yellow indicates regions at sea level. —><!——><!—Above: Move bar to compare the change in the surface elevation (left) to the bedrock topography (right) in the Jakobshavn region. Download HTML to embed this in your web page.The bedrock topography affects the movement of the ice sheet. Blue/white velocity flows indicate the direction and speed of the ice over time. Slower moving ice is shown as shorter blue flow lines while faster moving ice is shown as longer white flow lines. || ",
            "hits": 260
        },
        {
            "id": 30492,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30492/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2014-02-11T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Antarctic Ice Loss 2003-2013",
            "description": "The mass of the Antarctic ice sheet has changed over the last several years. Research based on observations from NASA’s twin Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites indicates that between 2003 and 2013, Antarctica shed approximately 90 gigatons of ice per year, causing global sea level to rise by 0.25 millimeters per year.These images, created with GRACE data, show changes in Antarctic ice mass since 2003. Orange and red shades indicate areas that lost ice mass, while light blue shades indicate areas that gained ice mass. White indicates areas where there has been very little or no change in ice mass since 2003. In general, areas near the center of Antarctica experienced small amounts of positive or negative change, while the West Antarctic Ice Sheet experienced a significant ice mass loss (dark red) over the ten-year period. || ",
            "hits": 211
        },
        {
            "id": 3885,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3885/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-11-29T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Components of the Cryosphere",
            "description": "This high resolution image, designed for the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, shows the extent of the regions affected by components of the cryosphere around the world. Over land, continuous permafrost is shown in a dark pink while discontinuous permafrost is shown in a lighter shade of pink. Over much of the northern hemisphere's land area, a semi-transparent white veil depicts the regions that are affected by snowfall at least one day during the perion 2000-2012. The bright green line along the southern border of this region shows the maximum snow extent while a black line across the North America, Europe and Asia shows the 50% snow extent line. Glaciers are shown as small golden dots in mountainous areas and in the far northern and southern latitudes. Over the water, ice shelves are shown around Antarctica along with sea ice surrounding the ice shelves. Sea ice is also shown at the North Pole, where the 30 year average sea ice extent is shown by a yellow outline. In addition, the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica are clearly visible. || ",
            "hits": 287
        },
        {
            "id": 4053,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4053/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-11-29T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Regional Assessments of Glacier Mass",
            "description": "In this image, which serves as Figure 4-8 in the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the size of the green circles depicts total area covered by glaciers in each region with the tidewater basin fractions [TW] shown separately in blue. The Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI) regions, designated by the white number, are referenced in Table 4.2 in the IPCC report. The geographic locations of all glaciers, evident primarily in mountainous regions and high latitudes, are shown in yellow with their area increased to improve visibility. Glacier locations and areas were obtained from airborne and Landsat ETM+, ASTER or SPOT5 satellite imagery and are from the Randolph Glacier Inventory Version 2.0 (Arendt et al., 2012).For additional information, refer to the paper available here. || ",
            "hits": 17
        },
        {
            "id": 30160,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30160/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-17T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Collapse of the Larsen B Ice Shelf",
            "description": "In the Southern Hemisphere summer of 2002, scientists monitoring daily satellite images of the Antarctic Peninsula watched almost the entire Larsen-B Ice Shelf splinter and collapse in just over one month. They had never witnessed such a large area—1250 square miles (~3237 square kilometers)—disintegrate so rapidly. The collapse of the Larsen-B Ice Shelf was captured in this series of images between January 31 and April 13, 2002. At the start of the series, the ice shelf (left) is tattooed with pools of meltwater (blue). By February 17, the leading edge of the C-shaped shelf had retreated about 6 miles (~10 kilometers). By March 7, the shelf had disintegrated into a blue-tinged mixture, or mélange, of slush and icebergs. The collapse appears to have been due to a series of warm summers on the Antarctic Peninsula, which culminated with an exceptionally warm summer in 2002. Warm ocean temperatures in the Weddell Sea that occurred during the same period might have caused thinning and melting on the underside of the ice shelf. || ",
            "hits": 179
        },
        {
            "id": 30181,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30181/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-17T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Ice Loss on Puncak Jaya",
