{ "count": 286, "next": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/api/search/?keywords=Ecological+Dynamics&limit=100&offset=100", "previous": null, "results": [ { "id": 14838, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14838/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2025-05-14T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA FireSense (Fort Stewart-Hunter Army Airfield, Georgia)", "description": "On April 14th-20th, 2025, NASA’s FireSense project led a multi-agency prescribed burn research operation at Fort Stewart-Hunter Army Field, Georgia, in partnership with the U.S. Department of War (DoW). The DoW led the prescribed burn activities, while NASA FireSense coordinated field and airborne sampling with academic and agency partners, including the DoW Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) and DoW Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP). The campaign targeted vegetation, fire, and smoke measurements, and aims to enhance understanding of fire behavior and smoke dynamics in order to provide actionable information to practitioners.NASA FireSense Website || ", "hits": 55 }, { "id": 5474, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5474/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2025-01-20T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Science On a Sphere: 4 Years of Biosphere", "description": "Biosphere data processed for display on Science On a Sphere (SOS)", "hits": 62 }, { "id": 5217, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5217/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2024-12-09T10:00:00-05:00", "title": "Northern California Fires in September 2020", "description": "This visualization shows the lightning over California on August 16 and 17, 2020 that caused 38 separate fires to ignite. These eventually combined into the August Complex fire, the first recorded gigafire in California history, which burned until November 12 consuming 1,614 square miles (4,180 square kilometers). As the lightning fades, a series of images shows the smoke emanating from the fires on September 8 of that year. The visible smoke is followed by a series showing the Aerosol Optical Depth (a unitless quantitative metric of how much smoke is present in the atmosphere) as the smoke particles were transported across the Western US and Canada over a 10 day period. || geoxo_fires_v049_2024-02-21_0939.04321_print.jpg (1024x576) [185.9 KB] || geoxo_fires_v049_2024-02-21_0939.04321_searchweb.png (320x180) [78.6 KB] || geoxo_fires_v049_2024-02-21_0939.04321_thm.png (80x40) [5.6 KB] || geoxo_fires_v049_2024-02-21_0939_p30_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [101.5 MB] || geoxo_fires_v049_2024-02-21_0939_1080p60.mp4 (1920x1080) [110.3 MB] || composite (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || composite (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || geoxo_fires_v049_2024-02-21_0939_2160p60.mp4 (3840x2160) [333.3 MB] || geoxo_fires_v049_2024-02-21_0939_p30_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [322.9 MB] || geoxo_fires_v049_2024-02-21_0939_p30_2160p30.mp4.hwshow || ", "hits": 79 }, { "id": 5113, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5113/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2024-03-01T14:00:00-05:00", "title": "Active Fires As Observed by VIIRS, 2024-Present", "description": "This animated visualization uses a moving five-day window of VIIRS measurments of fire radiative power (FRP), to present a view of fire intensities around the globe. || fires_frp_VIIRS.892_print.jpg (1024x512) [71.9 KB] || fires_frp_VIIRS.892_searchweb.png (320x180) [37.8 KB] || fires_frp_VIIRS.892_web.png (320x160) [33.5 KB] || fires_frp_VIIRS.892_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || fires_frp_VIIRS_2048p30.mp4 (4096x2048) [46.5 MB] || EIC (4096x2048) [824 Item(s)] || VIIRS_fires_latest.exr [7.0 MB] || ", "hits": 0 }, { "id": 5088, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5088/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2023-06-12T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Tracking the Spread of the Caldor and Dixie Fires", "description": "This visualization shows the spread of the Caldor and the Dixie fires in California during the summer of 2021, updated every 12 hours from a new fire detection and tracking approach based on near-real time active fire detections from the VIIRS sensor on the Suomi-NPP satellite.Complete transcript available. || Tracking_the_Caldor_and_Dixie_Fires.03615_print.jpg (1024x576) [296.7 KB] || Tracking_the_Caldor_and_Dixie_Fires.03615_searchweb.png (320x180) [133.9 KB] || Tracking_the_Caldor_and_Dixie_Fires.03615_thm.png (80x40) [7.8 KB] || Tracking_the_Caldor_and_Dixie_Fires.mp4 (1920x1080) [336.4 MB] || Tracking_the_Caldor_and_Dixie_Fires.mp4.en_US.srt [3.9 KB] || Tracking_the_Caldor_and_Dixie_Fires.mp4.en_US.vtt [3.7 KB] || Tracking_the_Caldor_and_Dixie_Fires.mp4.hwshow || ", "hits": 205 }, { "id": 5031, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5031/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2023-03-01T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "Continental scale carbon stocks of individual trees in African drylands", "description": "Using commercial, high-resolution satellite images and artificial intelligence, a team of NASA-funded scientists mapped almost 10 billion individual trees in Africa’s drylands in order to assess the amount of carbon stored outside of major forests. The result is the first comprehensive estimate of carbon density in the Saharan, Sahel, and Sudanian zones of Africa. Complete transcript available. || Untitled-1.jpg (2096x1415) [1.8 MB] || Approved_final_exportmp4.webm (1920x1080) [39.1 MB] || Approved_final_exportmp4.mp4 (1920x1080) [719.1 MB] || tree_counting.en_US.srt [5.3 KB] || tree_counting.en_US.vtt [5.3 KB] || ", "hits": 77 }, { "id": 5075, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5075/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2023-02-13T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Near Real-Time Global Biosphere", "description": "The latest 2.5 years of Biosphere data with date annotations. || nrtbio_print.jpg (1024x512) [205.4 KB] || nrtbio_searchweb.png (320x160) [88.7 KB] || nrtbio_thm.png (80x40) [7.2 KB] || Plate_Carree_with_Dates (4096x2048) [0 Item(s)] || nrtbio_annot_plate_2048p30.mp4 (4096x2048) [113.2 MB] || slide-01.hwshow ||", "hits": 0 }, { "id": 5051, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5051/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2022-12-12T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Drought conditions set the stage for an intense fire season in California in 2021", "description": "NASA’s Earth Information System (EIS) analysis captures the onset of drought and heightened fire conditions in mid-August 2021, with seasonal deficits of rainfall, exceptionally dry soils, onset of acute vegetation stress, and reduced plant growth. || fire_hyro_VIZ01_final_HD.02350_print.jpg (1024x576) [135.1 KB] || fire_hyro_VIZ01_final_HD.02350_searchweb.png (320x180) [73.4 KB] || fire_hyro_VIZ01_final_HD.02350_thm.png (80x40) [5.1 KB] || fire_hyro_VIZ01_final_HD_1080p59.94.mp4 (1920x1080) [20.6 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_60p (1920x1080) [256.0 KB] || fire_hyro_VIZ01_final_HD_1080p59.94.webm (1920x1080) [6.7 MB] || fire_hyro_VIZ01_final_4k_2160p59.94.mp4 (3840x2160) [66.2 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_60p (3840x2160) [256.0 KB] || 9600x3240_16x9_30p (9600x3240) [256.0 KB] || ", "hits": 32 }, { "id": 5052, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5052/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2022-12-12T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Post-Fire: Assessing Downstream Effects on Hydrology and Water Quality (Thomas Fire)", "description": "Tracing Hydrological impacts of wildfires to understand downstream landslide risks; an example of the 2017 Thomas Fire, Southern California. || thomas_fire_FINAL_035_HD.04500_print.jpg (1024x576) [211.6 KB] || thomas_fire_FINAL_035_HD.04500_searchweb.png (320x180) [81.0 KB] || thomas_fire_FINAL_035_HD.04500_thm.png (80x40) [6.0 KB] || thomas_fire_FINAL_035_HD_1080p59.94.mp4 (1920x1080) [28.5 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_60p (1920x1080) [256.0 KB] || thomas_fire_FINAL_035_HD_1080p59.94.webm (1920x1080) [6.9 MB] || thomas_fire_FINAL_035_4k_2160p59.94.mp4 (3840x2160) [90.0 MB] || 9600x3240_16x9_30p (9600x3240) [128.0 KB] || 3840x2160_16x9_60p (3840x2160) [256.0 KB] || ", "hits": 79 }, { "id": 5006, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5006/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2022-11-06T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Global Biosphere March 2017 - Feb 2022", "description": "Example composite of 5 years of Mollweide projected data of Earth's biosphere beginning March 2017 through February 2022. || newbio_v34_mollweide_comp1130_print.jpg (1024x512) [186.1 KB] || newbio_v34_mollweide_comp1130_searchweb.png (180x320) [94.2 KB] || newbio_v34_mollweide_comp1130_thm.png (80x40) [7.4 KB] || Example_Composite (2000x1000) [0 Item(s)] || newbio_v34_mollweide_comp_1000p30.mp4 (2000x1000) [40.4 MB] || newbio_v34_mollweide_comp_1000p30.webm (2000x1000) [4.5 MB] || ", "hits": 69 }, { "id": 5012, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5012/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2022-09-13T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Carbon Emissions from Fires: Jan 2003 - Jan 2022", "description": "This visualization protrays the weekly carbon emissions from fires between January 2003 and January 2022. A colorbar indicates the quantity of carbon emitted in each square meter during a week. || Carbon_emissions_with_overlay.6067_print.jpg (1024x576) [76.1 KB] || Carbon_emissions_with_overlay.6067_searchweb.png (180x320) [43.2 KB] || Carbon_emissions_with_overlay.6067_thm.png (80x40) [4.4 KB] || Carbon_emissions_with_overlay_p30_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [42.7 MB] || Carbon_emissions_with_overlay_1080p60.mp4 (1920x1080) [42.6 MB] || Carbon_emissions_with_overlay_p30_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [10.0 MB] || carbon_with_overlay (3840x2160) [256.0 KB] || carbon_with_overlay (3840x2160) [512.0 KB] || Carbon_emissions_with_overlay_p30_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [110.4 MB] || Carbon_emissions_with_overlay_2160p60.mp4 (3840x2160) [109.7 MB] || Carbon_emissions_with_overlay_p30_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [224 bytes] || ", "hits": 82 }, { "id": 4992, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4992/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2022-06-01T09:00:00-04:00", "title": "Spread of the Caldor Fire - 2021", "description": "This visualization shows the spread of the Caldor fire between August 15 and October 6, 2021, updated every 12 hours based on new satellite active fire detections. The yellow outlines track the position of the active fire lines for the last 60 hours, with the latest location of the fire front in the brightest shade of yellow. The red points show the location of active fire detections, while the grey region shows the estimated total area burned. The graph shows the cumulative burned area in square kilometers.Coming soon to our YouTube channel. || Caldor_fire_2021.6540_print2.jpg (1024x576) [371.6 KB] || Caldor_fire_2021_p30_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [107.8 MB] || Caldor_fire_2021_1080p60.mp4 (1920x1080) [123.2 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_60p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || captions_silent.32783.en_US.srt [43 bytes] || Caldor_fire_2021_p30_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [356.4 MB] || Caldor_fire_2021_2160p60.mp4 (3840x2160) [383.8 MB] || firespread02.hwshow || Caldor_fire_2021_p30_1080p30.mp4.hwshow || ", "hits": 187 }, { "id": 4993, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4993/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2022-06-01T09:00:00-04:00", "title": "Spread of the Dixie Fire - 2021", "description": "This visualization shows the spread of the Dixie fire between July 14 and October 22, 2021, updated every 12 hours based on new satellite active fire detections. The yellow outlines track the position of the active fire lines for the last 60 hours, with the latest location of the fire front in the brightest shade of yellow. The red points show the location of active fire detections, while the grey region shows the estimated total area burned. The graph shows the cumulative burned area in square kilometers.Coming soon to our YouTube channel. || Dixie_fire_2021.7135_print.jpg (1024x576) [369.5 KB] || Dixie_fire_2021.7135_searchweb.png (320x180) [139.8 KB] || Dixie_fire_2021.7135_thm.png (80x40) [8.3 KB] || Dixie_fire_2021_p30_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [172.9 MB] || Dixie_fire_2021_1080p60.mp4 (1920x1080) [190.8 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_60p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || captions_silent.32827.en_US.srt [43 bytes] || Dixie_fire_2021_p30_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [477.6 MB] || Dixie_fire_2021_2160p60.mp4 (3840x2160) [513.8 MB] || Dixie_fire_2021_p30_1080p30.mp4.hwshow || Dixie_fire_animation_only_2021_1080p60.hwshow || ", "hits": 347 }, { "id": 5009, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5009/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2022-06-01T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Dixie and Caldor Wildfires Locator Maps - 2021", "description": "Perimeters of Dixie and Caldor wildfires located in California. The extent of the Dixie wildfire is as of October 22, 2021, while the extent of the Caldor wildfire is as of October 6, 2021. The dropdown menu offers multiple resolutions for a 32:27 aspect ratio. || fires_preview.jpg (1024x864) [167.1 KB] || fires_16000.png (16000x13500) [19.6 MB] || fires_3840.png (3840x3240) [11.1 MB] || fires_16000_searchweb.png (320x180) [71.5 KB] || fires_16000_thm.png (80x40) [5.2 KB] || ", "hits": 51 }, { "id": 4945, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4945/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2021-10-01T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Active Fires As Observed by VIIRS, January-September 2021", "description": "This animated visualization uses a moving three-day average of summed VIIRS measurments of fire radiative power (FRP), to present a view of fire intensities around the globe. || 2021_wildfire_intensity.1000_print.jpg (1024x576) [122.0 KB] || 2021_wildfire_intensity.1000_searchweb.png (320x180) [44.8 KB] || 2021_wildfire_intensity.1000_thm.png (80x40) [11.2 KB] || 2021_wildfire_intensity (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || 2021_wildfire_intensity_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [18.9 MB] || 2021_wildfire_intensity_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [5.5 MB] || ", "hits": 49 }, { "id": 4899, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4899/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2021-04-08T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Active Fires As Observed by VIIRS, 2020", "description": "This animated visualization uses a moving three-day average of measured fire radiative power (FRP), summing the 375 m resolution data into one-quarter degree bins, to present a view of fire intensities around the globe. || fires__2020_robinson.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [69.5 KB] || fires__2020_robinson.