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        {
            "id": 15030,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/15030/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2026-05-06T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "The Retreat of Alaska’s Mendenhall Glacier",
            "description": "From 1986 to 2024, the Mendenhall Glacier retreated by about a mile and in some places thinned by 2,000 feet. This Landsat time series uses infrared bands to differentiate ice, rocks, soil, and vegetation. Although Mendenhall’s retreat began centuries ago, warming has accelerated its decline. The Juneau Icefield, Mendenhall’s source, lost 63 of 1,050 glaciers and 10% of its ice between 2005 and 2019.",
            "hits": 334
        },
        {
            "id": 15037,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/15037/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2026-05-06T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "The Receding Breiðamerkurjökull Glacier, Iceland",
            "description": "Breiðamerkurjökull, an outlet glacier of Iceland’s Vatnajökull ice cap, has been in rapid retreat for decades. As the ice shrinks, it expands the deepening Jökulsárlón lagoon. Warm saltwater from the North Atlantic flows into this basin, accelerating the melting and calving of the glacier's edge. Because these icy landscapes are too vast and remote to measure entirely from the ground, Landsat’s  record is vital for tracking trends over time.",
            "hits": 137
        },
        {
            "id": 31207,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31207/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2022-11-09T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Changes in Zachariæ Isstrøm, North East Greenland, from Landsat – 1999-2022",
            "description": "Zachariae Isstrom glacier, 1999-2022 || ZI-update-2022_00000_print.jpg (1024x576) [314.7 KB] || ZI-update-2022_00000_searchweb.png (320x180) [133.7 KB] || ZI-update-2022_00000_thm.png (80x40) [8.0 KB] || ZI-update-2022_1080p30_3.mp4 (1920x1080) [44.7 MB] || ZI-update-2022_1080p30_3.webm (1920x1080) [6.7 MB] || time-series (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || ZI-update-2022_2160p30_3.mp4 (3840x2160) [145.8 MB] || ",
            "hits": 37
        },
        {
            "id": 31169,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31169/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2021-12-09T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Fading Ice Areas of Northern South America",
            "description": "Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta || SierraNevadadeSantaMarta_00565_print.jpg (1024x576) [279.2 KB] || SierraNevadadeSantaMarta_00000.png (3840x2160) [2.4 MB] || SierraNevadadeSantaMarta_00565_searchweb.png (320x180) [118.1 KB] || SierraNevadadeSantaMarta_00565_thm.png (80x40) [7.5 KB] || SierraNevadadeSantaMarta_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [18.5 MB] || SierraNevadadeSantaMarta_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [4.1 MB] || SierraNevadadeSantaMarta_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [46.4 MB] || SierraNevadadeSantaMarta (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || ",
            "hits": 57
        },
        {
            "id": 31161,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31161/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2021-10-25T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Shrinking Tropical Ice Areas",
            "description": "Ten selected false-color Landsat images from 1980 to 2020 show the progressive loss of ice from the highest part of the Surdiman Range, part of the Maoke ‘Snow’ Mountains in the Indonesian Province of Papua on the island of New Guinea. This location is about 4 degrees south of the Equator but the rocky peaks near Puncak Jaya (4884 m or 16,020 ft at the highest point) are known to have had extensive glacial ice cover for thousands of years. Excluding the small ice area once found near Ngga Pilimsit, from an initial ice area of ~6.3 km2 in 1980 near the highest peaks east of the vast Grasberg Mine, only about 0.3 km2 of glacial ice remains in these mountains. The imagery series also gives the approximate dates of when specific ice remnants disappeared. Each image in the time series has an area of about 16.9 x 9.5 km (10.5 x 5.9 mi). || v2-puncakjaya-time-series_00000_print.jpg (1024x576) [135.3 KB] || v2-puncakjaya-time-series_00000_searchweb.png (320x180) [87.4 KB] || v2-puncakjaya-time-series_00000_thm.png (80x40) [6.5 KB] || v2-puncakjaya-time-series_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [24.3 MB] || v2-puncakjaya-time-series_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [5.6 MB] || puncakjaya (3840x2160) [128.0 KB] || v2-puncakjaya-time-series_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [58.3 MB] || ",
            "hits": 164
        },
        {
            "id": 4885,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4885/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2021-08-24T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Antarctic Ocean Flows: an excerpt from Atlas of a Changing Earth (Dome Master format)",
            "description": "This visualization shows how the ocean circulation in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica flows around and under the floating ice shelves and glaciers. The ocean flows are colored by temperature with blue indicating colder and red showing warmer currents.  This version is in Dome Master format. || Antarctic_flows_v209.1700_print.jpg (1024x1024) [133.8 KB] || Antarctic_flows_v209.1700_searchweb.png (180x320) [56.2 KB] || Antarctic_flows_v209.1700_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || Antarctic_flows_v209_2048p30.mp4 (2048x2048) [153.2 MB] || Antarctic_flows_v209_4096p30_h265_3.webm (4096x4096) [47.5 MB] || 4096x4096_1x1_30p (4096x4096) [0 Item(s)] || Antarctic_flows_v209_4096p30_h265_3.mp4 (4096x4096) [186.8 MB] || ",
            "hits": 244
        },
        {
            "id": 4888,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4888/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2021-08-24T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Antarctic Ocean Flows: an excerpt from Atlas of a Changing Earth (4k format)",
            "description": "This visualization shows how the ocean circulation in the  Amundsen Sea, Antarctica flows around and under the floating ice shelves and glaciers.  The ocean flows are colored by temperature with blue indicating colder and red showing warmer currents.  This version includes a title, credits, narration and music.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || Antarctic_flows_2021_flat_HD_Audio.00310_print.jpg (1024x576) [81.9 KB] || Antarctic_flows_2021_flat_HD_Audio.webm (1920x1080) [16.4 MB] || Antarctic_flows_2021_flat_HD_Audio.mp4 (1920x1080) [286.8 MB] || Antarctic_flows_2021_flat_4k_Audio.en_US.srt [1.3 KB] || Antarctic_flows_2021_flat_4k_Audio.en_US.vtt [1.3 KB] || Antarctic_flows_2021_flat_4k_Audio.mp4 (3840x2160) [1.1 GB] || Antarctic_flows_2021_flat_HD_Audio.mp4.hwshow [200 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 77
        },
        {
            "id": 13889,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13889/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2021-07-26T11:45:00-04:00",
            "title": "Landsat 9 at Work",
            "description": "Landsat 9, launching September 2021, will collect the highest quality data ever recorded by a Landsat satellite, while still ensuring that these new measurements can be compared to those taken by previous generations of the Earth-observing satellite. Landsat 9 will enable or improve measurements of water quality, glacial ice velocity, crop water usage, and much more.Music: The Waiting Room by Sam Dodson [PRS], Afterglow by Christopher Timothy White [PRS],   both published by Atmosphere Music Ltd [PRS]; and Inner Strength by Brava/Dsilence/Input/Output [SGAE], published by El Murmullo Sarao [SGAE] and Universal Sarao [SGAE]. Available from Universal Production Music. Complete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || 13889_Landsat9_at_Work_print.jpg (1024x576) [202.5 KB] || 13889_Landsat9_at_Work_print.png (1920x1080) [3.3 MB] || 13889_Landsat9_at_Work_print_thm.png (80x40) [6.4 KB] || 13889_Landsat9_at_Work_searchweb.png (320x180) [100.7 KB] || 13889_Landsat9_at_Work-hd-tw.mp4 (1920x1080) [50.9 MB] || 13889_Landsat9_at_Work-hd-yt.webm (1920x1080) [25.3 MB] || 13889_Landsat9_at_Work-hd-yt.mp4 (1920x1080) [346.2 MB] || 13889_Landsat9_at_Work-captions.en_US.srt [5.1 KB] || 13889_Landsat9_at_Work-captions.en_US.vtt [4.9 KB] || 13889_Landsat9_at_Work-UHD-yt.mp4 (3840x2160) [872.4 MB] || 13889_Landsat9_at_Work-UHD-pr.mov (3840x2160) [11.8 GB] || ",
            "hits": 33
        },
        {
            "id": 13830,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13830/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2021-04-05T09:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Field Study Sheds New Light on Melt Zone",
            "description": "Complete transcript available. || Return_to_Ablation_Zone_Final.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [148.3 KB] || Return_to_Ablation_Zone_Final.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [96.8 KB] || Return_to_Ablation_Zone_Final.00001_web.png (320x180) [96.8 KB] || Return_to_Ablation_Zone_Final.00001_thm.png (80x40) [5.9 KB] || Return_to_Ablation_Zone_Final.mp4 (1920x1080) [1001.9 MB] || Return_to_Ablation_Zone_Final.webm (1920x1080) [91.7 MB] || Supraglacial_Greenland.en_US.srt [14.7 KB] || Supraglacial_Greenland.en_US.vtt [14.1 KB] || ",
            "hits": 46
        },
        {
            "id": 4871,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4871/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2020-11-05T15:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Ocean Flows under the Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica",
            "description": "This visualization shows the ocean currents circulating  around the Pine Island Bay  and flowing under the Pine Island Glacier. || Antarctic_flows_2020_v137_sea_lvl_rise_p30.2600_print.jpg (1024x576) [85.7 KB] || Antarctic_flows_2020_v137_sea_lvl_rise_p30.2600_searchweb.png (320x180) [84.7 KB] || Antarctic_flows_2020_v137_sea_lvl_rise_p30.2600_thm.png (80x40) [5.5 KB] || SeaLevelRise_PineIsland_ECCO_flows_fast.mp4 (1920x1080) [47.1 MB] || SeaLevelRise_PineIsland_ECCO_flows_fast.webm (1920x1080) [6.3 MB] || Antarctic_flows_2020_v137_sea_lvl_rise_1080p60.mp4 (1920x1080) [66.2 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_60p (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || SeaLevelRise_PineIsland_ECCO_flows_PRORES.mov (1920x1080) [1.4 GB] || SeaLevelRise_PineIsland_ECCO_flows_fast.mp4.hwshow [503 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 65
        },
        {
            "id": 13761,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13761/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2020-11-05T11:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Rising Waters: Out-of-Balance Ice Sheets",
            "description": "Music: \"Marimba Rhythms\" via Universal Production MusicComplete transcript available. || Anatomy_Glacier_Thumbnail.png (1280x720) [1.2 MB] || Anatomy_Glacier_Thumbnail_print.jpg (1024x576) [91.9 KB] || Anatomy_Glacier_Thumbnail_searchweb.png (320x180) [79.1 KB] || Anatomy_Glacier_Thumbnail_thm.png (80x40) [6.0 KB] || Anatomy_Glacier_FINAL.mov (1280x720) [1.4 GB] || Anatomy_Glacier_FINAL.mp4 (1920x1080) [197.9 MB] || Anatomy_Glacier_FINAL.webm (1920x1080) [22.6 MB] || Anatomy_Glacier_FINAL.en_US.srt [3.8 KB] || Anatomy_Glacier_FINAL.en_US.vtt [3.8 KB] || ",
            "hits": 117
        },
        {
            "id": 13711,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13711/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2020-09-07T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Fly Above Alaskan Glaciers in 360",
            "description": "The audio in this video essentially only consists of the noise of the aircraft. || OIB_Alaska_Best_VR_export.00001_print.jpg (1024x512) [145.5 KB] || OIB_Alaska_Best_VR_export.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [90.4 KB] || OIB_Alaska_Best_VR_export.00001_web.png (320x160) [81.6 KB] || OIB_Alaska_Best_VR_export.00001_thm.png (80x40) [6.5 KB] || OIB_Alaska_Best_VR_export.mp4 (4096x2048) [1.8 GB] || oib360.en_US.srt [67 bytes] || oib360.en_US.vtt [81 bytes] || OIB_Alaska_Best_VR_export.webm (4096x2048) [123.7 MB] || ",
            "hits": 25
        },
        {
            "id": 4834,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4834/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2020-08-31T11:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "First Global Survey of Glacial Lakes Shows 30-Years of Dramatic Growth",
            "description": "Data visualization featuring the glacier rich region of the Himalayas, along with many of Earth’s highest peaks. The visualization sequence starts with a wide view of the Tibetan plateau and moves along a hiking path highlighting Mt. Everest, Mt. Lhotse, Mt Nuptse, the Everest Base Camp, the Khumbhu glacier, all the way to Imja Lake. Moving to a top-down view of Imja Lake, a time series of Landsat data unveils its dramatic growth for the period 1989-2019.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || imja_final_4k.4600_print.jpg (1024x576) [114.8 KB] || imja_final_4k.4600_searchweb.png (320x180) [101.5 KB] || imja_final_4k.4600_web.png (320x180) [101.5 KB] || imja_final_4k.4600_thm.png (80x40) [7.5 KB] || imja_final_HD_1080p60.mp4 (1920x1080) [72.9 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_60p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || imja_final_HD_1080p60.webm (1920x1080) [19.7 MB] || with_cities (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || captions_silent.30013.en_US.srt [43 bytes] || imja_final_4k_2160p60.mp4 (3840x2160) [215.1 MB] || imja_final_2160p60_prores.mov (3840x2160) [16.9 GB] || ",
            "hits": 110
        },
        {
            "id": 13492,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13492/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2019-12-09T16:20:00-05:00",
            "title": "48 Years of Alaska Glaciers",
            "description": "Mark Fahnestock, a scientist with the Geological Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, has assembled annual mosaics of all the glaciers in Alaska and the Yukon using Landsat images going back to 1972. Using these mosaics, Mark is able to study glacier motion and speed.All music published by  Atmosphere Music Ltd [PRS]: Inducing Waves, composer Ben Niblett [PRS] Jon Cotton [PRS]; Critical Pathway, composer Rik Carter [PRS]; Emerging Discovery, composer Rik Carter [PRS]Complete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || 13492_Alaska_Glaciers_mosaic_print.jpg (1920x1080) [1.0 MB] || 13492_Alaska_Glaciers_mosaic_print_searchweb.png (320x180) [135.5 KB] || 13492_Alaska_Glaciers_mosaic_print_thm.png (80x40) [9.0 KB] || 13492_Alaska_Glaciers.mov (1920x1080) [4.3 GB] || 13492_Alaska_Glaciers.mp4 (1920x1080) [516.6 MB] || 13492_Alaska_Glaciers.webm (1920x1080) [38.7 MB] || 13492_Alaska_Glaciers-captions.en_US.srt [5.9 KB] || 13492_Alaska_Glaciers-captions.en_US.vtt [5.9 KB] || ",
