{ "count": 54, "next": null, "previous": null, "results": [ { "id": 5434, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5434/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2024-12-10T10:00:00-05:00", "title": "Collecting Global Methane Emissions with EMIT", "description": "Animation that shows the data collection path of the EMIT instrument onboard the ISS. EMIT has a 75 kilometer swath width - which is relatively narrow, but you can see in this data visualization how it can get full global coverage over time. The violet dots are methane emission sources. || new_emit_v35_4K.0100_print.jpg (1024x576) [162.5 KB] || new_emit_v35_4K.0100_searchweb.png (320x180) [74.3 KB] || new_emit_v35_4K.0100_thm.png (80x40) [7.6 KB] || new_emit_v35_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [28.2 MB] || new_emit_v35_4K_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [86.9 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p [0 Item(s)] || new_emit_v35_4K_2160p30.mp4.hwshow [189 bytes] || ", "hits": 269 }, { "id": 5360, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5360/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2024-08-21T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Global Methane Emissions", "description": "Spinning globe showing global methane emissions in magenta. || newemit_spinning_globe_v16.1440_print.jpg (1024x576) [73.5 KB] || newemit_spinning_globe_v16.1440_searchweb.png (320x180) [33.5 KB] || newemit_spinning_globe_v16.1440_thm.png (80x40) [5.6 KB] || newemit_spinning_globe_v16_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [9.7 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p [0 Item(s)] || ", "hits": 121 }, { "id": 5234, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5234/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2024-03-12T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "AIRS Global Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) measurements (2002-October 2023)", "description": "Data visualization showing the global distribution and variation of the concentration of mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA Aqua spacecraft over a 20 year timespan.", "hits": 100 }, { "id": 5115, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5115/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2023-06-20T15:00:00-04:00", "title": "Global Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)", "description": "Volumetric visualization of the total carbon dioxide (CO₂) on a global scale added on Earth's atmosphere over the course of the year 2021. || TotalCO2_Comp_1920x1920p30_00080.png (1920x1920) [3.2 MB] || TotalCO2_Comp_1920x1920p30_00080_print.jpg (1024x1024) [168.5 KB] || VolumetricCO2_Composite (1920x1920) [0 Item(s)] || VolumetricCO2_Composite_1920x1920p30.mp4 (1920x1920) [806.2 MB] || ", "hits": 535 }, { "id": 5081, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5081/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2023-03-07T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "National Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) budgets inferred from atmospheric observations", "description": "National yearly carbon dioxide (CO₂) budgets for over 100 countries around the world for the period 2015-2020. || NationalCO2Budgets_Light_1080x1920_30fps_358.png (1080x1920) [1.4 MB] || NationalCO2Budgets_Light_1080x1920.mp4 (1080x1920) [12.3 MB] || NationalCarbonDioxideBudget_Light (1080x1920) [0 Item(s)] || NationalCO2Budgets_Light_1080x1920.webm (1080x1920) [1.4 MB] || ", "hits": 172 }, { "id": 5022, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5022/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2023-02-24T16:00:00-05:00", "title": "OCO-2 Gridded Global Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)", "description": "Data visualization of global carbon dioxide (CO₂) for the period January 2015-February 2022, showcasing data from NASA's Obriting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) Gridded/Level 3 product. || oco2_3840x2160p60.1618_print.jpg (1024x576) [112.6 KB] || oco2_3840x2160p60.1618.png (3840x2160) [6.1 MB] || oco2_3840x2160p60.1618_print_searchweb.png (320x180) [53.9 KB] || oco2_3840x2160p60.1618_print_thm.png (80x40) [4.4 KB] || Composite (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || Composite (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || oco2_3840x2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [46.0 MB] || oco2_3840x2160_p60.mp4 (3840x2160) [45.1 MB] || oco2_3840x2160_p60.webm (3840x2160) [13.5 MB] || ", "hits": 154 }, { "id": 5024, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5024/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2023-01-31T22:00:00-05:00", "title": "20 years of AIRS Global Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) measurements (2002-October 2022)", "description": "Data visualization of global carbon dioxide (CO₂) for the period September 2002-October 2022, showcasing data products from NASA's Aqua mission. Data visualization assets are designed for HD resolution. || co2airs_60South_1920x108030p.0794_print.jpg (1024x576) [170.8 KB] || 60South_exr (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || co2airs_60South_1920x1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [25.0 MB] || co2airs_60South_1920x108030p.0794.exr (1920x1080) [5.5 MB] || co2airs_60South_1920x1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [3.0 MB] || co2airs_60South_1920x1080p30.mp4.hwshow [194 bytes] || ", "hits": 112 }, { "id": 14257, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14257/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2022-12-14T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Methane Emissions from Wetlands", "description": "Complete transcript available.Methane is an important greenhouse gas that contributes substantially to global warming. On a molecule by molecule basis, methane is much more efficient at trapping heat than carbon dioxide, the main driver of warming. Though human activities, including agriculture, oil and natural gas production and use, and waste disposal, collectively contribute the majority of methane to the atmosphere, about a third of total methane emissions comes from wetlands. Wetland habitats are filled with things like waterlogged soils and permafrost, which makes them sizable carbon sinks. However, as the climate changes, these carbon-rich soils are vulnerable to flooding and to rising temperatures, which can release more carbon to the atmosphere in the form of methane. Understanding methane emissions from natural sources like wetlands is critically important to scientists and policymakers who are working to ensure that changes in natural systems don’t counteract progress in combatting climate change made by reducing emissions from human activities.This animation shows estimates of wetland methane emissions produced by the Lund–Potsdam–Jena Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (LPJ-DGVM) Wald Schnee und Landscaft version (LPJ-wsl). LPJ-wsl is a prognostic model, meaning that it can be used to simulate future changes in wetland emissions and independently verified with remote sensing data products. The model includes a complex, topography dependent model of near surface hydrology, and a permafrost and dynamic snow model, allowing it to produce realistic distributions of inundated areas. Highlighted areas show concentrated methane sources from tropical and high latitude ecosystems. The LPJ-wsl model is regularly used in conjunction with NASA’s GEOS model to simulate the impact of wetlands and other methane sources on atmospheric methane concentrations, compare against satellite and airborne data, and to improve understanding and prediction of wetland emissions. Music credit: “Emerging Wave” from Universal Production Music || Screen_Shot_2022-12-09_at_1.10.12_PM_print.jpg (1024x571) [117.6 KB] || Screen_Shot_2022-12-09_at_1.10.12_PM.jpg (875x488) [108.8 KB] || Screen_Shot_2022-12-09_at_1.10.12_PM_searchweb.png (320x180) [57.3 KB] || Screen_Shot_2022-12-09_at_1.10.12_PM_web.png (320x178) [56.0 KB] || Screen_Shot_2022-12-09_at_1.10.12_PM_thm.png (80x40) [6.1 KB] || Methane.mp_Wetalnds_Final.mp4 (1920x1080) [74.1 MB] || Methane.mp_Wetalnds_Final.webm (1920x1080) [14.8 MB] || Sound_otter_ai.en_US.srt [2.5 KB] || Sound_otter_ai.en_US.vtt [2.5 KB] || ", "hits": 247 }, { "id": 5043, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5043/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2022-11-02T08:00:00-04:00", "title": "Methane Emissions over Canada and Alaska in the 2018", "description": "This 3D volumetric visualization shows the emission and transport of atmospheric methane over Canada and Alaska in September 2018 with the date and colorbar. || methane_withDate.0068_print.jpg (1024x576) [282.8 