            "description": "Tropical glaciers have retreated significantly in the past century, and many have lost more than half of their ice in the last few decades. Indonesia’s glaciers are no exception. In 1989, five ice masses sat on the slopes of Puncak Jaya, a 4,884-meter peak within the Sudirman Range. By 2009, two of the glaciers—Meren and Southwall—were gone. The other three—Carstenz, East Northwall Firn, and West North Wall Firn—had retreated dramatically.This pair of images, captured by the Thematic Mapper (TM) on Landsat 4 and Landsat 5, offer a view of the ice loss between 1989 and 2009. The images are a combination of shortwave infrared, near infrared, and green light. Ice appears light blue. Clouds are primarily white, though some are tinged with blue. Exposed rock is salmon-colored; forests are green. (The gray area near the center of the 2009 image is the Grasberg mine. Established in 1990 by Freeport McMoran, the open-pit mine has the world’s largest known gold reserve and second largest copper reserve.) || ",
            "hits": 133
        },
        {
            "id": 30478,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30478/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-08T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Greenland Ice Loss 2003-2013",
            "description": "The mass of the Greenland ice sheet has rapidly been declining over the last several years due to surface melting and iceberg calving. Research based on observations from NASA’s twin Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites indicates that between 2003 and 2013, Greenland shed approximately 280 gigatons of ice per year, causing global sea level to rise by 0.8 millimeters per year. These images, created with GRACE data, show changes in Greenland ice mass since 2003. Orange and red shades indicate areas that lost ice mass, while light blue shades indicate areas that gained ice mass. White indicates areas where there has been very little or no change in ice mass since 2003. In general, higher-elevation areas near the center of Greenland experienced little to no change, while lower-elevation and coastal areas experienced up to 3 meters of ice mass loss (dark red) over a ten-year period. The largest mass decreases of up to 30 centimeters per year occurred over southeastern Greenland. || ",
            "hits": 46
        },
        {
            "id": 4103,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4103/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-09-19T16:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Measuring beneath the Pine Island Ice Shelf",
            "description": "On the margins of Antarctica, an ice shelve acts as a dam slowing the movement of outlet glaciers flowing toward the sea. However, the ice shelves are exposed to the underlying ocean and may weaken as a result of warm ocean currents. Scientists recently completed an expedition to the ice shelf buffering the Pine Island glacier, a major outlet of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet that has rapidly thinned and accelerated in recent decades. Drilling a shaft through the ice shelf, they submerged instruments beneath the ice to measure ocean velocity, temperature, and salinity. Their observations revealed a 600-m-wide 80-m-deep channel cut into the underside of the ice-shelf that incurs melting beneath the ice shelf of 0.06 m per day. See the paper here for details.This animation shows the ocean currents colored by their velocity circulating around and under the Pine Island ice shelf. Orange and yellow indicate faster currents while green and blue depict slower. A small red marker indicates the location of the drill site. In this animation, the Pine Island ice shelf is temporarily sliced away to reveal the ocean flows under the ice and subsequently restored up to the location of the drill site. A shaft penetrates through the ice sheet and the instrument is lowered through the shaft into the water that flows beneath the ice shelf. In this animation, the topography and ice shelf thickness is exaggerated by 15 times. || ",
            "hits": 217
        },
        {
            "id": 4097,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4097/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-08-29T14:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Greenland's Mega-Canyon beneath the Ice Sheet",
            "description": "Subglacial topography plays an important role in modulating the distribution and flow of meltwater beneath the ice known as basal water flow. This animation portrays topographic data of the bedrock under the Greenland ice sheet derived from ice-penetrating radar data. Clearly evident in the topography is a 750-km-long subglacial canyon in northern Greenland that is likely to have influenced basal water flow from the ice sheet interior to the margin. The authors suggest that the mega-canyon predates ice sheet inception and has influenced basal hydrology in Greenland over past glacial cycles. (See reference under \"Science Paper\" below)Starting with a view of the surface of Greenland, the animation zooms closer to the surface as the ice sheet is stripped away to reveal the false-color topography of the bedrock that lies beneath. Regions above sea level are shown in shades of green while areas below zero are colored by shades of brown. Yellow indicates the area near sea level. The topography is exaggerated from 12 to 40 times in order to accentuate the topographic relief. Visible in the topography from about the midpoint of Greenland to its Northwest coast is the 750-km-long subglacial canyon described by the authors. || ",
            "hits": 536
        },
        {
            "id": 30055,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30055/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-06-27T14:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Columbia Glacier, Alaska",
            "description": "The Columbia Glacier in Alaska is one of the most rapidly changing glaciers in the world. These false-color images show how the glacier and the surrounding landscape has changed since 1986. Snow and ice appears bright cyan, vegetation is green, clouds are white or light orange, and the open ocean is dark blue. Exposed bedrock is brown, while rocky debris on the glacier’s surface is gray. By 2011, the terminus had retreated more than 20 kilometers (12 miles) to the north. Since the 1980s, the glacier has lost about half of its total thickness and volume. The retreat of the Columbia contributes to global sea-level rise, mostly through iceberg calving. This one glacier accounts for nearly half of the ice loss in the Chugach Mountains. However, the ice losses are not exclusively tied to increasing air and water temperatures. Climate change may have given the Columbia an initial nudge, but it has more to do with mechanical processes. In fact, when the Columbia reaches the shoreline, its retreat will likely slow down. The more stable surface will cause the rate of calving to decline, making it possible for the glacier to start rebuilding a moraine and advancing once again. || ",
