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        {
            "id": 3720,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3720/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-05-12T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Annual Gradient Melt over Greenland 1979 Through 2009",
            "description": "The ice sheet melt extent is a daily (or every-other-day, prior to August 1987) estimate of the spatial extent of wet snow on the Greenland ice sheet derived from passive microwave satellite brightness temperature characteristics. This indicator of melt on each area of the ice sheet for each day of observation is physically based on the changes in microwave emission characteristics observable in data. Although it is not a direct measure of the snow wetness, it is representative of the amount of ice loss due to seasonal melting that occurs on the Greenland ice sheet.This animation is a time series showing the regions of the Greenland ice sheet where melt occurred for more than three days between May 1st and September 30th for each year. Areas in which melt occurred for longer time periods are shown in a darker red while those areas melted for fewer days are shown in lighter red. Areas melted three or less days during the year are not colored. || ",
            "hits": 150
        },
        {
            "id": 3721,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3721/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-05-12T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Annual Accumulated Melt over Greenland 1979 through 2009",
            "description": "The ice sheet melt extent is a daily (or every-other-day, prior to August, 1987) estimate of the spatial extent of wet snow on the Greenland ice sheet derived from passive microwave satellite brightness temperature characteristics. This indicator of melt on each area of the ice sheet for each day of observation is physically based on the changes in microwave emission characteristics observable in data.",
            "hits": 133
        },
        {
            "id": 3573,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3573/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-01-09T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "September 2007 Arctic Sea Ice vs 1979-2007 Average with Graph of 1979 to 2008 Ice Areas",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover. The 2007 Arctic summer sea ice reached the lowest extent of perennial ice cover on record. The area of the perennial ice has been steadily decreasing since the satellite record began in 1979, at a rate of about 10% per decade. But the 2007 minimum, reached on September 14, is about 38% lower than the climatological average. Such a dramatic loss has implications for ecology, climate and industry.This image compares the difference between the perennial sea ice minimum area on September 14, 2007 and the 1979-2007 average minimum sea ice. A graph inset in the top left corner shows the decline in annual sea ice area from 1979 through 2008. || ",
            "hits": 60
        },
        {
            "id": 3476,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3476/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-11-07T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Annual Gradient Melt over Greenland 1979 through 2007",
            "description": "The ice sheet melt extent is a daily (or every-other-day, prior to August, 1987) estimate of the spatial extent of wet snow on the Greenland ice sheet derived from passive microwave satellite brightness temperature characteristics. This indicator of melt on each area of the ice sheet for each day of observation is physically based on the changes in microwave emission characteristics observable in data. Although it is not a direct measure of the snow wetness, it is representative of the amount of  ice loss due to seasonal melting that occurs on the Greenland ice sheet.This animation is a time series showing the regions of the Greenland ice sheet where melt occurred for more than three days between May 1st and September 30th for each year.  Areas in which melt occurred for longer time periods are shown in a darker red while those areas melted for fewer days are shown in lighter red.  Areas melted three or less days during the year are not colored. || ",
            "hits": 74
        },
        {
            "id": 3475,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3475/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-11-06T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Annual Accumulated Melt over Greenland 1979 through 2007",
            "description": "The ice sheet melt extent is a daily (or every-other-day, prior to August, 1987) estimate of the spatial extent of wet snow on the Greenland ice sheet derived from passive microwave satellite brightness temperature characteristics. This indicator of melt on each area of the ice sheet for each day of observation is physically based on the changes in microwave emission characteristics observable in data. Although it is not a direct measure of the snow wetness, it is representative of the amount of ice loss due to seasonal melting that occurs on the Greenland ice sheet.This animation shows the regions of the Greenland ice sheet over which melt occurred more than three days between May 1st and September 30th for each year. || ",
            "hits": 195
        },
        {
            "id": 3474,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3474/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-10-25T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Minimum Sea Ice Comparison:  2005, 2007 and the 1979-2007 Average",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover. The 2007 Arctic summer sea ice reached the lowest extent of perennial ice cover on record - nearly 25% less than the previous low set in 2005. The area of the perennial ice has been steadily decreasing since the satellite record began in 1979, at a rate of about 10% per decade. But the 2007 minimum, reached on September 14, is far below the previous record made in 2005 and is about 38% lower than the climatological average. Such a dramatic loss has implications for ecology, climate and industry.A full global version of this animation was initially developed for a Science On a Sphere exhibit.  A smaller subset is shown here focusing on the Arctic region.   The animation is shown on a plane with a geographic (lat/lon) projection, but has been rotated 90 degrees so that the Arctic is in the center of the image.  The animation compares the difference between the perennial sea ice minimum extent on September 21, 2005 and September 14, 2007.   Both years are compared with the 1979-2007 average minimum sea ice. || ",