KB] || methane_withDate.0068_searchweb.png (320x180) [94.8 KB] || methane_withDate.0068_thm.png (80x40) [14.7 KB] || methane_withDate (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || methane_withDate_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [1.3 MB] || methane_withDate_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [131.3 MB] || methane_withDate_1080p30.mp4.hwshow || ", "hits": 30 }, { "id": 31200, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31200/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2022-11-01T07:00:00-04:00", "title": "EMIT Spots Methane Hotspots", "description": "A plume of methane is detected flowing from an area southeast of Carlsbad, New Mexico. || PIA25592_new_mexico_methane.png (1547x805) [1.8 MB] || PIA25592_new_mexico_methane_print.jpg (1024x532) [183.9 KB] || PIA25592_new_mexico_methane_searchweb.png (320x180) [109.3 KB] || PIA25592_new_mexico_methane_thm.png (80x40) [6.9 KB] || PIA25592_new_mexico_methane.hwshow [222 bytes] || ", "hits": 60 }, { "id": 5025, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5025/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2022-09-14T17:30:00-04:00", "title": "20 years of AIRS Global Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) measurements (2002-May 2022)", "description": "Data visualization of global carbon dioxide (CO₂) for the period September 2002-May 2022, showcasing data products from NASA's Aqua mission. Data visualization assets are designed for HD resolution. || co2airs_60South_1920x108030p.0779.png (1920x1080) [1.8 MB] || co2airs_60South_1920x108030p.0779_print.jpg (1024x576) [171.8 KB] || co2airs_60South_1920x108030p.mp4 (1920x1080) [31.8 MB] || 60South_exr (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || co2airs_60South_1920x108030p.webm (1920x1080) [3.0 MB] || co2airs_60South_1920x108030p.mp4.hwshow [194 bytes] || ", "hits": 58 }, { "id": 4990, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4990/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2022-05-28T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "20 years of AIRS Global Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) measurements (2002- March 2022)", "description": "Data visualization of global carbon dioxide (CO2) for the period September 2002-March 2022, showcasing data products from NASA's Aqua mission. Data visualization assets are designed for HD resolution. || co2airs_60South_1920x108030p.0771.png (1920x1080) [1.8 MB] || co2airs_60South_1920x1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [24.2 MB] || composite_60South (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || co2airs_60South_1920x1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [2.9 MB] || co2airs_60South_1920x1080p30.mp4.hwshow [228 bytes] || ", "hits": 72 }, { "id": 4983, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4983/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2022-04-11T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Global Carbon Dioxide 2020-2021 for Hyperwalls", "description": "This webpage provides a wide aspect ratio version of: Global Carbon Dioxide 2020-2021, released on November 2, 2021. This version has been created for wide aspect ratio display systems with resolution up to 9600x3240. It is recommended to use content from this version for display systems with 16:9 aspect ratio. || ", "hits": 72 }, { "id": 4962, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4962/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2022-01-12T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Concentration Increase of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)", "description": "Timeplot of increase of atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (CO2) concentrations relative to the pre-industrial CO2 long-term mean value of 278ppm. During 2021, atmospheric CO2 concentrations reached a record-level increase of 50% relative to pre-industrial CO2 levels. || CO2_Increase_1920x1080_30p.01509.png (1920x1080) [382.9 KB] || CO2_Increase_1920x1080_30p.01509_print.jpg (1024x576) [45.5 KB] || CarbonDioxide_Increase (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || CarbonDioxide_Increase_1920x1080_30p.mp4 (1920x1080) [5.4 MB] || CO2_Increase_1920x1080_30p.01509.tif (1920x1080) [7.9 MB] || CarbonDioxide_Increase_1920x1080_30p.webm (1920x1080) [5.9 MB] || CarbonDioxide_Increase_alpha (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || CarbonDioxide_Increase (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || CarbonDioxide_Increase_4K.mp4 (3840x2160) [31.1 MB] || CarbonDioxide_Increase_Alpha (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || ", "hits": 541 }, { "id": 4949, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4949/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2021-11-02T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Global Carbon Dioxide 2020-2021", "description": "Data visualization featuring volumetric carbon dioxide on a global scale for the period June 1, 2020 - July 31, 2021.Coming soon to our YouTube channel. || CO2Volumetric_1024x576_02582_print.jpg (1024x576) [90.6 KB] || CO2Volumetric_1024x576_02582.png (1024x576) [569.1 KB] || CO2Volumetric_1024x576_02582_searchweb.png (180x320) [60.0 KB] || CO2Volumetric_1024x576_02582_thm.png (80x40) [5.1 KB] || CO2Volumetric_1920x1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [65.3 MB] || CO2Volumetric_1920x1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [13.3 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || CO2Volumetric_3840x2160_30fps_02582.exr (3840x2160) [63.3 MB] || CO2Volumetric_3840x2160_30fps_02582.tif (3840x2160) [44.5 MB] || captions_silent.31831.en_US.srt [43 bytes] || CO2Volumetric_3840x2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [931.2 MB] || ", "hits": 116 }, { "id": 31165, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31165/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2021-09-29T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Tracking Power Plant Methane Emissions", "description": "A mosaic of AVIRIS-NG images tracks emissions from the Valley Generating Station in California || aviris-ng_methane_valley_generating_station_mosaic_print.jpg (1024x576) [231.4 KB] || aviris-ng_methane_valley_generating_station_mosaic.png (5760x3240) [28.1 MB] || aviris-ng_methane_valley_generating_station_mosaic_searchweb.png (320x180) [124.5 KB] || aviris-ng_methane_valley_generating_station_mosaic_thm.png (80x40) [6.0 KB] || aviris-ng_methane_valley_generating_station_mosaic.hwshow [261 bytes] || ", "hits": 19 }, { "id": 4890, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4890/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2021-04-02T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "GeoCarb Observes Greenhouse Gasses from Geosynchronous Orbit", "description": "GeoCarb and OCO-2 measuring carbon dioxide from space || geocarb_HD_FINAL.4662_print.jpg (1024x576) [49.8 KB] || geocarb_HD_FINAL.4662_searchweb.png (320x180) [32.3 KB] || geocarb_HD_FINAL.4662_thm.png (80x40) [2.9 KB] || geocarb_HD_FINAL_1080p59.94.mp4 (1920x1080) [43.1 MB] || geocarb_HD_FINAL_1080p29.97.mp4 (1920x1080) [41.3 MB] || geocarb_HD_FINAL_1080p59.94.webm (1920x1080) [19.9 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_60p (1920x1080) [1.0 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_60p (3840x2160) [1.0 MB] || 5780x3240_16x9_30p (5760x3240) [1.0 MB] || geocarb_4k_FINAL_2160p59.94.mp4 (3840x2160) [135.4 MB] || ", "hits": 51 }, { "id": 4799, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4799/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2020-07-09T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "Sources of Methane", "description": "This 3D volumetric visualization shows the emission and transport of atmospheric methane around the globe between December 9, 2017 and December 1, 2018.Music: \"Motion Blur\" by Sam Dobson [PRS]Complete transcript available.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || Global_methane_narrated.1416_print.jpg (1024x576) [171.2 KB] || composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || MethaneNarrationSM.webm (1920x1080) [15.5 MB] || MethaneNarrationSM.mp4 (1920x1080) [171.1 MB] || MethaneCaptionsenUS.en_US.srt [2.0 KB] || MethaneCaptionsenUS.en_US.vtt [2.0 KB] || MethaneNarration.mov (1920x1080) [1.6 GB] || ", "hits": 493 }, { "id": 4798, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4798/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2020-04-21T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth Day 2020: Global Atmospheric Methane", "description": "This 3D volumetric visualization shows a global view of the methane emission and transport between December 1, 2017 and November 30, 2018. This visualizaion of the rotating global view is designed to be played in a continuous loop.