            "hits": 26
        },
        {
            "id": 4060,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4060/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-06-04T10:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Antarctic Bedrock",
            "description": "<!——><!—Above: Move bar to compare the bedrock topography (left) to the ice sheet surface (right).Download HTML to embed this in your web page.The topography of the bedrock under the Antarctic Ice Sheet is critical to understanding the dynamic motion of the ice sheet, its thickness and its influence on the surrounding ocean and global climate. In 2001, the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) released a map of the bed under the Antarctic Ice Sheet and the seabed extending out on to the continental shelf derived from data collected by an international consortium of scientists over the prior fifty years. The resulting dataset was called BEDMAP (or BEDMAP1).In 2013, BAS released an update of the topographic dataset called BEDMAP2 that incorporates twenty-five million measurements taken over the past two decades from the ground, air and space. This visualization compares the new BEDMAP2 dataset to the original BEDMAP1 dataset showing the improvements in resolution and coverage. <!——><!—Above: Move bar to compare the Bedmap1 topography (left) to the Bedmap2 topography (right). Download HTML to embed this in your web page.Since 2009, NASA's mission Operation IceBridge (OIB) has flown aircraft over the Antarctic Ice Sheet carrying laser and ice-penetrating radar instruments to collect data about the surface height, bedrock topography and ice thickness. This visualization highlights the contribution that OIB has made to this important dataset.The topography in this visualization is exaggerated to emphasize the topographic relief. The amount of exaggeration varies based on the viewpoint, from twenty times in distant views down to nine times when near the Pine Island Bay. || ",
            "hits": 502
        },
        {
            "id": 3886,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3886/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-05-16T14:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Regional Rates of Glacier Loss for 2003 to 2009",
            "description": "In the image below, global glacial mass loss and area are summarized by regions. The area of the red circles corresponds to the annual glacial mass loss from 2003 to 2009. Glacier mass change estimates are determined from a combination of satellite altimetry (ICESat), satellite gravimetry (GRACE) and in situ field observations as determined by Gardner et al. Light orange halos surrounding red circles show the 95% confidence interval in mass change estimates, but can only be seen in regions with large uncertainties.The area of the green/blue circles depicts total glacier area for each region with the tidewater basin fractions [TW] shown separately in blue. The geographic locations of all glaciers, evident primarily in mountainous regions and high latitudes, are shown in yellow with their area increased to improve visibility. || ",
            "hits": 259
        },
        {
            "id": 4001,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4001/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2012-10-18T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Ice Flow toward the Petermann Glacier, Greenland",
            "description": "Greenland looks like a big pile of snow seen from space using a regular camera. But satellite radar interferometry helps us detect the motion of ice beneath the snow. Ice starts flowing from the flanks of topographic divides in the interior of the island, and increases in speed toward the coastline where it is channelized along a set of narrow, powerful outlet glaciers. In the east, these glaciers make their sinuous way through complex terrain at low speed. They form long floating extensions that deform slowly in the cold north. As we move toward sectors of higher snowfall in the northwest and centre west, ice flow speeds increase by nearly a factor 10, with many, smaller glaciers flowing straight down to the coastline at several kilometers per year.This complete description of ice motion was only made possible from the coordinated effort of four space agencies: the Japanese Space Agency, the Canadian Space Agency, the European Space Agency, and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The data will help scientists improve their understanding of the dynamics of ice in Greenland and in projecting how the Greenland Ice Sheet will respond to climate change in the decades and centuries to come. || ",
            "hits": 140
        },
        {
            "id": 3962,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3962/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2012-07-02T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Greenland Ice Flow",
            "description": "Greenland looks like a big pile of snow seen from space using a regular camera. But satellite radar interferometry helps us detect the motion of ice beneath the snow. Ice starts flowing from the flanks of topographic divides in the interior of the island, and increases in speed toward the coastline where it is channelized along a set of narrow, powerful outlet glaciers. In the east, these glaciers make their sinuous way through complex terrain at low speed. They form long floating extensions that deform slowly in the cold north. As we move toward sectors of higher snowfall in the northwest and center west, ice flow speeds increase by nearly a factor of 10, with many, smaller glaciers flowing straight down to the coastline at several kilometers per year.This complete description of ice motion was only made possible from the coordinated effort of four space agencies: the Japanese Space Agency, the Canadian Space Agency, the European Space Agency, and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The data will help scientists improve their understanding of the dynamics of ice in Greenland and in projecting how the Greenland Ice Sheet will respond to climate change in the decades and centuries to come. || ",
