{ "count": 59, "next": null, "previous": null, "results": [ { "id": 5436, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5436/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2025-07-04T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "DYAMOND Global Carbon Dioxide for Science On A Sphere", "description": "This is the Science-on-a-Sphere version of svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5196.SOS label file: dyamond_timestamps.txt ||", "hits": 79 }, { "id": 5447, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5447/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2025-01-02T15:09:00-05:00", "title": "Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentrations", "description": "A plot of global atmospheric carbon dioxide levels from the Mauna Loa Observatory and Antarctic Ice Cores. The visualization starts by showing the Mauna Loa data which begins in 1958. There is a seasonal variation (maximum in May and minimum in September) and a steady year over year rise. The graph transforms from the monthly view to a line plot (The Keeling Curve). Finally the graph zooms out to show the full 800,000 year record from the Antarcic Ice Cores.", "hits": 1502 }, { "id": 5333, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5333/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2024-10-07T09:00:00-04:00", "title": "DYAMOND Global Carbon Dioxide for Fulldome", "description": "Global CO2 ppm for January-March of 2020. 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The ISS includes the EMIT and OCO-3 instruments. As the satellites orbit, their respective ground tracks are drawn on the Earth in white and orange to show how global coverage accumulates over time. || ghg_fleet.00915_print.jpg (1024x576) [84.4 KB] || ghg_fleet.00915_searchweb.png (320x180) [44.4 KB] || ghg_fleet.00915_thm.png (80x40) [3.1 KB] || ghg_fleet_1080p60.mp4 (1920x1080) [14.0 MB] || ghg_fleet [0 Item(s)] || ghg_fleet_2160p60.mp4 (3840x2160) [53.5 MB] || ghg_fleet_2160p60.mp4.hwshow [183 bytes] || ", "hits": 224 }, { "id": 5234, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5234/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2024-03-12T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "AIRS Global Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) measurements (2002-October 2023)", "description": "Data visualization showing the global distribution and variation of the concentration of mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA Aqua spacecraft over a 20 year timespan.", "hits": 114 }, { "id": 5126, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5126/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2023-07-07T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index", "description": "This visualization of the NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index shows the relative warming contribution from various greenhouse gasses (1979-2023). 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Data visualization assets are designed for HD resolution. || co2airs_60South_1920x108030p.0779.png (1920x1080) [1.8 MB] || co2airs_60South_1920x108030p.0779_print.jpg (1024x576) [171.8 KB] || co2airs_60South_1920x108030p.mp4 (1920x1080) [31.8 MB] || 60South_exr (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || co2airs_60South_1920x108030p.webm (1920x1080) [3.0 MB] || co2airs_60South_1920x108030p.mp4.hwshow [194 bytes] || ", "hits": 75 }, { "id": 4990, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4990/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2022-05-28T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "20 years of AIRS Global Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) measurements (2002- March 2022)", "description": "Data visualization of global carbon dioxide (CO2) for the period September 2002-March 2022, showcasing data products from NASA's Aqua mission. Data visualization assets are designed for HD resolution. || co2airs_60South_1920x108030p.0771.png (1920x1080) [1.8 MB] || co2airs_60South_1920x1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [24.2 MB] || composite_60South (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || co2airs_60South_1920x1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [2.9 MB] || co2airs_60South_1920x1080p30.mp4.hwshow [228 bytes] || ", "hits": 81 }, { "id": 4983, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4983/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2022-04-11T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Global Carbon Dioxide 2020-2021 for Hyperwalls", "description": "This webpage provides a wide aspect ratio version of: Global Carbon Dioxide 2020-2021, released on November 2, 2021. This version has been created for wide aspect ratio display systems with resolution up to 9600x3240. It is recommended to use content from this version for display systems with 16:9 aspect ratio. || ", "hits": 76 }, { "id": 4962, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4962/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2022-01-12T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Concentration Increase of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)", "description": "Timeplot of increase of atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (CO2) concentrations relative to the pre-industrial CO2 long-term mean value of 278ppm. During 2021, atmospheric CO2 concentrations reached a record-level increase of 50% relative to pre-industrial CO2 levels. || CO2_Increase_1920x1080_30p.01509.png (1920x1080) [382.9 KB] || CO2_Increase_1920x1080_30p.01509_print.jpg (1024x576) [45.5 KB] || CarbonDioxide_Increase (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || CarbonDioxide_Increase_1920x1080_30p.mp4 (1920x1080) [5.4 MB] || CO2_Increase_1920x1080_30p.01509.tif (1920x1080) [7.9 MB] || CarbonDioxide_Increase_1920x1080_30p.webm (1920x1080) [5.9 MB] || CarbonDioxide_Increase_alpha (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || CarbonDioxide_Increase (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || CarbonDioxide_Increase_4K.mp4 (3840x2160) [31.1 MB] || CarbonDioxide_Increase_Alpha (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || ", "hits": 564 }, { "id": 4949, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4949/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2021-11-02T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Global Carbon Dioxide 2020-2021", "description": "Data visualization featuring volumetric carbon dioxide on a global scale for the period June 1, 2020 - July 31, 2021.Coming soon to our YouTube channel. || CO2Volumetric_1024x576_02582_print.jpg (1024x576) [90.6 KB] || CO2Volumetric_1024x576_02582.png (1024x576) [569.1 KB] || CO2Volumetric_1024x576_02582_searchweb.png (180x320) [60.0 KB] || CO2Volumetric_1024x576_02582_thm.png (80x40) [5.1 KB] || CO2Volumetric_1920x1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [65.3 MB] || CO2Volumetric_1920x1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [13.3 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || CO2Volumetric_3840x2160_30fps_02582.exr (3840x2160) [63.3 MB] || CO2Volumetric_3840x2160_30fps_02582.tif (3840x2160) [44.5 MB] || captions_silent.31831.en_US.srt [43 bytes] || CO2Volumetric_3840x2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [931.2 MB] || ", "hits": 97 }, { "id": 13979, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13979/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2021-11-01T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Climate Change Could Affect Global Agriculture within 10 Years", "description": "Average global crop yields for maize, or corn, may see a decrease of 24% by late century, with the declines becoming apparent by 2030, with high greenhouse gas emissions, according to a new NASA study. Wheat, in contrast, may see an uptick in crop yields by about 17%. The change in yields is due to the projected increases in temperature, shifts in rainfall patterns and elevated surface carbon dioxide concentrations due to human-caused greenhouse gas emissions, making it more difficult to grow maize in the tropics and expanding wheat’s growing range. || ", "hits": 119 }, { "id": 