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [34.5 KB] || fires__2020_robinson.00001_thm.png (80x40) [4.4 KB] || fires__2020_robinson.webm (1920x1080) [5.3 MB] || fires__2020_robinson.mp4 (1920x1080) [86.7 MB] || fires__2020_robinson.mp4.hwshow [186 bytes] || ", "hits": 87 }, { "id": 4877, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4877/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2021-04-05T15:30:00-04:00", "title": "Ecological insights from three decades of animal movement tracking across a changing Arctic", "description": "Animal movement tracking across the arctic on top of seasonal natural phenomena like changing vegetation, snow (white), and sea ice (light purple).This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || migration_final_024.1000_print.jpg (1024x576) [74.8 KB] || migration_final_024.1000_print_print.jpg (1024x576) [36.9 KB] || migration_final_024.1000_print_searchweb.png (320x180) [52.6 KB] || migration_final_024.1000_print_web.png (320x180) [52.6 KB] || migration_final_024.1000_print_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || migration_final_024_1080p59.94.webm (1920x1080) [17.1 MB] || migration_final_024_1080p59.94.mp4 (1920x1080) [103.0 MB] || north_america (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || captions_silent.30466.en_US.srt [43 bytes] || migration_final_024_2160p59.94.mp4 (3840x2160) [297.5 MB] || migration_final_024_1080p.hwshow [83 bytes] || ", "hits": 166 }, { "id": 13800, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13800/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2021-03-22T09:30:00-04:00", "title": "Landsat Helps Warn of Algae in Lakes and Rivers", "description": "From space, satellites including the NASA and U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) Landsat 8 can help scientists identify lakes where an algal bloom has formed. It’s a complicated data analysis process, but one that researchers are automating so resource managers around the country can use the satellite data to identify potential problems.Music: Light From Dark by Adam Salkedi, Neil Pollard [PRS], published by Atmosphere Music Ltd.; Experimental Design by Laurent Dury [SACEM], published by Koka Media; Against The Wall by Benjamin Peter McAvoy [PRS], published by Sound Pocket Music; Brainstorming by Laurent Dury[SACEM], published by Koka Media; Together As One by Le Fat Club [SACEM], Olivier Grim [SACEM]; published by Koka Media.Complete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || 13800_aquatic_reflection_poster.png (1564x936) [2.7 MB] || 13800_aquatic_reflection_poster_print.jpg (1024x612) [237.1 KB] || 13800_aquatic_reflection_poster_searchweb.png (320x180) [130.5 KB] || 13800_aquatic_reflection_poster_thm.png (80x40) [10.8 KB] || 13800_aquatic_reflectance_prores.mov (1920x1080) [5.3 GB] || 13800_aquatic_reflectance_yt.mp4 (1920x1080) [632.1 MB] || 13800_aquatic_reflectance_fb.mp4 (1920x1080) [473.0 MB] || 13800_aquatic_reflectance_tw-720.mp4 (1280x720) [161.2 MB] || 13800_aquatic_reflectance_yt.webm (1920x1080) [21.7 MB] || 13800_aquatic_reflectance-captions.en_US.srt [9.4 KB] || 13800_aquatic_reflectance-captions.en_US.vtt [9.0 KB] || ", "hits": 47 }, { "id": 4865, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4865/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2020-10-16T09:00:00-04:00", "title": "An unexpectedly large count of trees in the West African Sahara and Sahel", "description": "Visualization showing study region, climate zones, close up of high res satellite data with machine learning-based tree crown regions, counting of trees, and overall tree counts and areaThis video is also available on our YouTube channel. || tree_counting_030_1080p59.94.02760_print.jpg (1024x576) [202.7 KB] || tree_counting_030_1080p59.94.02760_searchweb.png (320x180) [111.6 KB] || tree_counting_030_1080p59.94.02760_thm.png (80x40) [7.4 KB] || tree_counting_030_1080p59.94.mp4 (1920x1080) [37.1 MB] || tree_counting_030_1080p59.94.webm (1920x1080) [11.1 MB] || english (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || captions_silent.30076.en_US.srt [43 bytes] || tree_counting_030_2160p59.94.mp4 (3840x2160) [116.2 MB] || ", "hits": 77 }, { "id": 4813, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4813/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2020-04-21T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth Day 2020: Biosphere", "description": "Global Biosphere data from 1997 through 2017 with corresponding colorbars and date stamp.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || earthday_bio_comp.0000_print.jpg (1024x576) [95.0 KB] || earthday_bio_comp.0000_searchweb.png (320x180) [51.5 KB] || earthday_bio_comp.0000_thm.png (80x40) [5.0 KB] || earthday_biosphere_composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || earthday_bio_comp_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [17.9 MB] || earthday_bio_comp_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [106.0 MB] || captions_silent.29351.en_US.srt [43 bytes] || earthday_bio_comp_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [191 bytes] || ", "hits": 74 }, { "id": 13585, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13585/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2020-04-17T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "Bird's-eye View of Biodiversity with Landsat", "description": "Temperature data from the Landsat 8 satellite is used by scientists at University of Wisconsin-Madison to predict bird biodiversity in winter months. Turns out, having a habitat with pockets of different temperatures – like a grove of trees in an open field, or a nest or snow burrow – is especially important for small-bodied bird species and those threatened by climate change. Music: Life Cycles by Theo Golding [PRS], published by Atmosphere Music Ltd [PRS]Complete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || 13585_Bird_Temp_poster.png (1280x720) [1.3 MB] || 13585_Bird_Temp_poster_print.jpg (1024x576) [108.6 KB] || 13585_Bird_Temp_poster_searchweb.png (320x180) [92.2 KB] || 13585_Bird_Temp_poster_thm.png (80x40) [6.8 KB] || 13585_Bird_Temp_prores.mov (1280x720) [1.0 GB] || 13585_Bird_Temp_youtube.mp4 (1280x720) [129.4 MB] || 13585_Bird_Temp_twitter.mp4 (1280x720) [64.3 MB] || 13585_Bird_Temp_youtube.webm (1280x720) [16.6 MB] || 13585_Bird_Temp.en_US.srt [2.9 KB] || 13585_Bird_Temp.en_US.vtt [2.8 KB] || ", "hits": 70 }, { "id": 31100, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31100/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2020-03-30T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Global Transport of Smoke from Australian Bushfires", "description": "Animation of global aerosols from August 1, 2019 to January 29, 2020 || australia_fire_smoke_print.jpg (1024x576) [184.6 KB] || australia_fire_smoke.png (3840x2160) [8.2 MB] || australia_fire_smoke_searchweb.png (180x320) [104.5 KB] || australia_fire_smoke_thm.png (80x40) [7.7 KB] || australia_fire_smoke_720p.webm (1280x720) [11.3 MB] || australia_fire_smoke_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [228.5 MB] || AerosolFrames (10080x5043) [0 Item(s)] || AerosolFrames (5760x3240) [0 Item(s)] || australia_fire_smoke_2160p.mp4 (3840x2160) [688.8 MB] || ", "hits": 303 }, { "id": 13348, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13348/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2019-10-17T09:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA’s New View of the Daily Cycle of Rain", "description": "The most detailed view of our daily weather has been created using NASA's newest extended precipitation record known as the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM, or IMERG analysis.The IMERG analysis combines almost 20 years of rain and snow data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and the joint NASA-JAXA Global Precipitation Measurement mission (GPM).The daily cycle of weather, also known as the diurnal cycle, shapes how and when our weather develops and is fundamental to regulating our climate. || ", "hits": 42 }, { "id": 4746, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4746/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2019-08-08T08:00:00-04:00", "title": "June 2019 Monthly Global Temperature Anomalies", "description": "While many people in the continuous United States saw average temperatures in the month of June 2019, the average global temperature in June was 1.71 degrees F above the 20th-century average of 59.9 degrees. This makes June 2019 the hottest June in the 140-year record. Nine of the 10 hottest Junes have occurred since 2010. Last month also was the 43rd consecutive June and 414th consecutive month with above-average global temperatures. This visual of the GISTEMP anomalies for June of 2019 show the United States and then zooms out to show the global picture. Temperature anomalies indicate how much warmer (red) or colder(blue) it is than normal for a particular place and time. For the GISS analysis, normal always means the average over the 30-year period 1951-1980 for that place and time of year. For more information on the GISTEMP, see the GISTEMP analysis website located at: http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/ || ", "hits": 36 }, { "id": 13262, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13262/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2019-07-22T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA and NOAA Take to the Air to Chase Smoke", "description": "Music: Broad Horizons by Chris White [PRS]Complete transcript available. || Still.png (1773x995) [3.3 MB] || Still_print.jpg (1024x574) [163.4 KB] || Still_searchweb.png (320x180) [119.4 KB] || Still_thm.png (80x40) [7.0 KB] || TWITTER_720_13692_FIREExKickoff_twitter_720.mp4 (1280x720) [27.0 MB] || 13692_FIREExKickoff.webm (960x540) [44.5 MB] || 13262_FIREExKickoff.mov (1920x1080) [1.4 GB] || YOUTUBE_1080_13692_FIREExKickoff_youtube_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [207.3 MB] || 13262_FIREEx.en_US.srt [2.9 KB] || 13262_FIREEx.en_US.vtt [2.9 KB] || ", "hits": 172 }, { "id": 4741, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4741/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2019-07-19T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Active Fires As Observed by VIIRS, 2012-2018", "description": "Global Fires, 2012-2018 || fires_BT.0001_print.jpg (1024x576) [58.5 KB] || fires_BT.0001_searchweb.png (320x180) [36.5 KB] || fires_BT.0001_thm.png (80x40) [4.4 KB] || fires_BT_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [21.7 MB] || w_dates (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || fires_BT_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [11.8 MB] || ", "hits": 44 }, { "id": 4728, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4728/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2019-07-11T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "Carbon Emissions from Fires: 2003 - 2018", "description": "This visualization shows carbon emissions from fires from January 1, 2003 through December 31, 2018. The colorbar reflects the quantity of carbon emitted. || carbonEmissions_wDate.1687_print.jpg (1024x576) [98.0 KB] || carbonEmissions_wDate.1687_searchweb.png (320x180) [57.2 KB] || carbonEmissions_wDate.1687_thm.png (80x40) [5.4 KB] || carbonEmissions_wDate_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [37.4 MB] || carbonEmission_comp (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || carbonEmissions_wDate_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [6.8 MB] || carbonEmissions_wDate_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [230 bytes] || ", "hits": 21 }, { "id": 12800, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12800/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2017-12-11T16:00:00-05:00", "title": "The Birth of a New Island: Press Materials", "description": "Music: Fountain by Mailcoat Sheppard; Data Visions by Pike; Guilty Curiosity by Brice Davoli; Concerning Nymphs by Hammond Roberts. Complete transcript available. || NewTongaIsland_Long_print.jpg (1024x573) [107.5 KB] || NewTongaIsland_Long.png (2552x1429) [3.6 MB] || NewTongaIsland_Long_searchweb.png (320x180) [99.0 KB] || NewTongaIsland_Long_thm.png (80x40) [7.8 KB] || FACEBOOK_720_NewTongaIsland_Long_facebook_720.webm (1280x720) [43.3 MB] || TWITTER_720_NewTongaIsland_Long_twitter_720.mp4 (1280x720) [96.7 MB] || NewTongaIsland_Long_large.mp4 (1920x1080) [404.5 MB] || FACEBOOK_720_NewTongaIsland_Long_facebook_720.mp4 (1280x720) [504.5 MB] || YOUTUBE_720_NewTongaIsland_Long_youtube_720.mp4 (1280x720) [660.6 MB] || YOUTUBE_1080_NewTongaIsland_Long_youtube_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [694.2 MB] || TongaNewIslandCaptions.en_US.srt [7.9 KB] || TongaNewIslandCaptions.en_US.vtt [7.8 KB] || CH28_NewTongaIsland_Long_ch28.mov (1280x720) [3.7 GB] || NewTongaIsland_Long.mov (1920x1080) [10.5 GB] || ", "hits": 100 }, { "id": 4597, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4597/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-11-16T15:00:00-05:00", "title": "Earth: Our Living Planet (Updated)", "description": "Twenty years of global biosphere data mapped on a slowly spinning globe. || slow_spin_4k.5542_print.jpg (1024x576) [83.1 KB] || slow_spin_4k.5542_searchweb.png (320x180) [48.3 KB] || slow_spin_4k.5542_thm.png (80x40) [4.4 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || slow_spin_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [17.8 MB] || slow_spin_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [119.2 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || slow_spin_4k.mp4 (3840x2160) [397.0 MB] || ", "hits": 80 }, { "id": 12776, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12776/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2017-11-15T15:00:00-05:00", "title": "How to Find a Living Planet", "description": "The more we see other planets, the more the question comes into focus: Maybe we're the weird one? Decades of observing Earth from space has informed our search for signs of habitability and life on exoplanets and even planets in our own solar system. We're taking a closer look at what we've learned about Earth - our only example of a planet with life - to search for life in the universe. || ", "hits": 63 }, { "id": 4596, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4596/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-11-14T17:00:00-05:00", "title": "20 Years of Global Biosphere (updated)", "description": "This Mollweide projected data visualization shows 20 years of Earth's biosphere starting in September 1997 going through September 2017. Data for this visualization was collected from multiple satellites over the past twenty years. || biosphere7_mollweide.4507_print.jpg (576x1024) [192.2 KB] || biosphere7_mollweide.4507_searchweb.png (180x320) [91.0 KB] || biosphere7_mollweide.4507_thm.png (80x40) [7.4 KB] || mollweide_annotated (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || biosphere7_mollweide_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [17.8 MB] || biosphere7_mollweide_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [264.8 MB] || biosphere7_mollweide_1080p30.mp4.hwshow || ", "hits": 158 }, { "id": 12777, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12777/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2017-11-13T13:00:00-05:00", "title": "Our Living Planet From Space", "description": "Life. It's the one thing that, so far, makes Earth unique among the thousands of other planets we've discovered. Since the fall of 1997, NASA satellites have continuously and globally observed all plant life at the surface of the land and ocean. Earth is still the only planet we know of with life - with that in mind, our habitable home world seems evermore fragile and beautiful when considering