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        {
            "id": 4885,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4885/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2021-08-24T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Antarctic Ocean Flows: an excerpt from Atlas of a Changing Earth (Dome Master format)",
            "description": "This visualization shows how the ocean circulation in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica flows around and under the floating ice shelves and glaciers. The ocean flows are colored by temperature with blue indicating colder and red showing warmer currents.  This version is in Dome Master format. || Antarctic_flows_v209.1700_print.jpg (1024x1024) [133.8 KB] || Antarctic_flows_v209.1700_searchweb.png (180x320) [56.2 KB] || Antarctic_flows_v209.1700_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || Antarctic_flows_v209_2048p30.mp4 (2048x2048) [153.2 MB] || Antarctic_flows_v209_4096p30_h265_3.webm (4096x4096) [47.5 MB] || 4096x4096_1x1_30p (4096x4096) [0 Item(s)] || Antarctic_flows_v209_4096p30_h265_3.mp4 (4096x4096) [186.8 MB] || ",
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        {
            "id": 4888,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4888/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2021-08-24T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Antarctic Ocean Flows: an excerpt from Atlas of a Changing Earth (4k format)",
            "description": "This visualization shows how the ocean circulation in the  Amundsen Sea, Antarctica flows around and under the floating ice shelves and glaciers.  The ocean flows are colored by temperature with blue indicating colder and red showing warmer currents.  This version includes a title, credits, narration and music.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || Antarctic_flows_2021_flat_HD_Audio.00310_print.jpg (1024x576) [81.9 KB] || Antarctic_flows_2021_flat_HD_Audio.webm (1920x1080) [16.4 MB] || Antarctic_flows_2021_flat_HD_Audio.mp4 (1920x1080) [286.8 MB] || Antarctic_flows_2021_flat_4k_Audio.en_US.srt [1.3 KB] || Antarctic_flows_2021_flat_4k_Audio.en_US.vtt [1.3 KB] || Antarctic_flows_2021_flat_4k_Audio.mp4 (3840x2160) [1.1 GB] || Antarctic_flows_2021_flat_HD_Audio.mp4.hwshow [200 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 67
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        {
            "id": 4871,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4871/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2020-11-05T15:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Ocean Flows under the Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica",
            "description": "This visualization shows the ocean currents circulating  around the Pine Island Bay  and flowing under the Pine Island Glacier. || Antarctic_flows_2020_v137_sea_lvl_rise_p30.2600_print.jpg (1024x576) [85.7 KB] || Antarctic_flows_2020_v137_sea_lvl_rise_p30.2600_searchweb.png (320x180) [84.7 KB] || Antarctic_flows_2020_v137_sea_lvl_rise_p30.2600_thm.png (80x40) [5.5 KB] || SeaLevelRise_PineIsland_ECCO_flows_fast.mp4 (1920x1080) [47.1 MB] || SeaLevelRise_PineIsland_ECCO_flows_fast.webm (1920x1080) [6.3 MB] || Antarctic_flows_2020_v137_sea_lvl_rise_1080p60.mp4 (1920x1080) [66.2 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_60p (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || SeaLevelRise_PineIsland_ECCO_flows_PRORES.mov (1920x1080) [1.4 GB] || SeaLevelRise_PineIsland_ECCO_flows_fast.mp4.hwshow [503 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 73
        },
        {
            "id": 4688,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4688/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2019-03-25T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Jakobshavn's Interrupted Thinning Explained",
            "description": "This visualization shows a variety of data from the oceans and ice to help explain why the Jakobshavn glacier grew thicker and advanced between 2016 and 2017.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || Jakob_comp_final.3462_print.jpg (1024x576) [311.2 KB] || Jakob_comp_final_1080p30.webmhd.webm (1080x606) [30.5 MB] || Jakobshavn_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [15.9 MB] || final_composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Jakobshavn_720p30.mp4 (1280x720) [110.0 MB] || Jakobshavn_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [201.3 MB] || Jakobshavn_youtube_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [241.5 MB] || captions_silent.26988.en_US.srt [43 bytes] || captions_silent.26988.en_US.vtt [56 bytes] || Jakobshavn_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [184 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 57
        },
        {
            "id": 4566,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4566/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2017-07-28T14:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Operation Icebridge Studies Changes in Greenland's Helheim Glacier",