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || Earth_Day_Methane_loop.2919_print.jpg (1024x576) [102.0 KB] || Earth_Day_Methane_loop.2919_searchweb.png (320x180) [54.3 KB] || Earth_Day_Methane_loop.2919_thm.png (80x40) [5.0 KB] || loop_composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Earth_Day_Methane_loop_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [11.5 MB] || Earth_Day_Methane_loop_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [355.8 MB] || captions_silent.29410.en_US.srt [43 bytes] || Earth_Day_Methane_loop_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [196 bytes] || ", "hits": 71 }, { "id": 4789, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4789/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2020-03-23T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Global Atmospheric Methane", "description": "This first 3D volumetric visualization focuses on several continents showing the emission and transport of atmospheric methane around the globe between January 1, 2017 and November 30, 2018. This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || Global_methane_comp.1320_print.jpg (1024x576) [163.2 KB] || Global_methane_comp_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [22.1 MB] || composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || captions_silent.29083.en_US.srt [43 bytes] || Global_methane_comp_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [1.4 GB] || Global_methane_comp_1080p30.mp4.hwshow || ", "hits": 55 }, { "id": 13559, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13559/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2020-03-23T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA Models Methane Sources and Movement Around the Globe", "description": "Complete transcript available.Music: \"Reported Missing\" by Andrew Michael Britton [PRS] and David Stephen Goldsmith [PRS]This video can be freely shared and downloaded. While the video in its entirety can be shared without permission, some individual imagery provided by Artbeats is obtained through permission and may not be excised or remixed in other products. Specific details on stock footage may be found here. For more information on NASA’s media guidelines, visit https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/guidelines/index.html. || Methane_Still.jpg (1920x1080) [408.5 KB] || Methane_Still_print.jpg (1024x576) [181.8 KB] || Methane_Still_searchweb.png (180x320) [71.4 KB] || Methane_Still_web.png (320x180) [71.4 KB] || Methane_Still_thm.png (80x40) [6.4 KB] || 13559_Methane_Final.webm (960x540) [62.2 MB] || TWITTER_720_13559_Methane_Final_twitter_720.mp4 (1280x720) [28.5 MB] || 13559_Methane_Final_lowres.mp4 (1280x720) [43.6 MB] || 13559_Methane_Final.mp4 (1920x1080) [272.5 MB] || Mathen_captions.en_US.srt [3.2 KB] || Mathen_captions.en_US.vtt [3.3 KB] || 13559_Methane_Final.mov (1920x1080) [3.4 GB] || ", "hits": 76 }, { "id": 31076, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31076/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2019-11-28T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Global Carbon Monoxide", "description": "Colorless, odorless, and poisonous, carbon monoxide is a major air pollutant regulated in the United States and in many other nations around the world. When carbon-based fuels, such as coal, wood, and oil burn, they produce carbon monoxide.These maps show monthly averages of carbon monoxide from March 2000 to the present, as derived using data from the Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) sensor on NASA's Terra satellite. Surface concentrations of carbon monoxide are expressed in parts per billion by volume (ppbv). A concentration of 1 ppbv means that for every billion molecules of gas in the measured volume, one of them is a carbon monoxide molecule. Total column carbon monoxide is expressed in number of molecules (times 10^18) per centimeter squared. A total column amount of 1 means that the total amount of carbon monoxide in a vertical column from the top of the atmosphere to the surface is 10^18 molecules per square centimeter.In these maps, yellow areas have little or no carbon monoxide, while progressively higher concentrations are shown in orange, red, and dark red. || ", "hits": 47 }, { "id": 13047, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13047/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2018-08-17T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "New Arctic Lakes Could Soon Be a Major Source of Atmospheric Methane", "description": "For centuries, a massive store of carbon has been locked underground in the Arctic's permanently frozen soil known as permafrost. As Earth's climate continues to warm, that carbon has begun to leach into the atmosphere, the result of microbes waking up and digesting once-frozen organic materials. A new NASA-funded study focuses on a mechanism that could accelerate the release of this atmospheric carbon, the result of thermokarst lakes. These lakes form when thawing permafrost causes the ground to slump, creating a depression that collects rain and snowmelt and perpetuates a cycle of further permafrost thaw. || ", "hits": 60 }, { "id": 12966, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12966/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2018-06-06T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Measuring the Atmosphere on ATom's Final Flight Around the World", "description": "NASA's Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) mission team just finished their final trip around the world, taking atmospheric samples from all over our home planet. Flying in NASA's DC-8 plane, the scientists and engineers collected their samples during four different trips, one for each season, to see how the atmosphere changed across fall, winter, spring and summer. || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 4519, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4519/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2016-12-09T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Assimilation of OCO-2 Carbon Dioxide into the GEOS Simulation", "description": "This visualization starts by showing carbon dioxide values (colored squares) being measured by the OCO-2 sensor. Soon the total carbon dioxide from the GEOS global atmosphere simulation is shown under the OCO-2 data. Every six hours, the OCO-2 measurements are used to adjust the GEOS simulation values to agree with observed values at those locations, a process called data assimilation. In order to see this process, look for locations where OCO-2 values are shortly followed by local changes in the background data. Carbon dioxide is shown in parts per million by volume (ppmv).This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || ocogeoscomp.01560_print.jpg (1024x576) [98.7 KB] || ocogeoscomp.01560_searchweb.png (320x180) [64.2 KB] || ocogeoscomp.01560_thm.png (80x40) [5.8 KB] || ocogeoscomp-annotated_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [19.5 MB] || ocogeoscomp-annotated_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [108.6 MB] || ocogeoscomp_new_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [106.2 MB] || newannotated (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || newcomp (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || ocogeoscomp-annotated_4519.key [109.8 MB] || ocogeoscomp-annotated_4519.pptx [109.5 MB] || ocogeoscomp-annotated_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [336.7 MB] || ocogeoscomp_new_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [333.7 MB] || the-earth-observing-fleet-by-theme-aerosols-atmospheric-chemistry.hwshow [1.5 KB] || ocogeoscomp_new_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [218 bytes] || ", "hits": 92 }, { "id": 30787, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30787/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2016-06-22T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA Spots Single Methane Leak from Space", "description": "Comparison of detected methane plumes over Aliso Canyon, California, acquired 11 days apart in Jan. 2016 by: (left) NASA's AVIRIS instrument on a NASA ER-2 aircraft at 4.1 miles (6.6 kilometers) altitude and (right) by the Hyperion instrument on NASA's Earth Observing-1 satellite in low-Earth orbit at approximately 700km. || hyperion_methane_aliso_canyon_PIA20716.png (1920x1080) [2.0 MB] || hyperion_methane_aliso_canyon_PIA20716_print.jpg (1024x576) [189.5 KB] || hyperion_methane_aliso_canyon_PIA20716_searchweb.png (320x180) [126.3 KB] || hyperion_methane_aliso_canyon_PIA20716_thm.png (80x40) [8.5 KB] || hyperion_methane_aliso_canyon_PIA20716.hwshow [244 bytes] || ", "hits": 16 }, { "id": 