            "hits": 451
        },
        {
            "id": 3906,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3906/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2012-02-07T12:40:00-05:00",
            "title": "Global Mass Balance from GRACE",
            "description": "In the first comprehensive satellite study of its kind, a University of Colorado Boulder-led team used NASA data to calculate how much Earth's melting land ice is adding to global sea level rise.Using satellite measurements from the NASA/German Aerospace Center Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), the researchers measured ice loss in all of Earth's land ice between 2003 and 2010, with particular emphasis on glaciers and ice caps outside of Greenland and Antarctica. The total global ice mass lost from Greenland, Antarctica and all Earth's glaciers and ice caps over the period studied was about 4.3 trillion tons (1,000 cubic miles), adding about 12 millimeters (0.5 inches) to global sea level. That's enough ice to cover the United States 1.5 feet (0.5 meters) deep.About a quarter of the average annual ice loss came from glaciers and ice caps outside of Greenland and Antarctica (about 148 billion tons, or 39 cubic miles), while ice loss from Greenland and Antarctica and their peripheral ice caps and glaciers averaged roughly 385 billion tons (100 cubic miles) a year. Results of the study are published online Feb. 8 in the journal Nature.\"Earth is losing a huge amount of ice to the ocean annually, and these new results will help us answer important questions in terms of both sea rise and how the planet's cold regions are responding to global change,\" said University of Colorado Boulder physics professor John Wahr, who helped lead the study.\"The strength of GRACE is it sees all the mass in the system, even though its resolution isn't high enough to allow us to determine separate contributions from each individual glacier,\" said Wahr, also a fellow at the University of Colorado-headquartered Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences. Traditional estimates of Earth's ice caps and glaciers have been made using ground measurements from relatively few glaciers to infer what all the world's unmonitored glaciers were doing. Only a few hundred of the roughly 200,000 glaciers worldwide have been monitored for longer than a decade.One unexpected study result from GRACE was that the estimated ice loss from high Asian mountain ranges like the Himalaya, the Pamir and the Tien Shan was only about 4 billion tons of ice annually. Some previous ground-based estimates of ice loss in these high Asian mountains have ranged up to 50 billion tons annually, Wahr said.\"The GRACE results in this region really were a surprise,\" said Wahr. \"One possible explanation is that previous estimates were based on measurements taken primarily from some of the lower, more accessible glaciers in Asia and were extrapolated to infer the behavior of higher glaciers. But unlike the lower glaciers, most of the high glaciers are located in very cold environments, and require greater amounts of atmospheric warming before local temperatures rise enough to cause significant melting. This makes it difficult to use low-elevation, ground-based measurements to estimate results from the entire system.\"\"This study finds that the world's small glaciers and ice caps in places like Alaska, South America and the Himalayas contribute about 0.4 millimeters (.02 inches) per year to sea level rise,\" said Tom Wagner, cryosphere program scientist at NASA Headquarters in Washington. \"While this is lower than previous estimates, it confirms that ice is being lost from around the globe, with just a few areas in precarious balance. The results sharpen our view of land ice melting, which poses the biggest, most threatening factor in future sea level rise.\"Launched in 2002, the twin GRACE satellites track changes in Earth's gravity field by noting minute changes in gravitational pull caused by regional variations in Earth's mass, which for periods of months to years is typically due to movements of water on Earth's surface. It does this by measuring changes in the distance between its two identical spacecraft to one-hundredth the width of a human hair. The spacecraft, developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., are in the same orbit approximately 220 kilometers (137 miles) apart. || ",
            "hits": 100
        },
        {
            "id": 3910,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3910/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2012-02-07T12:40:00-05:00",
            "title": "Ice Sheet Mass Balance from GRACE",
            "description": "In the first comprehensive satellite study of its kind, a University of Colorado Boulder-led team used NASA data to calculate how much Earth's melting land ice is adding to global sea level rise.Using satellite measurements from the NASA/German Aerospace Center Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), the researchers measured ice loss in all of Earth's land ice between 2003 and 2010, with particular emphasis on glaciers and ice caps outside of Greenland and Antarctica. The total global ice mass lost from Greenland, Antarctica and all Earth's glaciers and ice caps over the period studied was about 4.3 trillion tons (1,000 cubic miles), adding about 12 millimeters (0.5 inches) to global sea level. That's enough ice to cover the United States 1.5 feet (0.5 meters) deep. About a quarter of the average annual ice loss came from glaciers and ice caps outside of Greenland and Antarctica (about 148 billion tons, or 39 cubic miles), while ice loss from Greenland and Antarctica and their peripheral ice caps and glaciers averaged roughly 385 billion tons (100 cubic miles) a year. Results of the study are published online Feb. 8 in the journal Nature.