            "hits": 23
        },
        {
            "id": 3355,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3355/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2006-05-20T23:55:00-04:00",
            "title": "A Short Tour of the Cryosphere",
            "description": "A newer version of this animation is available here.This narrated, 5-minute animation shows a wealth of data collected from satellite observations of the cryosphere and the impact that recent cryospheric changes are making on our planet. This is a shorter version of a narrated, 7 1/2 minute animation entitled  'A Tour of the Cryosphere'.See the above link for a detailed description of the full animation.Two sections have been removed from the original animation: one showing a flyby of the South Pole station and glaciers feeding the Ross Ice Shelf and one showing solar data related to the Earth's energy balance.For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website. || ",
            "hits": 29
        },
        {
            "id": 3181,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3181/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-12-04T23:55:00-05:00",
            "title": "A Tour of the Cryosphere",
            "description": "A new HD version of this animation is available here.Click here to go to the media download section.The cryosphere consists of those parts of the Earth's surface where water is found in solid form, including areas of snow, sea ice, glaciers, permafrost, ice sheets, and icebergs. In these regions, surface temperatures remain below freezing for a portion of each year. Since ice and snow exist relatively close to their melting point, they frequently change from solid to liquid and back again due to fluctuations in surface temperature. Although direct measurements of the cryosphere can be difficult to obtain due to the remote locations of many of these areas, using satellite observations scientists monitor changes in the global and regional climate by observing how regions of the Earth's cryosphere shrink and expand.This animation portrays fluctuations in the cryosphere through observations collected from a variety of satellite-based sensors. The animation begins in Antarctica, showing ice thickness ranging from 2.7 to 4.8 kilometers thick along with swaths of polar stratospheric clouds. In a tour of this frozen continent, the animation shows some unique features of the Antarctic landscape found nowhere else on earth. Ice shelves, ice streams, glaciers, and the formation of massive icebergs can be seen. A time series shows the movement of iceberg B15A, an iceberg 295 kilometers in length which broke off of the Ross Ice Shelf in 2000. Moving farther along the coastline, a time series of the Larsen ice shelf shows the collapse of over 3,200 square kilometers ice since January 2002. As we depart from the Antarctic, we see the seasonal change of sea ice and how it nearly doubles the size of the continent during the winter.From Antarctica, the animation travels over South America showing areas of permafrost over this mostly tropical continent. We then move further north to observe daily changes in snow cover over the North American continent. The clouds show winter storms moving across the United States and Canada, leaving trails of snow cover behind. In a close-up view of the western US, we compare the difference in land cover between two years: 2003 when the region received a normal amount of snow and 2002 when little snow was accumulated. The difference in the surrounding vegetation due to the lack of spring melt water from the mountain snow pack is evident.As the animation moves from the western US to the Arctic region, the areas effected by permafrost are visible. In December, we see how the incoming solar radiation primarily heats the Southern Hemisphere. As time marches forward from December to June, the daily snow and sea ice recede as the incoming solar radiation moves northward to warm the Northern Hemisphere.Using satellite swaths that wrap the globe, the animation shows three types of instantaneous measurements of solar radiation observed on June 20, 2003: shortwave (reflected) radiation, longwave (thermal) radiation and net flux (showing areas of heating and cooling). Correlation between reflected radiation and clouds are evident. When the animation fades to show the monthly global average net flux, we see that the polar regions serve to cool the global climate by radiating solar energy back into space throughout the year.The animation shows a one-year cycle of the monthly average Arctic sea ice concentration followed by the mean September minimum sea ice for each year from 1979 through 2004. A red outline indicates the mean sea ice extent for September over 22 years, from 1979 to 2002. The minimum Arctic sea ice animation clearly shows how over the last 5 years the quantity of polar ice has decreased by 10 - 14% from the 22 year average.While moving from the Arctic to Greenland, the animation shows the constant motion of the Arctic polar ice using daily measures of sea ice activity. Sea ice flows from the Arctic into Baffin Bay as the seasonal ice expands southward. As we draw close to the Greenland coast, the animation shows the recent changes in the Jakobshavn glacier. Although Jakobshavn receded only slightly from 1042 to 2001, the animation shows significant recession over the past three years, from 2002 through 2004.This animation shows a wealth of data collected from satellite observations of the cryosphere and the impact that recent cryospheric changes are making on our planet.For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website. || ",