4402, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4402/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-11-19T17:00:00-05:00", "title": "A Year of Global Carbon Dioxide Measurements", "description": "Mollweide projected animation of CO2 data from the OCO-2 mission. Data spans from September 2014 to August 2015. As the data cycles through the year, you can see an increase CO2 concentrations across the northern hemisphere going from winter to spring. Then in the summer, as vegetation reaches it's peak, there is a noticeable decline in CO2 concentration throughout the entire northern hemisphere. || global_oco2_flat4k.0700.mollweide_print.jpg (1024x512) [90.2 KB] || global_oco2_flat4k.0700.mollweide_searchweb.png (180x320) [60.4 KB] || global_oco2_flat4k.0700.mollweide_thm.png (80x40) [5.9 KB] || global_oco2_mollweide4k_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [10.0 MB] || global_oco2_mollweide4k_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [2.8 MB] || oco2_mollweide_w_dates_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [10.1 MB] || global_oco2_mollweide4k_2160p30.mp4 (4320x2160) [34.1 MB] || mollweide (4320x2160) [0 Item(s)] || mollweide_with_dates (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || oco2_mollweide_w_dates_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [30.5 MB] || oco2_mollweide_w_dates_4402.key [14.1 MB] || oco2_mollweide_w_dates_4402.pptx [11.5 MB] || global_oco2_mollweide4k_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [197 bytes] || oco2_mollweide_w_dates_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [232 bytes] || ", "hits": 26 }, { "id": 12561, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12561/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-12-16T10:00:00-05:00", "title": "Possible Methane Sources and Sinks on Mars", "description": "There are several possible ways that methane can be created, stored, and released on Mars, including both biological and non-biological pathways. || Mars_Methane_Sources_Sinks_PIA19088.jpg (1440x1080) [227.6 KB] || Mars_Methane_Sources_Sinks_PIA19088_searchweb.png (320x180) [108.1 KB] || Mars_Methane_Sources_Sinks_PIA19088_thm.png (80x40) [6.9 KB] || Mars_Methane_Sources_Sinks_PIA19088.tif (1440x1080) [4.5 MB] || ", "hits": 173 }, { "id": 30640, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30640/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2014-12-10T10:00:00-05:00", "title": "Simulated Surface Carbon Monoxide", "description": "Carbon Monoxide animation of Dec 1 - 31, 2006 || geos_cosc_2304p.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [112.5 KB] || cosc_globe_c1440_NR_BETA9-SNAP_20061201_0000z.png (5760x2880) [17.4 MB] || cosc_globe_c1440_NR_BETA9-SNAP_20061201_0000z_print.jpg (1024x512) [127.3 KB] || cosc_globe_c1440_NR_BETA9-SNAP_20061201_0000z_searchweb.png (180x320) [74.1 KB] || geos_cosc_2304p.00001_thm.png (80x40) [5.9 KB] || geos_cosc_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [20.1 MB] || geos_cosc_720p.webm (1280x720) [2.9 MB] || geos_cosc_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [137.7 MB] || ", "hits": 90 }, { "id": 4205, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4205/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-09-24T09:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth Science Heads-up Display", "description": "On September 10, 2014, NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) was celebrated in an evening event at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington DC. The title of this event was \"Vital Signs: Taking the Pulse of Our Planet\", and the speakers at this event included several Earth Scientists from Goddard Space Flight Center. This animation was used in the beginning of the event to illustrate the interconnectedness of the many Earth-based data sets that NASA has produced over the last decade or so. The animation simulates a view of the Earth from the International Space Station, over which interconnected data sets are displayed as if on a head-up display. || ", "hits": 48 }, { "id": 30515, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30515/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2014-06-30T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "Simulated Atmospheric Carbon Concentrations", "description": "Carbon exists in many forms—e.g., carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO)—and continually cycles through Earth’s atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial ecosystems. This visualization, created using data from the 7-km GEOS-5 Nature Run model, shows average column concentrations of atmospheric CO2 (colored shades) and CO (white shades underneath) from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2006.CO2 variations are largely controlled by fossil fuel emissions and seasonal fluxes of carbon between the atmosphere and land biosphere. For example, dark red and pink shades represent regions where CO2 concentrations are enhanced by carbon sources, mainly from human activities. During Northern Hemisphere spring and summer months, plants absorb a substantial amount of CO2 through photosynthesis, thus removing CO2 from the atmosphere. Atmospheric CO, a pollutant harmful to human health, is produced mainly from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning. Here, high concentrations of CO (white) are mainly from fire activity in Africa, South America, and Australia. Scientists use model output data such as these to help answer important questions about Earth’s climate and to help design future satellite missions.These model simulations use fossil fuel emissions estimates provided by the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR). NASA’s Quick Fire Emissions Dataset (QFED) estimates fire emissions using MODIS fire radiative power observations. Additional, observationally constrained estimates of CO2 flux between the atmosphere and land and ocean carbon reservoirs were produced as part of NASA’s Carbon Monitoring System Flux Pilot Project (http://carbon.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/cms/inv_pgp.pl?pgid=581). Land biosphere fluxes come from the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach Global Fire Emissions Database (CASA-GFED) model which incorporates MODIS vegetation classification and AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data. Ocean fluxes are produced by the NASA Ocean Biogeochemical Model (NOBM) which incorporates MODIS chlorophyll observations. || ", "hits": 61 }, { "id": 4184, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4184/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-06-30T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "2014 Update Aqua/AIRS Carbon Dioxide with Mauna Loa Carbon Dioxide", "description": "This visualization is a time-series of the global distribution and variation of the concentration of mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA Aqua spacecraft. For comparison, it is overlain by a graph of the seasonal variation and interannual increase of carbon dioxide observed at the Mauna Loa, Hawaii observatory.The graph shows data, commonly called the Keeling Curve, from the Scripps measurements of monthly carbon dioxide concentration at Mauna Loa Observatory. The collection of this data was started by C. David Keeling of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in March of 1958 at a facility of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [Keeling, 1976]. The two most notable features of this visualization are the seasonal variation of carbon dioxide and the trend of increase in its concentration from year to year. The global map clearly shows that the carbon dioxide in the Northern Hemisphere peaks in April-May and then drops to a minimum in September-October. Although the seasonal cycle is less pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere it is opposite to that in the Northern Hemisphere. This seasonal cycle is governed by the growth cycle of plants. The Northern Hemisphere has the majority of the land masses, and so the amplitude of the cycle is greater in that hemisphere. The overall color of the map shifts toward the red with advancing time due to the annual increase of carbon dioxide.The concentration of carbon dioxide in the mid-troposphere lags the concentration found at the surface as mixing from the lower to upper altitudes usually takes days to weeks.More information about AIRS can be found at http://airs.jpl.nasa.gov. More information about the carbon dioxide concentration at Mauna Loa Observatory can be found at http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/ || ", "hits": 21 }, { "id": 3947, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3947/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2012-07-08T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Watching the Earth Breathe:
An Animation of Seasonal Vegetation and its effect on Earth's Global Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide", "description": "In this animation, NASA instruments show the seasonal cycle of vegetation and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The animation begins on January 1, when the northern hemisphere is in winter and the southern hemisphere is in summer. At this time of year, the bulk of living vegetation, shown in green, hovers around the equator and below it, in the southern hemisphere.As the animation plays forward through mid-April, the concentration of carbon dioxide, shown in orange-yellow, in the middle part of Earth's lowest atmospheric layer, the troposphere, increases and spreads throughout the northern hemisphere, reaching a maximum around May. This blooming effect of carbon dioxide follows the seasonal changes that occur in northern latitude ecosystems, in which deciduous trees lose their leaves, resulting in a net release of carbon dioxide through a process called respiration. Carbon dioxide is also released in early spring as soils begin to warm. Almost 10 percent of atmospheric carbon dioxide passes through soils each year.After April, the northern hemisphere moves into late spring and summer and plants begin to grow, reaching a peak in the late summer. The process of plant photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the air. The animation shows how carbon dioxide is scrubbed out of the atmosphere by the large volume of new and growing vegetation. Following the peak in vegetation, the drawdown of atmospheric carbon dioxide due to photosynthesis becomes apparent, particularly over the boreal forests.Note that there is roughly a three-month lag between the state of vegetation at Earth's surface and its effect on carbon dioxide in the middle troposphere.Data like these give scientists a new opportunity to better understand the relationships between carbon dioxide in Earth's middle troposphere and the seasonal cycle of vegetation near the surface.Creating the AnimationThis animation was created with data taken from two NASA spaceborne instruments. The concentration of carbon dioxide data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), a weather and climate instrument that flies aboard NASA's Aqua spacecraft, is overlain on measurements of vegetation index from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument, also on NASA's Aqua spacecraft, to better understand how photosynthesis and respiration influences the atmospheric carbon dioxide cycle over the globe. The animation runs from January through December and repeats. The AIRS tropospheric carbon dioxide seasonal cycle values were made by averaging AIRS data collected between 2003 and 2010, from which the annual carbon dioxide growth trend of 2 parts per million per year has been removed. For example, the data used for January 1 is actually an average of eight years of AIRS carbon dioxide data taken each year on January 1. The vegetation values were made using data averaged over a four-year period, from 2003 to 2006.Further DetailAIRS uses infrared technology to determine the concentration of atmospheric water vapor and several important trace gases as well as information about temperature and clouds. AIRS orbits Earth from pole-to-pole at an altitude of 438 miles (705 kilometers), measuring Earth's infrared spectrum in 3,278 channels spanning a wavelength range from 3.74 microns to 15.4 microns. Originally designed to improve weather forecasts, AIRS has improved operational five-day weather forecasts more than any other single instrument over the past decade. AIRS has also been found to be sensitive to atmospheric carbon dioxide in the middle troposphere, at an altitude of 5 to 10 kilometers or 3 to 6 miles. AIRS is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., under contract to NASA. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. For further information, access the AIRS projectThe MODIS instrument is managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. For further information, access the MODIS project. || ", "hits": 155 }, { "id": 3812, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3812/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2011-04-01T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Arctic Carbon Dioxide", "description": "The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, AIRS, was launched aboard the Aqua Spacecraft in 2002 as part of NASA's Earth Observing System Afternoon Constellation of satellites known as the 'A-Train. The most important trace gas retrieved by AIRS for the study of anthropogenic effects on climate is carbon dioxide. AIRS CO2 retrievals use an analytical method for the determination of carbon dioxide and other minor gases in the troposphere from AIRS spectra. AIRS has provided the first satellite retrieval of mid-tropospheric CO2 under cloudy conditions, without the use of a priori information from models. AIRS retrievals use cloud-cleared thermal IR radiance spectra in the 15 micron band with an accuracy better than 2 ppm, making it ideal for mapping the distribution and transport of carbon dioxide levels in the free troposphere. || ", "hits": 68 }, { "id": 3685, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3685/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-03-15T23:00:00-04:00", "title": "Aqua/AIRS Carbon Dioxide, 2002-2009, With Mauna Loa Carbon Dioxide Graph", "description": "This visualization is a time-series of the global distribution and variation of the concentration of mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA Aqua spacecraft. For comparison, it is overlain by a graph of the seasonal variation and interannual increase of carbon dioxide observed at the Mauna Loa, Hawaii observatory. The AIRS data show the average concentration (parts per million) over an altitude range of 3 km to 13 km, whereas the Mauna Loa data show the concentration at an altitude of 3.4 km and its annual increase at a rate of approximately 2 parts per million (ppm) per year. The two most notable features of this visualization are the seasonal variation of CO2 and the trend of increase in its concentration from year to year. The global map clearly shows that the CO2 in the northern hemisphere peaks in April-May and then drops to a minimum in September-October. Although the seasonal cycle is less pronounced in the southern hemisphere it is opposite to that in the northern hemisphere. This seasonal cycle is governed by the growth cycle of plants. The northern hemisphere has the majority of the land masses, and so the amplitude of the cycle is greater in that hemisphere. The overall color of the map shifts toward the red with advancing time due to the annual increase of CO2. Although the mid-latitude jet streams are not visible in the map, we can see their influence upon the distribution of CO2 around the globe. These rivers of air occur at an altitude of about 5 km and rapidly transport CO2 around the globe at that altitude. In the northern hemisphere, the mid-latitude jet stream squirms like a released garden hose over the period of a few days due to the continental landmasses. In the southern hemisphere the jet stream flow is more directly West to East, and during the period from July to October the CO2 concentration is enhanced in a belt delineated by the jet stream and lofting of CO2 into the free troposphere by the high Andes is visible in this period. The zonal flow of CO2 around the globe at the latitude of South Africa, southern Australia and southern South America is readily apparent. Eastward flow of CO2 from Indonesia and the Celebes sea can be seen in the November to February time frame. || ", "hits": 99 }, { "id": 10494, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10494/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2009-10-09T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "The Carbon Cycle", "description": "Carbon is the basic building block of life, and these unique atoms are found everywhere on Earth. Carbon makes up Earth's plants and animals, and is also stored in the ocean, the atmosphere, and the crust of the planet. A carbon atom could spend millions of years moving through Earth in a complex cycle. This conceptual animation provides an illustration of the various parts of the Carbon cycle. Purple arrows indicate the uptake of Carbon; yellow arrows indicate the release of Carbon. On land, plants remove carbon from the atmosphere through photosynthesis. Animals eat plants and either breath out the carbon, or it moves up the food chain. When plants and animals die and decay, they transfer carbon back to the soil. Moving offshore, the ocean takes up carbon through physical and biological processes. At the ocean's