\"Earth is losing a huge amount of ice to the ocean annually, and these new results will help us answer important questions in terms of both sea rise and how the planet's cold regions are responding to global change,\" said University of Colorado Boulder physics professor John Wahr, who helped lead the study. \"The strength of GRACE is it sees all the mass in the system, even though its resolution isn't high enough to allow us to determine separate contributions from each individual glacier,\" said Wahr, also a fellow at the University of Colorado-headquartered Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences. Traditional estimates of Earth's ice caps and glaciers have been made using ground measurements from relatively few glaciers to infer what all the world's unmonitored glaciers were doing. Only a few hundred of the roughly 200,000 glaciers worldwide have been monitored for longer than a decade. One unexpected study result from GRACE was that the estimated ice loss from high Asian mountain ranges like the Himalaya, the Pamir and the Tien Shan was only about 4 billion tons of ice annually. Some previous ground-based estimates of ice loss in these high Asian mountains have ranged up to 50 billion tons annually, Wahr said. \"The GRACE results in this region really were a surprise,\" said Wahr. \"One possible explanation is that previous estimates were based on measurements taken primarily from some of the lower, more accessible glaciers in Asia and were extrapolated to infer the behavior of higher glaciers. But unlike the lower glaciers, most of the high glaciers are located in very cold environments, and require greater amounts of atmospheric warming before local temperatures rise enough to cause significant melting. This makes it difficult to use low-elevation, ground-based measurements to estimate results from the entire system.\" \"This study finds that the world's small glaciers and ice caps in places like Alaska, South America and the Himalayas contribute about 0.4 millimeters (.02 inches) per year to sea level rise,\" said Tom Wagner, cryosphere program scientist at NASA Headquarters in Washington. \"While this is lower than previous estimates, it confirms that ice is being lost from around the globe, with just a few areas in precarious balance. The results sharpen our view of land ice melting, which poses the biggest, most threatening factor in future sea level rise.\" Launched in 2002, the twin GRACE satellites track changes in Earth's gravity field by noting minute changes in gravitational pull caused by regional variations in Earth's mass, which for periods of months to years is typically due to movements of water on Earth's surface. It does this by measuring changes in the distance between its two identical spacecraft to one-hundredth the width of a human hair. The spacecraft, developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., are in the same orbit approximately 220 kilometers (137 miles) apart. || ",
            "hits": 319
        },
        {
            "id": 3911,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3911/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2012-02-07T12:40:00-05:00",
            "title": "Mass Balance Change over India from GRACE",
            "description": "In the first comprehensive satellite study of its kind, a University of Colorado Boulder-led team used NASA data to calculate how much Earth's melting land ice is adding to global sea level rise.Using satellite measurements from the NASA/German Aerospace Center Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), the researchers measured ice loss in all of Earth's land ice between 2003 and 2010, with particular emphasis on glaciers and ice caps outside of Greenland and Antarctica. The total global ice mass lost from Greenland, Antarctica and all Earth's glaciers and ice caps over the period studied was about 4.3 trillion tons (1,000 cubic miles), adding about 12 millimeters (0.5 inches) to global sea level. That's enough ice to cover the United States 1.5 feet (0.5 meters) deep. About a quarter of the average annual ice loss came from glaciers and ice caps outside of Greenland and Antarctica (about 148 billion tons, or 39 cubic miles), while ice loss from Greenland and Antarctica and their peripheral ice caps and glaciers averaged roughly 385 billion tons (100 cubic miles) a year. Results of the study are published online Feb. 8 in the journal Nature.\"Earth is losing a huge amount of ice to the ocean annually, and these new results will help us answer important questions in terms of both sea rise and how the planet's cold regions are responding to global change,\" said University of Colorado Boulder physics professor John Wahr, who helped lead the study. \"The strength of GRACE is it sees all the mass in the system, even though its resolution isn't high enough to allow us to determine separate contributions from each individual glacier,\" said Wahr, also a fellow at the University of Colorado-headquartered Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences. Traditional estimates of Earth's ice caps and glaciers have been made using ground measurements from relatively few glaciers to infer what all the world's unmonitored glaciers were doing. Only a few hundred of the roughly 200,000 glaciers worldwide have been monitored for longer than a decade. One unexpected study result from GRACE was that the estimated ice loss from high Asian mountain ranges like the Himalaya, the Pamir and the Tien Shan was only about 4 billion tons of ice annually. Some previous ground-based estimates of ice loss in these high Asian mountains have ranged up to 50 billion tons annually, Wahr said. \"The GRACE results in this region really were a surprise,\" said Wahr. \"One possible explanation is that previous estimates were based on measurements taken primarily from some of the lower, more accessible glaciers in Asia and were extrapolated to infer the behavior of higher glaciers. But unlike the lower glaciers, most of the high glaciers are located in very cold environments, and require greater amounts of atmospheric warming before local temperatures rise enough to cause significant melting. This makes it difficult to use low-elevation, ground-based measurements to estimate results from the entire system.