4890, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4890/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2021-04-02T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "GeoCarb Observes Greenhouse Gasses from Geosynchronous Orbit", "description": "GeoCarb and OCO-2 measuring carbon dioxide from space || geocarb_HD_FINAL.4662_print.jpg (1024x576) [49.8 KB] || geocarb_HD_FINAL.4662_searchweb.png (320x180) [32.3 KB] || geocarb_HD_FINAL.4662_thm.png (80x40) [2.9 KB] || geocarb_HD_FINAL_1080p59.94.mp4 (1920x1080) [43.1 MB] || geocarb_HD_FINAL_1080p29.97.mp4 (1920x1080) [41.3 MB] || geocarb_HD_FINAL_1080p59.94.webm (1920x1080) [19.9 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_60p (1920x1080) [1.0 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_60p (3840x2160) [1.0 MB] || 5780x3240_16x9_30p (5760x3240) [1.0 MB] || geocarb_4k_FINAL_2160p59.94.mp4 (3840x2160) [135.4 MB] || ", "hits": 43 }, { "id": 13781, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13781/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2020-12-10T14:00:00-05:00", "title": "Plants Are Struggling to Keep Up with Rising Carbon Dioxide Concentrations", "description": "Plants play a key role in mitigating climate change. The more carbon dioxide they absorb during photosynthesis, the less carbon dioxide remains trapped in the atmosphere where it can cause temperatures to rise. But scientists have identified an unsettling trend – 86% of land ecosystems globally are becoming progressively less efficient at absorbing the increasing levels of CO2 from the atmosphere. || ", "hits": 217 }, { "id": 13784, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13784/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2019-11-13T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Seasonal Variations in Oxygen at Gale Crater", "description": "For the first time in the history of space exploration, scientists have measured the seasonal changes in the gases that fill the air directly above the surface of Gale Crater on Mars. As a result, they noticed something baffling: oxygen, the gas many Earth creatures use to breathe, behaves in a way that so far scientists cannot explain through any known chemical processes. || ", "hits": 481 }, { "id": 20282, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20282/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2018-07-30T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "Terraforming the Martian Atmosphere", "description": "One of the challenges of terraforming Mars is to increase its atmospheric pressure, which is currently less than 1% that of Earth. The Martian polar caps, minerals, and soil could all provide sources of carbon dioxide and water to thicken the atmosphere. Unfortunately, a new study by the MAVEN science team finds that processing all sources available on Mars would only increase the pressure to about 7% that of Earth, far short of what is needed.Learn more about this finding. || ", "hits": 379 }, { "id": 12685, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12685/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2017-08-15T16:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth Expedition: Taking in Some Arctic Air", "description": "Last week, NASA's DC-8 plane flew over Alaska and Canada, measuring carbon dioxide and methane in the Arctic air. The plane carried five instruments to make these measurements for the Active Sensing of Carbon dioxide Emissions over Nights, Days and Seasons (ASCENDS) experiment.All part of NASA's Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE), the science team is studying how the Arctic is changing in a warming climate. || ", "hits": 26 }, { "id": 4565, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4565/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-05-04T19:00:00-04:00", "title": "Seasonal Changes in Carbon Dioxide", "description": "Narrated visualization showing seasonal drawdown in carbon dioxideThis video is also available on our YouTube channel. || co2_science_comp.0740_print.jpg (1024x576) [118.8 KB] || co2_science_comp.0740_searchweb.png (180x320) [75.9 KB] || co2_science_comp.0740_thm.png (80x40) [6.1 KB] || CO2_Science_001_DDMMYY.m4v (1280x720) [66.6 MB] || CO2_Science_001_DDMMYY.webmhd.webm (1080x606) [17.7 MB] || CO2_Science_001_MM.m4v (1280x720) [66.5 MB] || comp (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || CO2_Science_001_DDMMYY.mp4 (1920x1080) [147.8 MB] || CO2_Science_001_MM.mp4 (1920x1080) [147.9 MB] || CO2_Science.en_US.srt [1.7 KB] || CO2_Science.en_US.vtt [1.7 KB] || CO2_Science_001_DDMMYY.mov (1920x1080) [1.1 GB] || CO2_Science_001_MM.mov (1920x1080) [1.1 GB] || ", "hits": 581 }, { "id": 4514, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4514/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2016-12-13T14:00:00-05:00", "title": "Carbon Dioxide from GMAO using Assimilated OCO-2 Data", "description": "Carbon Dioxide from the GEOS-5 modelThis video is also available on our YouTube channel. || co2_30.with_labels.2000_print.jpg (1024x576) [90.1 KB] || co2_30.with_labels.2000_searchweb.png (180x320) [64.0 KB] || co2_30.with_labels.2000_thm.png (80x40) [5.9 KB] || co2_30.with_labels_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [75.6 MB] || co2_30.with_labels_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [11.3 MB] || co2_30.with_labels_360p30.mp4 (640x360) [12.2 MB] || final_no_dates (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || final_with_labels (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || co2_30.with_labels.key [77.8 MB] || co2_30.with_labels.pptx [77.4 MB] || co2_30.with_labels_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [306.7 MB] || co2_30.with_labels_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [192 bytes] || ", "hits": 95 }, { "id": 12445, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12445/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2016-12-13T11:30:00-05:00", "title": "Following Carbon Dioxide Through the Atmosphere", "description": "Carbon dioxide plays a significant role in trapping heat in Earth's atmosphere. The gas is released from human activities like burning fossil fuels, and the concentration of carbon dioxide moves and changes through the seasons. Using observations from NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) satellite, scientists developed a model of the behavior of carbon in the atmosphere from September 1, 2014 to August 31, 2015. Scientists can use models like this one to better understand and predict where concentrations of carbon dioxide could be especially high or low, based on activity on the ground. || ", "hits": 172 }, { "id": 4519, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4519/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2016-12-09T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Assimilation of OCO-2 Carbon Dioxide into the GEOS Simulation", "description": "This visualization starts by showing carbon dioxide values (colored squares) being measured by the OCO-2 sensor. Soon the total carbon dioxide from the GEOS global atmosphere simulation is shown under the OCO-2 data. Every six hours, the OCO-2 measurements are used to adjust the GEOS simulation values to agree with observed values at those locations, a process called data assimilation. In order to see this process, look for locations where OCO-2 values are shortly followed by local changes in the background data. Carbon dioxide is shown in parts per million by volume (ppmv).This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || ocogeoscomp.01560_print.jpg (1024x576) [98.7 KB] || ocogeoscomp.01560_searchweb.png (320x180) [64.2 KB] || ocogeoscomp.01560_thm.png (80x40) [5.8 KB] || ocogeoscomp-annotated_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [19.5 MB] || ocogeoscomp-annotated_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [108.6 MB] || ocogeoscomp_new_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [106.2 MB] || newannotated (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || newcomp (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || ocogeoscomp-annotated_4519.key [109.8 MB] || ocogeoscomp-annotated_4519.pptx [109.5 MB] || ocogeoscomp-annotated_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [336.7 