            "hits": 398
        },
        {
            "id": 31050,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31050/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2019-08-14T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Landsat View of a Disappearing Glacier in Iceland",
            "description": "Ice loss from 1973 to 2019 || Iceland_glacier_00000_print.jpg (1024x576) [104.7 KB] || Iceland_glacier_00000_searchweb.png (320x180) [93.2 KB] || Iceland_glacier_00000_thm.png (80x40) [6.6 KB] || Iceland_glacier_1080p30_2.mp4 (1920x1080) [25.4 MB] || Iceland_glacier_720p30.mp4 (1280x720) [12.6 MB] || Iceland_glacier_720p30.webm (1280x720) [4.1 MB] || Iceland_glacier_1080p30_h265-TEST.mp4 (1920x1080) [3.8 MB] || 5760x3240_16x9_30p (5760x3240) [128.0 KB] || Iceland_glacier_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [81.4 MB] || ",
            "hits": 103
        },
        {
            "id": 31042,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31042/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2019-07-17T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "2016 Lamplugh Glacier Landslide in Glacier Bay National Park",
            "description": "Landslide area during melt seasons before, just after the landslide, and debris moving down glacier || landslide_00780_print.jpg (1024x576) [165.3 KB] || landslide_00780_searchweb.png (320x180) [128.4 KB] || landslide_00780_thm.png (80x40) [9.1 KB] || landslide_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [20.1 MB] || landslide_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [3.8 MB] || 5760x3240_16x9_30p (5760x3240) [0 Item(s)] || landslide_2160p30_2.mp4 (3840x2160) [63.5 MB] || ",
            "hits": 129
        },
        {
            "id": 13243,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13243/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2019-06-26T11:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "NASA Tracks the Future of Asia's Glaciers",
            "description": "Asia’s high mountains are a crucial freshwater source to one-seventh of the world’s population. Snow and glaciers in these mountains contain the largest volume of freshwater outside of Earth's polar ice sheets, leading hydrologists to nickname this region the Third Pole. Rapid changes in the region's climate are affecting glacier flows and snowmelt. Local people are already modifying their land-use practices in response to the changing supply, and the region's ecology is transforming. Scientists estimate that by 2100, these glaciers could be up to 75% smaller in volume. NASA's satellites observe and measure snow and ice cover remotely with multiple types of sensors. This allows scientists to create an authoritative estimate of the water budget of this region and a set of products local policy makers can use in responding to hazards and planning for a changing water supply. || ",
            "hits": 47
        },
        {
            "id": 4689,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4689/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2019-04-01T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Kennicott Glacier Time Lapse Traverse (2013 - 2015)",
            "description": "Rasterized lidar data of Kennicott Glacier, Alaska from 2013 to 2015. The camera starts at the southern part of the glacier and moves northward along most of it's length. || ken_comp.00000_print.jpg (1024x576) [81.1 KB] || ken_comp.00000_searchweb.png (320x180) [72.4 KB] || ken_comp.00000_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || Example_Composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || ken_comp_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [111.4 MB] || ken_comp_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [417.7 MB] || ken_comp_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [182 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 24
        },
        {
            "id": 13162,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13162/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2019-03-29T13:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Flying Alaskan Glaciers",
            "description": "Flying low over some of the most dramatic landscapes on the planet, a cadre of scientists and pilots have been measuring changes in Alaskan glaciers as part of NASA’s Operation IceBridge for almost a decade. The team has seen significant change in ice extent and thickness over that time. Data from the mission was used in a 2015 study that put numbers on the loss of Alaskan glaciers: 75 billion tons of ice every year from 1994 to 2013. Last summer, Chris Larsen and Martin Truffer, both of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, flew with University of Arizona's Jack Holt and University of Texas student Michael Christoffersen. || OIB_Alaska_Final.00010_print.jpg (1024x576) [109.9 KB] || OIB_Alaska_Final.00010_searchweb.png (320x180) [96.3 KB] || OIB_Alaska_Final.00010_thm.png (80x40) [6.8 KB] || OIB_Alaska_Final.mp4 (1920x1080) [939.1 MB] || YOUTUBE_1080_OIB_Alaska_Final_youtube_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [977.3 MB] || OIB_Alaska_Final.webm (1920x1080) [76.9 MB] || OIB_Alaska_Final.en_US.srt [12.6 KB] || OIB_Alaska_Final.en_US.vtt [12.6 KB] || ",
            "hits": 28
        },
        {
            "id": 4688,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4688/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2019-03-25T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Jakobshavn's Interrupted Thinning Explained",
            "description": "This visualization shows a variety of data from the oceans and ice to help explain why the Jakobshavn glacier grew thicker and advanced between 2016 and 2017.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || Jakob_comp_final.3462_print.jpg (1024x576) [311.2 KB] || Jakob_comp_final_1080p30.webmhd.webm (1080x606) [30.5 MB] || Jakobshavn_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [15.9 MB] || final_composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Jakobshavn_720p30.mp4 (1280x720) [110.0 MB] || Jakobshavn_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [201.3 MB] || Jakobshavn_youtube_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [241.5 MB] || captions_silent.26988.en_US.srt [43 bytes] || captions_silent.26988.en_US.vtt [56 bytes] || Jakobshavn_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [184 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 43
        },
        {
            "id": 4691,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4691/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2019-02-11T11:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "A possible second large subglacial impact crater in northwest Greenland",
            "description": "As this visualization draws near to the northwest coast of Greenland where the Hiawatha Glacier is located, the ice sheet is cut away to show the topography of Greenland's bedrock lying beneath the ice sheet at 20x vertical exaggeration. The Hiawatha crater is clearly visible in the topography. Farther inland another, subtler circular depression can be seen. The edge picks of this depression are shown as vertical bars, while potential central peaks are marked by orange pyramids. As we rotate around the depression, the location of the best-fit circle to the edge picks appears and that circle's center is marked with an \"X\". This circle matches well with both the edge of the bedrock depression and also the residual slope of the ice surface as it flows over this depression (not shown), strongly supporting the inference that this depression is another large impact crater.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || C2_Crater_4k.1524_print.jpg (1024x576) [111.8 KB] || C2_Crater_4k.1524_searchweb.png (320x180) [88.0 KB] || C2_Crater_4k.1524_thm.png (80x40) [7.2 KB] || C2_Crater_4k_1080p30_low.mp4 (1920x1080) [23.1 MB] || C2_Crater_4k_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [47.8 MB] || C2_Crater_4k_1080p30.webmhd.webm (1080x606) [11.6 MB] || C2_Crater_4k_2160p30_low.mp4 (3840x2160) [48.2 MB] || C2_Crater_4k_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [85.9 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || captions_silent.24907.en_US.srt [43 bytes] || captions_silent.24907.en_US.vtt [56 bytes] || C2_Crater_4K_YouTube.mp4 (3840x2160) [245.6 MB] || C2_Crater_4K_ProRes.mov (3840x2160) [3.4 GB] || C2_Crater_4k_1080p30_low.mp4.hwshow [190 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 33
        },
        {
            "id": 12941,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12941/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2018-11-14T13:50:00-05:00",
            "title": "Massive Crater Discovered under Greenland Ice",
            "description": "It took the combined efforts of an international team of scientists to unravel the mystery of the Hiawatha crater. This video shows how that discovery came together. Complete transcript available. || combined_cut_8.0_1.00540_print.jpg (1024x576) [126.7 KB] || combined_cut_8.0_1.00540_searchweb.png (320x180) [92.1 KB] || combined_cut_8.0_1.00540_web.png (320x180) [92.1 KB] || combined_cut_8.0_1.00540_thm.png (80x40) [6.2 KB] || combined_cut_8.0_1.webm (1920x1080) [34.6 MB] || Greenland_crater_discovery_final_720.mov (1280x720) [232.3 MB] || Greenland_crater_discovery_final_1080.mov (1920x1080) [329.3 MB] || Greenland_crater_discovery.en_US.srt [5.5 KB] || Greenland_crater_discovery.en_US.vtt [5.5 KB] || Greenland_meteor_crater_1920.mp4 (1920x1080) [2.3 GB] || Greenland_crater_discovery_final.mp4 (3840x2160) [2.8 GB] || ",
            "hits": 55
        },
        {
            "id": 30938,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30938/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2018-04-04T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Ice Losses in Tropical Asia",
            "description": "Progression from 1980-2018 || L2to8_1980_HWcrop2_1080p.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [99.1 KB] || L2to8_1980_HWcrop2_1080p.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [87.8 KB] || L2to8_1980_HWcrop2_1080p.00001_thm.png (80x40) [6.4 KB] || L2to8_1980_HWcrop2_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [5.2 MB] || L2to8_1980_HWcrop2_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [3.0 MB] || L2to8_1980_HWcrop2_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [4.1 MB] || L2to8_1980_HWcrop2_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [16.1 MB] || 4104x2304_16x9_30p (4104x2304) [0 Item(s)] || ",
            "hits": 99
        },
        {
            "id": 12860,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12860/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2018-02-13T09:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Big Year for NASA’s IceBridge in 2017",
            "description": "All seven campaigns are captured in this highlight video. || Big_Year_OIB_2017_final_web.00840_print.jpg (1024x576) [100.5 KB] || Big_Year_OIB_2017_final_web.00840_thm.png (80x40) [5.1 KB] || Big_Year_OIB_2017_final_web.00840_searchweb.png (320x180) [60.4 KB] || Big_Year_OIB_2017_final_web.00840_web.png (320x180) [60.4 KB] || Big_Year_OIB_2017_final.mov (1920x1080) [5.5 GB] || Big_Year_OIB_2017_final_web.mp4 (1920x1080) [213.4 MB] || Big_Year_OIB_2017_final.webm (1920x1080) [22.8 MB] || Big_Year_OIB_2017_final_web.en_US.srt [1.6 KB] || Big_Year_OIB_2017_final_web.en_US.vtt [1.6 KB] || ",
            "hits": 12
        },
        {
            "id": 12830,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12830/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2018-01-18T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Dr. Piers Sellers in Greenland",
            "description": "A short video featuring Dr. Sellers' views on Greenland, climate, and IceBridge. || Piers_OIB_3_1.00240_print.jpg (1024x576) [19.3 KB] || Piers_OIB_3_1.00240_searchweb.png (320x180) [9.7 KB] || Piers_OIB_3_1.00240_thm.png (80x40) [1.5 KB] || Piers_OIB_3_1.mov (1280x720) [211.9 MB] || Piers_OIB_3_1.webm (1280x720) [8.5 MB] || Piers_OIB.en_US.srt [1.4 KB] || Piers_OIB.en_US.vtt [1.4 KB] || ",
            "hits": 15
        },
        {
            "id": 30923,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30923/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2017-12-07T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Calving of A-68 from the Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctica 2016-2017",
            "description": "Developing rift || LarsenC_2016_2017_LandsatVIIRSMODIS_Series.Slide3_print.jpg (1024x574) [202.9 KB] || LarsenC_2016_2017_LandsatVIIRSMODIS_Series.Slide3.png (4104x2304) [11.3 MB] || ",
            "hits": 49
        },
        {
            "id": 30914,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30914/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2017-12-06T14:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Pine Island Glacier Retreat, Antarctica",
            "description": "This visualization shows Sentinel-1 imagery from October 2014 to October 2017 over Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica. The advance and retreat of the front of this ~35-kilometer (~22-mile) wide outlet glacier can be seen in this 6-day interval image series. The rapid flow of inland ice causes the glacier front to advance and two major calving events cause the ice front to retreat.Combined, the 2015 and 2017 calving events have led to the glacier’s ice front being fully disconnected from the North Ice Shelf. The changes to this large outlet from West Antarctica could signal additional sea level contributions from this glacier and the even larger outlet to the west, Thwaites Glacier.Credit: Stef Lhermitte, Delft University of Technology, NetherlandsContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2017), processed by ESA || pine_island_1080p.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [180.8 KB] || pine_island_1080p.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [98.2 KB] || pine_island_1080p.00001_thm.png (80x40) [6.7 KB] || pine_island_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [54.5 MB] || pine_island_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [26.3 MB] || pine_island_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [5.0 MB] || 4104x2304_16x9_30p (4104x2304) [0 Item(s)] || pine_island_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [156.5 MB] || ",
            "hits": 79
        },
        {
            "id": 12204,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12204/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2017-07-28T13:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "NASA Views Laser Landscapes of Helheim Glacier",
            "description": "Complete transcript available. || Helheim_Final.04315_print.jpg (1024x768) [198.3 KB] || Helheim_Final.04315_searchweb.png (320x180) [57.5 KB] || Helheim_Final.04315_thm.png (80x40) [3.4 KB] || Helheim_Final_twitter_720.mp4 (1280x720) [67.9 MB] || Helheim_Final.webm (1280x720) [33.2 MB] || Helheim_Final.en_US.srt [4.7 KB] || Helheim_Final.en_US.vtt [4.7 KB] || Helheim_Final_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [51.8 MB] || Helheim_Final.mp4 (1440x1080) [866.5 MB] || Helheim_Final.mpeg (1280x720) [1012.5 MB] || Helheim_Final_HD.wmv (1920x1080) [628.7 MB] || Helheim_Final_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [164.6 MB] || Helheim_Final_youtube_720.mp4 (1280x720) [507.9 MB] || Helheim_Final_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [1.3 GB] || Helheim_Final_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [164.8 MB] || Helheim_Final.hwshow [40 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 22
