{ "count": 15, "next": null, "previous": null, "results": [ { "id": 4087, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4087/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2013-07-10T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "IBEX Heliotail Observations", "description": "The IBEX (Interstellar Boundary EXplorer) continues to collect data on the flux of neutral atoms from the boundary of the solar wind with the interstellar medium.Starting with the IBEX satellite in orbit around the Earth, we zoom out to beyond the orbit of Neptune, illustrating the direction of the Sun relative to the local stars (red arrow) and relative to the local interstellar medium (violet arrow). These directions are different because the local interstellar medium (mostly gas and dust) move relative to the local stars.The boundaries of the termination shock (red ellipsoidal surface) and heliopause (green) created by the interaction of the solar wind with the interstellar medium is displayed. The camera rotates to a view 'nose on' with the heliopause, and a sphere is faded in representing the region where the neutral atoms detected by IBEX originate. The sphere around the Sun is 'unwrapped' to reproject the IBEX data into an approximately Aitoff projection. || ", "hits": 87 }, { "id": 10905, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10905/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2012-01-31T13:00:00-05:00", "title": "Interstellar Neutral Atoms", "description": "Animation of the interstellar interaction with our Sun-one of billions of stars that orbits around the galaxy. As we zoom in through the galaxy we can see our heliosphere; then if we travel along with the interstellar material, we can see how only a very rare few are directed along precisely the right path to make the 30 year, 15 billion mile journey and enter IBEX's low energy sensor and be detected.For press release media associated with this animation, go: here. || ", "hits": 89 }, { "id": 10722, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10722/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2011-02-07T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "IBEX Spacecraft Finds Discoveries Close to Home", "description": "IBEX found that Energetic Neutral Atoms, or ENAs, are coming from a region just outside Earth's magnetopause where nearly stationary protons from the solar wind interact with the tenuous cloud of hydrogen atoms in Earth's exosphere. || ", "hits": 62 }, { "id": 3769, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3769/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-09-30T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "IBEX Skymaps and the Bright Stars", "description": "In this image set, the brighter stars from the Tycho skymap have been reprojected into positions corresponding to the coordinate system used by the IBEX mission.The colors represent the number of neutral atoms (in the specified band of energies) detected by IBEX in each block of sky. Each block in the map is roughly a square about 6 degrees by 6 degrees (or the width of 12 full Moons, on a side). For the energy band displayed of 2.73 keV, violet corresponds to undetectable emission, while red corresponds to the detection of about 50 atoms per second per square centimeter in the angular segment of the sky. There is a 'hole' in the data (black) created when the IBEX scan cuts through the Earth's magnetotail.The images in this set have been co-registered for easy compositing. || ", "hits": 38 }, { "id": 3770, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3770/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-09-30T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "IBEX Observes Changes in Heliopause Emission", "description": "The camera view moves from the heliosphere 'nose', the apparent direction of the heliopause relative to the interstellar wind, towards the 'knot'. The 'knot' represents a direction of high emission of neutral atoms which has changed significantly in the six months since the first IBEX map.We fade-in an artistic conception of the 'knot', which untangles during the six months as we fade to the second IBEX map. || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 3635, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3635/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-10-15T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "IBEX First Skymap Release", "description": "The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission science team has used data from NASA's IBEX spacecraft to construct the first-ever all-sky map of the interactions occurring at the edge of the solar system, where the sun's influence diminishes and interacts with the interstellar medium. The interstellar boundary region shields our solar system from most of the dangerous galactic cosmic radiation that would otherwise enter from interstellar space.This visualization illustrates the IBEX satellite in Earth orbit (the orbit reaching almost as far as the orbit of the Moon) and pulls out to beyond the heliopause boundary (the true 3-D nature of the boundary is reduced to a 2-D spherical surface). The sphere with the skymap opens to reproject the data into a near-Aitoff type map projection.The skymap shows the measured flux of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs). || ", "hits": 41 }, { "id": 3595, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3595/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-07-27T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Sentinels of the Heliosphere", "description": "Heliophysics is a term to describe the study of the Sun, its atmosphere or the heliosphere, and the planets within it as a system. As a result, it encompasses the study of planetary atmospheres and their magnetic environment, or magnetospheres. These environments are important in the study of space weather.As a society dependent on technology, both in everyday life, and as part of our economic growth, space weather becomes increasingly important. Changes in space weather, either by solar events or geomagnetic events, can disrupt and even damage power grids and satellite communications. Space weather events can also generate x-rays and gamma-rays, as well as particle radiations, that can jeopardize the lives of astronauts