surface, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere dissolves into the water. Tiny marine plants called phytoplankton use this carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Phytoplankton are the base of the marine food web. After animals eat the plants, they breathe out the carbon or pass it up the food chain. Sometimes phytoplankton die, decompose, and are recycled in the surface waters. Phytoplankton can also sink to the bottom of the ocean, where they become buried in marine sediment. Over long time scales, this process has made the ocean floor the largest reservoir of carbon on the planet. In a process called upwelling, currents bring cold water containing carbon up to the surface. As the water warms, the carbon is then be released as a gas back into the atmosphere, continuing the carbon cycle. Carbon is found in the atmosphere as Carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas. Greenhouse gases act like a blanket, and trap heat in the atmosphere. In the past two centuries, humans have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide by more than 30%, by burning fossil-fuels and cutting down forests. || ", "hits": 231 }, { "id": 3574, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3574/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-01-15T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Methane Plume on Mars", "description": "The first definitive detection of methane in the atmosphere of Mars indicates the planet is alive in the sense that it still has geologic activity powered by heat from its interior, according to a team of NASA and university scientists. The team used spectrometer instruments attached to several telescopes to detect plumes of methane that were emitted from specific sites during the warmer seasons - spring and summer. Though nothing conclusive can yet be determined, it is possible that the detected methane was either produced by geologic processes such as the oxidation of iron (serpentinization) or by microscopic Martian life below the planet's surface. The methane released today could be produced currently, or it could be ancient methane trapped in ice 'cages' called clathrates or as gas below a sub-surface ice layer. || ", "hits": 53 }, { "id": 3562, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3562/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2008-10-08T23:00:00-04:00", "title": "Aqua/AIRS Carbon Dioxide with Mauna Loa Carbon Dioxide Overlaid", "description": "A NASA/university study of the first-ever global satellite maps of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere has revealed new information on how this key greenhouse gas linked to climate change is distributed and moves around our world. Moustafa Chahine, lead study author and AIRS science team leader at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., said the maps, which cover from September 2002 to July 2008, will be used by scientists to refine how climate models represent the processes that transport carbon dioxide within Earth's atmosphere. 'These data capture global variations in the distribution of carbon dioxide over time that are not represented in the existing models used to determine where carbon dioxide is created and stored,' he said. Chahine said the previous scientific consensus was that carbon dioxide was evenly mixed in the free troposphere, decreasing as you move farther south of the equator. 'Our results show carbon dioxide there can vary by nearly one percent and that the free troposphere is like international waters-what's produced in one place is free to travel elsewhere,' he said.This visualization is a time-series of the global distribution and variation of the concentration of mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA Aqua spacecraft. For comparison, it is overlain by a graph of the seasonal variation and interannual increase of carbon dioxide observed at the Mauna Loa, Hawaii observatory. The AIRS data show the average concentration (parts per million) over an altitude range of 3 km to 13 km, whereas the Mauna Loa data show the concentration at an altitude of 3.4 km and its annual increase at a rate of approximately 2 parts per million (ppmv) per year. The two most notable features of this visualization are the seasonal variation of CO2 and the trend of increase in its concentration from year to year. The global map clearly shows that the CO2 in the northern hemisphere peaks in April-May and then drops to a minimum in September-October. Although the seasonal cycle is less pronounced in the southern hemisphere it is opposite to that in the northern hemisphere. This seasonal cycle is governed by the growth cycle of plants. The northern hemisphere has the majority of the land masses, and so the amplitude of the cycle is greater in that hemisphere. The overall color of the map shifts toward the red with advancing time due to the annual increase of CO2. Although the mid-latitude jet streams are not visible in the map, we can see their influence upon the distribution of CO2 around the globe. These rivers of air occur at an altitude of about 5 km and rapidly transport CO2 around the globe at that altitude. In the northern hemisphere, the mid-latitude jet stream squirms like a released garden hose over the period of a few days due to the continental landmasses. In the southern hemisphere the jet stream flow is more directly West to East, and during the period from July to October the CO2 concentration is enhanced in a belt delineated by the jet stream and lofting of CO2 into the free troposphere by the high Andes is visible in this period. The zonal flow of CO2 around the globe at the latitude of South Africa, southern Australia and southern South America is readily apparent. Eastward flow of CO2 from Indonesia and the Celebes sea can be seen in the November to February time frame. || ", "hits": 19 }, { "id": 3555, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3555/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2008-10-08T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Aqua/AIRS Sees Belt of Carbon Dioxide in Southern Hemisphere with Winds", "description": "Although originally designed to measure atmospheric water vapor and temperature profiles for weather forecasting, data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on NASA's Aqua spacecraft are now also being used by scientists to observe atmospheric carbon dioxide. This visualization shows Aqua/AIRS mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide from July 2003. Low concentrations, 360 ppm, are shown in blue and high concentrations, 385 ppm, are shown in red. Notice that despite carbon dioxide's high degree of mixing, the regional patterns of atmospheric sources and sinks are still apparent in mid-troposphere carbon dioxide concentrations. In the southern hemisphere the jet stream flow is more directly West to East, and during the period from July to October the CO2 concentration is enhanced in a belt delineated by the jet stream and lofting of CO2 into the free troposphere by the high Andes is visible in this period. The zonal flow of CO2 around the globe at the latitude of South Africa, southern Australia and southern South America is readily apparent.For more information on AIRS, visit the AIRS Project Web Site: http://airs.jpl.nasa.gov. The AIRS data products are available at http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/AIRS/index.shtml. || ", "hits": 14 }, { "id": 3554, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3554/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2008-10-07T16:00:00-04:00", "title": "Aqua/AIRS Sees Belt of Carbon Dioxide in Southern Hemisphere", "description": "Although originally designed to measure atmospheric water vapor and temperature profiles for weather forecasting, data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on NASA's Aqua spacecraft are now also being used by scientists to observe atmospheric carbon dioxide. In the southern hemisphere, a belt of mid-tropospheric air containing enhanced concentrations of carbon dioxide emerged between 30 and 40 degrees south latitude. This belt had not previously been seen in any chemistry transport model. Subtropical storms track through this region, as do the cloud bands of the intertropical convergence zone near the equator, an area of low atmospheric pressure that forms where northeast and southeast trade winds meet.The researchers believe strong convection (thunderstorms) in this belt, and South America's high Andes Mountains, lift carbon dioxide from major sources on Earth's surface, such as the respiration of plants, forest fires and facilities for producing synthetic fuels and generating power. This carbon dioxide is then carried into the 'free troposphere,' the part of the troposphere that is too high to be influenced