        },
        {
            "id": 12608,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12608/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2017-05-17T11:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "IceBridge tackles Svalbard, North Pole, and Greenland in One Day",
            "description": "Complete transcript available. || Zigzag_East_final_youtube.00480_print.jpg (1024x576) [170.1 KB] || Zigzag_East_final_youtube.00480_searchweb.png (180x320) [108.4 KB] || Zigzag_East_final_youtube.00480_web.png (320x180) [108.4 KB] || Zigzag_East_final_youtube.00480_thm.png (80x40) [7.7 KB] || Zigzag_East_final_youtube.mp4 (1920x1080) [257.3 MB] || Zigzag_East_final.mov (1920x1080) [3.2 GB] || Zigzag_East_smaller.mov (1280x720) [1.6 GB] || Zigzag_East_smaller.webm (1280x720) [26.3 MB] || Zigzag_East_final_youtube.en_US.srt [4.2 KB] || Zigzag_East_final_youtube.en_US.vtt [4.1 KB] || ",
            "hits": 22
        },
        {
            "id": 12476,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12476/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2017-03-13T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "At Glacial Speed",
            "description": "A NASA satellite tracks glaciers' slow but steady journey to the sea. || Seasonal_IceFlows_with_hold_BG.1299_1024x576.jpg (1024x576) [210.2 KB] || Seasonal_IceFlows_with_hold_BG.1299_1024x576_print.jpg (1024x576) [209.7 KB] || Seasonal_IceFlows_with_hold_BG.1299_1024x576_thm.png (80x40) [8.9 KB] || Seasonal_IceFlows_with_hold_BG.1299.tif (3840x2160) [10.8 MB] || ",
            "hits": 138
        },
        {
            "id": 12509,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12509/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2017-02-15T11:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Water in Helheim Glacier Makes Its Way to the Ocean",
            "description": "New NASA research found that large crevasses provide aquifer water upstream of Greenland's Helheim Glacier with a clear escape to the ocean. This discovery helps confirm that the water, which is held in a layer of crunchy, granular snow called firn, contributes to sea level rise. || ",
            "hits": 36
        },
        {
            "id": 12482,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12482/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2017-01-12T13:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "NASA to Explore Volcanoes, Coral Reefs, and Snowpacks",
            "description": "Complete transcript available. || EarthEx2.00450_print.jpg (1024x576) [110.8 KB] || EarthEx2.00450_searchweb.png (320x180) [61.7 KB] || EarthEx2.00450_thm.png (80x40) [5.3 KB] || EarthEx2.mp4 (1920x1080) [72.4 MB] || EarthEx2.webm (1920x1080) [7.9 MB] || EarthEx2.mov (3840x2160) [3.5 GB] || EarthEx2.en_US.srt [1.2 KB] || ",
            "hits": 24
        },
        {
            "id": 4528,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4528/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2016-12-12T14:30:00-05:00",
            "title": "Seasonal Speed Variation on Heimdal Glacier",
            "description": "The NASA/USGS Landsat 8 mission has allowed new views of the Earth’s glaciers.  By tracking displacement of local surface features through the seasons on outlet glaciers from the large ice sheets, researchers from the University of Alaska, the University of Bristol, and the University of Colorado have been able to show that each glacier around Greenland has a unique pattern of flow variation through the seasons.  Seasonal variations, seen in this animation on the lower 25 kilometers of Heimdal Glacier in southeast Greenland, are caused by a combination of processes.  For Heimdal, the largest forcing for flow variation is likely the input of increasing amounts of surface melt water through the Spring and Summer, but there is also an interplay between calving of ice from the end of the glacier, flow acceleration as shown in the animation, and thinning of the ice due to the extra stretching from the faster flow.  By measuring these changes in flow on seasonal timescales, scientists can develop a better understanding of what controls the flow of these glaciers where they meet the ocean.  This understanding will improve our ability to anticipate flow responses of these systems in a warming climate. || ",
            "hits": 37
        },
        {
            "id": 4529,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4529/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2016-12-12T14:30:00-05:00",
            "title": "Seasonal Glacier Velocity on the Heimdal Glacier with a pause",
            "description": "This visualization shows the seasonal ice velocity on the Heimdal Glacier in Greenland between October 2013 and October 2016. The color of the flow vectors represent the speed of the flow, with purple representing the slow moving ice and red showing the faster moving ice. This visualization includes a pause highlighting when the velocity is at a seasonal low and again when it reaches a seasonal high.  The color scale is displayed in the lower left corner. || Seasonal_IceFlows_with_hold.1299_print.jpg (1024x576) [233.1 KB] || Seasonal_IceFlows_with_hold.1299_searchweb.png (320x180) [132.3 KB] || Seasonal_IceFlows_with_hold.1299_thm.png (80x40) [8.3 KB] || SeasonalIceVel_withHold_1080p_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [30.7 MB] || SeasonalIceVel_withHold_720p30.mp4 (1280x720) [16.3 MB] || Seasonal_IceFlows_with_hold_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [2.8 MB] || IceVel_withPause_comp (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Seasonal_IceFlows_with_hold_2160p30_2.mp4 (3840x2160) [77.3 MB] || IceVel_withPause_comp (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || SeasonalIceVel_withHold_1080p_p30.mp4.hwshow [199 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 27
        },
        {
            "id": 4348,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4348/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2016-08-31T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge Tracks over the Helheim Glacier in Greenland",
            "description": "Composited version of Helheim OIB tracks visualization || comp_1080.2880_print.jpg (1024x576) [40.5 KB] || helheim_tracks_1920x1080_30fps.mp4 (1920x1080) [12.9 MB] || helheim_tracks_1920x1080_60fps.mp4 (1920x1080) [13.5 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_60p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || helheim_tracks_1920x1080_60fps.webm (1920x1080) [3.2 MB] || helheim_tracks_640x320_30fps.m4v (640x360) [3.6 MB] || comp (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || helheim_tracks_1920x1080_30fps.mp4.hwshow [196 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 51
        },
        {
            "id": 30788,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30788/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2016-07-18T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Ice Loss in Glacier National Park, Montana",
            "description": "Changes in Grinnell and Blackfoot-Jackson Glaciers, false color images from Landsat || glaciernp_1080p.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [233.6 KB] || glaciernp_1080p.00001_thm.png (80x40) [8.1 KB] || glaciernp_1080p.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [124.2 KB] || glaciernp_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [11.7 MB] || glaciernp_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [6.2 MB] || glaciernp_720p.webm (1280x720) [2.8 MB] || glaciernp_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [33.2 MB] || glaciernp_360p.mp4 (640x360) [1.8 MB] || ",
            "hits": 45
        },
        {
            "id": 30777,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30777/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2016-05-13T10:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "NASA's IceBridge Flies Over the Front of a Greenland Glacier",
            "description": "Operation IceBridge flight over Sermeq Kujatdleq glacier in Greenland || sermeq_greenland_glacier.jpg (2000x1333) [4.4 MB] || sermeq_greenland_glacier_searchweb.png (320x180) [114.7 KB] || sermeq_greenland_glacier_thm.png (80x40) [10.3 KB] || operation-icebridge-sermeq-kujatdleq-glacier.hwshow [316 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 18
        },
        {
            "id": 30750,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30750/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2016-02-12T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Changes in Zachariae Isstrom Glacier",
            "description": "Zachariae Isstrom glacier, close up || zachariae_isstrom_glacier_1080p_print.jpg (1024x576) [119.9 KB] || zachariae_isstrom_glacier_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [15.5 MB] || zachariae_isstrom_glacier_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [7.0 MB] || zachariae_isstrom_glacier_720p.webm (1280x720) [3.2 MB] || zi_glacier_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [65.5 MB] || zachariae_isstrom_glacier_360p.mp4 (640x360) [1.8 MB] || crop (4104x2304) [0 Item(s)] || ",
            "hits": 34
        },
        {
            "id": 4306,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4306/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2015-06-25T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "FROZEN: The Full Story",
            "description": "On March 27, 2009, NASA released FROZEN, a twelve-minute show about the Earth's frozen regions designed for Science On a Sphere.  Science On a Sphere was created by NOAA and displays movies on a spherical screen, which is ideal for a show about the Earth or the planets.  The audience can view the show from any side of the sphere and can see any part of the Earth.  Making a movie for this system is challenging, and FROZEN was an exciting project to create.  Until now, only the \"trailer\" for FROZEN has been available for viewing from our site.  Here, for the first time, is an on-line version of the complete show, presented in several different formats that show different aspects of the movie. || ",
            "hits": 47
        },
        {
            "id": 30549,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30549/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2014-11-18T21:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Upsala Glacier Retreat in Argentina",
            "description": "Landsat images from 1986, 2001 and 2014 show the retreat of Upsala glacier. || upsala_glacier_landsat_print.jpg (1024x574) [234.2 KB] || upsala_glacier_landsat.png (4104x2304) [12.8 MB] || upsala_glacier_landsat_web.jpg (319x179) [28.4 KB] || upsala_glacier_landsat_searchweb.png (320x180) [122.2 KB] || upsala_glacier_landsat_thm.png (80x40) [8.3 KB] || upsala_glacier_landsat.pptx [1.3 MB] || upsala_glacier_landsat.key [16.7 MB] || upsala_glacier_landsat.hwshow [212 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 117
        },
        {
            "id": 3885,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3885/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-11-29T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Components of the Cryosphere",
            "description": "This high resolution image, designed for the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, shows the extent of the regions affected by components of the cryosphere around the world. Over land, continuous permafrost is shown in a dark pink while discontinuous permafrost is shown in a lighter shade of pink. Over much of the northern hemisphere's land area, a semi-transparent white veil depicts the regions that are affected by snowfall at least one day during the perion 2000-2012. The bright green line along the southern border of this region shows the maximum snow extent while a black line across the North America, Europe and Asia shows the 50% snow extent line. Glaciers are shown as small golden dots in mountainous areas and in the far northern and southern latitudes. Over the water, ice shelves are shown around Antarctica along with sea ice surrounding the ice shelves. Sea ice is also shown at the North Pole, where the 30 year average sea ice extent is shown by a yellow outline. In addition, the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica are clearly visible. || ",
            "hits": 122
        },
        {
            "id": 4053,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4053/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-11-29T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Regional Assessments of Glacier Mass",
            "description": "In this image, which serves as Figure 4-8 in the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the size of the green circles depicts total area covered by glaciers in each region with the tidewater basin fractions [TW] shown separately in blue. The Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI) regions, designated by the white number, are referenced in Table 4.2 in the IPCC report. The geographic locations of all glaciers, evident primarily in mountainous regions and high latitudes, are shown in yellow with their area increased to improve visibility. Glacier locations and areas were obtained from airborne and Landsat ETM+, ASTER or SPOT5 satellite imagery and are from the Randolph Glacier Inventory Version 2.0 (Arendt et al., 2012).For additional information, refer to the paper available here. || ",
            "hits": 20
        },
        {
            "id": 11389,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11389/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2013-10-31T10:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "A Laser Scientist Answers 5 Questions about LVIS",
            "description": "With winter closing in, a new NASA airborne campaign got under way October 31, 2013 in Greenland. For the first time, the Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor, or LVIS, is flying aboard NASA's new C-130 aircraft to measure the island's ice following a summer's melt. This data will complement measurements the LVIS instrument has taken in previous springtime campaigns as a part of Operation IceBridge, a six-year multi-instrument survey over both Arctic and Antarctic ice. || ",
            "hits": 7
        },
        {
            "id": 4103,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4103/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-09-19T16:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Measuring beneath the Pine Island Ice Shelf",
