{ "count": 9, "next": null, "previous": null, "results": [ { "id": 31392, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31392/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2026-04-20T18:59:59-04:00", "title": "Antarctic Ozone Hole Maximum Area, 1979-2025", "description": "Visualization of Antarctic ozone on the day each year when the ozone hole was at its largest size.", "hits": 624 }, { "id": 5325, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5325/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2024-06-19T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Tropspheric NO2 Column over Eastern United States, 2015-2023", "description": "Tropspheric NO2 column over Eastern United States, 2015-2023 || NO2_NE_2015-2023_1080p30.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [158.6 KB] || NO2_NE_2015-2023_1080p30.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [79.5 KB] || NO2_NE_2015-2023_1080p30.00001_thm.png (80x40) [5.9 KB] || NO2_NE_2015-2023_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [13.1 MB] || This animation is an update to svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4810, extending the visualization of OMI nitrogen dioxide data through 2023. || ", "hits": 208 }, { "id": 4835, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4835/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2020-06-18T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "NO2 Decline Related to Restrictions Due to COVID-19 in South America", "description": "On June 1, the World Health Organization noted that Central and South American countries have become “the intense zones” for COVID-19 transmission. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on board NASA’s Aura satellite provides data that indicate that restrictions on human activity have led to about a 36% decrease in NO2 levels in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, relative to previous years. Other large cities in South America show similar decreases in NO2: 36% in Santiago, Chile; 35% in São Paolo, Brazil; and 40% in Buenos Aires, Argentina. One notable exception is in Lima, Peru, showing a 69% decrease. The large decrease may partly be associated with natural variations in weather that can, for instance, disperse air pollution more quickly. Additional analysis is required to determine the amount of the decrease of NO2 in Lima that is associated with a decrease in human activity. A notable increase in NO2 occurred in northern South America, which is likely associated with increased agricultural burning in 2020 relative to previous years. || ", "hits": 67 }, { "id": 31142, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31142/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2020-05-18T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "COVID-19: NASA Satellite Data Show Drop in Air Pollution Over U.S.", "description": "Tropospheric NO2 Column, March 15-April 15 2015-2019 average vs. 2020, USA regions || 3-regions_1080p.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [141.7 KB] || 3-regions_1080p.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [62.9 KB] || 3-regions_1080p.00001_thm.png (80x40) [5.2 KB] || 3-regions_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [1.9 MB] || 3-regions_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [1.0 MB] || 3-regions_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [2.3 MB] || 3-regions_2160p.mp4 (3840x2160) [5.6 MB] || ", "hits": 157 }, { "id": 4810, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4810/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2020-04-24T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Reductions in Pollution Associated with Decreased Fossil Fuel Use Resulting from COVID-19 Mitigation", "description": "Over the past several weeks, the United States has seen significant reductions in air pollution over its major metropolitan areas. Similar reductions in air pollution have been observed in other regions of the world. || Tropospheric NO2 Column, Animated GIF || cropped_NO2_2019_2020.gif (848x862) [54.4 MB] || cropped_NO2_2019_2020_print.jpg (1024x1040) [318.2 KB] || cropped_NO2_2019_2020_searchweb.png (320x180) [102.2 KB] || ", "hits": 122 }, { "id": 30366, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30366/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Monthly Total Column Ozone", "description": "Ozone gas is a form of oxygen in which each molecule has three oxygen atoms instead of two. Near the ground, ozone is a pollutant that forms when byproducts of burning coal, oil, or gasoline mix with water vapor in the presence of sunlight. In the stratosphere, however, ozone forms naturally and absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation known as UV-B. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA’s Aura satellite provides daily total-column ozone, which is how much ozone is present in a column of the atmosphere stretching from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. Therefore, it includes both ground-level and stratospheric ozone.These maps show monthly total-column ozone as measured by OMI from October 2004 to the present. Ozone concentrations are measured in Dobson Units. A Dobson Unit is the amount of ozone that would be required to create a layer of pure ozone 0.01 millimeters thick at the Earth’s surface, at a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 1 atmosphere. || ", "hits": 131 }, { "id": 3737, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3737/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-06-22T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Tropospheric Column Ozone", "description": "These visuals present retrieved global distribution of tropospheric column ozone from NASA's AURA spacecraft. Tropospheric ozone is close the ground and a component of pollution. This should be distinguished from high-altitude (stratospheric) ozone which shields the Earth's surface from ultraviolet radiation. Ozone measurements from the OMI and MLS instruments on board the Aura satellite are used for deriving global distributions of tropospheric column ozone (TCO). TCO is determined using the tropospheric ozone residual method which involves subtracting measurements of MLS stratospheric column ozone (SCO) from OMI total column ozone after adjusting for intercalibration differences of the two instruments using the convective-cloud differential method. The derived TCO field, which covers one complete year of mostly continuous daily measurements from January 2005 through December 2006, is used for studying the regional and global pollution on a timescale of a few days to months. MLS and OMI are two out of a total of four instruments on board the Aura spacecraft which is flown in a sunsynchronous polar orbit at 705 km altitude with a 98.2 degree inclination. The spacecraft has an equatorial crossing time of 1:45 pm (ascending node) with around 98.8 min per orbit (14.6 orbits per day on average). OMI is a nadir-scanning instrument that at visible (350-500 nm) and UV wavelength channels (UV-1: 270-314 nm; UV-2: 306-380 nm) detects backscattered solar radiance to measure column ozone. The MLS instrument is a thermal-emission microwave limb sounder that measures vertical profiles of mesospheric, stratospheric, and upper tropospheric temperature, ozone and other constituents from limb scans ahead of the Aura satellite. The MLS profile measurements are taken about 7 min before OMI views the same location during ascending (daytime) orbital tracks. These are referred as \"collocated\" measurements between OMI and MLS. The data shows signals due to convection, biomass burning, stratospheric influence, pollution, and transport. They are capable of capturing the spatiotemporal evolution of tropospheric column ozone. For more information see the links below: http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/environment/ozone_resource_page.htmlhttp://acdb-ext.gsfc.nasa.gov/Data_services/cloud_slice/#nd || ", "hits": 63 }, { "id": 3256, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3256/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2006-10-26T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "The 2005 Antarctic Ozone Hole", "description": "A relatively warm Antarctic winter in 2005 kept the thinning of the protective ozone layer over Antarctica, known as the ozone 'hole,' slightly smaller than in 2004. The ozone hole is not technically a 'hole' where no ozone is present, but is actually a region of exceptionally depleted ozone in the stratosphere over the Antarctic that happens at the beginning of Southern Hemisphere spring (August-October). The average concentration of ozone in the atmosphere is about 300 Dobson Units; any area where the concentration drops below 220 Dobson Units is considered part of the ozone hole. Each year the 'hole' expands over Antarctica, sometimes reaching populated areas of South America and exposing them to ultraviolet rays normally absorbed by ozone. This data was acquired by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on NASA's Aura satellite, NASA's newest tool to study this annual phenonmenon. On September 15, 2005, ozone thinning over Antarctica reached its maximum extent for the year at 24.2 million square kilometers (9.4 million square miles). The largest maximum area on record was 29.2 million square kilometers, in 2000. || ", "hits": 54 }, { "id": 3303, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3303/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-12-05T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Antarctic Ozone Hole in 2005", "description": "A relatively warm Antarctic winter in 2005 kept the thinning of the protective ozone layer over Antarctica, known as the 'ozone hole', slightly smaller than in 2004. The ozone hole is not technically a 'hole' where no ozone is present, but is actually a region of exceptionally depleted ozone in the stratosphere over the Antarctic that happens at the beginning of Southern Hemisphere spring (August-October). The average concentration of ozone in the atmosphere is about 300 Dobson Units; any area where the concentration drops below 220 Dobson Units is considered part of the ozone hole. Each year the 'hole' expands over Antarctica, sometimes reaching populated areas of South America and exposing them to ultraviolet rays normally absorbed by ozone. The data in these omages were acquired by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on NASA's Aura satellite. On September 11, 2005, ozone thinning over Antarctica reached its maximum extent for the year at 27 millions of square kilometers. On October 1, 2005 the minimum ozone value was recorded at 102 Dobson Units. || ", "hits": 19 } ] }