            "description": "Flying down the Helheim Glacier in Greenland as ATM altimetry date is shown - first with data from 1998 then data from 2013 is added || dms20.3800_print.jpg (1024x576) [143.9 KB] || dms20.3800_searchweb.png (180x320) [55.0 KB] || dms20.3800_thm.png (80x40) [3.6 KB] || atm (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || atm.webm (1920x1080) [30.8 MB] || atm.mp4 (1920x1080) [274.8 MB] || atm.m4v (640x360) [42.2 MB] || atm.mp4.hwshow [178 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 50
        },
        {
            "id": 4103,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4103/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-09-19T16:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Measuring beneath the Pine Island Ice Shelf",
            "description": "On the margins of Antarctica, an ice shelve acts as a dam slowing the movement of outlet glaciers flowing toward the sea. However, the ice shelves are exposed to the underlying ocean and may weaken as a result of warm ocean currents. Scientists recently completed an expedition to the ice shelf buffering the Pine Island glacier, a major outlet of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet that has rapidly thinned and accelerated in recent decades. Drilling a shaft through the ice shelf, they submerged instruments beneath the ice to measure ocean velocity, temperature, and salinity. Their observations revealed a 600-m-wide 80-m-deep channel cut into the underside of the ice-shelf that incurs melting beneath the ice shelf of 0.06 m per day. See the paper here for details.This animation shows the ocean currents colored by their velocity circulating around and under the Pine Island ice shelf. Orange and yellow indicate faster currents while green and blue depict slower. A small red marker indicates the location of the drill site. In this animation, the Pine Island ice shelf is temporarily sliced away to reveal the ocean flows under the ice and subsequently restored up to the location of the drill site. A shaft penetrates through the ice sheet and the instrument is lowered through the shaft into the water that flows beneath the ice shelf. In this animation, the topography and ice shelf thickness is exaggerated by 15 times. || ",
            "hits": 45
        },
        {
            "id": 4060,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4060/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-06-04T10:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Antarctic Bedrock",
            "description": "<!——><!—Above: Move bar to compare the bedrock topography (left) to the ice sheet surface (right).Download HTML to embed this in your web page.The topography of the bedrock under the Antarctic Ice Sheet is critical to understanding the dynamic motion of the ice sheet, its thickness and its influence on the surrounding ocean and global climate. In 2001, the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) released a map of the bed under the Antarctic Ice Sheet and the seabed extending out on to the continental shelf derived from data collected by an international consortium of scientists over the prior fifty years. The resulting dataset was called BEDMAP (or BEDMAP1).In 2013, BAS released an update of the topographic dataset called BEDMAP2 that incorporates twenty-five million measurements taken over the past two decades from the ground, air and space. This visualization compares the new BEDMAP2 dataset to the original BEDMAP1 dataset showing the improvements in resolution and coverage. <!——><!—Above: Move bar to compare the Bedmap1 topography (left) to the Bedmap2 topography (right). Download HTML to embed this in your web page.Since 2009, NASA's mission Operation IceBridge (OIB) has flown aircraft over the Antarctic Ice Sheet carrying laser and ice-penetrating radar instruments to collect data about the surface height, bedrock topography and ice thickness. This visualization highlights the contribution that OIB has made to this important dataset.The topography in this visualization is exaggerated to emphasize the topographic relief. The amount of exaggeration varies based on the viewpoint, from twenty times in distant views down to nine times when near the Pine Island Bay. || ",
            "hits": 295
        },
        {
            "id": 3889,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3889/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-11-28T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Pine Island Glacier Ice Flows and Elevation Change",
            "description": "This animation shows glacier changes detected by ATM, ICESat and ice bridge data in the highly dynamic Pine Island Glacier. We know that ice speeds in this area have increased dramatically from the late 1990s to the present as the ice shelves in this area have thinned and the bottom of the ice has lost contact with the bed beneath. As the ice has accelerated, ice upstream of the coast must be stretched more vigorously, causing it to thin. NASA-sponsored aircraft missions first measured the ice surface height in this region in 2002, followed by ICESat data between 2002 and 2009. Ice Bridge aircraft have measured further surface heights in 2009 and 2010, and these measurements continue today. Integrating these altimetry sources allows us to estimate surface height changes throughout the drainage regions of the most important glaciers in the region. We see large and accelerating elevation changes extending inland from the coast on Pine Island glacier shown centered here. The changes on Pine Island mark these as potential continuing sources of ice to the sea, and has been surveyed in 2011 by Ice Bridge aircraft and targeted for repeat measurements in coming years. || ",