            "description": "On the margins of Antarctica, an ice shelve acts as a dam slowing the movement of outlet glaciers flowing toward the sea. However, the ice shelves are exposed to the underlying ocean and may weaken as a result of warm ocean currents. Scientists recently completed an expedition to the ice shelf buffering the Pine Island glacier, a major outlet of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet that has rapidly thinned and accelerated in recent decades. Drilling a shaft through the ice shelf, they submerged instruments beneath the ice to measure ocean velocity, temperature, and salinity. Their observations revealed a 600-m-wide 80-m-deep channel cut into the underside of the ice-shelf that incurs melting beneath the ice shelf of 0.06 m per day. See the paper here for details.This animation shows the ocean currents colored by their velocity circulating around and under the Pine Island ice shelf. Orange and yellow indicate faster currents while green and blue depict slower. A small red marker indicates the location of the drill site. In this animation, the Pine Island ice shelf is temporarily sliced away to reveal the ocean flows under the ice and subsequently restored up to the location of the drill site. A shaft penetrates through the ice sheet and the instrument is lowered through the shaft into the water that flows beneath the ice shelf. In this animation, the topography and ice shelf thickness is exaggerated by 15 times. || ",
            "hits": 22
        },
        {
            "id": 4060,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4060/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-06-04T10:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Antarctic Bedrock",
            "description": "<!——><!—Above: Move bar to compare the bedrock topography (left) to the ice sheet surface (right).Download HTML to embed this in your web page.The topography of the bedrock under the Antarctic Ice Sheet is critical to understanding the dynamic motion of the ice sheet, its thickness and its influence on the surrounding ocean and global climate. In 2001, the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) released a map of the bed under the Antarctic Ice Sheet and the seabed extending out on to the continental shelf derived from data collected by an international consortium of scientists over the prior fifty years. The resulting dataset was called BEDMAP (or BEDMAP1).In 2013, BAS released an update of the topographic dataset called BEDMAP2 that incorporates twenty-five million measurements taken over the past two decades from the ground, air and space. This visualization compares the new BEDMAP2 dataset to the original BEDMAP1 dataset showing the improvements in resolution and coverage. <!——><!—Above: Move bar to compare the Bedmap1 topography (left) to the Bedmap2 topography (right). Download HTML to embed this in your web page.Since 2009, NASA's mission Operation IceBridge (OIB) has flown aircraft over the Antarctic Ice Sheet carrying laser and ice-penetrating radar instruments to collect data about the surface height, bedrock topography and ice thickness. This visualization highlights the contribution that OIB has made to this important dataset.The topography in this visualization is exaggerated to emphasize the topographic relief. The amount of exaggeration varies based on the viewpoint, from twenty times in distant views down to nine times when near the Pine Island Bay. || ",
            "hits": 306
        },
        {
            "id": 3886,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3886/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-05-16T14:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Regional Rates of Glacier Loss for 2003 to 2009",
            "description": "In the image below, global glacial mass loss and area are summarized by regions. The area of the red circles corresponds to the annual glacial mass loss from 2003 to 2009. Glacier mass change estimates are determined from a combination of satellite altimetry (ICESat), satellite gravimetry (GRACE) and in situ field observations as determined by Gardner et al. Light orange halos surrounding red circles show the 95% confidence interval in mass change estimates, but can only be seen in regions with large uncertainties.The area of the green/blue circles depicts total glacier area for each region with the tidewater basin fractions [TW] shown separately in blue. The geographic locations of all glaciers, evident primarily in mountainous regions and high latitudes, are shown in yellow with their area increased to improve visibility. || ",
            "hits": 28
        },
        {
            "id": 11245,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11245/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2013-04-05T15:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Keeping a Close Eye on Jakobshavn",
            "description": "Jakobshavn Glacier, one of the fastest moving glaciers in Greenland, has been the focus of IceBridge survey flights for five consecutive years. Here, images from an IceBridge mission on Apr. 4, 2013 and video footage from the 2012 Arctic campaign show this rapidly changing ice stream and how IceBridge is using its suite of airborne instruments to collect crucial data on ice movement and how much glaciers like Jakobshavn might contribute to future sea level rise. || ",
            "hits": 14
        },
        {
            "id": 11135,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11135/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2012-11-16T20:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge 2012 Antarctic Campaign video series",
            "description": "This year Operation IceBridge completed 16 science flights over Antarctica and nearby sea ice, flying once again out of Punta Arenas, Chile. This video series contains a diverse set of products reflecting the science and adventure of the mission. || ",
            "hits": 31
        },
        {
            "id": 11030,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11030/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2012-07-23T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Columbia Glacier, Alaska, 1986-2011",
            "description": "The Columbia Glacier in Alaska is one of many vanishing around the world. Glacier retreat is one of the most direct and understandable effects of climate change. The consequences of the decline in alpine glaciers include contributing to global sea level rise. || ",
            "hits": 78
        },
        {
            "id": 10923,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10923/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2012-03-06T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Flying through the Rift: An update on the crack in the P.I.G.",
            "description": "NASA's DC-8 flew over the Pine Island Glacier Ice Shelf on Oct. 14, 2011, as part of Operation IceBridge. A large, long-running crack was plainly visible across the ice shelf. The DC-8 took off on Oct. 26, 2011, to collect more data on the ice shelf and the crack. The area beyond the crack that could calve in the coming months covers about 310 square miles (800 sq. km). || ",
            "hits": 26
        },
        {
            "id": 3906,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3906/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2012-02-07T12:40:00-05:00",
            "title": "Global Mass Balance from GRACE",
            "description": "In the first comprehensive satellite study of its kind, a University of Colorado Boulder-led team used NASA data to calculate how much Earth's melting land ice is adding to global sea level rise.Using satellite measurements from the NASA/German Aerospace Center Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), the researchers measured ice loss in all of Earth's land ice between 2003 and 2010, with particular emphasis on glaciers and ice caps outside of Greenland and Antarctica. The total global ice mass lost from Greenland, Antarctica and all Earth's glaciers and ice caps over the period studied was about 4.3 trillion tons (1,000 cubic miles), adding about 12 millimeters (0.5 inches) to global sea level. That's enough ice to cover the United States 1.5 feet (0.5 meters) deep.About a quarter of the average annual ice loss came from glaciers and ice caps outside of Greenland and Antarctica (about 148 billion tons, or 39 cubic miles), while ice loss from Greenland and Antarctica and their peripheral ice caps and glaciers averaged roughly 385 billion tons (100 cubic miles) a year. Results of the study are published online Feb. 8 in the journal Nature.\"Earth is losing a huge amount of ice to the ocean annually, and these new results will help us answer important questions in terms of both sea rise and how the planet's cold regions are responding to global change,\" said University of Colorado Boulder physics professor John Wahr, who helped lead the study.\"The strength of GRACE is it sees all the mass in the system, even though its resolution isn't high enough to allow us to determine separate contributions from each individual glacier,\" said Wahr, also a fellow at the University of Colorado-headquartered Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences. Traditional estimates of Earth's ice caps and glaciers have been made using ground measurements from relatively few glaciers to infer what all the world's unmonitored glaciers were doing. Only a few hundred of the roughly 200,000 glaciers worldwide have been monitored for longer than a decade.One unexpected study result from GRACE was that the estimated ice loss from high Asian mountain ranges like the Himalaya, the Pamir and the Tien Shan was only about 4 billion tons of ice annually. Some previous ground-based estimates of ice loss in these high Asian mountains have ranged up to 50 billion tons annually, Wahr said.\"The GRACE results in this region really were a surprise,\" said Wahr. \"One possible explanation is that previous estimates were based on measurements taken primarily from some of the lower, more accessible glaciers in Asia and were extrapolated to infer the behavior of higher glaciers. But unlike the lower glaciers, most of the high glaciers are located in very cold environments, and require greater amounts of atmospheric warming before local temperatures rise enough to cause significant melting. This makes it difficult to use low-elevation, ground-based measurements to estimate results from the entire system.\"\"This study finds that the world's small glaciers and ice caps in places like Alaska, South America and the Himalayas contribute about 0.4 millimeters (.02 inches) per year to sea level rise,\" said Tom Wagner, cryosphere program scientist at NASA Headquarters in Washington. \"While this is lower than previous estimates, it confirms that ice is being lost from around the globe, with just a few areas in precarious balance. The results sharpen our view of land ice melting, which poses the biggest, most threatening factor in future sea level rise.\"Launched in 2002, the twin GRACE satellites track changes in Earth's gravity field by noting minute changes in gravitational pull caused by regional variations in Earth's mass, which for periods of months to years is typically due to movements of water on Earth's surface. It does this by measuring changes in the distance between its two identical spacecraft to one-hundredth the width of a human hair. The spacecraft, developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., are in the same orbit approximately 220 kilometers (137 miles) apart. || ",
            "hits": 109
        },
        {
            "id": 3911,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3911/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2012-02-07T12:40:00-05:00",
            "title": "Mass Balance Change over India from GRACE",
            "description": "In the first comprehensive satellite study of its kind, a University of Colorado Boulder-led team used NASA data to calculate how much Earth's melting land ice is adding to global sea level rise.Using satellite measurements from the NASA/German Aerospace Center Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), the researchers measured ice loss in all of Earth's land ice between 2003 and 2010, with particular emphasis on glaciers and ice caps outside of Greenland and Antarctica. The total global ice mass lost from Greenland, Antarctica and all Earth's glaciers and ice caps over the period studied was about 4.3 trillion tons (1,000 cubic miles), adding about 12 millimeters (0.5 inches) to global sea level. That's enough ice to cover the United States 1.5 feet (0.5 meters) deep. About a quarter of the average annual ice loss came from glaciers and ice caps outside of Greenland and Antarctica (about 148 billion tons, or 39 cubic miles), while ice loss from Greenland and Antarctica and their peripheral ice caps and glaciers averaged roughly 385 billion tons (100 cubic miles) a year. Results of the study are published online Feb. 8 in the journal Nature.\"Earth is losing a huge amount of ice to the ocean annually, and these new results will help us answer important questions in terms of both sea rise and how the planet's cold regions are responding to global change,\" said University of Colorado Boulder physics professor John Wahr, who helped lead the study. \"The strength of GRACE is it sees all the mass in the system, even though its resolution isn't high enough to allow us to determine separate contributions from each individual glacier,\" said Wahr, also a fellow at the University of Colorado-headquartered Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences. Traditional estimates of Earth's ice caps and glaciers have been made using ground measurements from relatively few glaciers to infer what all the world's unmonitored glaciers were doing. Only a few hundred of the roughly 200,000 glaciers worldwide have been monitored for longer than a decade. One unexpected study result from GRACE was that the estimated ice loss from high Asian mountain ranges like the Himalaya, the Pamir and the Tien Shan was only about 4 billion tons of ice annually. Some previous ground-based estimates of ice loss in these high Asian mountains have ranged up to 50 billion tons annually, Wahr said. \"The GRACE results in this region really were a surprise,\" said Wahr. \"One possible explanation is that previous estimates were based on measurements taken primarily from some of the lower, more accessible glaciers in Asia and were extrapolated to infer the behavior of higher glaciers. But unlike the lower glaciers, most of the high glaciers are located in very cold environments, and require greater amounts of atmospheric warming before local temperatures rise enough to cause significant melting. This makes it difficult to use low-elevation, ground-based measurements to estimate results from the entire system.\" \"This study finds that the world's small glaciers and ice caps in places like Alaska, South America and the Himalayas contribute about 0.4 millimeters (.02 inches) per year to sea level rise,\" said Tom Wagner, cryosphere program scientist at NASA Headquarters in Washington. \"While this is lower than previous estimates, it confirms that ice is being lost from around the globe, with just a few areas in precarious balance. The results sharpen our view of land ice melting, which poses the biggest, most threatening factor in future sea level rise.\" Launched in 2002, the twin GRACE satellites track changes in Earth's gravity field by noting minute changes in gravitational pull caused by regional variations in Earth's mass, which for periods of months to years is typically due to movements of water on Earth's surface. It does this by measuring changes in the distance between its two identical spacecraft to one-hundredth the width of a human hair. The spacecraft, developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., are in the same orbit approximately 220 kilometers (137 miles) apart. || ",