\" \"This study finds that the world's small glaciers and ice caps in places like Alaska, South America and the Himalayas contribute about 0.4 millimeters (.02 inches) per year to sea level rise,\" said Tom Wagner, cryosphere program scientist at NASA Headquarters in Washington. \"While this is lower than previous estimates, it confirms that ice is being lost from around the globe, with just a few areas in precarious balance. The results sharpen our view of land ice melting, which poses the biggest, most threatening factor in future sea level rise.\" Launched in 2002, the twin GRACE satellites track changes in Earth's gravity field by noting minute changes in gravitational pull caused by regional variations in Earth's mass, which for periods of months to years is typically due to movements of water on Earth's surface. It does this by measuring changes in the distance between its two identical spacecraft to one-hundredth the width of a human hair. The spacecraft, developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., are in the same orbit approximately 220 kilometers (137 miles) apart. || ",
            "hits": 23
        },
        {
            "id": 3889,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3889/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-11-28T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Pine Island Glacier Ice Flows and Elevation Change",
            "description": "This animation shows glacier changes detected by ATM, ICESat and ice bridge data in the highly dynamic Pine Island Glacier. We know that ice speeds in this area have increased dramatically from the late 1990s to the present as the ice shelves in this area have thinned and the bottom of the ice has lost contact with the bed beneath. As the ice has accelerated, ice upstream of the coast must be stretched more vigorously, causing it to thin. NASA-sponsored aircraft missions first measured the ice surface height in this region in 2002, followed by ICESat data between 2002 and 2009. Ice Bridge aircraft have measured further surface heights in 2009 and 2010, and these measurements continue today. Integrating these altimetry sources allows us to estimate surface height changes throughout the drainage regions of the most important glaciers in the region. We see large and accelerating elevation changes extending inland from the coast on Pine Island glacier shown centered here. The changes on Pine Island mark these as potential continuing sources of ice to the sea, and has been surveyed in 2011 by Ice Bridge aircraft and targeted for repeat measurements in coming years. || ",
            "hits": 235
        },
        {
            "id": 10860,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10860/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2011-11-02T11:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge Discovers Massive Crack In Ice Shelf",
            "description": "NASA's DC-8 flew over the Pine Island Glacier Ice Shelf on Oct. 14, 2011, as part of Operation IceBridge. A large, long-running crack was plainly visible across the ice shelf. The DC-8 took off on Oct. 26, 2011, to collect more data on the ice shelf and the crack. The area beyond the crack that could calve in the coming months covers about 310 square miles (800 sq. km). || ",
            "hits": 149
        },
        {
            "id": 3875,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3875/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-11-02T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "West Antarctic Glacier Ice Flows and Elevation Change",
            "description": "This animation shows glacier changes detected by ATM, ICESat and ice bridge data in the highly dynamic Amundsen Embayment of West Antarctica. We know that ice speeds in this area have increased dramatically from the late 1990s to the present as the ice shelves in this area have thinned and the bottom of the ice has lost contact with the bed beneath. As the ice has accelerated, ice upstream of the coast must be stretched more vigorously, causing it to thin. NASA-sponsored aircraft missions first measured the ice surface height in this region in 2002, followed by ICESat data between 2002 and 2009. Ice Bridge aircraft have measured further surface heights in 2009 and 2010, and these measurements continue today. Integrating these altimetry sources allows us to estimate surface height changes throughout the drainage regions of the most important glaciers in the region. We see large elevation changes at the coast on Thwaites glacier, at the center of the images, and large and accelerating elevation changes extending inland from the coast on Pine Island and Smith glaciers, to the left and right of the images, respectively. The changes on Pine Island and Smith glaciers mark these as potential continuing sources of ice to the sea, and they have been surveyed in 2011 by Ice Bridge aircraft and targeted for repeat measurements in coming years. || ",
            "hits": 153
        },
        {
            "id": 3825,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3825/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-03-28T22:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge 2011 Arctic Flight Paths and Change in Elevation Data over Greenland",
            "description": "With the aircraft resources of NASA's Airborne Sciences Program, Operation IceBridge is taking to the sky to ensure a sustained, critical watch over Earth's polar regions. Flight lines (black) are shown for the 2011 campaign over Arctic sea ice and Greenland's land ice. Many flights target outlet glaciers along the coast where NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) shows significant thinning. Blue and purple colors, respectively, indicate moderate to large thinning. Gray and yellow, respectively, indicate slight to moderate thickening. Since its launch in January 2003, the ICESat elevation satellite has been measuring the change in thickness of ice sheets. This image of Greenland shows the changes in elevation over the Greenland ice sheet between 2003 and 2006. || ",
            "hits": 34
        },
        {