the vastness of unlivable space. || ", "hits": 124 }, { "id": 12479, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12479/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2017-02-11T11:58:00-05:00", "title": "NASM 2016: The Search For Life", "description": "Complete transcript available. || Thumbnail_print.jpg (1024x578) [142.3 KB] || Thumbnail.png (3348x1890) [8.3 MB] || Thumbnail_searchweb.png (320x180) [98.0 KB] || Thumbnail_web.png (320x180) [98.5 KB] || Thumbnail_thm.png (80x40) [7.3 KB] || The-Search-For-Life-NASM2016.mov (1920x1080) [52.0 GB] || APPLE_TV-The-Search-For-Life-NASM2016_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [1.0 GB] || NASA_TV-The-Search-For-Life-NASM2016.mpeg (1280x720) [6.8 GB] || The-Search-For-Life-NASM2016.webm (1920x1080) [233.9 MB] || NASMOnline.mp4 (1920x1080) [2.1 GB] || YOUTUBE_HQ-NASMOnline_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [4.8 GB] || APPLE_TV-The-Search-For-Life-NASM2016_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [1.0 GB] || NASMOnline.en_US.srt [38.3 KB] || NASMOnline.en_US.vtt [36.5 KB] || The-Search-For-Life-NASM2016_lowres.mp4 (480x272) [280.4 MB] || ", "hits": 17 }, { "id": 4546, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4546/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-01-18T10:29:00-05:00", "title": "Five-Year Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2016", "description": "This color-coded map displays a progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies from 1880 through 2016. The final frame represents global temperature anomalies averaged from 2012 through 2016 in degrees Celsius. || robinson2_1212_print.jpg (1024x576) [124.2 KB] || robinson2_1213_searchweb.png (180x320) [72.8 KB] || robinson2_1213_thm.png (80x40) [6.7 KB] || gistemp2016_5year_full_record_celsius_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [46.3 MB] || gistemp2016_5year_full_record_celsius_30fps_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [46.3 MB] || Celsius_composite (1920x1080) [64.0 KB] || Celsius_composite (1920x1080) [64.0 KB] || gistemp2016_5year_full_record_celsius_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [2.1 MB] || gistemp2016_5year_full_record_celsius_4546.key [48.7 MB] || gistemp2016_5year_full_record_celsius_4546.pptx [48.3 MB] || gistemp2016_5year_full_record_celsius_1080p.mp4.hwshow [258 bytes] || ", "hits": 238 }, { "id": 4438, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4438/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2016-03-25T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from January 2016", "description": "This visualization shows the anomalously warm month of January 2016. Reds show areas that are warmer than normal and blue shows regions that are colder than normal. || Jan2016_GISTEMP_0298_print.jpg (1024x576) [64.8 KB] || Jan2016_GISTEMP_0298_searchweb.png (320x180) [44.7 KB] || Jan2016_GISTEMP_0298_thm.png (80x40) [4.6 KB] || composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Jan2016_ArcticWarming.mp4 (1920x1080) [21.4 MB] || Jan2016_ArcticWarming.webm (1920x1080) [642.2 KB] || Jan2016_ArcticWarming.mp4.hwshow [187 bytes] || ", "hits": 155 }, { "id": 4441, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4441/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2016-03-25T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from February 2016", "description": "This visual of the February 2016 monthly GISTEMP shows temperatures that are warmer than normal in red and colder than normal in blue. || EuropeNorthAmerica_Feb2016_GISTEMP_0290_print.jpg (1024x576) [66.5 KB] || EuropeNorthAmerica_Feb2016_GISTEMP_0290_searchweb.png (320x180) [45.2 KB] || EuropeNorthAmerica_Feb2016_GISTEMP_0290_thm.png (80x40) [4.6 KB] || Feb2016_withOverlays (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Feb2016_GISTEMPanomaly.mp4 (1920x1080) [21.1 MB] || Feb2016_GISTEMPanomaly.webm (1920x1080) [648.0 KB] || Feb2016_GISTEMPanomaly.m4v (640x360) [1.0 MB] || Feb2016_GISTEMPanomaly.mp4.hwshow [188 bytes] || ", "hits": 186 }, { "id": 4420, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4420/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2016-01-20T11:30:00-05:00", "title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from December 2015", "description": "Global temperature data for December 2015, in degrees Fahrenheit, starting with North America and pulling back to reveal the whole world. The December 2015 temperatures are compared to a baseline of the 1951-1980 average temperature. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. || Dec2015Gistemp_zoomout_fahrenheit_0000_print.jpg (1024x576) [75.3 KB] || Dec2015Gistemp_zoomout_fahrenheit_0000_searchweb.png (320x180) [66.3 KB] || Dec2015Gistemp_zoomout_fahrenheit_0000_thm.png (80x40) [5.5 KB] || fahrenheit_composite_dec2015monthly (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Dec2015Gistemp_zoomout_fahrenheit_0000_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [3.2 MB] || 4420_GISTEMP_Dec2015_zoomout_F.webm (960x540) [2.9 MB] || 4420_GISTEMP_Dec2015_zoomout_F_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [6.5 MB] || 4420_GISTEMP_Dec2015_zoomout_F.mpeg (1280x720) [46.8 MB] || 4420_GISTEMP_Dec2015_zoomout_F_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [20.1 MB] || 4420_GISTEMP_Dec2015_zoomout_F_prores.mov (1280x720) [105.0 MB] || 4420_GISTEMP_Dec2015_zoomout_F_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [2.2 MB] || Dec2015Gistemp_zoomout_fahrenheit_0000_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [212 bytes] || ", "hits": 53 }, { "id": 4419, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4419/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2016-01-20T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Five-Year Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2015", "description": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 through 2015. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the global temperatures 5-year averaged from 2011 through 2015. Scale in degree Celsius.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C_print.jpg (1024x576) [107.0 KB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C_print_searchweb.png (320x180) [78.5 KB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C_print_thm.png (80x40) [7.3 KB] || celsius_composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [79.5 MB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C.webm (960x540) [13.3 MB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [16.3 MB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C.mpeg (1280x720) [122.2 MB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C_prores.mov (1280x720) [533.7 MB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C.key [20.0 MB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C.pptx [17.4 MB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [4.8 MB] || ", "hits": 177 }, { "id": 4413, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4413/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2016-01-07T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly and Terrestrial Water Storage Anomaly Comparison", "description": "Animation showing Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly (SSTA) and Terrestrial Water Storage Anomaly (TWSA) data from 2002 to 2015 simultaneously. For SSTA data, blues indicate temperatures lower than normal and reds are areas warmer than normal. With this data we can see the comings and goings of El Niño and La Niña across the years. For the TWSA data, browns indicate areas with less ground water than normal and greens are areas with more ground water than normal, which correlates to droughts and floods in these various regions. Furthermore, terrestrial areas that show significant amounts of low water storage are much more sensitive to wildfires. || grace_w_ssta_rob2.4991_print.jpg (1024x576) [133.2 KB] || grace_w_ssta_rob2.4991_searchweb.png (180x320) [91.1 KB] || grace_w_ssta_rob2.4991_thm.png (80x40) [7.7 KB] || grace_w_ssta_rob2_2x_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [41.8 MB] || composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || robinson_projection (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || dates (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || grace_w_ssta_rob2_2x_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [9.8 MB] || ", "hits": 33 }, { "id": 4407, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4407/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-12-15T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "Monthly burned area from the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED)", "description": "The final animation of the monthly burned area percent shown in the Robinson projection with a colorbar and date overlay || comp_burned_area_pct.2234_print.jpg (1024x576) [128.4 KB] || comp_burned_area_pct.2234_searchweb.png (320x180) [78.4 KB] || comp_burned_area_pct.2234_thm.png (80x40) [6.4 KB] || comp_burned_area_pct.2234_web.png (320x180) [78.4 KB] || comp_burned_area_pct_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [44.1 MB] || comp_burned_area_pct_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [8.4 MB] || robinson_final (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Comp_burned_area_pct_720p30.mp4 (1280x720) [26.2 MB] || robinson_final (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || comp_burned_area_4407.key [29.7 MB] || comp_burned_area_4407.pptx [27.1 MB] || comp_burned_area_pct_4k_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [142.3 MB] || comp_burned_area_pct_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [228 bytes] || ", "hits": 166 }, { "id": 4252, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4252/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-01-16T00:30:00-05:00", "title": "Five-Year Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2014", "description": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 through 2014. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the global temperatures 5-year averaged from 2010 through 2014. || GISTEMP_2014update.0905_print.jpg (1024x576) [122.2 KB] || GISTEMP_2014update.0905_searchweb.png (320x180) [74.5 KB] || GISTEMP_2014update.0905_thm.png (80x40) [6.7 KB] || composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || 2014_update_robinson_composite.mp4 (1920x1080) [36.8 MB] || 2014_update_robinson_composite.webm (1920x1080) [3.5 MB] || ", "hits": 65 }, { "id": 4254, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4254/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-01-16T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from November 2014", "description": "This visualization of global surface temperatures from November 2014 starts with a local view of the United States and then zooms out to see the global color-coded map. Blue represents colder then normal temperatures and red represents warmer. || Nov2014_Robinson_zoomout_composite_0001_print.jpg (1024x576) [98.1 KB] || Nov2014_Robinson_zoomout_composite_0001_searchweb.png (320x180) [74.4 KB] || Nov2014_Robinson_zoomout_composite_0001_thm.png (80x40) [6.0 KB] || robinson_composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Nov2014monthly_robinsonzoomout.mp4 (1920x1080) [10.9 MB] || Nov2014monthly_robinsonzoomout.webm (1920x1080) [1.3 MB] || ", "hits": 18 }, { "id": 4255, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4255/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-01-16T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "2014 Global Temperature Anomalies: United States to Global view", "description": "This visualization of annual global temperature anomalies from 2014 starts with a local view of the United States and then zooms out to the global color-coded map. Blue represents colder then normal temperatures and red represents warmer then normal temperatures. || US_Global_pullout_2014GISTEMP_0001_print.jpg (1024x576) [105.0 KB] || US_Global_pullout_2014GISTEMP_0001_searchweb.png (320x180) [75.7 KB] || US_Global_pullout_2014GISTEMP_0001_thm.png (80x40) [6.1 KB] || composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Annual2014GISSTEMP_US2Global.mp4 (1920x1080) [11.2 MB] || Annual2014GISSTEMP_US2Global.webm (1920x1080) [1.3 MB] || ", "hits": 57 }, { "id": 11512, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11512/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-04-01T12:45:00-04:00", "title": "Satellite Shows High Productivity From U.S. Corn Belt", "description": "Data from satellite sensors show that during the Northern Hemisphere's growing season, the Midwest region of the United States boasts more photosynthetic activity than any other spot on Earth, according to NASA and university scientists. || ", "hits": 37 }, { "id": 4152, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4152/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-03-19T14:40:00-04:00", "title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from January 2014", "description": "Residents of the eastern United States know that the temperature was colder then the average temperature. This visual of the GISTEMP anomalies for January of 2014 show the United States and then zooms out to show the global picture. Temperature anomalies indicate how much warmer or colder it is than normal for a particular place and time. For the GISS analysis, normal always means the average over the 30-year period 1951-1980 for that place and time of year. For more information on the GISTEMP, see the GISTEMP analysis website located at: http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/ || ", "hits": 26 }, { "id": 4135, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4135/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-01-21T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Five-Year Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2013", "description": "NASA scientists say 2013 tied with 2009 and 2006 for the seventh warmest year since 1880, continuing a long-term trend of rising global temperatures. With the exception of 1998, the 10 warmest years in the 134-year record all have occurred since 2000, with 2010 and 2005 ranking as the warmest years on record.NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York, which analyzes global surface temperatures on an ongoing basis, released an updated report Tuesday on temperatures around the globe in 2013. The comparison shows how Earth continues to experience temperatures warmer than those measured several decades ago. The average temperature in 2013 was 58.3 degrees Fahrenheit (14.6 degrees Celsius), which is 1.1 °F (0.6 °C) warmer than the mid-20th century baseline. The average global temperature has risen about 1.4 °F (0.8 °C) since 1880, according to the new analysis. Exact rankings for individual years are sensitive to data inputs and analysis methods.\"Long-term trends in surface temperatures are unusual and 2013 adds to the evidence for ongoing climate change,\" GISS climatologist Gavin Schmidt said. \"While one year or one season can be affected by random weather events, this analysis shows the necessity for continued, long-term monitoring.\"Scientists emphasize that weather patterns always will cause fluctuations in average temperatures from year to year, but the continued increases in greenhouse gas levels in Earth's atmosphere are driving a long-term rise in global temperatures. Each successive year will not necessarily be warmer than the year before, but with the current level of greenhouse gas emissions, scientists expect each successive decade to be warmer than the previous.Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that traps heat and plays a major role in controlling changes to Earth's climate. It occurs naturally and also is emitted by the burning of fossil fuels for energy. Driven by increasing man-made emissions, the level of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere presently is higher than at any time in the last 800,000 years. The carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere was about 285 parts per million in 1880, the first year in the GISS temperature record. By 1960, the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, measured at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, was about 315 parts per million. This measurement peaked last year at more than 400 parts per million.While the world experienced relatively warm temperatures in 2013, the continental United States experienced the 42nd warmest year on record, according to GISS analysis. For some other countries, such as Australia, 2013 was the hottest year on record.The temperature analysis produced at GISS is compiled from weather data from more than 1,000 meteorological stations around the world, satellite observations of sea-surface temperature, and Antarctic research station measurements, taking into account station history and urban heat island effects. Software is used to calculate the difference between surface temperature in a given month and the average temperature for the same place from 1951 to 1980. This three-decade period functions as a baseline for the analysis. It has been 38 years since the recording of a year of cooler than average temperatures.The GISS temperature record is one of several global temperature analyses, along with those produced by the Met Office Hadley Centre in the United Kingdom and NOAA's National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, N.C. These three primary records use slightly different methods, but overall, their trends show close agreement.Additional commentary on the 2013 temperature anomaly is provided by Dr. James Hansen of Columbia University at: http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2014/20140121_Temperature2013.pdfThe GISTEMP analysis website is located at: http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/ || ", "hits": 166 }, { "id": 30378, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30378/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Monthly Active Fires", "description": "Using fire data collected globally every day by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard NASA's Terra satellite, scientists produce maps like these to show the number and extent of fire around the world each month. The red, orange, and yellow pixels on these monthly maps from March 2000 to the present show the locations where the MODIS instrument detected actively burning fires. The colors represent a count of the number of fires each month observed within a 1000-square-kilometer (~385-square-mile) area. White pixels show the high end of the count—as many as 100 fires in a 1000-square-kilometer area per day. Yellow pixels show as many as 10 fires, orange shows as many as 5 fires, and red areas as few as 1 fire in a 1000-square-kilometer area per day. Active fire maps such as these are helping scientists to better understand Earth's environment and climate system. || ", "hits": 15 }, { "id": 30380, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30380/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Monthly Net Primary Productivity", "description": "Plants play an important role in the movements of carbon dioxide throughout Earth's environment. Living plants both take in carbon dioxide from the air and put out carbon dioxide to the air. Called net primary productivity, these maps show where and how much carbon dioxide is taken in by vegetation during photosynthesis minus how much carbon dioxide is released when plants respire on a monthly basis, from February 2000 to the present. Created using data from the Moderate Resolutions Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard NASA’s Terra satellite, the colors on these maps indicate how fast carbon was taken in for every square meter of land. Values range from -1.0 grams of carbon per square meter per day (tan) to 6.5 grams per square meter per day (dark green). A negative value means decomposition or respiration overpowered carbon absorption; more carbon was released to the atmosphere than the plants took in. Maps such as these allow scientists to routinely monitor plants' role in the global carbon cycle. || ", "hits": 456 }, { "id": 4092, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4092/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2013-08-08T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "Mapping the Fire Intensity Record for the United States (2000 through 2013)", "description": "This visualization displays the MODIS Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) Mean Fire Radiative Power (FRP). The CMG fire products incorporate MODIS active fire data into gridded statistical summaries of fire pixel information intended for use in regional and global modeling. The products are currently generated at 0.5 degree spatial resolution. Many of the lower intensity fires shown in red were prescribed fires, lit for either agricultural or ecosystem management purposes. Orange indicates fires that were more intense with the most intense FRP being shown in yellow. Most of these intense fires occurred in the western United States, where lightning and human activity often sparks blazes that firefighters cannot contain. || ", "hits": 20 }, { "id": 4093, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4093/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2013-08-08T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "Mapping the Fire Intensity Global Record (2000 through 2013)", "description": "This visualization displays the MODIS Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) Mean Fire Radiative Power (FRP). The CMG fire products incorporate MODIS active fire data into gridded statistical summaries of fire pixel information intended for use in regional and global modeling. The products are currently generated at 0.5 degree spatial resolution. Many of the lower intensity fires shown in red were prescribed fires, lit for either agricultural or ecosystem management purposes. Orange indicates fires that were more intense with the most intense FRP being shown in yellow. Notice, many of the most intense fires occurred in higher latitudes. || ", "hits": 39 }, { "id": 4030, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4030/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2013-01-15T13:00:00-05:00", "title": "Five-Year Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2012", "description": "This color-coded map displays a progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies from 1880 through 2012. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal temperatures are shown in blue. Global surface temperature in 2012 was +0.55 || ", "hits": 539 }, { "id": 4011, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4011/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2012-11-28T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "United States Active Fires 2012", "description": "Records maintained by the National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC) and NASA both indicate that 2012 was an extraordinary year for wildfires in the United States.NIFC statistics show that more than 9.1 million acres had burned as of November 30, 2012—the third highest total in a record that dates back to 1960. Also notable: despite the high number of acres burned in 2012, the total number of fires—55,505—was low, the least on the NIFC record. Average fire size in 2012 was the highest on the record.The visualizations depict fires that burned between January 1 and October 31, 2012, as detected by the MODIS instruments. The fires are displayed over MODIS' vegetation and snow cover data. Yellow and orange indicates fires that were more intense and had a larger area of active burning. Most of these intense fires occurred in the western United States, where lightning and human activity often sparks blazes that firefighters cannot contain. Many of the lower intensity fires shown in red were prescribed fires, lit for either agricultural or ecosystem management purposes.The Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) can routinely detect both flaming and smoldering fires that are aproximately 1000 square meters in size. Under pristine and extremely rare observing conditions even smaller flaming fires that are aproximately 50 square meters can be detected. Each active fire location represents the center of a 1 km pixel that is flagged by the algorithm as containing a fire within the pixel. For more information on the fire data, see the MODIS Collection 5 Active Fire Product User's Guide. For more information on the algorithm, see Giglio, L., J. Descloitres, C. O. Justice, and Y. J. Kaufman. 2003. An enhanced contextual fire detection algorithm for MODIS. Remote Sensing of Environment, 87:273-282 || ", "hits": 41 }, { "id": 3927, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3927/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2012-06-07T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "ICESCAPE Mission Measures High Chlorophyll-a Under the Ice", "description": "ICESCAPE is a multi-year NASA mission to study biogeochemical and ecological impacts of climate change in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas in the Arctic. During 2011, the ICESCAPE mission acquired data while sailing on the US Coast Guard Cutter Healy. This visualization shows both the technique used by the ICESCAPE mission to take data measurements as well as some of the data that was taken.The visualization shows the ICESCAPE ship's path through the Chukchi and Beaufort seas north of Alaska from July 3, 2011 through July 8, 2011. The ship stops and takes measurements along the way. The measurements are taken by canisters lowered to various depths that sample the water. The measurement depths range from 1.8 meters to 149.3 meters below sea level. The sets of measurements are broken into two transects. The first transect is the trip out into the ice. The second transect is the trip back. Topography (above sea level) is exaggerated 10 times. Bathymetry (below sea level) is exaggerated 200 times in order differentiate the measurements.The colors of the measurements (i.e,. stations) correspond to the color bar below which represent chlorophyll-a concentrations. Measurements that are depicted by spheres were acquired while the ship was in open water while measurements depicted by cubes were acquired when the ship was in ice. As data is collected, a wall of interpolated data is generated.An important finding of this research was that high concentrations of chlorophyll-a were found under the ice. || ", "hits": 19 }, { "id": 3901, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3901/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2012-01-20T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Five-Year Average Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2011", "description": "The global average surface temperature in 2011 was the ninth warmest since 1880.The finding sustains a trend that has seen the 21st century experience nine of the 10 warmest years in the modern meteorological record. NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York released an analysis of how temperatures around the globe in 2011 compared to the average global temperature from the mid-20th century. The comparison shows how Earth continues to experience higher temperatures than several decades ago. The average temperature around the globe in 2011 was 0.92 degrees F (0.51 C) higher than the mid-20th century baseline.\"We know the planet is absorbing more energy than it is emitting,\" said GISS director James E. Hansen. \"So we are continuing to see a trend toward higher temperatures. Even with the cooling effects of a strong La Ni?a influence and low solar activity for the past several years, 2011 was one of the 10 warmest years on record.\"The difference between 2011 and the warmest year in the GISS record (2010) is 0.22 degrees F (0.12 C). This underscores the emphasis scientists put on the long-term trend of global temperature rise as opposed to year-to-year variations. Because of the large natural variability of climate, scientists do not expect annual temperatures to rise consistently each year. However, they do expect a continuing temperature rise over decades. The first 11 years of the 21st century experienced notably higher temperatures compared to the middle and late 20th century, Hansen said.For more information on the GISS temperature analysis, visit http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp. || ", "hits": 155 }, { "id": 10831, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10831/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2011-11-01T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "The Geography Of Fire", "description": "What do nearly ten years of satellite fire observations look like? Instruments on two NASA Earth-observing satellites have answered that question by scanning the surface for signs of fire four times a day since 2002. The instruments have generated an ever-growing string of data that researchers have used to map the distribution of the world's fires in unprecedented detail. The visualization below provides a global tour of these observations using red to indicate actively burning fires, green to show vegetation and white to show snow. It begins with heavy grassland fires that speckle the dry interior of Australia in 2002. The view then pans to Asia and fire-prone Africa where waves of agricultural and management fires sweep across large portions of these continents in sync with seasonal surges of vegetation and retreating snow. A glimpse of a mild South American fire season in 2009 follows, along with intermittent flashes from wildfires that ravaged areas of Texas in the spring of 2011. Such data has more than aesthetic value: scientists use it to track fire trends over time and to refine calculations that show how greenhouse gases and particles emitted by fires in different regions contribute to climate change. || ", "hits": 16 }, { "id": 10851, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10851/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2011-10-20T16:00:00-04:00", "title": "A Look Back at a Decade of Fires", "description": "For more than a decade, instruments on Terra and Aqua, two of NASA's flagship Earth-observing satellites, have scanned the surface of our planet for fires four times a day. The instruments, both Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS), have revolutionized what scientists know about fire's role in land cover change, ecosystem processes, and the global carbon cycle by allowing researchers to map the characteristics and global distribution of fires in remarkable detail. The collection of videos below provides perspective on how global fires impact humans and our planet. || ", "hits": 48 }, { "id": 3870, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3870/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2011-10-18T23:00:00-04:00", "title": "African Fire Observations and MODIS NDVI", "description": "From space, we can understand fires in ways that are impossible from the ground. The MODIS instrument onboard the Terra and Aqua satellite, was specifically designed to detect fires. As a result, it can see both smaller fires and a wide range of fires from cool grass fires to raging forest fires. Burning carbon particles both on the tiny soot particles in the flame and on the fuel itself emit a very specific wavelength of light, 3.8 to 4 microns. NASA research has contributed to much improved detection of fire for scientific purposes using satellite remote sensing and geographic information systems. This has helped advance our understanding of the impacts of fire in many areas of earth science, including atmospheric chemistry and the impacts on protected areas. This research has led to the development of a rapid response system widely used throughout the world for both natural resource management and for firefighting by providing near real-time information. The visualization shows fires detected in Africa from July 2002 through July 2011. Africa has more abundant burning than any other continent. MODIS observations have shown that some 70 percent of the world's fires occur in Africa alone. \"It's incredibly satisfying to see such a long record of fires visualized,\" said Chris Justice, a scientist from the University of Maryland who leads NASA's effort to use MODIS data to study the world's fires. \"It's not only exciting visually, but what you see here is a very good representation of the data scientists use to understand the global distribution of fires and to determine where and how fires are responding to climate change and population growth.