            "hits": 28
        },
        {
            "id": 3889,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3889/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-11-28T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Pine Island Glacier Ice Flows and Elevation Change",
            "description": "This animation shows glacier changes detected by ATM, ICESat and ice bridge data in the highly dynamic Pine Island Glacier. We know that ice speeds in this area have increased dramatically from the late 1990s to the present as the ice shelves in this area have thinned and the bottom of the ice has lost contact with the bed beneath. As the ice has accelerated, ice upstream of the coast must be stretched more vigorously, causing it to thin. NASA-sponsored aircraft missions first measured the ice surface height in this region in 2002, followed by ICESat data between 2002 and 2009. Ice Bridge aircraft have measured further surface heights in 2009 and 2010, and these measurements continue today. Integrating these altimetry sources allows us to estimate surface height changes throughout the drainage regions of the most important glaciers in the region. We see large and accelerating elevation changes extending inland from the coast on Pine Island glacier shown centered here. The changes on Pine Island mark these as potential continuing sources of ice to the sea, and has been surveyed in 2011 by Ice Bridge aircraft and targeted for repeat measurements in coming years. || ",
            "hits": 23
        },
        {
            "id": 10860,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10860/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2011-11-02T11:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge Discovers Massive Crack In Ice Shelf",
            "description": "NASA's DC-8 flew over the Pine Island Glacier Ice Shelf on Oct. 14, 2011, as part of Operation IceBridge. A large, long-running crack was plainly visible across the ice shelf. The DC-8 took off on Oct. 26, 2011, to collect more data on the ice shelf and the crack. The area beyond the crack that could calve in the coming months covers about 310 square miles (800 sq. km). || ",
            "hits": 110
        },
        {
            "id": 3875,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3875/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-11-02T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "West Antarctic Glacier Ice Flows and Elevation Change",
            "description": "This animation shows glacier changes detected by ATM, ICESat and ice bridge data in the highly dynamic Amundsen Embayment of West Antarctica. We know that ice speeds in this area have increased dramatically from the late 1990s to the present as the ice shelves in this area have thinned and the bottom of the ice has lost contact with the bed beneath. As the ice has accelerated, ice upstream of the coast must be stretched more vigorously, causing it to thin. NASA-sponsored aircraft missions first measured the ice surface height in this region in 2002, followed by ICESat data between 2002 and 2009. Ice Bridge aircraft have measured further surface heights in 2009 and 2010, and these measurements continue today. Integrating these altimetry sources allows us to estimate surface height changes throughout the drainage regions of the most important glaciers in the region. We see large elevation changes at the coast on Thwaites glacier, at the center of the images, and large and accelerating elevation changes extending inland from the coast on Pine Island and Smith glaciers, to the left and right of the images, respectively. The changes on Pine Island and Smith glaciers mark these as potential continuing sources of ice to the sea, and they have been surveyed in 2011 by Ice Bridge aircraft and targeted for repeat measurements in coming years. || ",
            "hits": 113
        },
        {
            "id": 10734,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10734/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2011-03-15T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Building a Bigger Bridge - OIB 2011 Preview",
            "description": "Operation IceBridge is heading back into the Arctic with two aircraft and the most sophisticated suite of instruments ever flown in polar regions. This year's mission will focus on sea ice thickness, the Canadian Ice Caps, Greenland ice sheet dynamics, and flyovers of the European Space Agency's CryoSat-2 ground validation sites. || ",
            "hits": 14
        },
        {
            "id": 3806,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3806/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-12-09T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Orthographic View of Jakobshavn Calving Front: 1851 to 2010",
            "description": "The Jakobshavn Isbrae glacier, also known as Sermeq Kujalleq, is located on the west coast of Greenland at Latitude 69 degrees N. The ice front, where the glacier calves into the sea, receded more than 40 km between 1850 and 2010. Between 1850 and 1964 the ice front retreated at a steady rate of about 0.3 km/yr, after which it occupied approximately the same location until 2001, receding 10km in three years. After 2005 the single icefront had retreated enough to split into distinct fronts for the smaller, northern tributary and the main southern trunk. The icestream flows in a deep trough which ends near the current glacier terminus. The bedrock topography is expected to stabilize the location of the icefront for the near future as the glacier continues to drawn ice from Greenland's interior. The movement of ice from glaciers on land into the ocean contributes to a rise in sea level. Jakobshavn Isbrae is Greenland's largest outlet glacier, draining 6.5 percent of Greenland's ice sheet area. This image is generated with an orthographic camera set to view the range from 51.372 W longitude to 49.212 W and from 68.94 N latitude to 69.39 N. The Landsat image shown in the background is a false color image of data collected on July 29, 2009. || ",
            "hits": 59
        },
        {
            "id": 10693,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10693/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2010-11-15T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "IceBridge Antarctic Peninsula Flight Highlights - Nov. 13, 2010",
            "description": "The IceBridge science team and DC-8 crew flew a mission over the Antarctic Peninsula on Saturday, November 13th. This video provides a snapshot of the flight from the field and describes the challenges faced with weather and terrain. All instruments collected data for several glaciers before the weather conditions forced an early return to Punta Arenas. || ",
            "hits": 14
        },
        {
            "id": 3803,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3803/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-11-14T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Ice Fronts on the Larsen B Ice Shelf, 2001-2009",
            "description": "This animation shows the location of the edges of ice shelves and glaciers in and around the Larsen B Embayment of Antarctica, over successive Springs between 2001 and 2009. || Glacier/ice edges || larsen_0001.jpg (1280x720) [216.3 KB] || larsen_0001_web.png (320x180) [99.9 KB] || larsen_0001_thm.png (80x40) [7.3 KB] || 1280x720_16x9_30p (1280x720) [64.0 KB] || larsen.mp4 (1280x720) [7.3 MB] || larsen.webmhd.webm (960x540) [6.1 MB] || ",
            "hits": 21
        },
        {
            "id": 10627,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10627/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2010-08-09T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Video File:  Large Slab of Greenland's Petermann Glacier Breaks Off",
            "description": "On August 5, 2010, an enormous chunk of ice, roughly 97 square miles in size, broke off the Petermann Glacier, along the northwestern coast of Greenland. The glacier lost about one-quarter of its 40-mile long floating ice shelf, the Northern Hemisphere's largest. It's not unusual for large icebergs to calve off the Petermann Glacier, but this new one is the largest to form in the Arctic since 1962. || ",
            "hits": 99
        },
        {
            "id": 3729,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3729/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-06-15T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Byrd Glacier",
            "description": "LIMA presents the first-ever, true-color, high-resolution view of Antarctica. Prepared from 1100 Landsat-7 images collected from 1999 to 2003, it provides scientists and non-scientists a stunning \"you are there\" view of the least familiar continent. Shown here are two perspectives of Byrd Glacier, one of the largest in Antarctica. The down-glacier view (above) looks northeastward and the up-glacier regional view (below) looks southward toward the South Pole which is 1050 km distant. The 15-meter resolution imagery is draped over the Radarsat Antarctic Mapping Project Digital Elevation Model Version 2. Byrd Glacier plunges through a deep valley in the Transatlantic Mountains and onto the Ross Ice Shelf, dropping more than 4,300 feet over a distance of 112 miles. It remains a distinct ice stream all the way to the edge of the shelf, some 260 miles from the foot of the mountains to the open sea. || ",
            "hits": 22
        },
        {
            "id": 10597,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10597/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2010-04-06T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge's 2010 Arctic Campaign Takes Off: Reporters Package",
            "description": "NASA's Operation IceBridge mission, the largest airborne survey ever flown of Earth's polar ice, kicked off its second year of study in late March 2010. The IceBridge mission allows scientists to track changes in the extent and thickness of polar ice, which is important to understanding ice dynamics. IceBridge began in March 2009 as a means to fill the gap in polar observations between the loss of NASA's ICESat satellite and the launch of ICESat-2, planned for 1015. Annual missions fly over the Arctic in March and April and over the Antarctic in October and November. This video gives a brief overview of the start of the Arctic 2010 IceBridge campaign.For complete transcript, click here. || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_appletv.00127_print.jpg (1024x768) [113.3 KB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_appletv_web.png (320x240) [292.7 KB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_appletv_thm.png (80x40) [16.9 KB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_appletv_searchweb.png (320x180) [85.3 KB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_appletv.webmhd.webm (960x540) [19.3 MB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_appletv.m4v (960x720) [44.5 MB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_ProResBroll.mov (1280x720) [1.3 GB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_YouTubeHQ.mov (1280x720) [43.6 MB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_goddard_shorts.m4v (640x360) [15.4 MB] || GSFC_20100406_OIB_m10597_Pkg2a.en_US.srt [1.8 KB] || GSFC_20100406_OIB_m10597_Pkg2a.en_US.vtt [1.8 KB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_NASA_PORTAL.wmv (346x260) [13.4 MB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_podcast.m4v (320x180) [6.2 MB] || G2010-028_OIB_Pkg2_SVS.mpg (512x288) [11.4 MB] || ",
            "hits": 18
        },
        {
            "id": 10596,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10596/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2010-04-02T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "IceBridge 2010, a liveshot with Lora Koenig",
            "description": "Live interview with NASA Goddard cryospheric scientist Lora Koenig regarding Operation IceBridge and the 2010 Arctic sea ice maximum. || Koenig_OIB_LS_2010_SVS.00327_print.jpg (1024x576) [67.0 KB] || Koenig_OIB_LS_2010_SVS_web.png (320x180) [207.5 KB] || Koenig_OIB_LS_2010_SVS_thm.png (80x40) [16.1 KB] || Koenig_OIB_LS_2010.webmhd.webm (960x540) [56.4 MB] || Koenig_OIB_LS_2010.m4v (960x720) [138.4 MB] || Koenig_OIB_LS_2010.mov (1280x720) [4.1 GB] || Koenig_OIB_LS_2010_youtube_HQ.mov (1280x720) [115.0 MB] || Koenig_OIB_LS_2010_youtube.mov (1280x720) [53.3 MB] || Koenig_OIB_LS_2010_Goddard_Shorts.m4v (640x360) [42.0 MB] || Koenig_OIB_LS_2010_nasa_podcast.m4v (320x180) [17.6 MB] || Koenig_OIB_LS_2010_NASA_PORTAL.wmv (346x260) [36.3 MB] || Koenig_OIB_LS_2010_SVS.mpg (512x288) [36.0 MB] || ",
            "hits": 15
        },
        {
            "id": 3669,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3669/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-02-16T02:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Norwegian-U.S. Scientific Traverse of East Antarctica",
            "description": "A massive, largely unexplored region, the East Antarctic ice sheet looms large in the global climate system, yet relatively little is known about its climate variability or the contribution it makes to sea level changes. The field expedition for this international partnership involves scientific investigations along two overland traverses in East Antarctica: one going from the Norwegian Troll Station to the United States South Pole Station in 2007-2008; and a return traverse by a different route in 2008-2009. This project will investigate climate change in East Antarctica.One of the most pressing environmental issues of our time is the need to understand the mechanisms of current global climate change and the associated impacts on global economic and political systems. In order to predict the future with confidence, we need a clear understanding of past and present changes in the Polar Regions and the role these changes play in the global climate system.For more information about this project go to http://traverse.npolar.no || ",
            "hits": 72
        },
        {
            "id": 3672,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3672/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-01-05T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "28 Year Arctic Temperature Trend",
            "description": "Scientists who study the Arctic region consider this area to be an early indicator of global warming, because changes in this area are amplified by the high albedo of the snow and ice. This animation depicts the 28-year surface temperature trend over the Arctic region determined from data collected between August 1981 and July 2009. The warming and cooling regions are shown in steps of .02 degrees Kelvin per year from the regions of greatest change to the areas of least change. Blue hues indicate cooling regions; red hues depict warming. The neutral region of -.02 to +.02 is shown in white. Light regions indicate less change while darker regions indicate more. The temperature scale used ranges from -0.42 to +0.42 degrees Kelvin, although the minimum data value is -0.1825 degrees Kelvin per year while the maximum value is 0.4185. || ",
            "hits": 105
        },
        {