            "hits": 39
        },
        {
            "id": 3875,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3875/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-11-02T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "West Antarctic Glacier Ice Flows and Elevation Change",
            "description": "This animation shows glacier changes detected by ATM, ICESat and ice bridge data in the highly dynamic Amundsen Embayment of West Antarctica. We know that ice speeds in this area have increased dramatically from the late 1990s to the present as the ice shelves in this area have thinned and the bottom of the ice has lost contact with the bed beneath. As the ice has accelerated, ice upstream of the coast must be stretched more vigorously, causing it to thin. NASA-sponsored aircraft missions first measured the ice surface height in this region in 2002, followed by ICESat data between 2002 and 2009. Ice Bridge aircraft have measured further surface heights in 2009 and 2010, and these measurements continue today. Integrating these altimetry sources allows us to estimate surface height changes throughout the drainage regions of the most important glaciers in the region. We see large elevation changes at the coast on Thwaites glacier, at the center of the images, and large and accelerating elevation changes extending inland from the coast on Pine Island and Smith glaciers, to the left and right of the images, respectively. The changes on Pine Island and Smith glaciers mark these as potential continuing sources of ice to the sea, and they have been surveyed in 2011 by Ice Bridge aircraft and targeted for repeat measurements in coming years. || ",
            "hits": 49
        },
        {
            "id": 3825,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3825/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-03-28T22:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge 2011 Arctic Flight Paths and Change in Elevation Data over Greenland",
            "description": "With the aircraft resources of NASA's Airborne Sciences Program, Operation IceBridge is taking to the sky to ensure a sustained, critical watch over Earth's polar regions. Flight lines (black) are shown for the 2011 campaign over Arctic sea ice and Greenland's land ice. Many flights target outlet glaciers along the coast where NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) shows significant thinning. Blue and purple colors, respectively, indicate moderate to large thinning. Gray and yellow, respectively, indicate slight to moderate thickening. Since its launch in January 2003, the ICESat elevation satellite has been measuring the change in thickness of ice sheets. This image of Greenland shows the changes in elevation over the Greenland ice sheet between 2003 and 2006. || ",
            "hits": 16
        },
        {
            "id": 3823,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3823/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-03-21T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge 2010 Arctic Flight Paths and Change in Elevation Data over Greenland",
            "description": "With the aircraft resources of NASA's Airborne Sciences Program, Operation IceBridge is taking to the sky to ensure a sustained, critical watch over Earth's polar regions. Flight lines (black) are shown for the 2010 campaign over Arctic sea ice and Greenland's land ice. Many flights target outlet glaciers along the coast where NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) shows significant thinning. Blue and purple colors, respectively, indicate moderate to large thinning. Gray and yellow, respectively, indicate slight to moderate thickening. Since its launch in January 2003, the ICESat elevation satellite has been measuring the change in thickness of ice sheets. This image of Greenland shows the changes in elevation over the Greenland ice sheet between 2003 and 2006. || ",
            "hits": 9
        },
        {
            "id": 3619,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3619/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-09-01T18:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "A Tour of the Cryosphere 2009",