\"More information on the Fire Information for Resource Management (FIRMS) is available at http://maps.geog.umd.edu/firms/. || ", "hits": 40 }, { "id": 3869, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3869/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2011-10-18T19:00:00-04:00", "title": "Boreal Forest Fire Observations and MODIS NDVI", "description": "NASA has released a series of new visualizations that show the locations of the millions of fires detected by key fire-monitoring instruments on NASA satellites over the last decade. This visualization shows fire observations made by the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments on board the Terra and Aqua satellites in Europe and Asia from July 2002 through July 2011. \"It's incredibly satisfying to see such a long record of fires visualized,\" said Chris Justice, a scientist from the University of Maryland who leads NASA's effort to use MODIS data to study the world's fires. \"It's not only exciting visually, but what you see here is a very good representation of the data scientists use to understand the global distribution of fires and to determine where and how fires are responding to climate change and population growth.\"More information on the Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) is available at https://earthdata.nasa.gov/earth-observation-data/near-real-time/firms. || ", "hits": 33 }, { "id": 3871, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3871/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2011-10-18T19:00:00-04:00", "title": "Australia Fire Observations and MODIS NDVI", "description": "From space, we can understand fires in ways that are impossible from the ground. The MODIS instrument onboard the Terra and Aqua satellite, was specifically designed to detect fires. This visualization shows fire detections from July 2002 through July 2011. The visualization also includes vegetation and snow cover data to show how fires respond to seasonal changes. The tour begins in Australia in 2002 by showing a network of massive grassland fires spreading across interior Australia as well as the greener Eucalyptus forests in the northern and eastern part of the continent.More information on the Fire Information for Resource Management (FIRMS) is available at http://maps.geog.umd.edu/firms/. || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 3872, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3872/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2011-10-18T19:00:00-04:00", "title": "South American Fire Observations and MODIS NDVI", "description": "From space, we can understand fires in ways that are impossible from the ground. NASA research has contributed to much improved detection of fire for scientific purposes using satellite remote sensing and geographic information systems. This visualization of South America shows fire observations made by MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments on board the Terra and Aqua satellites . South America exhibits a steady flickering of fire across much of the Amazon rainforest with peaks of activity in September and November. Almost all of the fires in the Amazon are the direct result of human activity, including slash-and-burn agriculture, because the high moisture levels in the region prevent inhibit natural fires from occurring.More information on the Fire Information for Resource Management (FIRMS) is available at http://maps.geog.umd.edu/firms/. || ", "hits": 35 }, { "id": 3873, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3873/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2011-10-18T19:00:00-04:00", "title": "United States Fire Observations and MODIS NDVI", "description": "From space, we can understand fires in ways that are impossible from the ground. NASA has released a series of new visualizations that show fires detected by key fire-monitoring instruments on NASA satellites over the last decade. The visualizations show fire observations made by MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments on board the Terra and Aqua satellites. The visualization also includes vegetation and snow cover data to show how fires respond to seasonal changes. \"It's incredibly satisfying to see such a long record of fires visualized,\" said Chris Justice, a scientist from the University of Maryland who leads NASA's effort to use MODIS data to study the world's fires. \"It's not only exciting visually, but what you see here is a very good representation of the data scientists use to understand the global distribution of fires and to determine where and how fires are responding to climate change and population growth.\" North America is a region where fires are comparatively rare. North American fires make up just 2 percent of the world's burned area each year. The fires that receive the most attention in the United States, the uncontrolled forest fires in the West, are less visible than the wave of agricultural fires prominent in the Southeast and along the Mississippi River Valley, but some of the large wildfires that struck Texas earlier this spring are visible.More information on the Fire Information for Resource Management (FIRMS) is available at http://maps.geog.umd.edu/firms/. || ", "hits": 38 }, { "id": 3868, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3868/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2011-10-18T01:00:00-04:00", "title": "Global Fire Observations and MODIS NDVI", "description": "This visualization leads viewers on a narrated global tour of fire detections beginning in July 2002 and ending July 2011. The visualization also includes vegetation and snow cover data to show how fires respond to seasonal changes. The tour begins in Australia in 2002 by showing a network of massive grassland fires spreading across interior Australia as well as the greener Eucalyptus forests in the northern and eastern part of the continent. The tour then shifts to Asia where large numbers of agricultural fires are visible first in China in June 2004, then across a huge swath of Europe and western Russia in August, and then across India and Southeast Asia through the early part of 2005. It moves next to Africa, the continent that has more abundant burning than any other. MODIS observations have shown that some 70 percent of the world's fires occur in Africa alone. In what's a fairly average burning season, the visualization shows a huge outbreak of savanna fires during the dry season in Central Africa in July, August, and September of 2006, driven mainly by agricultural activities but also by the fact that the region experiences more lightning than anywhere else in the world. The tour shifts next to South America where a steady flickering of fire is visible across much of the Amazon rainforest with peaks of activity in September and November of 2009. Almost all of the fires in the Amazon are the direct result of human activity, including slash-and-burn agriculture, because the high moisture levels in the region prevent inhibit natural fires from occurring. It concludes in North America, a region where fires are comparatively rare. North American fires make up just 2 percent of the world's burned area each year. The fires that receive the most attention in the United States, the uncontrolled forest fires in the West, are less visible than the wave of agricultural fires prominent in the Southeast and along the Mississippi River Valley, but some of the large wildfires that struck Texas earlier this spring are visible. More information on the Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) is available at http://maps.geog.umd.edu/firms/. || ", "hits": 54 }, { "id": 3817, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3817/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2011-01-14T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Five-Year Average Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2010", "description": "Groups of scientists from several major institutions - NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), the Japanese Meteorological Agency and the Met Office Hadley Centre in the United Kingdom - tally data collected by temperature monitoring stations spread around the world and make an announcement about whether the previous year was a comparatively warm or cool year. This analysis concerns only temperature anomalies, not absolute temperature. Temperature anomalies are computed relative to the base period 1951-1980. The reason to work with anomalies, rather than absolute temperature is that absolute temperature varies markedly in short distances, while monthly or annual temperature anomalies are representative of a much larger region. Indeed, we have shown (Hansen and Lebedeff, 1987) that temperature anomalies are strongly correlated out to distances of the order of 1000 km. For more information about this dataset, see http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp NASA's announcement this year - that 2010 ties 2005 as the warmest year in the 131-year instrumental record - made headlines. But, how much does the ranking of a single year matter?Not all that much, emphasizes James Hansen, the director of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York City. In the GISS analysis, for example, 2010 differed from 2005 by less than 0.01°C (0.018°F), a difference so small that the temperatures of these two years are indistinguishable, given the uncertainty of the calculation.Meanwhile, the third warmest year - 2009 - is so close to 1998, 2002, 2003, 2006, and 2007, with the maximum difference between the years being a mere 0.03°C, that all six years are virtually tied.Even for a near record-breaking year like 2010 the broader context is more important than a single year. \"Certainly, it is interesting that 2010 was so warm despite the presence of a La Niña and a remarkably inactive sun, two factors that have a cooling influence on the planet, but far more important than any particular year's ranking are the decadal trends,\" Hansen said. || ", "hits": 114 }, { "id": 10634, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10634/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2010-09-07T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Wildfire and Pine Beetles", "description": "Mountain pine beetles are native to Western forests, but in recent years their numbers have skyrocketed. As they damage more trees and kill whole regions of forest, some worry that the dead forest left behind has become a tinderbox ready to burn. But do pine beetles really increase fire risk?Using Landsat satellite data, University of Wisconsin forest ecologist Phil Townsend and his team are discovering that pine beetle damage appears not to have a significant impact in the risk of large fires. In fact, it might even reduce fire risk in some instances. || ", "hits": 25 }, { "id": 3764, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3764/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-08-19T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "How Much Carbon do Plants Take from the Atmosphere?", "description": "Plant life converts atmospheric carbon dioxide into biomass through photosynthesis, a process called 'fixing'. This is one of the main ways in which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere and is a major part of the carbon cycle. The amount of carbon removed is called the gross primary productivity (GPP), and the change in GPP due to rising global temperatures is very important factor in the response of the Earth to climate change.Data from the MODIS instrument on NASA's Terra satellite has been recently used to calculate the GPP for the whole world for the last 10 years. This animation shows a time sequence of GPP on land as measured by MODIS during the years 2000 through 2009. Two things to note are the year-long productivity of the tropical regions and the large seasonal productivity in the northern hemisphere. A close look at the animation also reveals major urban areas for which the productivity is negligible.For a look at why the decade from 2000 through 2009 meant lower productivity, see the page 'How has the Atmospheric Carbon Uptake from Plants Changed in the Last Decade?' || ", "hits": 261 }, { "id": 3765, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3765/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-08-19T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "How has the Atmospheric Carbon Uptake from Plants Changed in the Last Decade?", "description": "Plant life converts atmospheric carbon dioxide into biomass through photosynthesis. This process, called fixing, is one of the main ways in which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere and is a major part of the carbon cycle. Plants release a fraction of this fixed carbon by respiration in order to get energy to live and to move carbon to other organs. The amount of carbon removed minus the amount of carbon respired is called the net primary productivity (NPP) and is the amount of carbon turned into biomass.The change in NPP due to rising global temperatures is a very important factor in the response of the Earth to climate change. Measurements of radiation and leaf area from the MODIS instrument on NASA's Terra satellite have recently been used to calculate the change in NPP for the whole world for the last 10 years. This animation shows a time sequence of annual NPP deviation from normal (or 'anomaly') on land as measured by MODIS during the years 2000 through 2009. Annual NPP, especially its departures from a long-term mean condition, will demonstrate the effects of environmental drivers such as ENSO (El Niño) events, climate change, droughts, pollution episodes, land degradation, and agricultural expansion.Earlier studies of productivity between 1982 and 1999 showed that prouctivity went up as global temperatures rose, because longer, warmer growing seasons were better for plant growth. This new study indicates that this is still true in the northern hemisphere, but that increased temperatures have meant increased drought and dryness in the tropics and the southern hemisphere. As a result, the global net productivity has actually decreased in the period from 2000 through 2009.Regionally, negative annual NPP anomalies were mainly caused by large-scale droughts. In 2000, droughts reduced NPP in North America and China; in 2002, droughts reduced NPP in North America and Australia; in 2003, drought caused by a major heat wave reduced NPP in Europe; in 2005, severe droughts in the Amazon, Africa, and Australia greatly reduced both regional and global NPP; from 2007 through 2009 over large parts of Australia, continuous droughts reduced continental NPP.For an animation of daily productivity, see the page How Much Carbon do Plants Take from the Atmosphere?. || ", "hits": 140 }, { "id": 10630, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10630/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2010-08-19T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "Plant Productivity in a Warming World", "description": "The past decade is the warmest on record since instrumental measurements began in the 1880s. Previous research suggested that in the '80s and '90s, warmer global temperatures and higher levels of precipitation — factors associated with climate change — were generally good for plant productivity. An updated analysis published this week in Science indicates that as temperatures have continued to rise, the benefits to plants are now overwhelmed by longer and more frequent droughts. High-resolution data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, or MODIS, indicate a net decrease in NPP from 2000-2009, as compared to the previous two decades. || ", "hits": 25 }, { "id": 3707, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3707/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-05-01T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Five Spheres - Land Changes through NDVI", "description": "Satellite data can be used to monitor the health of plant life from space. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) provides a simple numerical indicator of the health of vegetation which can be used to monitoring changes in vegetation over time. This animation shows the seasonal changes in vegetation by fading between average monthly NDVI data from 2004. This animation of land changes is match framed to animation id a003708, a003709, a003710, and a003711. || ", "hits": 134 }, { "id": 3709, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3709/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-05-01T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Five Spheres - Biosphere", "description": "Satellite data can be used to monitor the health of the biosphere from space. This animation of seasonal changes to the biosphere is match framed to animation entries 3707, 3708, 3710, and 3711. The SeaWiFS instrument is carried aboard the satellite OrbView-2, providing important information about the oceans, the land, and the life within them. On land, the dark greens show where there is abundant vegetation and tans show relatively sparse plant cover. In the oceans, red, yellow, and green pixels show dense phytoplankton blooms, those regions of the ocean that are the most productive over time, while blues and purples show where there is very little of the microscopic marine plants called phytoplankton. For most of the world's oceans, the most important things that influence its color are phytoplankton. Phytoplankton are very small, single-celled plants, generally smaller than the size of a pinhead that contain a green pigment called chlorophyll. All plants (on land and in the ocean) use chlorophyll to capture energy from the sun and through the process known as photosynthesis convert water and carbon dioxide into new plant material and oxygen. Although microscopic, phytoplankton can bloom in such large numbers that they can change the color of the ocean to such a degree that we can measure that change from space. The basic principle behind the remote sensing of ocean color from space is this: the more phytoplankton in the water, the greener it is...the less phytoplankton, the bluer it is. For more information, visit http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/SeaWiFS/. || ", "hits": 167 }, { "id": 3685, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3685/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-03-15T23:00:00-04:00", "title": "Aqua/AIRS Carbon Dioxide, 2002-2009, With Mauna Loa Carbon Dioxide Graph", "description": "This visualization is a time-series of the global distribution and variation of the concentration of mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA Aqua spacecraft. For comparison, it is overlain by a graph of the seasonal variation and interannual increase of carbon dioxide observed at the Mauna Loa, Hawaii observatory. The AIRS data show the average concentration (parts per million) over an altitude range of 3 km to 13 km, whereas the Mauna Loa data show the concentration at an altitude of 3.4 km and its annual increase at a rate of approximately 2 parts per million (ppm) per year. The two most notable features of this visualization are the seasonal variation of CO2 and the trend of increase in its concentration from year to year. The global map clearly shows that the CO2 in the northern hemisphere peaks in April-May and then drops to a minimum in September-October. Although the seasonal cycle is less pronounced in the southern hemisphere it is opposite to that in the northern hemisphere. This seasonal cycle is governed by the growth cycle of plants. The northern hemisphere has the majority of the land masses, and so the amplitude of the cycle is greater in that hemisphere. The overall color of the map shifts toward the red with advancing time due to the annual increase of CO2. Although the mid-latitude jet streams are not visible in the map, we can see their influence upon the distribution of CO2 around the globe. These rivers of air occur at an altitude of about 5 km and rapidly transport CO2 around the globe at that altitude. In the northern hemisphere, the mid-latitude jet stream squirms like a released garden hose over the period of a few days due to the continental landmasses. In the southern hemisphere the jet stream flow is more directly West to East, and during the period from July to October the CO2 concentration is enhanced in a belt delineated by the jet stream and lofting of CO2 into the free troposphere by the high Andes is visible in this period. The zonal flow of CO2 around the globe at the latitude of South Africa, southern Australia and southern South America is readily apparent. Eastward flow of CO2 from Indonesia and the Celebes sea can be seen in the November to February time frame. || ", "hits": 136 }, { "id": 3684, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3684/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-03-03T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Five-Year Average Global Temperature Anomalies from 1881 to 2009 for Science On a Sphere", "description": "Each year, scientists at NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies analyze global temperature data. The past year, 2009, tied as the second warmest year in the 130 years of global instrumental temperature records, in the surface temperature analysis of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS). The Southern Hemisphere set a record as the warmest year for that half of the world. Global mean temperature, was 0.57°C (1.0°F) warmer than climatology (the 1951-1980 base period). Southern Hemisphere mean temperature was 0.49°C (0.88°F) warmer than in the period of climatology. The global record warm year, in the period of near-global instrumental measurements (since the late 1800s), was 2005. This color-coded map displays a long term progression of changing global surface temperatures, from 1881 to 2009. Dark red indicates the greatest warming and dark blue indicates the greatest cooling. For more information on the data used to generate these images, please see http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp. || ", "hits": 94 }, { "id": 3674, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3674/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-01-27T13:00:00-05:00", "title": "Five-Year Average Global Temperature Anomalies from 1881 to 2009", "description": "Each year, scientists at NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies analyze global temperature data. The past year, 2009, tied as the second warmest year in the 130 years of global instrumental temperature records, in the surface temperature analysis of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS). The Southern Hemisphere set a record as the warmest year for that half of the world. Global mean temperature, was 0.57°C (1.0°F) warmer than climatology (the 1951-1980 base period). Southern Hemisphere mean temperature was 0.49°C (0.88°F) warmer than in the period of climatology. The global record warm year, in the period of near-global instrumental measurements (since the late 1800s), was 2005. This color-coded map displays a long term progression of changing global surface temperatures, from 1881 to 2009. Dark red indicates the greatest warming and dark blue indicates the greatest cooling. For more information on the data used to generate these images, please see http://giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/ || ", "hits": 27 }, { "id": 3675, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3675/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-01-26T14:00:00-05:00", "title": "Ten-Year Average Global Temperature Anomaly Image from 2000 to 2009", "description": "There is a high degree of interannual (year-to-year) and decadal variability in both global and hemispheric temperatures. Underlying this variability, however, is a long-term warming trend that has become strong and persistent over the past three decades. The long-term trends are more apparent when temperature is averaged over several years. This image represents the 10 year average temperatures anomaly data from 2000 through 2009. || ", "hits": 78 }, { "id": 10497, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10497/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2009-10-12T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "The Ocean's Green Machines", "description": "One tiny marine plant makes life on Earth possible: phytoplankton. These microscopic photosynthetic drifters form the basis of the marine food web, they regulate carbon in the atmosphere, and are responsible for half of the photosynthesis that takes place on this planet. Earth's climate is changing at an unprecedented rate, and as our home planet warms, so does the ocean. Warming waters have big consequences for phytoplankton and for the planet. For complete transcript, click here. || Oceans_Green_Machines_640x480_ESWpage.00427_print.jpg (1024x576) [65.8 KB] || Oceans_Green_Machines_640x480_ESWpage_web.png (320x180) [135.9 KB] || Oceans_Green_Machines_640x480_ESWpage_thm.png (80x40) [15.0 KB] || Oceans_Green_Machines_AppleTV.webmhd.webm (960x540) [80.8 MB] || Oceans_Green_Machines_1280x720_ProRes.mov (1280x720) [4.9 GB] || Oceans_Green_Machines_1280x720_H264.mov (1280x720) [176.1 MB] || Oceans_Green_Machines_1280x720_ESWpage.mp4 (1280x720) [115.8 MB] || Oceans_Green_Machines_AppleTV.m4v (960x540) [195.1 MB] || Oceans_Green_Machines_640x360_ipod.m4v (640x360) [62.2 MB] || Oceans_Green_Machines_640x480_ESWpage.mp4 (640x360) [62.2 MB] || Oceans_Green_Machines_512x288.mpg (512x288) [113.3 MB] || Oceans_Green_Machines_320x180.mp4 (320x180) [27.7 MB] || Oceans_Green_Machines.wmv (320x176) [37.8 MB] || ", "hits": 152 }, { "id": 10498, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10498/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2009-10-12T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Keeping Up With Carbon", "description": "Carbon is all around us. This unique atom is the basic building block of life, and its compounds form solids, liquids, or gases. Carbon helps form the bodies of living organisms; it dissolves in the ocean; mixes in the atmosphere; and can be stored in the crust of the planet. A carbon atom could spend millions of years moving through this complex cycle. The ocean plays the most critical role in regulating Earth's carbon balance, and understanding how the carbon cycle is changing is key to understanding Earth's changing climate. For complete transcript, click here. || Keeping_Up_with_Carbon_640x360_ESWpage.00577_print.jpg (1024x576) [71.2 KB] || Keeping_Up_with_Carbon_640x360_ESWpage_web.png (320x180) [128.6 KB] || Keeping_Up_with_Carbon_640x360_ESWpage_thm.png (80x40) [13.9 KB] || Keeping_Up_with_Carbon_AppleTV.webmhd.webm (960x540) [84.1 MB] || Keeping_Up_with_Carbon_1280x720_ProRes.mov (1280x720) [5.1 GB] || Keeping_Up_with_Carbon_1280x720_H264.mov (1280x720) [159.3 MB] || Keeping_Up_with_Carbon_1280x720_ESWpage.mp4 (1280x720) [133.5 MB] || Keeping_Up_with_Carbon_AppleTV.m4v (960x540) [201.6 MB] || Keeping_Up_with_Carbon_640x360_ipod.m4v (640x360) [63.2 MB] || Keeping_Up_with_Carbon_640x360_ESWpage.mp4 (640x360) [63.2 MB] || Keeping_Up_with_Carbon_512x288.mpg (512x288) [123.9 MB] || Keeping_Up_with_Carbon_320x180.mp4 (320x180) [26.0 MB] || Keeping_Up_with_Carbon.wmv (320x176) [39.0 MB] || ", "hits": 233 }, { "id": 3638, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3638/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-10-09T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Correlation Between Tropospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Seasonal Variation of the Biosphere", "description": "This animation shows the correspondence between the drawdown of tropospheric carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere, and the seasonal variation of the biosphere of the earth. The pattern of white squares indicates regions where the concentration of tropospheric CO2 is higher than the trend, while regions devoid of the squares are areas where the CO2 concentrations are lower than the trend. The trend was calculated by a least-squares line fit to a moving 8-day global average of CO2 concentration provided by the AIRS instrument on the Aqua satellite, and increases over the course of the animation (Sept. 2002-Sept. 2006) from 374 ppm to 383 ppm. The biosphere data is provided by the SeaWiFS instrument aboard the SeaStar satellite.During spring and summer months, the consumption of CO2 through plant respiration increases, reducing the concentration of CO2 (the white squares) over the more productive areas. In the animation, this is seen as a tendency for the CO2 concentration to drop below the trend over areas of deeper green. The cycle is especially apparent in the Northern Hemisphere. || ", "hits": 188 }, { "id": 10495, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10495/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2009-10-09T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Marine Food Web", "description": "This conceptual animation illustrates some of the ecological pathways between species within the marine ecosystem. Single-celled microscopic plants called phytoplankton float in the upper ocean. These photosynthetic plants form the foundation of the marine food web, and nearly all life in the ocean depend upon them for survival, including microscopic zooplankton and whales. || foodweb_0701.00702_print.jpg (1024x563) [49.3 KB] || foodweb_0701_web.png (320x180) [162.0 KB] || foodweb_0701_thm.png (80x40) [11.1 KB] || MarineFoodWeb_appletv.webmhd.webm (960x540) [3.8 MB] || 1280x720_16x9_30p (1280x720) [32.0 KB] || MarineFoodWeb_appletv.m4v (960x540) [9.7 MB] || MarineFoodWeb_h264.mov (1280x720) [12.3 MB] || MarineFoodWeb_prores.mov (1280x720) [436.5 MB] || MarineFoodWeb_ipod.m4v (640x360) [5.3 MB] || foodweb.mp4 (320x176) [3.7 MB] || ", "hits": 199 }, { "id": 3641, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3641/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-10-08T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Rotating Phytoplankton 10-year Global