MB] || ocogeoscomp_new_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [333.7 MB] || the-earth-observing-fleet-by-theme-aerosols-atmospheric-chemistry.hwshow [1.5 KB] || ocogeoscomp_new_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [218 bytes] || ", "hits": 151 }, { "id": 12066, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12066/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-11-20T15:00:00-05:00", "title": "Jeremy Werdell: Carbon and Climate Soundbite", "description": "Jeremy Werdell, oceanographer at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, discusses the importance of microscopic plankton in the global carbon cycle. With his colleagues, Jeremy is working to answer important questions about how much carbon dioxide the oceans are absorbing, and how that might change in the future.For complete transcript, click here.Music credit: Molecular by Mark Hawkins || Jeremy_Werdell_Poster-notext.jpg (1280x720) [202.1 KB] || Jeremy_Werdell_Poster-notext_searchweb.png (320x180) [67.1 KB] || Jeremy_Werdell_Poster-notext_thm.png (80x40) [14.4 KB] || 12066_Jeremy_Werdell_MASTER_prores.mov (1280x720) [633.4 MB] || 12066_Jeremy_Werdell_MASTER_youtube_hq.mov (1280x720) [185.2 MB] || Jeremy_Werdell_Carbon_Climate.mp4 (1280x720) [44.2 MB] || 12066_Jeremy_Werdell_MASTER_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [20.4 MB] || 12066_Jeremy_Werdell_MASTER.mpeg (1280x720) [146.5 MB] || 12066_Jeremy_Werdell_MASTER.webm (960x540) [17.5 MB] || 12066_Jeremy_Werdell_MASTER_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [20.4 MB] || 12066_Jeremy_Werdell-captions.en_US.srt [1015 bytes] || 12066_Jeremy_Werdell-captions.en_US.vtt [1.0 KB] || 12066_Jeremy_Werdell_MASTER_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [7.5 MB] || ", "hits": 33 }, { "id": 12057, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12057/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-11-19T18:00:00-05:00", "title": "Carbon Cycle Live Shots", "description": "Promo video featuring Dr. Carlos Del Castillo || Carlos_Promo_print.jpg (1024x576) [149.2 KB] || Carlos_Promo_searchweb.png (320x180) [97.6 KB] || Carlos_Promo_web.png (320x180) [97.6 KB] || Carlos_Promo_thm.png (80x40) [6.6 KB] || Carlos_Promo.webm (1280x720) [6.8 MB] || Carlos_Promo.mp4 (1280x720) [385.7 MB] || Carlos_Promo.mov (1280x720) [853.4 MB] || Carlos_Promo.en_US.srt [1.4 KB] || Carlos_Promo.en_US.vtt [1.3 KB] || ", "hits": 214 }, { "id": 4402, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4402/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-11-19T17:00:00-05:00", "title": "A Year of Global Carbon Dioxide Measurements", "description": "Mollweide projected animation of CO2 data from the OCO-2 mission. Data spans from September 2014 to August 2015. As the data cycles through the year, you can see an increase CO2 concentrations across the northern hemisphere going from winter to spring. Then in the summer, as vegetation reaches it's peak, there is a noticeable decline in CO2 concentration throughout the entire northern hemisphere. || global_oco2_flat4k.0700.mollweide_print.jpg (1024x512) [90.2 KB] || global_oco2_flat4k.0700.mollweide_searchweb.png (180x320) [60.4 KB] || global_oco2_flat4k.0700.mollweide_thm.png (80x40) [5.9 KB] || global_oco2_mollweide4k_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [10.0 MB] || global_oco2_mollweide4k_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [2.8 MB] || oco2_mollweide_w_dates_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [10.1 MB] || global_oco2_mollweide4k_2160p30.mp4 (4320x2160) [34.1 MB] || mollweide (4320x2160) [0 Item(s)] || mollweide_with_dates (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || oco2_mollweide_w_dates_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [30.5 MB] || oco2_mollweide_w_dates_4402.key [14.1 MB] || oco2_mollweide_w_dates_4402.pptx [11.5 MB] || global_oco2_mollweide4k_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [197 bytes] || oco2_mollweide_w_dates_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [232 bytes] || ", "hits": 70 }, { "id": 12067, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12067/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-11-19T14:00:00-05:00", "title": "Annmarie Eldering: Carbon and Climate Soundbite", "description": "Rising carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are driving changes in Earth’s climate. But scientists are still trying to answer important questions about how carbon dioxide emissions get absorbed by the land and the ocean — and how this could change in the future. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s Annmarie Eldering shares how the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 is helping answer these questions on a global scale.For complete transcript, click here. || CarbonClimate_TheGlobalCarbonSystem_AnnmarieEldering_appletv_print.jpg (1024x576) [62.1 KB] || CarbonClimate_TheGlobalCarbonSystem_AnnmarieEldering_appletv_searchweb.png (320x180) [57.2 KB] || CarbonClimate_TheGlobalCarbonSystem_AnnmarieEldering_appletv_thm.png (80x40) [4.4 KB] || CarbonClimate_TheGlobalCarbonSystem_AnnmarieEldering_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [88.6 MB] || CarbonClimate_TheGlobalCarbonSystem_AnnmarieEldering_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [23.5 MB] || CarbonClimate_TheGlobalCarbonSystem_AnnmarieEldering.mpeg (1280x720) [150.3 MB] || CarbonClimate_TheGlobalCarbonSystem_AnnmarieEldering.webm (960x540) [18.9 MB] || CarbonClimate_TheGlobalCarbonSystem_AnnmarieEldering_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [23.5 MB] || CarbonClimate_TheGlobalCarbonSystem_AnnmarieEldering.en_US.srt [931 bytes] || CarbonClimate_TheGlobalCarbonSystem_AnnmarieEldering.en_US.vtt [944 bytes] || CarbonClimate_TheGlobalCarbonSystem_AnnmarieEldering_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [8.5 MB] || ", "hits": 30 }, { "id": 12056, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12056/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-11-12T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "Carbon Dioxide Sources From a High-Resolution Climate Model", "description": "Animation of carbon dioxide released from two different sources: fires (biomass burning) and massive urban centers known as megacities. The animation covers a five day period in June 2006. The model is based on real emission data and is then set to run so that scientists can observe how the greenhouse gas behaves once it has been emitted. || tagged_co2_global_loop_appletv_print.jpg (1024x576) [102.9 KB] || tagged_co2_global_loop_appletv_searchweb.png (320x180) [75.4 KB] || tagged_co2_global_loop_appletv_thm.png (80x40) [6.0 KB] || tagged_co2_global_loop_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [25.1 MB] || tagged_co2_global_loop_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [80.0 MB] || tagged_co2_global_loop.webm (960x540) [14.5 MB] || tagged_co2_global_loop_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [7.8 MB] || tagged_co2_global_loop.mpeg (1280x720) [172.7 MB] || tagged_co2_global_loop_prores.mov (1280x720) [707.1 MB] || ", "hits": 48 }, { "id": 12561, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12561/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-12-16T10:00:00-05:00", "title": "Possible Methane Sources and Sinks on Mars", "description": "There are several possible ways that methane can be created, stored, and released on Mars, including both biological and non-biological pathways. || Mars_Methane_Sources_Sinks_PIA19088.jpg (1440x1080) [227.6 KB] || Mars_Methane_Sources_Sinks_PIA19088_searchweb.png (320x180) [108.1 KB] || Mars_Methane_Sources_Sinks_PIA19088_thm.png (80x40) [6.9 KB] || Mars_Methane_Sources_Sinks_PIA19088.tif (1440x1080) [4.5 MB] || ", "hits": 179 }, { "id": 30556, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30556/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2014-12-10T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Atmospheric CO₂ Trends", "description": "Fossil fuel combustion and other human activities are now increasing the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) abundance to unprecedented rates. It is estimated that approximately 36 billion tons of CO2 are added to the