            "hits": 120
        },
        {
            "id": 3185,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3185/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-07-01T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Snow Climatology, 1979-2002 (WMS)",
            "description": "The extent of snow and ice that covers the earth's surface in the northern hemisphere grows and shrinks with the seasons. This animations shows the average snow and ice cover for a given month over a 24-year period, 1979 - 2002. It shows how often a particular point is covered with snow in a given month. The SVS Image Server gives each particular image in the animation the last date for which the data was used in creating that image, even though each of the images covers a span of years for a particular month. || ",
            "hits": 19
        },
        {
            "id": 3186,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3186/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-07-01T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Minimum Sea Ice Extent (WMS)",
            "description": "Each year, the ice covering the Arctic Ocean grows during the northern hemisphere winter and shrinks with the northern hemisphere summer. The ice extent is usually greatest during the month of March and is the least during the month of September. This image shows the average minimum extent of sea ice over the northern hemisphere during the month of September over 24 seasons, from 1979 - 2002. The red line shows the area where the average sea ice concentration is 15%. || ",
            "hits": 16
        },
        {
            "id": 3166,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3166/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-06-04T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Sea Ice Climatology, 1979-2002 (WMS)",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. Because the extent of the sea ice is important both for the Arctic marine ecology and for the role it plays in the Earth's climate, understanding the variation of this extent during the year and from year-to-year is vital. The first step in understanding the behavior of the sea ice is to calculate the average behavior of the sea ice over a single year. This behavior, called the climatology, is calculated by averaging the sea ice concentration over each month of a long period, in this case from October 1978 through September 2002. This animation shows the 23-year average sea ice concentration in the northern hemisphere for each particular month of the year. Generally, the minimum extent of sea ice occurs in September, and the maximum occurs in March. || ",
            "hits": 15
        },
        {
            "id": 3167,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3167/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-06-04T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "September Minimum Sea Ice Concentration, 1979-2004 (WMS)",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. Because the extent of the sea ice is important both for the Arctic marine ecology and for the role it plays in the Earth's climate, understanding the variation of this extent during the year and from year-to-year is vital. Each year, the minimum sea ice extent in the northern hemisphere occurs at the end of summer, in September. By comparing the extent of the sea ice in September over many successive years, long term trends in the polar climate can be assessed. This animation shows the minimum sea ice concentration in the northern hemisphere in September between 1979 and 2004. Since 1999, this minimum has shown an ice extent that is consistently 10% to 15% smaller than the average extent over the past 20 years. || ",
            "hits": 13
        },
        {
            "id": 2473,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2473/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2002-12-31T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Perennial Ice Cover: The Data (1978-2001)",
            "description": "A view of the arctic perennial ice cover from 1978 to 2001.  The rate of decline averages 9 percent per decade. || Movie of observed changes in perennial ice coverage. || a002473.00100_print.png (720x480) [565.8 KB] || per_ice_observed_pre.jpg (320x240) [13.7 KB] || a002473.webmhd.webm (960x540) [4.2 MB] || per_ice_observed.mpg (640x480) [6.1 MB] || a002473.dv (720x480) [60.4 MB] || ",
            "hits": 7
        },
        {
            "id": 2474,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2474/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2002-12-31T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Perennial Ice Cover: The Projection (2002-2075)",
            "description": "Projection of the decline in perennial ice cover assuming a loss rate of 9 percent per decade. || Projected changes in perennial ice coverage to 2075. || a002474.00005_print.png (720x480) [597.1 KB] || per_ice_projected_pre.jpg (320x240) [14.7 KB] || a002474.webmhd.webm (960x540) [3.2 MB] || per_ice_projected.mpg (640x480) [3.9 MB] || a002474.dv (720x480) [46.6 MB] || ",
            "hits": 12
        },
        {
            "id": 2475,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2475/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2002-12-31T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Perennial Ice Cover: Data (1978-2001) and Projection",
            "description": "A view of the arctic perennial ice cover from 1978 to 2001.  The rate of decline averages 9 percent per decade.  After 2001, it displays the projected decline in perennial ice cover assuming a loss rate of 9 percent per decade. || Movie of data and projected to 2075. || a002475.00100_print.png (720x480) [565.0 KB] || per_ice_total_pre.jpg (320x240) [13.7 KB] || a002475.webmhd.webm (960x540) [6.1 MB] || per_ice_total.mpg (640x480) [9.9 MB] || a002475.dv (720x480) [84.8 MB] || ",
            "hits": 13
        }
    ]
}