            "id": 3676,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3676/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-01-05T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "28 Year Arctic Winter Seasonal Temperature Trend",
            "description": "The Arctic region has been an area of scientific interest because it is expected that global warming signals will be amplified in the region because of ice-albedo feedback effect. Such effect is associated with the high albedo of snow and sea ice covered areas compared to that of ice free ocean and land areas. This animation depicts the 28-year winter seasonal surface temperature trend over the Arctic region determined from data collected during the months of December, January and February between 1981 and 2009. In this animation, the warming and cooling regions are revealed in steps of .02 degrees change per year starting with the regions of greatest change and progressing to the areas of least change. Blue hues indicate cooling regions while red hues depict warming. The neutral region of -.01 to +.01 degrees is shown in white. Brighter regions indicate greater temperature change while light regions indicate less. On the left side, the colarbar shows cooling temperatures ranging from -0.42 to zero degrees Kelvin, while the colorbar on the right shows warming temperatures ranging from zero to +0.42 degrees Kelvin per year. A moving bar beside each colorbar indicates the range of data values being displayed. || ",
            "hits": 129
        },
        {
            "id": 3677,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3677/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-01-05T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "28 Year Arctic Spring Seasonal Temperature Trend",
            "description": "The Arctic region has been an area of scientific interest because it is expected that global warming signals will be amplified in the region because of ice-albedo feedback effect. Such effect is associated with the high albedo of snow and sea ice covered areas compared to that of ice free ocean and land areas. This animation depicts the 28-year spring seasonal surface temperature trend over the Arctic region determined from data collected during the months of March, April and May between 1982 and 2009.In this animation, the warming and cooling regions are revealed in steps of .02 degrees change per year starting with the regions of greatest change and progressing to the areas of least change. Blue hues indicate cooling regions while red hues depict warming. The neutral region of -.01 to +.01 degrees is shown in white. Brighter regions indicate greater temperature change while light regions indicate less. On the left side, the colarbar shows cooling temperatures ranging from -0.42 to zero degrees Kelvin, while the colorbar on the right shows warming temperatures ranging from zero to +0.42 degrees per year. An animated bar beside each colorbar brackets the range of data values being displayed. || ",
            "hits": 26
        },
        {
            "id": 3678,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3678/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-01-05T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "28 Year Arctic Summer Seasonal Temperature Trend",
            "description": "The Arctic region has been an area of scientific interest because it is expected that global warming signals will be amplified in the region because of ice-albedo feedback effect. Such effect is associated with the high albedo of snow and sea ice covered areas compared to that of ice free ocean and land areas. This animation depicts the 28-year summer seasonal surface temperature trend over the Arctic region determined from data collected during the months of June, July and August between 1982 and 2009.In this animation, the warming and cooling regions are revealed in steps of .02 degrees change per year starting with the regions of greatest change and progressing to the areas of least change. Blue hues indicate cooling regions while red hues depict warming. The neutral region of -.01 to +.01 degrees is shown in white. Brighter regions indicate greater temperature change while light regions indicate less. On the left side, the colarbar shows cooling temperatures ranging from -0.42 to zero degrees Kelvin, while the colorbar on the right shows warming temperatures ranging from zero to +0.42 degrees per year. An animated bar beside each colorbar brackets the range of data values being displayed. || ",
            "hits": 64
        },
        {
            "id": 3679,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3679/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-01-05T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "28 Year Arctic Autumn Seasonal Temperature Trend",
            "description": "The Arctic region has been an area of scientific interest because it is expected that global warming signals will be amplified in the region because of ice-albedo feedback effect. Such effect is associated with the high albedo of snow and sea ice covered areas compared to that of ice free ocean and land areas. This animation depicts the 28-year autumn seasonal surface temperature trend over the Arctic region determined from data collected during the months of September, October and November between 1981 and 2008.In this animation, the warming and cooling regions are revealed in steps of .02 degrees change per year starting with the regions of greatest change and progressing to the areas of least change. Blue hues indicate cooling regions while red hues depict warming. The neutral region of -.01 to +.01 degrees is shown in white. Brighter regions indicate greater temperature change while light regions indicate less. On the left side, the colarbar shows cooling temperatures ranging from -0.42 to zero degrees Kelvin, while the colorbar on the right shows warming temperatures ranging from zero to +0.42 degrees per year. An animated bar beside each colorbar brackets the range of data values being displayed. || ",
            "hits": 102
        },
        {
            "id": 3670,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3670/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-12-17T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Poster of the Jakobshavn Glacier Calving Front Recession from 1851 to 2009",
            "description": "Jakobshavn Isbrae is located on the west coast of Greenland at Latitude 69 N. The ice front, where the glacier calves into the sea, receded more than 40 km between 1850 and 2006. Between 1850 and 1964 the ice front retreated at a steady rate of about 0.3 km/yr, after which it occupied approximately the same location until 2001, when the ice front began to recede again, but far more rapidly at about 3 km/yr. As more ice moves from glaciers on land into the ocean, it causes a rise in sea level. Jakobshavn Isbrae is Greenland's largest outlet glacier, draining 6.5 percent of Greenland's ice sheet area. The ice stream's speed-up and near-doubling of the ice flow from land into the ocean has increased the rate of sea level rise by about .06 millimeters (about .002 inches) per year, or roughly 4 percent of the 20th century rate of sea level increase. This may be due in part to the numerous melt lakes visible here near the top of the image. These are believed to lubricate the layer between the ice sheet and bedrock, causing the ice to flow faster toward the sea. See an animation illustrating this acceleration in item #10153. || ",
            "hits": 27
        },
        {
            "id": 3631,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3631/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-09-07T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Daily Arctic Sea Ice - Summer 2009",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.Duing the summer of 2009, the arctic sea ice reached its minimum extent on September 12th. The 2009 minimum extent was the third lowest extent measured since the beginning of the satellite record in 1979. This animation shows the summer retreat of sea ice over the Arctic from 7/1/2009 through 9/12/2009. The sea ice was defined by a 3-day moving average of the AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration, showing the region where the sea ice concentration was greater than 15%. The false color of the sea ice was derived from the AMSR-E 6.25 km brightness temperature. || ",
            "hits": 17
        },
        {
            "id": 3619,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3619/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-09-01T18:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "A Tour of the Cryosphere 2009",
            "description": "The cryosphere consists of those parts of the Earth's surface where water is found in solid form, including areas of snow, sea ice, glaciers, permafrost, ice sheets, and icebergs. In these regions, surface temperatures remain below freezing for a portion of each year. Since ice and snow exist relatively close to their melting point, they frequently change from solid to liquid and back again due to fluctuations in surface temperature. Although direct measurements of the cryosphere can be difficult to obtain due to the remote locations of many of these areas, using satellite observations scientists monitor changes in the global and regional climate by observing how regions of the Earth's cryosphere shrink and expand.This animation portrays fluctuations in the cryosphere through observations collected from a variety of satellite-based sensors. The animation begins in Antarctica, showing some unique features of the Antarctic landscape found nowhere else on earth. Ice shelves, ice streams, glaciers, and the formation of massive icebergs can be seen clearly in the flyover of the Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica. A time series shows the movement of iceberg B15A, an iceberg 295 kilometers in length which broke off of the Ross Ice Shelf in 2000. Moving farther along the coastline, a time series of the Larsen ice shelf shows the collapse of over 3,200 square kilometers ice since January 2002. As we depart from the Antarctic, we see the seasonal change of sea ice and how it nearly doubles the apparent area of the continent during the winter.From Antarctica, the animation travels over South America showing glacier locations on this mostly tropical continent. We then move further north to observe daily changes in snow cover over the North American continent. The clouds show winter storms moving across the United States and Canada, leaving trails of snow cover behind. In a close-up view of the western US, we compare the difference in land cover between two years: 2003 when the region received a normal amount of snow and 2002 when little snow was accumulated. The difference in the surrounding vegetation due to the lack of spring melt water from the mountain snow pack is evident.As the animation moves from the western US to the Arctic region, the areas affected by permafrost are visible. As time marches forward from March to September, the daily snow and sea ice recede and reveal the vast areas of permafrost surrounding the Arctic Ocean.The animation shows a one-year cycle of Arctic sea ice followed by the mean September minimum sea ice for each year from 1979 through 2008. The superimposed graph of the area of Arctic sea ice at this minimum clearly shows the dramatic decrease in Artic sea ice over the last few years.While moving from the Arctic to Greenland, the animation shows the constant motion of the Arctic polar ice using daily measures of sea ice activity. Sea ice flows from the Arctic into Baffin Bay as the seasonal ice expands southward. As we draw close to the Greenland coast, the animation shows the recent changes in the Jakobshavn glacier. Although Jakobshavn receded only slightly from 1964 to 2001, the animation shows significant recession from 2001 through 2009. As the animation pulls out from Jakobshavn, the effect of the increased flow rate of Greenland costal glaciers is shown by the thinning ice shelf regions near the Greenland coast.This animation shows a wealth of data collected from satellite observations of the cryosphere and the impact that recent cryospheric changes are making on our planet.For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website.Note: This animation is an update of the animation 'A Short Tour of the Cryosphere', which is itself an abridged version of the animation 'A Tour of the Cryosphere'. The popularity of the earlier animations and their continuing relevance prompted us to update the datasets in parts of the animation and to remake it in high definition. In certain cases, our experiences in using the earlier work have led us to tweak the presentation of some of the material to make it clearer. Our thanks to Dr. Robert Bindschadler for suggesting and supporting this remake. || ",
            "hits": 61
        },
        {
            "id": 10403,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10403/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2009-03-12T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "FROZEN: A Spherical Movie About the Cryosphere",
            "description": "NASA's home for spherical films on Magic Planet.  Download the Magic Planet-ready movie file here.Released on March 27, 2009, FROZEN is NASA's second major production for the Science On a Sphere platform, a novel cinema-in-the-round technology developed by the Space Agency's sibling NOAA. Viewers see the Earth suspended in darkness as if it were floating in space. Moving across the planet's face, viewers see the undulating wisps of clouds, the ephemeral sweep of fallen snow, the churning crash of shifting ice, and more.FROZEN brings the Earth alive. Turning in space, the sphere becomes a portal onto a virtual planet, complete with churning, swirling depictions of huge natural forces moving below. FROZEN features the global cryosphere, those places on Earth where the temperature doesn't generally rise above water's freezing point. As one of the most directly observable climate gauges, the changing cryosphere serves as a proxy for larger themes.But just as thrilling as this unusual—and unusually realistic—look at the planet's structure and behavior is the sheer fun and fascination of looking at a spherically shaped movie. FROZEN bends the rules of cinema, revealing new ways to tell exciting, valuable stories of all kinds. The movie may be FROZEN, but the experience itself rockets along. || ",
            "hits": 57
        },
        {