atmosphere each year. The large graph shown here is an animated version of the standard Keeling curve from 1980 to September 2014. The red line denotes ground-based measurements from the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, while yellow denotes observations from the South Pole Observatory. Purple denotes the global trend. The smaller graph in the upper left shows satellite measurements of tropospheric CO2 concentrations (white dots) at different latitudes from September 2002 to September 2014, obtained by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) instruments. Note how the Northern Hemisphere has greater variably and generally higher levels of CO2 than the Southern Hemisphere. In May of 2013, these emissions pushed the monthly average CO2 concentrations above 400 parts per million (ppm)—a level that has not been reached during the past 800,000 years. These ever-increasing levels are raising concerns about greenhouse-gas-induced climate change. || ", "hits": 164 }, { "id": 10236, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10236/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-11-25T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "NASA On Air: NASA Models CO2 Plumes - North America (11/25/2014)", "description": "LEAD: Check out this groundbreaking ultra-high-resolution computer model of carbon dioxide from NASA where one second equals one day.1. Bright colors represent our fossil fuel and natural CO2 emissions.2. Converging storm winds help heap up, and then disperse the CO2 through our chaotic atmosphere.3. The concentrations build up in the heavily populated and industrial areas of the eastern U.S.4. About one-third of CO2 emissions from the burning of fossil fuels are eventually absorbed in different land areas around the world. These are critical questions and answers needed to help understand world climate change.TAG: This groundbreaking computer model will help scientists discover where and how CO2 is absorbed. || WC_CO2NAmerica-1920-MASTER_1920x1080.00077_print.jpg (1024x576) [133.6 KB] || WC_CO2NAmerica-1920-MASTER_1920x1080_searchweb.png (320x180) [77.2 KB] || WC_CO2NAmerica-1920-MASTER_1920x1080_web.png (320x180) [77.2 KB] || WC_CO2NAmerica-1920-MASTER_1920x1080_thm.png (80x40) [6.6 KB] || WC_CO2NAmerica-1920-MASTER_WEA_CEN.wmv (1280x720) [18.6 MB] || North_America_View3.avi (1280x720) [19.5 MB] || WC_CO2NAmerica-1920-MASTER_baron.mp4 (1920x1080) [24.6 MB] || NA540.m4v (960x540) [14.0 MB] || NA720.m4v (1280x720) [18.6 MB] || NA1080.m4v (1920x1080) [37.1 MB] || WC_CO2NAmerica-1920-MASTER_1920x1080.webm (960x540) [3.7 MB] || WC_CO2NAmerica-1920-MASTER_NBC_Today.mov (1920x1080) [292.9 MB] || WC_CO2NAmerica-1920-MASTER_prores.mov (1920x1080) [529.4 MB] || WC_CO2NAmerica-1920-MASTER_1920x1080.mov (1920x1080) [812.4 MB] || WC_CO2NAmerica-1920-MASTER_1280x720.mov (1280x720) [907.1 MB] || ", "hits": 27 }, { "id": 11719, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11719/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-11-17T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "A Year In The Life Of Earth’s CO2", "description": "An ultra-high-resolution NASA computer model has given scientists a stunning new look at how carbon dioxide in the atmosphere travels around the globe.Plumes of carbon dioxide in the simulation swirl and shift as winds disperse the greenhouse gas away from its sources. The simulation also illustrates differences in carbon dioxide levels in the northern and southern hemispheres and distinct swings in global carbon dioxide concentrations as the growth cycle of plants and trees changes with the seasons.The carbon dioxide visualization was produced by a computer model called GEOS-5, created by scientists at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center’s Global Modeling and Assimilation Office.The visualization is a product of a simulation called a “Nature Run.” The Nature Run ingests real data on atmospheric conditions and the emission of greenhouse gases and both natural and man-made particulates. The model is then left to run on its own and simulate the natural behavior of the Earth’s atmosphere. This Nature Run simulates January 2006 through December 2006.While Goddard scientists worked with a “beta” version of the Nature Run internally for several years, they released this updated, improved version to the scientific community for the first time in the fall of 2014. || ", "hits": 232 }, { "id": 4205, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4205/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-09-24T09:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth Science Heads-up Display", "description": "On September 10, 2014, NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) was celebrated in an evening event at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington DC. The title of this event was \"Vital Signs: Taking the Pulse of Our Planet\", and the speakers at this event included several Earth Scientists from Goddard Space Flight Center. This animation was used in the beginning of the event to illustrate the interconnectedness of the many Earth-based data sets that NASA has produced over the last decade or so. The animation simulates a view of the Earth from the International Space Station, over which interconnected data sets are displayed as if on a head-up display. || ", "hits": 29 }, { "id": 30515, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30515/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2014-06-30T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "Simulated Atmospheric Carbon Concentrations", "description": "Carbon exists in many forms—e.g., carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO)—and continually cycles through Earth’s atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial ecosystems. This visualization, created using data from the 7-km GEOS-5 Nature Run model, shows average column concentrations of atmospheric CO2 (colored shades) and CO (white shades underneath) from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2006.CO2 variations are largely controlled by fossil fuel emissions and seasonal fluxes of carbon between the atmosphere and land biosphere. For example, dark red and pink shades represent regions where CO2 concentrations are enhanced by carbon sources, mainly from human activities. During Northern Hemisphere spring and summer months, plants absorb a substantial amount of CO2 through photosynthesis, thus removing CO2 from the atmosphere. Atmospheric CO, a pollutant harmful to human health, is produced mainly from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning. Here, high concentrations of CO (white) are mainly from fire activity in Africa, South America, and Australia. Scientists use model output data such as these to help answer important questions about Earth’s climate and to help design future satellite missions.These model simulations use fossil fuel emissions estimates provided by the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR). NASA’s Quick Fire Emissions Dataset (QFED) estimates fire emissions using MODIS fire radiative power observations. Additional, observationally constrained estimates of CO2 flux between the atmosphere and land and ocean carbon reservoirs were produced as part of NASA’s Carbon Monitoring System Flux Pilot Project (http://carbon.