Average", "description": "The SeaWiFS instrument aboard the SeaStar satellite has been collecting ocean data since 1997. By monitoring the color of reflected light via satellite, scientists can determine how successfully plant life is photosynthesizing. A measurement of photosynthesis is essentially a measurement of successful growth, and growth means successful use of ambient carbon. This animation displays the 10-year global average of nearly a decade's worth of data taken by the SeaWiFS instrument, showing the abundance of life in the sea. Dark blue represents warmer areas where there is little life due to lack of nutrients, and greens and reds represent cooler nutrient-rich areas. || ", "hits": 26 }, { "id": 3642, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3642/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-10-08T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Regions Exhibiting Decreased Phytoplankton Levels and Increased Sea Surface Temperatures", "description": "Throughout most of Earth's ocean, as the surface layer of the ocean warms, the water becomes less dense and forms a cap, rather than mixing down to allow cooler, nutrient-rich water to well up. Over time, areas with less mixing show reduced productivity and less phytoplankton. This data visualization highlights regions where a strong correlation between high sea surface temperatures and decreased phytoplankton productivity occurred from 1997-2006. For nearly a decade, the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) has been making global observations of phytoplankton productivity. On December 6, 2006, NASA-funded scientists announced that warming sea surface temperatures over the past decade have caused a global decline in phytoplankton productivity. || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 3653, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3653/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-10-08T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Five-Year Average Global Temperature Anomalies for 1888,1918,1948,1978, 2008", "description": "Each year, scientists at NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies analyze global temperature data. A rapid warming trend has occurred over the past 30 years. Calendar year 2008 was the coolest year since 2000, according to the Goddard Institute for Space Studies analysis of surface air temperature measurements. In this analysis, 2008 is the ninth warmest year in the period of instrumental measurements, which extends back to 1881. 2005 is the hottest year on record, and 2007 is tied with 1998 for second place. The Earth is experiencing the warmest level of the current interglacial period, or interval between ice ages, which has lasted nearly 12,000 years. This color-coded map displays a long term progression of changing global surface temperatures, from 1881 to 2008. Dark red indicates the greatest warming and dark blue indicates the greatest cooling. || ", "hits": 137 }, { "id": 3649, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3649/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-10-06T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Food Consumers versus Food Producers", "description": "The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to strengthen collaboration. In support of this collaboration, NASA and the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) jointly funded a new project to assimilate NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and products into an existing decision support system (DSS) operated by the International Production Assessment Division (IPAD) of FAS. To meet its objectives, FAS/IPAD uses satellite data and data products to monitor agriculture worldwide and to locate and keep track of natural disasters such as short and long term droughts, floods and persistent snow cover which impair agricultural productivity. FAS is the largest user of satellite imagery in the non-military sector of the U.S. government. For the last 20 years FAS has used a combination of Landsat and NOAA-AVHRR satellite data to monitor crop condition and report on episodic events. || ", "hits": 11 }, { "id": 3650, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3650/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-10-06T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Food Insecure Countries", "description": "The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to strengthen collaboration. In support of this collaboration, NASA and the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) jointly funded a new project to assimilate NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and products into an existing decision support system (DSS) operated by the International Production Assessment Division (IPAD) of FAS. To meet its objectives, FAS/IPAD uses satellite data and data products to monitor agriculture worldwide and to locate and keep track of natural disasters such as short and long term droughts, floods and persistent snow cover which impair agricultural productivity. FAS is the largest user of satellite imagery in the non-military sector of the U.S. government. For the last 20 years FAS has used a combination of Landsat and NOAA-AVHRR satellite data to monitor crop condition and report on episodic events. Food security in 70 developing countries is projected to deteriorate over the next decade, according to USDA's Economic Research Service. After rising nearly 11 percent from 2007 to 2008, the number of food-insecure people in the developing countries analyzed by ERS researchers is estimated to rise to 833 million in 2009, an almost 2-percent rise from 2008 to 2009. Despite a decline in food prices in late 2008, deteriorating purchasing power and food security are expected in 2009 because of the growing financial deficits and higher inflation that have occurred in recent years. Food-insecure people are defined as those consuming less than the nutritional target of 2,100 calories per day per person. || ", "hits": 13 }, { "id": 3629, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3629/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-10-05T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Crop Intensity", "description": "The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to strengthen collaboration. In support of this collaboration, NASA and the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) jointly funded a new project to assimilate NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and products into an existing decision support system (DSS) operated by the International Production Assessment Division (IPAD) of FAS. To meet its objectives, FAS/IPAD uses satellite data and data products to monitor agriculture worldwide and to locate and keep track of natural disasters such as short and long term droughts, floods and persistent snow cover which impair agricultural productivity. FAS is the largest user of satellite imagery in the non-military sector of the U.S. government. For the last 20 years FAS has used a combination of Landsat and NOAA-AVHRR satellite data to monitor crop condition and report on episodic events.To successfully monitor worldwide agricultural regions and provide accurate agricultural production assessments, it is important to understand the spatial distribution of croplands. To do this a global croplands mask to identify all sites used for crop production. Croplands are highly variable both temporally and spatially. Croplands vary from year to year due to events such as drought and fallow periods, and they vastly differ across the globe in accordance with characteristics such as cropping intensity and field size. A flexible crop likelihood mask is used to help depict these varying characteristics of global crop cover. Regions featuring intensive agro-industrial farming practices such as the Maize Triangle in South Africa will have higher confidence values in the crop mask as compared to less intensively farmed regions in parts of Sub-Saharan Africa where cropland identification is partly confounded with natural background vegetation phenologies. Thus, a customized threshold can be employed to examine areas of varying cropping intensification. || ", "hits": 50 }, { "id": 3646, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3646/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-10-05T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "2009 Crop Intensity, 2009 Producers, and 2050 Projected Population", "description": "The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to strengthen collaboration. In support of this collaboration, NASA and the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) jointly funded a new project to assimilate NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and products into an existing decision support system (DSS) operated by the International Production Assessment Division (IPAD) of FAS. To meet its objectives, FAS/IPAD uses satellite data and data products to monitor agriculture worldwide and to locate and keep track of natural disasters such as short and long term droughts, floods and persistent snow cover which impair agricultural productivity. FAS is the largest user of satellite imagery in the non-military sector of the U.S. government. For the last 20 years FAS has used a combination of Landsat and NOAA-AVHRR satellite data to monitor crop condition and report on episodic events.To successfully monitor worldwide agricultural regions and provide accurate agricultural production assessments, it is important to understand the spatial distribution of croplands. To do this a global croplands mask to identify all sites used for crop production. Croplands are highly variable both temporally and spatially. Croplands vary from year to year due to events such as drought and fallow periods, and they vastly differ across the globe in accordance with characteristics such as cropping intensity and field size. A flexible crop likelihood mask is used to help depict these varying characteristics of global crop cover. Regions featuring intensive agro-industrial farming practices such as the Maize Triangle in South Africa will have higher confidence values in the crop mask as compared to less intensively farmed regions in parts of Sub-Saharan Africa where cropland identification is partly confounded with natural background vegetation phenologies. Thus, a customized threshold can be employed to examine areas of varying cropping intensification. || ", "hits": 10 }, { "id": 3624, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3624/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-09-13T01:00:00-04:00", "title": "2008 Northern Australia Fire Observations", "description": "The data used to generate this animation were collected by the NASA MODIS intrument. Data are collected four times per day using two satellite platforms. The instrument design included the capability to identify active fires sensing in the middle infrared part of the spectrum. The fire data used in the animation were generated by the MODIS advanced processing system at NASA. The MODIS Global Fire data are available free of charge and within a few hours of satellite acquisition. The fire data are used by scientists and fire managers around the world. The fires that these data show include - savanna fires, wildfires, managed fires, agricultural fires, and thermal anomalies associated with power plants or gas flares. Fires occur around the world at different times of the year. MODIS is entering its 10th year of data collection and we are using the data to study the global distribution of fires and document changed in fire regimes due to climate or land use change. These fire data are used by Australian fire managers and scientists. Dr Chris Justice and the MODIS team participated in the NAILSMA experiment. NAILSMA was commissioned by the Northern Australia Land and Water Taskforce to convene a forum to bring together key Indigenous water experts from across the north of Australia to discuss their water interests and issues. This part of Northern Australia is an important area in terms of biodiversity and fire is an integral ecosystem process. We are interested in applying these data and other data from the MODIS instrument to better understand the occurence of fire and its characteristics in the Northern Territories with respect to emissions of trace gases into the atmosphere an the imacts of fire on the ecosystem. || ", "hits": 26 }, { "id": 3625, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3625/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-08-26T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Honey Bees Weigh In on Climate", "description": "This animation illustrates the relationship between the annual vegetation cycle and seasonal variations in the weights of honey bee hives. The weight of a hive increases in the spring as bees bring back nectar from flowering plants. The change in hive weight over time can be compared with satellite measurements of vegetation. Tracking a large number of hives this way can reveal the effects of changing climate and land use on the interaction of plants and pollinators. Data from this hive in Highland, Maryland and others suggests that for some locations in the U.S., spring is arriving earlier by as much as half a day per year, probably due to a combination of climate and the warming effect of urbanization.This animation has been incorporated into the video \"Feeling the Sting of Climate Change,\" which provides more background and introduces HoneyBeeNet, a central repository for hive weight data from across the U.S. || ", "hits": 95 }, { "id": 10481, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10481/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2009-08-25T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Feeling the Sting of Climate Change", "description": "NASA research scientist Wayne Esaias uses honey bees as tiny data collectors to understand how climate change is affecting pollination. His citizen-scientist project, HoneyBeeNet, compares bee data from across North America to satellite imagery in order to gain a big-picture perspective of how our warming climate is affecting both plants and pollinators. || ", "hits": 46 }, { "id": 10482, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10482/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2009-08-20T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Honey Bees and Climate Change Animations", "description": "Flowering plants rely on pollinators like honey bees to reproduce. Honey bees, in turn, rely on flowering plants for food - in the form on nectar and pollen. The two animations below illustrate how an earlier springtime could cause plants and pollinators to shift out of sync. To see the video \"Feeling the Sting of Climate Change\" that these animations were created for, visit entry #10481 || ", "hits": 118 }, { "id": 3601, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3601/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-06-27T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Global Agricultural Monitoring", "description": "The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to strengthen collaboration. In support of this collaboration, NASA and the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) jointly funded a new project to assimilate NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and products into an existing decision support system (DSS) operated by the International Production Assessment Division (IPAD) of FAS. To meet its objectives, FAS/IPAD uses satellite data and data products to monitor agriculture worldwide and to locate and keep track of natural disasters such as