            "description": "The cryosphere consists of those parts of the Earth's surface where water is found in solid form, including areas of snow, sea ice, glaciers, permafrost, ice sheets, and icebergs. In these regions, surface temperatures remain below freezing for a portion of each year. Since ice and snow exist relatively close to their melting point, they frequently change from solid to liquid and back again due to fluctuations in surface temperature. Although direct measurements of the cryosphere can be difficult to obtain due to the remote locations of many of these areas, using satellite observations scientists monitor changes in the global and regional climate by observing how regions of the Earth's cryosphere shrink and expand.This animation portrays fluctuations in the cryosphere through observations collected from a variety of satellite-based sensors. The animation begins in Antarctica, showing some unique features of the Antarctic landscape found nowhere else on earth. Ice shelves, ice streams, glaciers, and the formation of massive icebergs can be seen clearly in the flyover of the Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica. A time series shows the movement of iceberg B15A, an iceberg 295 kilometers in length which broke off of the Ross Ice Shelf in 2000. Moving farther along the coastline, a time series of the Larsen ice shelf shows the collapse of over 3,200 square kilometers ice since January 2002. As we depart from the Antarctic, we see the seasonal change of sea ice and how it nearly doubles the apparent area of the continent during the winter.From Antarctica, the animation travels over South America showing glacier locations on this mostly tropical continent. We then move further north to observe daily changes in snow cover over the North American continent. The clouds show winter storms moving across the United States and Canada, leaving trails of snow cover behind. In a close-up view of the western US, we compare the difference in land cover between two years: 2003 when the region received a normal amount of snow and 2002 when little snow was accumulated. The difference in the surrounding vegetation due to the lack of spring melt water from the mountain snow pack is evident.As the animation moves from the western US to the Arctic region, the areas affected by permafrost are visible. As time marches forward from March to September, the daily snow and sea ice recede and reveal the vast areas of permafrost surrounding the Arctic Ocean.The animation shows a one-year cycle of Arctic sea ice followed by the mean September minimum sea ice for each year from 1979 through 2008. The superimposed graph of the area of Arctic sea ice at this minimum clearly shows the dramatic decrease in Artic sea ice over the last few years.While moving from the Arctic to Greenland, the animation shows the constant motion of the Arctic polar ice using daily measures of sea ice activity. Sea ice flows from the Arctic into Baffin Bay as the seasonal ice expands southward. As we draw close to the Greenland coast, the animation shows the recent changes in the Jakobshavn glacier. Although Jakobshavn receded only slightly from 1964 to 2001, the animation shows significant recession from 2001 through 2009. As the animation pulls out from Jakobshavn, the effect of the increased flow rate of Greenland costal glaciers is shown by the thinning ice shelf regions near the Greenland coast.This animation shows a wealth of data collected from satellite observations of the cryosphere and the impact that recent cryospheric changes are making on our planet.For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website.Note: This animation is an update of the animation 'A Short Tour of the Cryosphere', which is itself an abridged version of the animation 'A Tour of the Cryosphere'. The popularity of the earlier animations and their continuing relevance prompted us to update the datasets in parts of the animation and to remake it in high definition. In certain cases, our experiences in using the earlier work have led us to tweak the presentation of some of the material to make it clearer. Our thanks to Dr. Robert Bindschadler for suggesting and supporting this remake. || ",
            "hits": 35
        },
        {
            "id": 3455,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3455/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-09-17T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Nadir View of Change in Elevation over Greenland with  a Blue/Yellow Color Scale",
            "description": "Changes in the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are critical in quantifying forecasts for sea level rise. Since its launch in January 2003, the ICESat elevation satellite has been measuring the change in thickness of these ice sheets. This image of Greenland shows the changes in elevation over the Greenland ice sheet between 2003 and 2006. Gray areas indicate no change in elevation. The white regions indicate a slight thickening, while the blue and purple shades indicate a thinning of the ice sheet. || ",
            "hits": 17
        },
        {
            "id": 3403,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3403/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-02-19T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Antarctic Plumbing: Lake Englehardt's Subglacial Hydraulic System",
            "description": "ICESat satellite laser altimeter elevation profiles from 2003-2006 collected over West Antarctica reveal numerous regions of temporally varying elevation. MODIS satellite imagery over roughly the same time period collaborates where these subglacial fluctuations have occurred. These observations have led scientists to conclude that subglacial water movement is happening in this lake region, revealing a widespread, dynamic subglacial water system that could provide important insights into ice flow and the mass balance of Antarctica's ice. || ",
            "hits": 64
        }
    ]
}