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/cms/inv_pgp.pl?pgid=581). Land biosphere fluxes come from the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach Global Fire Emissions Database (CASA-GFED) model which incorporates MODIS vegetation classification and AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data. Ocean fluxes are produced by the NASA Ocean Biogeochemical Model (NOBM) which incorporates MODIS chlorophyll observations. || ", "hits": 50 }, { "id": 4184, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4184/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-06-30T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "2014 Update Aqua/AIRS Carbon Dioxide with Mauna Loa Carbon Dioxide", "description": "This visualization is a time-series of the global distribution and variation of the concentration of mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA Aqua spacecraft. For comparison, it is overlain by a graph of the seasonal variation and interannual increase of carbon dioxide observed at the Mauna Loa, Hawaii observatory.The graph shows data, commonly called the Keeling Curve, from the Scripps measurements of monthly carbon dioxide concentration at Mauna Loa Observatory. The collection of this data was started by C. David Keeling of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in March of 1958 at a facility of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [Keeling, 1976]. The two most notable features of this visualization are the seasonal variation of carbon dioxide and the trend of increase in its concentration from year to year. The global map clearly shows that the carbon dioxide in the Northern Hemisphere peaks in April-May and then drops to a minimum in September-October. Although the seasonal cycle is less pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere it is opposite to that in the Northern Hemisphere. This seasonal cycle is governed by the growth cycle of plants. The Northern Hemisphere has the majority of the land masses, and so the amplitude of the cycle is greater in that hemisphere. The overall color of the map shifts toward the red with advancing time due to the annual increase of carbon dioxide.The concentration of carbon dioxide in the mid-troposphere lags the concentration found at the surface as mixing from the lower to upper altitudes usually takes days to weeks.More information about AIRS can be found at http://airs.jpl.nasa.gov. More information about the carbon dioxide concentration at Mauna Loa Observatory can be found at http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/ || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 4082, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4082/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2013-06-06T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "AIRS Monthly Carbon Dioxide, September 2009 - September 2010", "description": "Monthly Carbon Dioxide measurements by Aqua/AIRS. || Monthly Carbon Dioxide images for hyperwall. || co2-2009-09.png (4096x1501) [447.8 KB] || co2-2009-09_print.jpg (1024x375) [71.8 KB] || co2-2009-09_searchweb.png (320x180) [91.6 KB] || co2-2009-09_thm.png (80x40) [7.5 KB] || 4096x1501_16x9_30p (4096x1501) [0 Item(s)] || Colorbar for Carbon Dioxide animation. || co2_cb_375.0_395.0_240colors_web.png (320x41) [6.2 KB] || co2_cb_375.0_395.0_240colors.tif (552x71) [115.3 KB] || ", "hits": 14 }, { "id": 11094, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11094/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2012-08-30T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Birth of a Space Laser Instrument", "description": "A new C02 laser, which will globally measure carbon dioxide from space, is due to be launched in 2023 on the ASCENDS mission. One of the exciting things about this project is that you can actually watch trees eat and breathe. Of course, trees are breathing all the time, but they are only eating, meaning, performing photosynthesis when the sun is out. The main science is to measure how much carbon dioxide there is in the atmosphere at this particular time on the Earth, how much is there total and where is it located. || ", "hits": 11 }, { "id": 3947, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3947/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2012-07-08T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Watching the Earth Breathe:
An Animation of Seasonal Vegetation and its effect on Earth's Global Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide", "description": "In this animation, NASA instruments show the seasonal cycle of vegetation and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The animation begins on January 1, when the northern hemisphere is in winter and the southern hemisphere is in summer. At this time of year, the bulk of living vegetation, shown in green, hovers around the equator and below it, in the southern hemisphere.As the animation plays forward through mid-April, the concentration of carbon dioxide, shown in orange-yellow, in the middle part of Earth's lowest atmospheric layer, the troposphere, increases and spreads throughout the northern hemisphere, reaching a maximum around May. This blooming effect of carbon dioxide follows the seasonal changes that occur in northern latitude ecosystems, in which deciduous trees lose their leaves, resulting in a net release of carbon dioxide through a process called respiration. Carbon dioxide is also released in early spring as soils begin to warm. Almost 10 percent of atmospheric carbon dioxide passes through soils each year.After April, the northern hemisphere moves into late spring and summer and plants begin to grow, reaching a peak in the late summer. The process of plant photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the air. The animation shows how carbon dioxide is scrubbed out of the atmosphere by the large volume of new and growing vegetation. Following the peak in vegetation, the drawdown of atmospheric carbon dioxide due to photosynthesis becomes apparent, particularly over the boreal forests.Note that there is roughly a three-month lag between the state of vegetation at Earth's surface and its effect on carbon dioxide in the middle troposphere.Data like these give scientists a new opportunity to better understand the relationships between carbon dioxide in Earth's middle troposphere and the seasonal cycle of vegetation near the surface.Creating the AnimationThis animation was created with data taken from two NASA spaceborne instruments. The concentration of carbon dioxide data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), a weather and climate instrument that flies aboard NASA's Aqua spacecraft, is overlain on measurements of vegetation index from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument, also on NASA's Aqua spacecraft, to better understand how photosynthesis and respiration influences the atmospheric carbon dioxide cycle over the globe. The animation runs from January through December and repeats. The AIRS tropospheric carbon dioxide seasonal cycle values were made by averaging AIRS data collected between 2003 and 2010, from which the annual carbon dioxide growth trend of 2 parts per million per year has been removed. For example, the data used for January 1 is actually an average of eight years of AIRS carbon dioxide data taken each year on January 1. The vegetation values were made using data averaged over a four-year period, from 2003 to 2006.Further DetailAIRS uses infrared technology to determine the concentration of atmospheric water vapor and several important trace gases as well as information about temperature and clouds. AIRS orbits Earth from pole-to-pole at an altitude of 438 miles (705 kilometers), measuring Earth's infrared spectrum in 3,278 channels spanning a wavelength range from 3.74 microns to 15.4 microns. Originally designed to improve weather forecasts, AIRS has improved operational five-day weather forecasts more than any other single instrument over the past decade. AIRS has also been found to be sensitive to atmospheric carbon dioxide in the middle troposphere, at an altitude of 5 to 10 kilometers or 3 to 6 miles. AIRS is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., under contract to NASA. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. For further information, access the AIRS projectThe MODIS instrument is managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. For further information, access the MODIS project. || ", "hits": 259 }, { "id": 3812, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3812/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2011-04-01T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Arctic Carbon Dioxide", "description": "The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, AIRS, was launched aboard the Aqua Spacecraft in 2002 as part of NASA's Earth Observing System Afternoon Constellation of satellites known as the 'A-Train. The most important trace gas retrieved by AIRS for the study of anthropogenic effects on climate is carbon dioxide. AIRS CO2 retrievals use an analytical method for the determination of carbon dioxide and other minor gases in the troposphere from AIRS spectra. AIRS has provided the first satellite retrieval of mid-tropospheric CO2 under cloudy conditions, without the use of a priori information from models. AIRS retrievals use cloud-cleared thermal IR radiance spectra in the 15 micron band with an accuracy better than 2 ppm, making it ideal for mapping the distribution and transport of carbon dioxide levels in the free troposphere. || ", "hits": 62 }, { "id": 3685, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3685/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-03-15T23:00:00-04:00", "title": "Aqua/AIRS Carbon Dioxide, 2002-2009, With Mauna Loa Carbon Dioxide Graph", "description": "This visualization is a time-series of the global distribution and variation of the concentration of mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA Aqua spacecraft. For comparison, it is overlain by a graph of the seasonal variation and interannual increase of carbon dioxide observed at the Mauna Loa, Hawaii observatory. The AIRS data show the average concentration (parts per million) over an altitude range of 3 km to 13 km, whereas the Mauna Loa data show the concentration at an altitude of 3.4 km and its annual increase at a rate of approximately 2 parts per million (ppm) per year. The two most notable features of this visualization are the seasonal variation of CO2 and the trend of increase in its concentration from year to year. The global map clearly shows that the CO2 in the northern hemisphere peaks in April-May and then drops to a minimum in September-October. Although the seasonal cycle is less pronounced in the southern hemisphere it is opposite to that in the northern hemisphere. This seasonal cycle is governed by the growth cycle of plants. The northern hemisphere has the majority of the land masses, and so the amplitude of the cycle is greater in that hemisphere. The overall color of the map shifts toward the red with advancing time due to the annual increase of CO2. Although the mid-latitude jet streams are not visible in the map, we can see their influence upon the distribution of CO2 around the globe. These rivers of air occur at an altitude of about 5 km and rapidly transport CO2 around the globe at that altitude. In the northern hemisphere, the mid-latitude jet stream squirms like a released garden hose over the period of a few days due to the continental landmasses. In the southern hemisphere the jet stream flow is more directly West to East, and during the period from July to October the CO2 concentration is enhanced in a belt delineated by the jet stream and lofting of CO2 into the free troposphere by the high Andes is visible in this period. The zonal flow of CO2 around the globe at the latitude of South Africa, southern Australia and southern South America is readily apparent. Eastward flow of CO2 from Indonesia and the Celebes sea can be seen in the November to February time frame. || ", "hits": 114 }, { "id": 10574, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10574/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2010-02-22T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Piecing Together the Temperature Puzzle", "description": "The decade from 2000 to 2009 was the warmest in the modern record. \"Piecing Together the Temperature Puzzle\" illustrates how NASA satellites enable us to study possible causes of climate change. The video explains what role fluctuations in the solar cycle, changes in snow and cloud cover, and rising levels of heat-trapping gases may play in contributing to climate change. For complete transcript, click here. || Temperature_Puzzle_fullres.01252_print.jpg (1024x576) [113.2 KB] || Temperature_Puzzle_fullres_web.png (320x180) [207.8 KB] || Temperature_Puzzle_fullres_thm.png (80x40) [16.9 KB] || Temperature_Puzzle_AppleTV.webmhd.webm (960x540) [83.9 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_fullres.mov (1280x720) [166.2 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_AppleTV.m4v (960x720) [211.4 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle__Youtube.mov (1280x720) [87.7 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_iPod_small.m4v (640x360) [67.9 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_iPod_large.m4v (320x180) [27.9 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_svs.mpg (512x288) [136.6 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_portal.wmv (346x260) [38.8 MB] || ", "hits": 89 }, { "id": 3638, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3638/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-10-09T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Correlation Between Tropospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Seasonal Variation of the Biosphere", "description": "This animation shows the correspondence between the drawdown of tropospheric carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere, and the seasonal variation of the biosphere of the earth. The pattern of white squares indicates regions where the concentration of tropospheric CO2 is higher than the trend, while regions devoid of the squares are areas where the CO2 concentrations are lower than the trend. The trend was calculated by a least-squares line fit to a moving 8-day global average of CO2 concentration provided by the AIRS instrument on the Aqua satellite, and increases over the course of the animation (Sept. 2002-Sept. 2006) from 374 ppm to 383 ppm. The biosphere data is provided by the SeaWiFS instrument aboard the SeaStar satellite.During spring and summer months, the consumption of CO2 through plant respiration increases, reducing the concentration of CO2 (the white squares) over the more productive areas. In the animation, this is seen as a tendency for the CO2 concentration to drop below the trend over areas of deeper green. The cycle is especially apparent in the Northern Hemisphere. || ", "hits": 153 }, { "id": 10494, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10494/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2009-10-09T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "The Carbon Cycle", "description": "Carbon is the basic building block of life, and these unique atoms are found everywhere on Earth. Carbon makes up Earth's plants and animals, and is also stored in the ocean, the atmosphere, and the crust of the planet. A carbon atom could spend millions of years moving through Earth in a complex cycle. This conceptual animation provides an illustration of the various parts of the Carbon cycle. Purple arrows indicate the uptake of Carbon; yellow arrows indicate the release of Carbon. On land, plants remove carbon from the atmosphere through photosynthesis. Animals eat plants and either breath out the carbon, or it moves up the food chain. When plants and animals die and decay, they transfer carbon back to the soil. Moving offshore, the ocean takes up carbon through physical and biological processes. At the ocean's surface, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere dissolves into the water. Tiny marine plants called phytoplankton use this carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Phytoplankton are the base of the marine food web. After animals eat the plants, they breathe out the carbon or pass it up the food chain. Sometimes phytoplankton die, decompose, and are recycled in the surface waters. Phytoplankton can also sink to the bottom of the ocean, where they become buried in marine sediment. Over long time scales, this process has made the ocean floor the largest reservoir of carbon on the planet. In a process called upwelling, currents bring cold water containing carbon up to the surface. As the water warms, the carbon is then be released as a gas back into the atmosphere, continuing the carbon cycle. Carbon is found in the atmosphere as Carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas. Greenhouse gases act like a blanket, and trap heat in the atmosphere. In the past two centuries, humans have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide by more than 30%, by burning fossil-fuels and cutting down forests. || ", "hits": 361 }, { "id": 10397, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10397/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2009-02-19T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "City and Traffic Timelapses", "description": "Various timelapse shots of cityscapes and traffic. Shot to support the Glory mission. || ", "hits": 34 }, { "id": 3562, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3562/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2008-10-08T23:00:00-04:00", "title": "Aqua/AIRS Carbon Dioxide with Mauna Loa Carbon Dioxide Overlaid", "description": "A NASA/university study of the first-ever global satellite maps of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere has revealed new information on how this key greenhouse gas linked to climate change is distributed and moves around our world. Moustafa Chahine, lead study author and AIRS science team leader at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., said the maps, which cover from September 2002 to July 2008, will be used by scientists to refine how climate models represent the processes that transport carbon dioxide within Earth's atmosphere. 