by Earth's surface. There, it becomes trapped in the mid-latitude jet stream, which transports it rapidly around the world. For more information on AIRS, visit the AIRS Project Web Site: http://airs.jpl.nasa.gov. The AIRS data products are available at http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/AIRS/index.shtml. || ", "hits": 25 }, { "id": 3440, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3440/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2007-12-30T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Aqua/AIRS Global Carbon Dioxide", "description": "Although originally designed to measure atmospheric water vapor and temperature profiles for weather forecasting, data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on NASA's Aqua spacecraft are now also being used by scientists to observe atmospheric carbon dioxide. Scientists from NASA; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts; the University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey; and the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, Calif., are using several different methods to measure the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mid-troposphere (about eight kilometers, or five miles, above the surface). This visualization shows Aqua/AIRS mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide from July 2003. Low concentrations, 360 ppm, are shown in blue and high concentrations, 385 ppm, are shown in red. Notice that despite carbon dioxide's high degree of mixing, the regional patterns of atmospheric sources and sinks are still apparent in mid-troposphere carbon dioxide concentrations. This pattern of high carbon dioxide in the Northern Hemisphere (North America, Atlantic Ocean, and Central Asia) is consistent with model predictions.For more information on AIRS, visit the AIRS Project Web Site: http://airs.jpl.nasa.gov. The AIRS data products are available at http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/AIRS/index.shtml. || ", "hits": 15 }, { "id": 3441, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3441/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2007-12-30T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Aqua/AIRS Carbon Dioxide with Winds", "description": "Although originally designed to measure atmospheric water vapor and temperature profiles for weather forecasting, data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on NASA's Aqua spacecraft are now also being used by scientists to observe atmospheric carbon dioxide. Scientists from NASA; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts; the University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey; and the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, Calif., are using several different methods to measure the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mid-troposphere (about eight kilometers, or five miles, above the surface). This visualization shows Aqua/AIRS mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide from July 2003. Low concentrations, 360 ppm, are shown in blue and high concentrations, 385 ppm, are shown in red. Notice that despite carbon dioxide's high degree of mixing, the regional patterns of atmospheric sources and sinks are still apparent in mid-troposphere carbon dioxide concentrations. This pattern of high carbon dioxide in the Northern Hemisphere (North America, Atlantic Ocean, and Central Asia) is consistent with model predictions.For more information on AIRS, visit the AIRS Project Web Site: http://airs.jpl.nasa.gov. The AIRS data products are available at http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/AIRS/index.shtml. || ", "hits": 12 }, { "id": 20079, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20079/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2006-09-18T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA Warms Up to Maryland's Trash", "description": "Trash to Gas Process - Landfill gas provides all of the center's heating needs 95 percent of the time, with natural gas serving as the back up. Methane is a natural product of trash. In this animation, wells draw methane out of the landfill and feed it to an on site purification plant. Before Goddard started using the gas, all of it was burned off in a flare. Now, the gas is intercepted from the flare and directed to a purification plant where the gas is cleaned and sent to Goddard. || ", "hits": 14 }, { "id": 20080, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20080/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2006-09-18T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA Warms Up to Maryland's Trash", "description": "Gas Purification Process - Most of the landfill gas purification process involves removing water. This animation shows four major steps to purifying the landfill gas for Goddard. First, placed throughout the landfill purification plant, filters sift out tiny trash particles and water. Second, a compressor squeezes out more water. Third, pipes cool gas drooling out even more water. Finally, the gas is reheated and transported to Goddard. Warm gas reduces moisture. || ", "hits": 10 }, { "id": 20078, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20078/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2006-09-12T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Methane's Connection to Global Warming", "description": "Methane is a simple compound made of carbon and hydroge. This gas comes from ordinary sources, like cattle herds and garbage dumps. On a planetary scale it also has a significant impact on climate. As it builds up in the atmosphere, it traps energy from the sun like a layer of insulation. Carbon dioxide does much the same thing-it causes global warming by trapping heat. But as experts struggle to curtail global climate change, a decrease of atmospheric methane might be easier to achieve than proportional drops in carbon dioxide, affording an alternate scenario to policy makers.Methane is second only to carbon dioxide in contributing to global warming. It is a naturally occurring gas, a product of a variety of biological processes. But in terms of climate change, it is the unnatural concentration of the gas from human induced factors that has researchers concerned. In the case of garbage disposal, methane enters the atmosphere as a byproduct of decomposition. As anaerobic bacteria break down polymers and other carbon based garbage, like the banana peel shown here, methane gets produced as a waste gas. As it enters the atmosphere, it reduces the Earth's ability to cool by absorbing more reflected heat from the planet than would otherwise occur. Other sources of methane production include rice cultivation, industrial production, and cattle herds. || ", "hits": 46 }, { "id": 3307, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3307/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-12-31T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Missing Carbon: CO2 Growth in the last 400,000 Years", "description": "The animation shows a graph of carbon dioxide (on the y-axis) versus time (on the x-axis). First data is shown from about the last 400,000 years. Next, this graph slides to the left and a new graph slides on showing carbon dioxide from the last 1000 years. NOTE: the y-axis scale remains the same. Finally, a graph showing carbon dioxide from 1980 to 2005 is shown. The industrial revolution is shown as a blue line. Lake Vostok ice cores provide data from about 400,000 BC to about 4000 BC; Law Dome ice cores provide data from 1010 AD to 1975 AD; Mauna Loa observations provide data from 1980 to 2005. || ", "hits": 103 }, { "id": 3308, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3308/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-12-31T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide from 1980 to 2005", "description": "This visualization shows atmospheric carbon dioxide from 1980 to 2005. The first curve (in yellow) is fossil fuel emissions which is the known amount of carbon dioxide put out into the atmosphere. The second curve (in red) is the atmospheric increase which is the measured carbon in the atmosphere. Next, a green region between the two curves highlights the sink which is the amount of carbon dioxide that taken out of the atmosphere by natural processes. Scientists understand when some of the carbon sink occurs, but not all of it. This 'missing carbon' is a scientific mystery. Finally, in the visualization, the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Index is added along with blue bars that indicate when each El Niño happens. Notice the strong correlation between the ENSO Index curve and the spikes in the atmospheric increase curve. During an El Niño, there is apparently less of a carbon sink. || ", "hits": 50 }, { "id": 3309, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3309/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-12-31T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Missing Carbon: Global Biosphere with Carbon Dioxide Growth Overlaid", "description": "This animation shows the global biosphere in the background and corresponding carbon dioxide graph in the foreground. The biosphere is represented as phytoplankton concentrations over the ocean and vegetation index over land. The carbon dioxide concentrations are from Mauna Loa, Hawaii measurements. As each year progresses, notice how the greening of the land moves south to north, then north to south. Also, notice how this corresponds to the carbon dioxide graph. As the northern hemisphere greens up, the carbon dioxide decreases due to the fact that the plants are absorbing more carbon dioxide. As the northern hemisphere gets less green, the carbon dioxide increases. These are annual oscillations in the carbon dioxide graph; however, the overall carbon dioxide trend from 1980 to 2005 is upward. || ", "hits": 43 }, { "id": 3350, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3350/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-04-04T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "MODIS Sea Surface Temperature Time Series Data Shows Increased Temperatures in Great Barrier Reef - Wide View", "description": "Coral bleaching may be one of the greatest threats to the Great Barrier Reef. Coral bleaching is a stress response that often occurs when the surrounding waters become too warm for the corals. In the stressful situation, the corals expel their brownish zooxanthellae and lose their color. Zooxanthellae are unicellular yellow-brown algae that make it possible for the corals to grow and reproduce quickly enough to create reefs. Without the zooxanthellae, the coral cannot obtain sufficient nourishment. If conditions remain difficult, the corals may die. Major coral bleaching incidents on the Great Barrier Reef in 1998 and 2002 led to widespread death of corals in some areas. Researchers in the Barrier reef of Australia are using NASA's resources to help identify troubled coral. Currently, the most severe coral bleaching occurs over inshore reefs where the Sea Surface Temperatures are showing increased temperatures. || ", "hits": 23 }, { "id": 3351, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3351/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-04-04T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "MODIS Sea Surface Temperature around the Australian Continent", "description": "The earliest technique for measuring Sea Surface Temperature (SST) was dipping a thermometer into a bucket of water. The first automated technique for determining SST was accomplished by measuring the temperature of water in the intake port of large ships. A large network of coastal buoys in U.S. waters is maintained by the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC). Since about 1990, there has also been an extensive array of moored buoys maintained across the equatorial Pacific Ocean designed to help monitor and predict the El Niño phenomenon. Since the 1980s satellites have been increasingly utilized to measure SST and have provided an enormous leap in our ability to view the spatial and temporal variation in SST. The satellite measured SST provides both a synoptic view of the ocean and a high frequency of repeat views, allowing the examination of basin-wide upper ocean dynamics not possible with ships or buoys. For example, a ship traveling at 10 knots (20 km/h) would require 10 years to cover the same area a satellite covers in two minutes.This animation uses SST data taken at nighttime from the MODIS/Aqua and MODIS/Terra satellites. This data has many important applications that permit scientists to use ocean temperatures to observe ocean circulation and locate major ocean currents. Ocean current analysis can facilitate ocean transportation. Additionally, by using SST, scientists can monitor changes in ocean temperatures and relate these to weather and climate changes like coral bleaching around the Great Barrier Reef. Finally, the SST changes have many important biological implications for hospitable/inhospitable conditions for many organisms including species of plankton, seagrasses, shellfish, fish, coral, and mammals. || ", "hits": 30 }, { "id": 3342, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3342/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-03-17T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "IKONOS and Aqua MODIS Imagery of Southern Great Barrier Reef", "description": "Coral bleaching may be one of the greatest threats to the Great Barrier Reef. Coral bleaching is a stress response that often occurs when the surrounding waters become too warm for the corals. In the stressful situation, the corals expel their brownish zooxanthellae and lose their color. Zooxanthellae are unicellular yellow-brown algae that make it possible for the corals to grow and reproduce quickly enough to create reefs. Without the zooxanthellae, the coral cannot obtain sufficient nourishment. If conditions remain difficult, the corals may die. Major coral bleaching incidents on the Great Barrier Reef in 1998 and 2002 led to widespread death of corals in some areas. Researchers in the Barrier reef of Australia are using NASA's resources to help identify troubled coral. || ", "hits": 72 }, { "id": 3343, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3343/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-03-17T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "MODIS Sea Surface Temperature Data Shows Increased Temperatures in Southern Great Barrier Reef", "description": "Coral bleaching may be one of the greatest threats to the Great Barrier Reef. Coral bleaching is a stress response that often occurs when the surrounding waters become too warm for the corals. In the stressful situation, the corals expel their brownish zooxanthellae and lose their color. Zooxanthellae are unicellular yellow-brown algae that make it possible for the corals to grow and reproduce quickly enough to create reefs. Without the zooxanthellae, the coral cannot obtain sufficient nourishment. If conditions remain difficult, the corals may die. Major coral bleaching incidents on the Great Barrier Reef in 1998 and 2002 led to widespread death of corals in some areas. Researchers in the Barrier reef of Australia are using NASA's resources to help identify troubled coral. Currently, the most severe coral bleaching occurs over inshore reefs where the Sea Surface Temperatures are showing increased temperatures. || ", "hits": 23 }, { "id": 3344, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3344/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-03-17T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Chlorophyll Concentration Shows Oceanographic Patterns in Great Barrier Reef", "description": "Coral bleaching may be one of the greatest threats to the Great Barrier Reef. Coral bleaching is a stress response that often occurs when the surrounding waters become too warm for the corals. In the stressful situation, the corals expel their brownish zooxanthellae and lose their color. Zooxanthellae are unicellular yellow-brown algae that make it possible for the corals to grow and reproduce quickly enough to create reefs. Without the zooxanthellae, the coral cannot obtain sufficient nourishment. If conditions remain difficult, the corals may die. Major coral bleaching incidents on the Great Barrier Reef in 1998 and 2002 led to widespread death of corals in some areas. Researchers in the Barrier reef of Australia are using NASA's resources to help identify troubled coral. || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 2900, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2900/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-02-12T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Global Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide in 2000 (WMS)", "description": "This visualization shows global carbon monoxide concentrations at the 500 millibar altitude in the atmosphere from March 1, 2000 through December 31, 2000. Areas in red have 200 parts per billion of carbon monoxide or more at that altitude (around 5,500 meters), while areas in blue are 50 parts per billion or less. Carbon monoxide is an atmospheric pollutant and the highest concentrations come from grassland and forest fires in Africa and South America, although there is evidence that industrial sources may also be a factor. Atmospheric circulation rapidly moves the carbon monoxide to other parts of the world once it has reached this altitude. This data was measured by the MOPITT instrument on the Terra satellite. || ", "hits": 16 } ] }