            "id": 3579,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3579/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-02-05T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Sea Ice over the Arctic and Antarctic designed for Science On a Sphere (SOS) and WMS",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean, typically averaging a few meters in thickness. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. This animation shows how the seasonal global sea ice has changed from day to day since 2002, when the Aqua satellite was launched. The AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite acquires high resolution measurements of the 89 GHz brightness temperature and sea ice concentration near the poles. This sensor is able to observe the entire polar region every day, even through clouds and snowfall, because it is not very sensitive to atmospheric effects. The false color of the sea ice, derived from the AMSR-E 6.25 km 89 GHz brightness temperature, highlights the fissures or divergence areas in the sea ice cover by warm brightness temperatures (in blue) while cold brightness temperatures, shown in brighter white, represent consolidated sea ice. The sea ice edge identifies areas containing at least 15% ice concentration in the three-day moving average of the AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration data.This sequence shows the daily global sea ice over both the Arctic and Antarctic on a Cartesian grid from June 21, 2002 through December 31, 2008 at a frame rate of four frames per day. On days when data is not available, the prior or following day's data is used. Periods when data was absent for several consecutive days include: 2002/07/29 through 2002/08/08, 2002/09/11 through 2002/09/20, and 2003/10/29 through 2003/11/03. || ",
            "hits": 33
        },
        {
            "id": 3522,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3522/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-11-12T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Recent Glacier Mass Changes in the Gulf of Alaska Region from GRACE Mascon Solutions",
            "description": "Mass changes of the Earth's ice sheets and glacier systems are of considerable importance because of their sensitivity to climate change and their contribution to rising sea level. Recent changes in the cryosphere highlight the importance of methods for directly observing the complex spatial and temporal variation of land ice mass flux. Since its launch in March of 2002, the NASA/DLR Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission has been acquiring ultra-precise inter-satellite K-band range and range-rate (KBRR) measurements enabling a direct mapping of static and time-variable gravity. These data provide new opportunities to observe and understand ice mass changes at unprecedented temporal and spatial resolutions. In order to improve upon the ice mass change observations derived from GRACE, we have employed unique data analysis approaches to obtain lumped harmonic local mass concentration solutions (mascon solutions) from GRACE inter-satellite range-rate measurements. We have computed multi-year time series of surface mass flux for Greenland and Antarctica coastal and interior ice sheet sub-drainage systems as well as the Alaskan glacier systems. These mascon solutions provide important observations of the seasonal and inter-annual evolution of the Earth's land ice. Additionally, these solutions facilitate a detailed comparison to surface elevation change observations from spaceborne and airborne laser altimetry as well as surface melt observations. We present our latest mascon solutions of the Alaska mountain glaciers. We compare these mass flux solutions to ICESat and airborne laser altimeter observations of surface elevation change as well as surface melt observations derived from MODIS data. The combination of GRACE high-resolution mass flux observations together with the surface elevation change and surface melt observations is beginning to reveal a detailed understanding of the Earth's high latitude land ice evolution. || ",
            "hits": 59
        },
        {
            "id": 3563,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3563/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-10-29T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Sea Ice Yearly Minimum with Graph Overlay 1979-2008",
            "description": "The continued significant reduction in the extent of the summer sea ice cover is a dramatic illustration of the pronounced impact increased global temperatures are having on the Arctic regions. There has also been a significant reduction in the relative amount of older, thicker ice. Satellite-based passive microwave images of the sea ice cover have provided a reliable tool for continuously monitoring changes in the extent of the Arctic ice cover since 1979. The ice parameters derived from satellite ice concentration data that are most relevant to climate change studies are sea ice extent and ice area. This visualization shows ice extent in the background and ice area in the foreground. Ice extent is defined here as the integrated sum of the areas of data elements (pixels) with at least 15% ice concentration while ice area is the integrated sum of the products of the area of each pixel and the corresponding ice concentration. Ice extent provides information about how far south (or north) the ice extends in winter and how far north (or south) it retreats toward the continent in the summer while the ice area provides the total area actually covered by sea ice which is useful for estimating the total volume and therefore mass, given the average ice thickness. For more information about these ice datasets, see The Journal of Geophysical Research VOL. 113, C02S07, doi:10.1029/2007JC004257, 2008 || ",
            "hits": 33
        },
        {
            "id": 3534,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3534/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-08-13T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Global Glacier Locations designed for Science On a Sphere (SOS) and WMS",
            "description": "This animation shows the locations of glaciers worldwide as semi-transparent markers that shrink over a time. Location data for the glaciers was collected from a wide variety of databases including the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) Glacier Database, the World Glacier Inventory, the West Greenland Glacier Inventory, the Antarctic Names Database, the Atlas of Canada and the Antarctic Digital database. In total, over 174,000 glaciers were identified. This set of glaciers was thinned spatially to retain only glaciers that were at least 1/4 degree away from other glacier locations in order to remove points that appeared coincident given the size of the location markers and the resolution of the images generated. Here, markers represent random locations where glaciers are found. Markers are stretched as required in latitude so that all markers appear circular when projected on the sphere. The markers begin as large and semi-transparent buttons, and change color, size and opacity over a period of 12 frames. || ",
            "hits": 59
        },
        {
            "id": 3564,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3564/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-01-06T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Sea Ice over the Arctic and Antarctic designed for Science On a Sphere (SOS) and WMS",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean, typically averaging a few meters in thickness. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. This animation shows how the seasonal global sea ice has changed from day to day in both the northern and southern hemisphere since 2002, when the Aqua satellite was launched.This series shows the daily global sea ice over both the Arctic and Antarctic from June 21, 2002 through September 22, 2008. Global data from the AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite is shown on a Cartesian grid. The sea ice extent is derived from the daily AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration where the ice concentration is above 15%. || ",
            "hits": 29
        },
        {
            "id": 3482,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3482/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-07-27T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica Flyover of McMurdo Station and Dry Valleys",
            "description": "The Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica (LIMA) is a data product funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and jointly produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The LIMA data shown here uses the pan-chromatic band and has a resolution of 15 meters per pixel. The 13 swaths used to generate this sample mosaic where acquired between December 25, 1999 and December 31, 2001. The elevation data shown is courtesy of the Radarsat Antarctic Mapping Project (RAMP) Digital Elevation Model (DEM). It has no vertical exaggeration (1x).A narrated version of this visualization can be found at #10416: Guided Tour of LIMA Flyover. || ",
            "hits": 178
        },
        {
            "id": 3395,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3395/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-01-05T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Jakobshavn Glacier Calving Front Recession from 1850 to 2006",
            "description": "Jakobshavn Isbrae is located on the west coast of Greenland at Latitude 69 N. The ice front, where the glacier calves into the sea, receded more than 40 km between 1850 and 2006.  Between 1850 and 1964 the ice front retreated at a steady rate of about 0.3 km/yr, after which it occupied approximately the same location until 2001, when the ice front began to recede again, but far more rapidly at about 3 km/yr.  After 2004, the glacier began retreating up its two main tributaries: one to the north, and a more rapid one to the southeast. These changes are important for many reasons. As more ice moves from glaciers on land into the ocean, it causes a rise in sea level. Jakobshavn Isbrae is Greenland's largest outlet glacier, draining 6.5 percent of Greenland's ice sheet area. The ice stream's speed-up and near-doubling of the ice flow from land into the ocean has increased the rate of sea level rise by about .06 millimeters (about .002 inches) per year, or roughly 4 percent of the 20th century rate of sea level increase. || ",
            "hits": 64
        },
        {
            "id": 3630,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3630/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-01-05T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Jakobshavn Glacier Calving Front Recession from 1851 to 2009",
            "description": "Jakobshavn Isbrae is located on the west coast of Greenland at Latitude 69 N. The ice front, where the glacier calves into the sea, receded more than 40 km between 1850 and 2006. Between 1850 and 1964 the ice front retreated at a steady rate of about 0.3 km/yr, after which it occupied approximately the same location until 2001, when the ice front began to recede again, but far more rapidly at about 3 km/yr. As more ice moves from glaciers on land into the ocean, it causes a rise in sea level. Jakobshavn Isbrae is Greenland's largest outlet glacier, draining 6.5 percent of Greenland's ice sheet area. The ice stream's speed-up and near-doubling of the ice flow from land into the ocean has increased the rate of sea level rise by about .06 millimeters (about .002 inches) per year, or roughly 4 percent of the 20th century rate of sea level increase. || ",
            "hits": 75
        },
        {
            "id": 3374,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3374/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2006-09-30T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Jakobshavn Glacier Flow in the year 2000 and Calving Front Retreat from 2001 to 2006",
            "description": "Since measurements of Jakobshavn Isbrae were first taken in 1850, the glacier has gradually receded, finally coming to rest at a certain point for the past 5 decades. However, from 1997 to 2006, the glacier has begun to recede again, this time almost doubling in speed. The finding is important for many reasons. As more ice moves from glaciers on land into the ocean, it raises sea levels. Jakobshavn Isbrae is Greenland's largest outlet glacier, draining 6.5 percent of Greenland's ice sheet area. The ice stream's speed-up and near-doubling of ice flow from land into the ocean has increased the rate of sea level rise by about .06 millimeters (about .002 inches) per year, or roughly 4 percent of the 20th century rate of sea level increase. This animation shows the glacier's flow in 2000, along with changes in the glacier's calving front between 2001 and 2006. || ",
            "hits": 25
        },
        {
            "id": 3355,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3355/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2006-05-20T23:55:00-04:00",
            "title": "A Short Tour of the Cryosphere",
            "description": "A newer version of this animation is available here.This narrated, 5-minute animation shows a wealth of data collected from satellite observations of the cryosphere and the impact that recent cryospheric changes are making on our planet. This is a shorter version of a narrated, 7 1/2 minute animation entitled  'A Tour of the Cryosphere'.See the above link for a detailed description of the full animation.Two sections have been removed from the original animation: one showing a flyby of the South Pole station and glaciers feeding the Ross Ice Shelf and one showing solar data related to the Earth's energy balance.For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website. || ",
            "hits": 17
        },
        {
            "id": 3181,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3181/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-12-04T23:55:00-05:00",
            "title": "A Tour of the Cryosphere",