'These data capture global variations in the distribution of carbon dioxide over time that are not represented in the existing models used to determine where carbon dioxide is created and stored,' he said. Chahine said the previous scientific consensus was that carbon dioxide was evenly mixed in the free troposphere, decreasing as you move farther south of the equator. 'Our results show carbon dioxide there can vary by nearly one percent and that the free troposphere is like international waters-what's produced in one place is free to travel elsewhere,' he said.This visualization is a time-series of the global distribution and variation of the concentration of mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA Aqua spacecraft. For comparison, it is overlain by a graph of the seasonal variation and interannual increase of carbon dioxide observed at the Mauna Loa, Hawaii observatory. The AIRS data show the average concentration (parts per million) over an altitude range of 3 km to 13 km, whereas the Mauna Loa data show the concentration at an altitude of 3.4 km and its annual increase at a rate of approximately 2 parts per million (ppmv) per year. The two most notable features of this visualization are the seasonal variation of CO2 and the trend of increase in its concentration from year to year. The global map clearly shows that the CO2 in the northern hemisphere peaks in April-May and then drops to a minimum in September-October. Although the seasonal cycle is less pronounced in the southern hemisphere it is opposite to that in the northern hemisphere. This seasonal cycle is governed by the growth cycle of plants. The northern hemisphere has the majority of the land masses, and so the amplitude of the cycle is greater in that hemisphere. The overall color of the map shifts toward the red with advancing time due to the annual increase of CO2. Although the mid-latitude jet streams are not visible in the map, we can see their influence upon the distribution of CO2 around the globe. These rivers of air occur at an altitude of about 5 km and rapidly transport CO2 around the globe at that altitude. In the northern hemisphere, the mid-latitude jet stream squirms like a released garden hose over the period of a few days due to the continental landmasses. In the southern hemisphere the jet stream flow is more directly West to East, and during the period from July to October the CO2 concentration is enhanced in a belt delineated by the jet stream and lofting of CO2 into the free troposphere by the high Andes is visible in this period. The zonal flow of CO2 around the globe at the latitude of South Africa, southern Australia and southern South America is readily apparent. Eastward flow of CO2 from Indonesia and the Celebes sea can be seen in the November to February time frame. || ", "hits": 38 }, { "id": 3555, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3555/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2008-10-08T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Aqua/AIRS Sees Belt of Carbon Dioxide in Southern Hemisphere with Winds", "description": "Although originally designed to measure atmospheric water vapor and temperature profiles for weather forecasting, data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on NASA's Aqua spacecraft are now also being used by scientists to observe atmospheric carbon dioxide. This visualization shows Aqua/AIRS mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide from July 2003. Low concentrations, 360 ppm, are shown in blue and high concentrations, 385 ppm, are shown in red. Notice that despite carbon dioxide's high degree of mixing, the regional patterns of atmospheric sources and sinks are still apparent in mid-troposphere carbon dioxide concentrations. In the southern hemisphere the jet stream flow is more directly West to East, and during the period from July to October the CO2 concentration is enhanced in a belt delineated by the jet stream and lofting of CO2 into the free troposphere by the high Andes is visible in this period. The zonal flow of CO2 around the globe at the latitude of South Africa, southern Australia and southern South America is readily apparent.For more information on AIRS, visit the AIRS Project Web Site: http://airs.jpl.nasa.gov. The AIRS data products are available at http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/AIRS/index.shtml. || ", "hits": 14 }, { "id": 3554, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3554/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2008-10-07T16:00:00-04:00", "title": "Aqua/AIRS Sees Belt of Carbon Dioxide in Southern Hemisphere", "description": "Although originally designed to measure atmospheric water vapor and temperature profiles for weather forecasting, data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on NASA's Aqua spacecraft are now also being used by scientists to observe atmospheric carbon dioxide. In the southern hemisphere, a belt of mid-tropospheric air containing enhanced concentrations of carbon dioxide emerged between 30 and 40 degrees south latitude. This belt had not previously been seen in any chemistry transport model. Subtropical storms track through this region, as do the cloud bands of the intertropical convergence zone near the equator, an area of low atmospheric pressure that forms where northeast and southeast trade winds meet.The researchers believe strong convection (thunderstorms) in this belt, and South America's high Andes Mountains, lift carbon dioxide from major sources on Earth's surface, such as the respiration of plants, forest fires and facilities for producing synthetic fuels and generating power. This carbon dioxide is then carried into the 'free troposphere,' the part of the troposphere that is too high to be influenced by Earth's surface. There, it becomes trapped in the mid-latitude jet stream, which transports it rapidly around the world. For more information on AIRS, visit the AIRS Project Web Site: http://airs.jpl.nasa.gov. The AIRS data products are available at http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/AIRS/index.shtml. || ", "hits": 21 }, { "id": 3440, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3440/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2007-12-30T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Aqua/AIRS Global Carbon Dioxide", "description": "Although originally designed to measure atmospheric water vapor and temperature profiles for weather forecasting, data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on NASA's Aqua spacecraft are now also being used by scientists to observe atmospheric carbon dioxide. Scientists from NASA; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts; the University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey; and the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, Calif., are using several different methods to measure the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mid-troposphere (about eight kilometers, or five miles, above the surface). This visualization shows Aqua/AIRS mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide from July 2003. Low concentrations, 