            "id": 3823,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3823/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-03-21T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge 2010 Arctic Flight Paths and Change in Elevation Data over Greenland",
            "description": "With the aircraft resources of NASA's Airborne Sciences Program, Operation IceBridge is taking to the sky to ensure a sustained, critical watch over Earth's polar regions. Flight lines (black) are shown for the 2010 campaign over Arctic sea ice and Greenland's land ice. Many flights target outlet glaciers along the coast where NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) shows significant thinning. Blue and purple colors, respectively, indicate moderate to large thinning. Gray and yellow, respectively, indicate slight to moderate thickening. Since its launch in January 2003, the ICESat elevation satellite has been measuring the change in thickness of ice sheets. This image of Greenland shows the changes in elevation over the Greenland ice sheet between 2003 and 2006. || ",
            "hits": 20
        },
        {
            "id": 3806,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3806/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-12-09T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Orthographic View of Jakobshavn Calving Front: 1851 to 2010",
            "description": "The Jakobshavn Isbrae glacier, also known as Sermeq Kujalleq, is located on the west coast of Greenland at Latitude 69 degrees N. The ice front, where the glacier calves into the sea, receded more than 40 km between 1850 and 2010. Between 1850 and 1964 the ice front retreated at a steady rate of about 0.3 km/yr, after which it occupied approximately the same location until 2001, receding 10km in three years. After 2005 the single icefront had retreated enough to split into distinct fronts for the smaller, northern tributary and the main southern trunk. The icestream flows in a deep trough which ends near the current glacier terminus. The bedrock topography is expected to stabilize the location of the icefront for the near future as the glacier continues to drawn ice from Greenland's interior. The movement of ice from glaciers on land into the ocean contributes to a rise in sea level. Jakobshavn Isbrae is Greenland's largest outlet glacier, draining 6.5 percent of Greenland's ice sheet area. This image is generated with an orthographic camera set to view the range from 51.372 W longitude to 49.212 W and from 68.94 N latitude to 69.39 N. The Landsat image shown in the background is a false color image of data collected on July 29, 2009. || ",
            "hits": 161
        },
        {
            "id": 3803,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3803/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-11-14T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Ice Fronts on the Larsen B Ice Shelf, 2001-2009",
            "description": "This animation shows the location of the edges of ice shelves and glaciers in and around the Larsen B Embayment of Antarctica, over successive Springs between 2001 and 2009. || Glacier/ice edges || larsen_0001.jpg (1280x720) [216.3 KB] || larsen_0001_web.png (320x180) [99.9 KB] || larsen_0001_thm.png (80x40) [7.3 KB] || 1280x720_16x9_30p (1280x720) [64.0 KB] || larsen.mp4 (1280x720) [7.3 MB] || larsen.webmhd.webm (960x540) [6.1 MB] || ",
            "hits": 289
        },
        {
            "id": 3782,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3782/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-10-20T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge Flight Paths - Antarctica Fall 2010 Campaign",
            "description": "Operation IceBridge — a NASA airborne mission to observe changes in Earth's rapidly changing polar land ice and sea ice — is soon to embark on its fourth field season in October. The mission is now paralleled by a campaign to bring data to researchers as quickly as possible and to accelerate the analysis of those changes and how they may affect people and climate systems.Data from campaigns flown prior to the inception of IceBridge will also be archived at NSIDC. These include data from the Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) instrument; mountain glacier data from the University of Alaska Fairbanks; and deep radar bedmap data from University of Kansas radar instruments. Combined with NSIDC's existing complete archive of data from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) instrument aboard ICESat, researchers will be able to access a rich repository of complementary measurements.IceBridge, a six-year NASA mission, is the largest airborne survey of Earth's polar ice ever flown. It will yield an unprecedented three-dimensional view of Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets, ice shelves and sea ice. These flights will provide a yearly, multi-instrument look at the behavior of the rapidly changing features of the Greenland and Antarctic ice.Data collected during IceBridge will help scientists bridge the gap in polar observations between NASA's ICESat — in orbit since 2003 — and ICESat-2, planned for late 2015. ICESat stopped collecting science data in 2009, making IceBridge critical for ensuring a continuous series of observations. || ",
            "hits": 65
        },
        {
            "id": 10597,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10597/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2010-04-06T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge's 2010 Arctic Campaign Takes Off: Reporters Package",