living and working in space.This visualization tours the regions of near-Earth orbit; the Earth's magnetosphere, sometimes called geospace; the region between the Earth and the Sun; and finally out beyond Pluto, where Voyager 1 and 2 are exploring the boundary between the Sun and the rest of our Milky Way galaxy. Along the way, we see these regions patrolled by a fleet of satellites that make up NASA's Heliophysics Observatory Telescopes. Many of these spacecraft do not take images in the conventional sense but record fields, particle energies and fluxes in situ. Many of these missions are operated in conjunction with international partners, such as the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Japanese Space Agency (JAXA).The Earth and distances are to scale. Larger objects are used to represent the satellites and other planets for clarity.Here are the spacecraft featured in this movie:Near-Earth Fleet:Hinode: Observes the Sun in multiple wavelengths up to x-rays. SVS pageRHESSI : Observes the Sun in x-rays and gamma-rays. SVS pageTRACE: Observes the Sun in visible and ultraviolet wavelengths. SVS pageTIMED: Studies the upper layers (40-110 miles up) of the Earth's atmosphere.FAST: Measures particles and fields in regions where aurora form.CINDI: Measures interactions of neutral and charged particles in the ionosphere. AIM: Images and measures noctilucent clouds. SVS pageGeospace Fleet:Geotail: Conducts measurements of electrons and ions in the Earth's magnetotail. Cluster: This is a group of four satellites which fly in formation to measure how particles and fields in the magnetosphere vary in space and time. SVS pageTHEMIS: This is a fleet of five satellites to study how magnetospheric instabilities produce substorms. SVS pageL1 Fleet: The L1 point is a Lagrange Point, a point between the Earth and the Sun where the gravitational pull is approximately equal. Spacecraft can orbit this location for continuous coverage of the Sun.SOHO: Studies the Sun with cameras and a multitude of other instruments. SVS pageACE: Measures the composition and characteristics of the solar wind. Wind: Measures particle flows and fields in the solar wind. Heliospheric FleetSTEREO-A and B: These two satellites observe the Sun, with imagers and particle detectors, off the Earth-Sun line, providing a 3-D view of solar activity. SVS pageHeliopause FleetVoyager 1 and 2: These spacecraft conducted the original 'Planetary Grand Tour' of the solar system in the 1970s and 1980s. They have now travelled further than any human-built spacecraft and are still returning measurements of the interplanetary medium. SVS pageThis enhanced, narrated visualization was shown at the SIGGRAPH 2009 Computer Animation Festival in New Orleans, LA in August 2009; an eariler version created for AGU was called NASA's Heliophysics Observatories Study the Sun and Geospace. || ", "hits": 116 }, { "id": 3570, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3570/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2008-12-15T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "NASA's Heliophysics Observatories Study the Sun and Geospace", "description": "Heliophysics is a term to describe the study of the Sun, its atmosphere or the heliosphere, and the planets within it as a system. As a result, it encompasses the study of planetary atmospheres and their magnetic environment, or magnetospheres. These environments are important in the study of space weather.As a society dependent on technology, both in everyday life, and as part of our economic growth, space weather becomes increasingly important. Changes in space weather, either by solar events or geomagnetic events, can disrupt and even damage power grids and satellite communications. Space weather events can also generate x-rays and gamma-rays, as well as particle radiations, that can jeopardize the lives of astronauts living and working in space.This visualization tours the regions of near-Earth orbit; the Earth's magnetosphere, sometimes called geospace; the region between the Earth and the Sun; and finally out beyond Pluto, where Voyager 1 and 2 are exploring the boundary between the Sun and the rest of our Milky Way galaxy. Along the way, we see these regions patrolled by a fleet of satellites that make up NASA's Heliophysics Observatory Telescopes. Many of these spacecraft do not take images in the conventional sense but record fields, particle energies and fluxes in situ. Many of these missions are operated in conjunction with international partners, such as the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Japanese Space Agency (JAXA).The Earth and distances are to scale. Larger objects are used to represent the satellites and other planets for clarity.Here are the spacecraft featured in this movie:Near-Earth Fleet:Hinode: Observes the Sun in multiple wavelengths up to x-rays. SVS pageRHESSI : Observes the Sun in x-rays and gamma-rays. SVS pageTRACE: Observes the Sun in visible and ultraviolet wavelengths. SVS pageTIMED: Studies the upper layers (40-110 miles up) of the Earth's atmosphere.FAST: Measures particles and fields in regions where aurora form.CINDI: Measures interactions of neutral and charged particles in the ionosphere. AIM: Images and measures noctilucent clouds. SVS pageGeospace Fleet:Geotail: Conducts measurements of electrons and ions in the Earth's magnetotail. Cluster: This is a group of four satellites which fly in formation to measure how particles and fields in the magnetosphere vary in space and time. SVS pageTHEMIS: This is a fleet of five satellites to study how magnetospheric instabilities produce substorms. SVS pageL1 Fleet: The L1 point is a Lagrange Point between the Sun and the Earth. Spacecraft can orbit this location for continuous coverage of the Sun.SOHO: Studies the Sun with cameras and a multitude of other instruments. SVS pageACE: Measures the composition and characteristics of the solar wind. Wind: Measures particle flows and fields in the solar wind. Heliospheric FleetSTEREO-A and B: These two satellites observe the Sun, with imagers and particle detectors, off the Earth-Sun line, providing a 3-D view of solar activity. SVS pageHeliopause FleetVoyager 1 and 2: These spacecraft conducted the original 'Planetary Grand Tour' of the solar system in the 1970s and 1980s. They have now