            "description": "A new HD version of this animation is available here.Click here to go to the media download section.The cryosphere consists of those parts of the Earth's surface where water is found in solid form, including areas of snow, sea ice, glaciers, permafrost, ice sheets, and icebergs. In these regions, surface temperatures remain below freezing for a portion of each year. Since ice and snow exist relatively close to their melting point, they frequently change from solid to liquid and back again due to fluctuations in surface temperature. Although direct measurements of the cryosphere can be difficult to obtain due to the remote locations of many of these areas, using satellite observations scientists monitor changes in the global and regional climate by observing how regions of the Earth's cryosphere shrink and expand.This animation portrays fluctuations in the cryosphere through observations collected from a variety of satellite-based sensors. The animation begins in Antarctica, showing ice thickness ranging from 2.7 to 4.8 kilometers thick along with swaths of polar stratospheric clouds. In a tour of this frozen continent, the animation shows some unique features of the Antarctic landscape found nowhere else on earth. Ice shelves, ice streams, glaciers, and the formation of massive icebergs can be seen. A time series shows the movement of iceberg B15A, an iceberg 295 kilometers in length which broke off of the Ross Ice Shelf in 2000. Moving farther along the coastline, a time series of the Larsen ice shelf shows the collapse of over 3,200 square kilometers ice since January 2002. As we depart from the Antarctic, we see the seasonal change of sea ice and how it nearly doubles the size of the continent during the winter.From Antarctica, the animation travels over South America showing areas of permafrost over this mostly tropical continent. We then move further north to observe daily changes in snow cover over the North American continent. The clouds show winter storms moving across the United States and Canada, leaving trails of snow cover behind. In a close-up view of the western US, we compare the difference in land cover between two years: 2003 when the region received a normal amount of snow and 2002 when little snow was accumulated. The difference in the surrounding vegetation due to the lack of spring melt water from the mountain snow pack is evident.As the animation moves from the western US to the Arctic region, the areas effected by permafrost are visible. In December, we see how the incoming solar radiation primarily heats the Southern Hemisphere. As time marches forward from December to June, the daily snow and sea ice recede as the incoming solar radiation moves northward to warm the Northern Hemisphere.Using satellite swaths that wrap the globe, the animation shows three types of instantaneous measurements of solar radiation observed on June 20, 2003: shortwave (reflected) radiation, longwave (thermal) radiation and net flux (showing areas of heating and cooling). Correlation between reflected radiation and clouds are evident. When the animation fades to show the monthly global average net flux, we see that the polar regions serve to cool the global climate by radiating solar energy back into space throughout the year.The animation shows a one-year cycle of the monthly average Arctic sea ice concentration followed by the mean September minimum sea ice for each year from 1979 through 2004. A red outline indicates the mean sea ice extent for September over 22 years, from 1979 to 2002. The minimum Arctic sea ice animation clearly shows how over the last 5 years the quantity of polar ice has decreased by 10 - 14% from the 22 year average.While moving from the Arctic to Greenland, the animation shows the constant motion of the Arctic polar ice using daily measures of sea ice activity. Sea ice flows from the Arctic into Baffin Bay as the seasonal ice expands southward. As we draw close to the Greenland coast, the animation shows the recent changes in the Jakobshavn glacier. Although Jakobshavn receded only slightly from 1042 to 2001, the animation shows significant recession over the past three years, from 2002 through 2004.This animation shows a wealth of data collected from satellite observations of the cryosphere and the impact that recent cryospheric changes are making on our planet.For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website. || ",
            "hits": 120
        },
        {
            "id": 3072,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3072/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-12-13T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Jakobshavn Glacier, Greenland flow field",
            "description": "This visualization shows flow directions and relative speeds of the Jakobshavn glacier in Greenland. The red flow lines are from 1992 data; the blue flow lines are 2000 data. Notice that the flow speed of the glacier has increased significantly from 1992 to 2000.This visualization was created to support a talk at the Fall 2004 AGU meeting. || ",
            "hits": 11
        },
        {
            "id": 3053,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3053/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-12-01T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Jakobshavn Glacier Calving Front Recession (2001-2003)",
            "description": "Jakobshavn Isbrae holds the record as Greenland's fastest moving glacier and major contributor to the mass balance of the continental ice sheet. Starting in late 2000, following a period of slowing down in the mid 1990s, the glacier showed significant acceleration and nearly doubled its discharge of ice. The following imagery from the Landsat satellite shows the retreat of Jakobshavn's calving front from 2001 to 2003. || ",
            "hits": 34
        },
        {
            "id": 3055,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3055/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-12-01T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "History of Jakobshavn Glacier Recession",
            "description": "Since measurements of Jakobshavn Isbrae were first taken in 1850, the glacier has gradually receded, finally coming to rest at a certain point for the past 5 decades. However, from 1997 to 2003, the glacier has begun to recede again, this time almost doubling in speed. The finding is important for many reasons. For starters, as more ice moves from glaciers on land into the ocean, it raises sea levels. Jakobshavn Isbrae is Greenland's largest outlet glacier, draining 6.5 percent of Greenland's ice sheet area. The ice stream's speed-up and near-doubling of ice flow from land into the ocean has increased the rate of sea level rise by about .06 millimeters (about .002 inches) per year, or roughly 4 percent of the 20th century rate of sea level increase. || ",
            "hits": 35
        },
        {
            "id": 2981,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2981/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-09-25T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Global Daily Snow and Sea Ice Surface Temperature",
            "description": "This animation shows the global advance and retreat of daily snow cover along with daily sea ice surface temperature over the Northern Hemisphere from September 2002 through May 2003. The snow cover was measured by the MODIS instrument on the Terra satellite, while the sea ice surface temperature was measured by the MODIS instrument on the Aqua satellite. Since these instruments cannot take measurements through clouds, in cloud-covered regions or areas with suspect data quality, the prior day's value is retained until a valid data reading is obtained. This visualization designates an area as covered by snow when the instrument takes a valid measurement showing greater than ~50% snow coverage in that area. This area is assumed to be snow covered until the instrument takes a valid measurement showing less than 40% snow coverage in that same area. A color bar indicates the sea ice surface temperature values. The satellite instruments are unable to collect data through darkness. The region in polar darkness is shown as a gray cap over the pole that grows and shrinks seasonally. A date slider indicates the progression of time. SeaWiFS Land Reflectance shows the seasonal changes in land cover. || ",
            "hits": 10
        },
        {
            "id": 2982,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2982/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-09-25T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Daily Snow and Sea Ice Temperature over the North Pole",
            "description": "This animation shows the global advance and retreat of daily snow cover along with daily sea ice surface temperature over the Northern Hemisphere from September 2002 through May 2003. The snow cover was measured by the MODIS instrument on the Terra satellite, while the sea ice surface temperature was measured by the MODIS instrument on the Aqua satellite. Since these instruments cannot take measurements through clouds, in cloud-covered regions or areas with suspect data quality, the prior day's value is retained until a valid data reading is obtained. This visualization designates an area as covered by snow when the instrument takes a valid measurement showing greater than ~50% snow coverage in that area. This area is assumed to be snow covered until the instrument takes a valid measurement showing less than 40% snow coverage in that same area. A color bar indicates the sea ice surface temperature values. The satellite instruments are unable to collect data through darkness. The region in polar darkness is shown as a gray cap over the pole that grows and shrinks seasonally. A date slider indicates the progression of time. SeaWiFS Land Reflectance shows the seasonal changes in land cover. || ",
            "hits": 56
        },
        {
            "id": 2969,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2969/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-08-03T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Glaciers Spur Alaskan Earthquakes",
            "description": "In a new study, NASA and United States Geological Survey (USGS) scientists found that retreating glaciers in southern Alaska may be opening the way for future earthquakes. The study examined the likelihood of increased earthquake activity in southern Alaska as a result of rapidly melting glaciers. As glaciers melt they lighten the load on the Earth's crust. Tectonic plates, that are mobile pieces of the Earth's crust, can then move more freely, which increases the probability of earthquakes occurring in this region. || ",
            "hits": 65
        },
        {
            "id": 2968,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2968/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-08-02T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Retreating Glaciers Spur Alaskan Earthquakes",
            "description": "The study examined the likelihood of increased earthquake activity in southern Alaska as a result of rapidly melting glaciers. As glaciers melt they lighten the load on the Earth's crust. Tectonic plates, that are mobile pieces of the Earth's crust, can then move more freely. || ",
            "hits": 100
        },
        {
            "id": 2838,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2838/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2003-10-23T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Iceberg B-15A: Sample Composite",
            "description": "A 100 mile long iceberg, named B-15A, cracked in two between October 7th and 9th, 2003. B-15A broke off Antarctica's Ross Ice Shelf in 2000. Since its calving in 2000, it has made delivery of fuel and supplies to McMurdo Station difficult. || ",
            "hits": 16
        },
        {
            "id": 2839,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2839/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2003-10-23T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Iceberg B-15A: RADARSAT",
            "description": "Match-frame rendered RADARSAT approach to the B-15A iceberg area. Useful as a frame-of-reference for the location of the B-15A iceberg. Match-framed to animations 2838, 2840, and 2841 for post-production. || ",
            "hits": 16
        },
        {
            "id": 2840,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2840/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2003-10-23T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Iceberg B-15A: October 7, 2003",
            "description": "The 100 mile long B-15A iceberg begins to crack. This animation is match-frame rendered to animations 2838, 2839, and 2841 for post-production. || ",
            "hits": 17
        },
        {
            "id": 2841,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2841/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2003-10-23T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Iceberg B-15A: October 9, 2003",
            "description": "Iceberg B-15A fully splits in two. This animation is match-frame rendered to animations 2838, 2839, and 2840 for post-production. || ",
            "hits": 16
        },
        {
            "id": 2100,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2100/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2001-04-09T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Light Iceland Glacier Recession 1973 to 2000",
            "description": "This animation shows glacier recesion at the Breidamerkurjokull glacier in Iceland. The data from 1973 is taken from Landsat 1 and the 2000 data is from Landsat 7. The Breidamerkurjokull glacier in Iceland has been measured by Landsat to be receding since 1973. The glacierologists in Iceland and here at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center have measured the recession throughout the entire glacier and found different rates of recession in different areas. In general, the glacier seems to be receding at about 2% annually.It is extremely controversial whether or not this recession is caused by global warming. || ",
            "hits": 8
        },
        {
            "id": 2101,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2101/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2001-04-09T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Iceland Glacier Recession 1973 to 2000, Glacier Terminus Contrast Emphasized",
            "description": "This animation shows glacier recesion at the Breidamerkurjokull glacier in Iceland. The data from 1973 is taken from Landsat 1 and the 2000 data is from Landsat 7. The Breidamerkurjokull glacier in Iceland has been measured by Landsat to be receding since 1973. The glacierologists in Iceland and here at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center have measured the recession throughout the entire glacier and found different rates of recession in different areas. In general, the glacier seems to be receding at about 2% annually.It is extremely controversial whether or not this recession is caused by global warming. || ",
            "hits": 74
        },
        {
            "id": 2102,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2102/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2001-04-09T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Iceland Glacier Recession 1997 to 2000",
            "description": "This animation is a close up zoom into largest area of glacier recesion at the Breidamerkurjokull glacier in Iceland. The data from 1997 is taken from Landsat 5 and the 2000 data is from Landsat 7. The Breidamerkurjokull glacier in Iceland has been measured by Landsat to be receding since 1973. In 1997, Landsat 5 took several other images of the glacier. It was thought by some glacierologists that this particular glacier was receding quicker in the late 1990s than it did in the late 1980s or 1970s. After careful analysis Goddard's Glacierologist, Dorothy Hall, concluded that the recession from 1997 to 2000 occurs at a similar rate to the recession between 1973 and 2000. It is extremely controversial whether or not this recession is caused by global warming. || ",
            "hits": 4
        },
        {
            "id": 1253,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/1253/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2000-06-25T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Greenland: Top-down View of Island Tour with Airplane Tracks",
            "description": "Top-down view of Greenland Island tour.This animation shows the ice concentration in Greenland. The ice has decreased significantly (~50 cm/year) along the coast and increased slightly in the center (+2 cm/year). Researchers view this as yet another serious warning sign of the threat of global warming. || ",
            "hits": 25
        },
        {
            "id": 1254,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/1254/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2000-06-25T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Greenland full west coast",
            "description": "This animation shows the ice concentration in Greenland. The ice has decreased significantly (~50 cm/year) along the coast and increased slightly in the center (+2 cm/year). Researchers view this as yet another serious warning sign of the threat of global warming. || ",
            "hits": 9
        }
    ]
}