short and long term droughts, floods and persistent snow cover which impair agricultural productivity. FAS is the largest user of satellite imagery in the non-military sector of the U.S. government. For the last 20 years FAS has used a combination of Landsat and NOAA-AVHRR satellite data to monitor crop condition and report on episodic events. || ", "hits": 26 }, { "id": 3598, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3598/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-06-24T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Monitoring Agricultural Production from Space", "description": "Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) maps allow comparisons of the spatial and temporal variability in the amount and condition of vegetation. The time series satellite derived NDVI was used to monitor and analyze changes in vegetation patterns in the major wheat production domain area in Australia. The NDVI comparison was done during the growing season, April through November, for 2002, 2005, and 2006 and it found that significant differences in vegetation growth production. These data and utilities are fundamental for crop yield forecasts and can serve as an early warning system for regions suffering from crop loss and food shortages. Wheat is Australia's most important crop, with a seasonal gross value approaching 3 billion Australian dollars. Australia contributes between and 8 and 15% of world's wheat trade, making it the fourth largest exporter after the United States, Canada and the European Union. Severe drought in Australia not only decimating crops, but it also curtails exports and causes major price and trade impacts on global markets. In 2006, wheat exports dropped by a third from the year before which caused worldwide prices to soar to the highest levels in a decade. || ", "hits": 31 }, { "id": 3597, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3597/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-06-13T01:00:00-04:00", "title": "Fire Observations - As the World Turns", "description": "From space, we can understand fires in ways that are impossible from the ground. NASA research has contributed to much improved detection of fire for scientific purposes using satellite remote sensing and geographic information systems. This has helped advance our understanding of the impacts of fire in many areas of earth science, including atmospheric chemistry and the impacts on protected areas. This research has led to the development of a rapid response system widely used throughout the world for both natural resource management and for firefighting by providing near real-time information. In this animation of fires around the globe in 2007, each red dot marks a new fire. From brush fires in Africa to forest fires in North America, satellites are locating every significant fire on Earth to within one kilometer. More information on the Fire Information for Resource Management (FIRMS) is available at http://maps.geog.umd.edu/firms/ || ", "hits": 10 }, { "id": 3580, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3580/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-05-28T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Stresses on Global Phytoplankton Revealed by MODIS", "description": "All plants absorb energy from the sun, typically more than the plant can consume through the process of photosynthesis. The extra energy is mostly released as heat as the plants respirate oxygen and water vapor. But a fraction of that energy is re-emitted as fluorescent light, particularly in red wavelengths. MODIS is the first instrument to observe this signal on a global scale.Red-light fluorescence says something about the physiology of plants and the efficiency of photosynthesis, as different parts of the plant's energy-harnessing machinery are activated based on the amount of light and nutrients available. The amount of fluorescence increases when plants are under stress from a lack of iron, a critical nutrient in the sea. When water is iron-poor, plants slow their growing processes and struggle to dissipate excess solar energy that cannot be used in photosynthesis. The fluorescence data from MODIS gives scientists a tool to see where waters are iron-enriched or iron-limited, and where plankton might flourish or not. Iron is typically picked up by winds blowing dust from deserts and other arid areas, and by river plumes and island currents. || ", "hits": 69 }, { "id": 3596, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3596/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-04-21T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Five-Year Average Global Temperature Anomalies from 1881 to 2008 for Science On a Sphere", "description": "Each year, scientists at NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies analyze global temperature data. A rapid warming trend has occurred over the past 30 years. Calendar year 2008 was the coolest year since 2000, according to the Goddard Institute for Space Studies analysis of surface air temperature measurements. In this analysis, 2008 is the ninth warmest year in the period of instrumental measurements, which extends back to 1881. 2005 is the hottest year on record, and 2007 is tied with 1998 for second place. The Earth is experiencing the warmest level of the current interglacial period, or interval between ice ages, which has lasted nearly 12,000 years. This color-coded map displays a long term progression of changing global surface temperatures, from 1881 to 2008. Dark red indicates the greatest warming and dark blue indicates the greatest cooling. || ", "hits": 78 }, { "id": 3585, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3585/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-03-16T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Stereoscopic SeaWiFS Biosphere Global Rotation: 1997-2006", "description": "The SeaWiFS instrument aboard the SeaStar satellite has been collecting ocean data since 1997. By monitoring the color of reflected light via satellite, scientists can determine how successfully plant life is photosynthesizing. A measurement of photosynthesis is essentially a measurement of successful growth, and growth means successful use of ambient carbon.This animation represents nearly a decade's worth of data taken by the SeaWiFS instrument, showing the abundance of life in the sea. This time period repeats twice during the animation. Dark blue represents warmer areas where there is little life due to lack of nutrients, and greens and reds represent cooler nutrient-rich areas. The nutrient-rich areas include coastal regions where cold water rises from the sea floor bringing nutrients along and areas at the mouths of rivers where the rivers have brought nutrients into the ocean from the land. The nutrient-rich waters contribute to some of the oxygen-poor pockets of the seas called dead zones.This visualization is a stereoscopic version of animation entry: #3420:SeaWiFS Biosphere Global Rotation from 1997 to 2006 || ", "hits": 35 }, { "id": 3490, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3490/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2008-01-16T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Five-Year Average Global Temperature Anomalies from 1881 to 2007", "description": "Each year, scientists at NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies analyze global temperature data. A rapid warming trend has occurred over the past 30 years, and the eight hottest years on the GISS record have occurred in the past decade. 2005 is the hottest year on record, and 2007 is tied with 1998 for second place. The Earth is experiencing the warmest level of the current interglacial period, or interval between ice ages, which has lasted nearly 12,000 years. This color-coded map displays a long term progression of changing global surface temperatures, from 1881 to 2007. Dark red indicates the greatest warming and dark blue indicates the greatest cooling. || ", "hits": 49 }, { "id": 3454, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3454/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2007-11-05T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "SeaWiFS Biosphere Data over the North Pacific", "description": "The SeaWiFS instrument aboard the Seastar satellite has been collecting ocean data since 1997. By monitoring the color of reflected light via satellite, scientists can determine how successfully plant life is photosynthesizing. A measurement of photosynthesis is essentially a measurement of successful growth, and growth means successful use of ambient carbon. This animation represents nearly a decade's worth of data taken by the SeaWiFS instrument, showing the abundance of life in the sea. Dark blue represents warmer areas where there is little life due to lack of nutrients, and greens and reds represent cooler nutrient-rich areas. The nutrient-rich areas include coastal regions where cold water rises from the sea floor bringing nutrients along and areas at the mouths of rivers where the rivers have brought nutrients into the ocean from the land. || ", "hits": 23 }, { "id": 3471, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3471/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2007-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "SeaWiFS Biosphere Data over the North Pacific (Slow Version)", "description": "The SeaWiFS instrument aboard the Seastar satellite has been collecting ocean data since 1997. By monitoring the color of reflected light via satellite, scientists can determine how successfully plant life is photosynthesizing. A measurement of photosynthesis is essentially a measurement of successful growth, and growth means successful use of ambient carbon. This animation represents nearly a decade's worth of data taken by the SeaWiFS instrument, showing the abundance of life in the sea. Dark blue represents warmer areas where there is little life due to lack of nutrients, and greens and reds represent cooler nutrient-rich areas. The nutrient-rich areas include coastal regions where cold water rises from the sea floor bringing nutrients along and areas at the mouths of rivers where the rivers have brought nutrients into the ocean from the land.This animation is essentially the same as animation #3454 with a few minor changes and runs at a slower speed. || ", "hits": 9 }, { "id": 3494, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3494/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2007-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "SeaWiFS Biosphere Data over Australia", "description": "The SeaWiFS instrument aboard the Seastar satellite has been collecting ocean data since 1997. By monitoring the color of reflected light via satellite, scientists can determine how successfully plant life is photosynthesizing. A measurement of photosynthesis is essentially a measurement of successful growth, and growth means successful use of ambient carbon. This animation represents nearly a decade's worth of data taken by the SeaWiFS instrument, showing the abundance of life in the sea. Dark blue represents warmer areas where there is little life due to lack of nutrients, and greens and reds represent cooler nutrient-rich areas. The nutrient-rich areas include coastal regions where cold water rises from the sea floor bringing nutrients along and areas at the mouths of rivers where the rivers have brought nutrients into the ocean from the land. || ", "hits": 16 }, { "id": 3459, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3459/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2007-09-15T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Multivariate ENSO Index Correlation with Ocean Net Primary Production Data over the North Atlantic", "description": "The SeaWiFS instrument aboard the Seastar satellite has been collecting ocean data since 1997. A check up of the Earth's planetary health reveals that the lowest rung in the ocean food chain is shrinking. For the past 20 years (early 1980s to present), phytoplankton concentrations declined as much as 30 percent in northern oceans. Scientists from NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and Oregon State University say warmer ocean temperatures and low winds may be depriving the tiny ocean plants of necessary nutrients. However, they still do not know if the loss of phytoplankton is a long-term trend or a climate oscillation. Scientists can monitor ocean and planetary health through phytoplankton. Since the whole ocean food chain depends on the health and productivity of phytoplankton, a significant change could indicate a shift in our climate. Phytoplankton consists of many diverse species of microscopic free-floating ocean plants that form the base of the ocean's food chain. These plants thrive on sunlight and nutrients. Limit either one and phytoplankton will not grow. This animation shows the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) in red and the net primary production NPP anomaly in units of Tgrams carbon per month in green. The MEI is a multivariate index that incorporates sea level pressure, surface zonal and meridional wind components, sea surface temperature, surface air temperature, and cloudiness (Wolter and Timlin, 1998). The MEI index is calculated for the tropical Pacific (i.e., between 10 degrees North and 10 degrees South, from Asia to the Americas) with units of kg m-3. The Net Primary Production (NPP) data was generated from the Vertically Generalized Production Model (VGPM). The VGPM data set is available at the following URL: http://web.science.oregonstate.eduocean.productivity/ . As the sea surface temperature warms, the production levels decrease. || ", "hits": 63 }, { "id": 3752, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3752/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2007-04-16T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Life's Signature Colors, Captured by Satellite", "description": "Think of Earth's great life forms and images of cheetahs, whales and dinosaurs come to mind. Towering redwood trees, majestic plains of grasses on Asian steppes: Earth's living glow fills the eye with diversity, resilience, and endless Darwinian invention.But arguably one of the most essential populations on Earth would have no chance if pitted against others in a contest based on looks alone. More than any other kind of life, the Earth lives and breathes because of the profound success of lowly phytoplankton.Phytoplankton is a broad, catch-all name for a wide category of simple organisms living primarily in the world's oceans. Floating in vast fields of billions of tiny individual plants, these essential life forms make up a colossal proportion of the Earth's total biomass. It's also vital to the overall web of life on Earth. Phytoplankton serves not only as the base of the aquatic food chain, but also as the principal source of atmospheric oxygen worldwide.As global climate continues to change, a complex set of forces begins to push and pull on the ability of phytoplankton populations to thrive. Changing global ocean temperatures have enormous influences, as does changing ocean chemistry. But while this may present itself as a subject of purely academic interest, phytoplankton populations may present one of the most vital bellwethers for practical changes beginning to take hold of a planet in transition.NASA's SeaWiFS spacecraft is one of the most powerful tools in keeping up with these trends. A small, low cost vehicle and instrument package, SeaWiFS monitors the colors of the world everyday. As a proxy for bioproductivity, color is the key to understanding how these oceanic lifeforms are faring...and changing. || ", "hits": 41 } ] }