            "description": "NASA's Operation IceBridge mission, the largest airborne survey ever flown of Earth's polar ice, kicked off its second year of study in late March 2010. The IceBridge mission allows scientists to track changes in the extent and thickness of polar ice, which is important to understanding ice dynamics. IceBridge began in March 2009 as a means to fill the gap in polar observations between the loss of NASA's ICESat satellite and the launch of ICESat-2, planned for 1015. Annual missions fly over the Arctic in March and April and over the Antarctic in October and November. This video gives a brief overview of the start of the Arctic 2010 IceBridge campaign.For complete transcript, click here. || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_appletv.00127_print.jpg (1024x768) [113.3 KB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_appletv_web.png (320x240) [292.7 KB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_appletv_thm.png (80x40) [16.9 KB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_appletv_searchweb.png (320x180) [85.3 KB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_appletv.webmhd.webm (960x540) [19.3 MB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_appletv.m4v (960x720) [44.5 MB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_ProResBroll.mov (1280x720) [1.3 GB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_YouTubeHQ.mov (1280x720) [43.6 MB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_goddard_shorts.m4v (640x360) [15.4 MB] || GSFC_20100406_OIB_m10597_Pkg2a.en_US.srt [1.8 KB] || GSFC_20100406_OIB_m10597_Pkg2a.en_US.vtt [1.8 KB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_NASA_PORTAL.wmv (346x260) [13.4 MB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_podcast.m4v (320x180) [6.2 MB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_SVS.mpg (512x288) [11.4 MB] || ",
            "hits": 22
        },
        {
            "id": 3687,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3687/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-03-24T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Changes from NASA GSFC GRACE Mascon Solutions with Banded Color Scale",
            "description": "Luthcke, S.B., D.D. Rowlands, J.J. McCarthy, A. Arendt, T. Sabaka, J.P. Boy, F.G. Lemoine, \"Recent Changes of the Earth's Land Ice from GRACE, \" presented at 2009 Fall AGU, H13G-02 (693337), Dec. 14, 2009.The mass changes of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) are computed from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) inter-satellite range-rate observations for the period April 5, 2003 - July 25, 2009. The mass of the GIS has been computed at 10-day intervals and 200km spatial resolution from a regional high-resolution mascon solution (Luthcke and others, 2008 and 2006). The animation shows the change in mass referenced from April 5, 2003. The spatial variation in surface mass is shown in centimeters equivalent height of water. The time variation of the GIS mass is shown in the x-y plot insert with units of Gigatons.Corresponding author:Scott B. LuthckeNASA GSFCPlanetary Geodynamics Laboratory, Code 698Scott.B.Luthcke@nasa.gov || ",
            "hits": 17
        },
        {
            "id": 3688,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3688/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-03-17T23:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Shrimp-Like Creature Discovered at Windless Bight, Antarctica - 600 Feet Beneath  Ice Sheet",
            "description": "At a depth of 600 feet beneath the West Antarctic ice sheet, a small shrimp-like creature managed to brighten up an otherwise gray polar day in late November 2009. This critter is a three-inch long Lyssianasid amphipod found beneath the Ross Ice Shelf, about 12.5 miles away from open water in the region called Windless Bight. NASA scientists were using a borehole camera to look back up towards the ice surface when they spotted this pinkish-orange creature swimming beneath the ice. || ",
            "hits": 396
        },
        {
            "id": 3689,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3689/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-03-17T17:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge Greenland Spring 2010 Flight Paths",
            "description": "Operation Ice Bridge is a six-year campaign of annual flights to each of Earth's polar regions. The first flights in March and April carried researchers over Greenland and the Arctic Ocean. This spring's Artic campaign, led by principal investigator Seelye Martin of the University of Washington, will begin the first sustained airborne research effort of its kind over the continent. Data collected by researchers will help scientists bridge the gap between NASA's Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) — which is operating the last of its three lasers — and ICESat-II, scheduled to launch in 2014.The Ice Bridge flights will help scientists maintain the record of changes to sea ice and ice sheets that have been collected since 2003 by ICESat. The flights will lack the continent-wide coverage that can be achieved by satellite, so researchers carefully select key target locations. But the flights will also turn up new information not possible from orbit, such as the shape of the terrain below the ice.Thirteen flights are scheduled and displayed in this visualization. || ",
            "hits": 220
        },
        {
            "id": 3669,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3669/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-02-16T02:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Norwegian-U.S. Scientific Traverse of East Antarctica",
            "description": "A massive, largely unexplored region, the East Antarctic ice sheet looms large in the global climate system, yet relatively little is known about its climate variability or the contribution it makes to sea level changes. The field expedition for this international partnership involves scientific investigations along two overland traverses in East Antarctica: one going from the Norwegian Troll Station to the United States South Pole Station in 2007-2008; and a return traverse by a different route in 2008-2009. This project will investigate climate change in East Antarctica.One of the most pressing environmental issues of our time is the need to understand the mechanisms of current global climate change and the associated impacts on global economic and political systems. In order to predict the future with confidence, we need a clear understanding of past and present changes in the Polar Regions and the role these changes play in the global climate system.For more information about this project go to http://traverse.npolar.no || ",
            "hits": 317
        }
    ]
}