360 ppm, are shown in blue and high concentrations, 385 ppm, are shown in red. Notice that despite carbon dioxide's high degree of mixing, the regional patterns of atmospheric sources and sinks are still apparent in mid-troposphere carbon dioxide concentrations. This pattern of high carbon dioxide in the Northern Hemisphere (North America, Atlantic Ocean, and Central Asia) is consistent with model predictions.For more information on AIRS, visit the AIRS Project Web Site: http://airs.jpl.nasa.gov. The AIRS data products are available at http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/AIRS/index.shtml. || ", "hits": 15 }, { "id": 3441, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3441/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2007-12-30T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Aqua/AIRS Carbon Dioxide with Winds", "description": "Although originally designed to measure atmospheric water vapor and temperature profiles for weather forecasting, data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on NASA's Aqua spacecraft are now also being used by scientists to observe atmospheric carbon dioxide. Scientists from NASA; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts; the University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey; and the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, Calif., are using several different methods to measure the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mid-troposphere (about eight kilometers, or five miles, above the surface). This visualization shows Aqua/AIRS mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide from July 2003. Low concentrations, 360 ppm, are shown in blue and high concentrations, 385 ppm, are shown in red. Notice that despite carbon dioxide's high degree of mixing, the regional patterns of atmospheric sources and sinks are still apparent in mid-troposphere carbon dioxide concentrations. This pattern of high carbon dioxide in the Northern Hemisphere (North America, Atlantic Ocean, and Central Asia) is consistent with model predictions.For more information on AIRS, visit the AIRS Project Web Site: http://airs.jpl.nasa.gov. The AIRS data products are available at http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/AIRS/index.shtml. || ", "hits": 15 }, { "id": 20114, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20114/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2007-09-07T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Greenhouse Gases Effect on Global Warming", "description": "The 'greenhouse effect' is the warming of climate that results when the atmosphere traps heat radiating from Earth toward space. Certain gases in the atmosphere resemble glass in a greenhouse, allowing sunlight to pass into the 'greenhouse,' but blocking Earth's heat from escaping into space. The gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect include water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxides, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).On Earth, human activities are changing the natural greenhouse. Over the last century the burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil has increased the concentration of atmospheric CO2. This happens because the coal or oil burning process combines carbon (C) with oxygen (O2) in the air to make CO2. To a lesser extent, the clearing of land for agriculture, industry, and other human activities have increased the concentrations of other greenhouse gases like methane (CH4), and further increased (CO2).The consequences of changing the natural atmospheric greenhouse are difficult to predict, but certain effects seem likely: - On average, Earth will become warmer. Some regions may welcome warmer temperatures, but others may not. - Warmer conditions will probably lead to more evaporation and precipitation overall, but individual regions will vary, some becoming wetter and others dryer. - A stronger greenhouse effect will probably warm the oceans and partially melt glaciers and other ice, increasing sea level. Ocean water also will expand if it warms, contributing to further sea level rise. - Meanwhile, some crops and other plants may respond favorably to increased atmospheric CO2, growing more vigorously and using water more efficiently. At the same time, higher temperatures and shifting climate patterns may change the areas where crops grow best and affect the makeup of natural plant communities. || ", "hits": 2287 }, { "id": 3307, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3307/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-12-31T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Missing Carbon: CO2 Growth in the last 400,000 Years", "description": "The animation shows a graph of carbon dioxide (on the y-axis) versus time (on the x-axis). First data is shown from about the last 400,000 years. Next, this graph slides to the left and a new graph slides on showing carbon dioxide from the last 1000 years. NOTE: the y-axis scale remains the same. Finally, a graph showing carbon dioxide from 1980 to 2005 is shown. The industrial revolution is shown as a blue line. Lake Vostok ice cores provide data from about 400,000 BC to about 4000 BC; Law Dome ice cores provide data from 1010 AD to 1975 AD; Mauna Loa observations provide data from 1980 to 2005. || ", "hits": 111 }, { "id": 3308, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3308/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-12-31T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide from 1980 to 2005", "description": "This visualization shows atmospheric carbon dioxide from 1980 to 2005. The first curve (in yellow) is fossil fuel emissions which is the known amount of carbon dioxide put out into the atmosphere. The second curve (in red) is the atmospheric increase which is the measured carbon in the atmosphere. Next, a green region between the two curves highlights the sink which is the amount of carbon dioxide that taken out of the atmosphere by natural processes. Scientists understand when some of the carbon sink occurs, but not all of it. This 'missing carbon' is a scientific mystery. Finally, in the visualization, the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Index is added along with blue bars that indicate when each El Niño happens. Notice the strong correlation between the ENSO Index curve and the spikes in the atmospheric increase curve. During an El Niño, there is apparently less of a carbon sink. || ", "hits": 45 }, { "id": 3309, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3309/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-12-31T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Missing Carbon: Global Biosphere with Carbon Dioxide Growth Overlaid", "description": "This animation shows the global biosphere in the background and corresponding carbon dioxide graph in the foreground. The biosphere is represented as phytoplankton concentrations over the ocean and vegetation index over land. The carbon dioxide concentrations are from Mauna Loa, Hawaii measurements. As each year progresses, notice how the greening of the land moves south to north, then north to south. Also, notice how this corresponds to the carbon dioxide graph. As the northern hemisphere greens up, the carbon dioxide decreases due to the fact that the plants are absorbing more carbon dioxide. As the northern hemisphere gets less green, the carbon dioxide increases. These are annual oscillations in the carbon dioxide graph; however, the overall carbon dioxide trend from 1980 to 2005 is upward. || ", "hits": 51 }, { "id": 2389, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2389/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-03-04T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Mount Pinatubo Particle Model", "description": "The global impact of the June 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption in the Philippines can be seen in this particle model. Immediately following the eruption large amounts of sulfur dioxide and dust spread through the earth's atmosphere. The colors in this animation reflect the atmospheric height of the particles. Red is high and blue is closer to the earth's surface. || ", "hits": 70 } ] }