travelled further than any human-built spacecraft and are still returning measurements of the interplanetary medium. SVS pageA refined and narrated version of this visualization, Sentinels of the Heliosphere, is now available. || ", "hits": 81 }, { "id": 3356, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3356/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2006-05-22T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "THEMIS Mission and Substorm Simulation", "description": "This visualization combines simulations of the THEMIS (Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms) mission orbits with a GGCM (Geospace General Circulation Model) simulation. It illustrates how the five THEMIS satellites will work together to detect substorm events in the magnetosphere. One goal of the THEMIS mission is to test how these substorm events are related to the formation of the aurora.This mission consists of five identical spacecraft (usually designated P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5) with orbits aligned so they reach their apogee along the same line from the Earth. This alignment remains fixed in space so as the Earth moves around the Sun, the constellation of spacecraft will extend on the nightside of the Earth in winter to sample the Earth's magnetosphere, and on the dayside of the Earth in summer to sample the incoming solar wind. This way they can better map the geospace environment.Probes P1 and P2 are called the 'outer probes' and P3, 4, and 5 are the 'inner probes'. P3 and P4 share the same orbit. The outer probes will detect the onset of the substorm, while the inner probes will monitor the Earthward plasma flows from the event.For more information on the GGCM model, visit the Community Coordinated Modeling Center and OpenGGCM. || ", "hits": 38 }, { "id": 3115, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3115/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-03-08T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Gaps in the Earth's Radiation Belts", "description": "The Earth's radiation belts (violet & white) change considerably due to a number of influences, ranging from a changing solar wind to the lightning on the Earth. Here we see a range of variation in the electron flux in early December 2003. White indicates higher electron flux than violet. The gray curves represent the lines of the Earth's magnetic field. These radiation belts are constructed on a per-orbit basis with data from SAMPEX. || ", "hits": 50 }, { "id": 90, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/90/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1995-11-07T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "SAMPEX - Yohkoh: Solar Modification of Relativistic Electrons in the Earth's Radiation Belts", "description": "The Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer, SAMPEX, measures fluxes of energetic particles from the sun, the Earth's magnetosphere, and cosmic ray sources over a broad range of energies. The four instruments aboard SAMPEX are the Low-Energy Ion Analyzer (LEICA), The Heavy Ion Large Telescope (HILT), The Mass Spectrometer Telescope (MAST), and the Proton-Electron Telescope (PET). The Soft X-ray Telescope on the Yohkoh satellite takes daily full-disk soft X-ray images of the Sun. Comparing data sets from the two satellites allows correlation of electron fluxes in the Earth's radiation belts with solar output. || ", "hits": 37 }, { "id": 89, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/89/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1995-01-01T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "SAMPEX - A Synoptic View of Earth's Electron Radiation Belts: North Pole Energetic Fluxes from HILT", "description": "The Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer, SAMPEX, measures fluxes of energetic particles from the sun, the Earth's magnetosphere, and cosmic ray sources over a broad range of energies. The four instruments aboard SAMPEX are the Low-Energy Ion Analyzer (LEICA), The Heavy Ion Large Telescope (HILT), The Mass Spectrometer Telescope (MAST), and the Proton-Electron Telescope (PET). || ", "hits": 40 }, { "id": 1385, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/1385/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1995-01-01T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "SAMPEX - A Synoptic View of Earth's Electron Radiation Belts: South Pole Energetic Fluxes from HILT", "description": "The Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer, SAMPEX, measures fluxes of energetic particles from the sun, the Earth's magnetosphere, and cosmic ray sources over a broad range of energies. The four instruments aboard SAMPEX are the Low-Energy Ion Analyzer (LEICA), The Heavy Ion Large Telescope (HILT), The Mass Spectrometer Telescope (MAST), and the Proton-Electron Telescope (PET). || ", "hits": 9 }, { "id": 1386, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/1386/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1995-01-01T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "SAMPEX - A Synoptic View of Earth's Electron Radiation Belts: North Pole Energetic Fluxes from PET", "description": "The Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer, SAMPEX, measures fluxes of energetic particles from the sun, the Earth's magnetosphere, and cosmic ray sources over a broad range of energies. The four instruments aboard SAMPEX are the Low-Energy Ion Analyzer (LEICA), The Heavy Ion Large Telescope (HILT), The Mass Spectrometer Telescope (MAST), and the Proton-Electron Telescope (PET). || ", "hits": 9 }, { "id": 1387, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/1387/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1995-01-01T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "SAMPEX - A Synoptic View of Earth's Electron Radiation Belts: South Pole Energetic Fluxes from PET", "description": "The Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer, SAMPEX, measures fluxes of energetic particles from the sun, the Earth's magnetosphere, and cosmic ray sources over a broad range of energies. The four instruments aboard SAMPEX are the Low-Energy Ion Analyzer (LEICA), The Heavy Ion Large Telescope (HILT), The Mass Spectrometer Telescope (MAST), and the Proton-Electron Telescope (PET). || ", "hits": 12 } ] }