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        {
            "id": 3595,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3595/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-07-27T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Sentinels of the Heliosphere",
            "description": "Heliophysics is a term to describe the study of the Sun, its atmosphere or the heliosphere, and the planets within it as a system. As a result, it encompasses the study of planetary atmospheres and their magnetic environment, or magnetospheres. These environments are important in the study of space weather.As a society dependent on technology, both in everyday life, and as part of our economic growth, space weather becomes increasingly important. Changes in space weather, either by solar events or geomagnetic events, can disrupt and even damage power grids and satellite communications. Space weather events can also generate x-rays and gamma-rays, as well as particle radiations, that can jeopardize the lives of astronauts living and working in space.This visualization tours the regions of near-Earth orbit; the Earth's magnetosphere, sometimes called geospace; the region between the Earth and the Sun; and finally out beyond Pluto, where Voyager 1 and 2 are exploring the boundary between the Sun and the rest of our Milky Way galaxy. Along the way, we see these regions patrolled by a fleet of satellites that make up NASA's Heliophysics Observatory Telescopes. Many of these spacecraft do not take images in the conventional sense but record fields, particle energies and fluxes in situ. Many of these missions are operated in conjunction with international partners, such as the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Japanese Space Agency (JAXA).The Earth and distances are to scale. Larger objects are used to represent the satellites and other planets for clarity.Here are the spacecraft featured in this movie:Near-Earth Fleet:Hinode: Observes the Sun in multiple wavelengths up to x-rays. SVS pageRHESSI : Observes the Sun in x-rays and gamma-rays. SVS pageTRACE: Observes the Sun in visible and ultraviolet wavelengths. SVS pageTIMED: Studies the upper layers (40-110 miles up) of the Earth's atmosphere.FAST: Measures particles and fields in regions where aurora form.CINDI: Measures interactions of neutral and charged particles in the ionosphere. AIM: Images and measures noctilucent clouds. SVS pageGeospace Fleet:Geotail: Conducts measurements of electrons and ions in the Earth's magnetotail. Cluster: This is a group of four satellites which fly in formation to measure how particles and fields in the magnetosphere vary in space and time. SVS pageTHEMIS: This is a fleet of five satellites to study how magnetospheric instabilities produce substorms. SVS pageL1 Fleet: The L1 point is a Lagrange Point, a point between the Earth and the Sun where the gravitational pull is approximately equal. Spacecraft can orbit this location for continuous coverage of the Sun.SOHO: Studies the Sun with cameras and a multitude of other instruments. SVS pageACE: Measures the composition and characteristics of the solar wind. Wind: Measures particle flows and fields in the solar wind. Heliospheric FleetSTEREO-A and B: These two satellites observe the Sun, with imagers and particle detectors, off the Earth-Sun line, providing a 3-D view of solar activity. SVS pageHeliopause FleetVoyager 1 and 2: These spacecraft conducted the original 'Planetary Grand Tour' of the solar system in the 1970s and 1980s. They have now travelled further than any human-built spacecraft and are still returning measurements of the interplanetary medium. SVS pageThis enhanced, narrated visualization was shown at the SIGGRAPH 2009 Computer Animation Festival in New Orleans, LA in August 2009; an eariler version created for AGU was called NASA's Heliophysics Observatories Study the Sun and Geospace. || ",
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        },
        {
            "id": 3569,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3569/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-12-16T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "THEMIS Dayside Science - Sampling the Bow Shock",
            "description": "In the early part of the mission, the five THEMIS satellites follow the same orbit single-file. The apogee of the orbit takes the spacecraft just beyond the bow shock of Earth's magnetosphere. This enables the closely spaced satellites to measure the thickness of the different regions that they encounter. || ",
            "hits": 14
        },
        {
            "id": 10355,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10355/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2008-12-16T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "THEMIS discovers biggest breach of Earth's solar storm shield",
            "description": "The latest findings from the THEMIS mission: Earth's magnetic field, which shields our planet from severe space weather, often develops two holes ten times larger than anything previously though to exist, allowing solar particles in. || FSR1067.00852_print.jpg (1024x576) [78.7 KB] || FSR1067_web.png (320x180) [278.2 KB] || FSR1067_thm.png (80x40) [16.2 KB] || FSR_720p.webmhd.webm (960x540) [6.7 MB] || 1280x720_16x9_60p (1280x720) [64.0 KB] || FSR_720p.m2v (1280x720) [116.5 MB] || a010355_FSR_720p.mp4 (640x360) [4.4 MB] || FSR_512x288.m1v (512x288) [25.6 MB] || ",
            "hits": 64
        },
        {
            "id": 3570,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3570/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-12-15T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "NASA's Heliophysics Observatories Study the Sun and Geospace",
            "description": "Heliophysics is a term to describe the study of the Sun, its atmosphere or the heliosphere, and the planets within it as a system. As a result, it encompasses the study of planetary atmospheres and their magnetic environment, or magnetospheres. These environments are important in the study of space weather.As a society dependent on technology, both in everyday life, and as part of our economic growth, space weather becomes increasingly important. Changes in space weather, either by solar events or geomagnetic events, can disrupt and even damage power grids and satellite communications. Space weather events can also generate x-rays and gamma-rays, as well as particle radiations, that can jeopardize the lives of astronauts living and working in space.This visualization tours the regions of near-Earth orbit; the Earth's magnetosphere, sometimes called geospace; the region between the Earth and the Sun; and finally out beyond Pluto, where Voyager 1 and 2 are exploring the boundary between the Sun and the rest of our Milky Way galaxy. Along the way, we see these regions patrolled by a fleet of satellites that make up NASA's Heliophysics Observatory Telescopes. Many of these spacecraft do not take images in the conventional sense but record fields, particle energies and fluxes in situ. Many of these missions are operated in conjunction with international partners, such as the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Japanese Space Agency (JAXA).The Earth and distances are to scale. Larger objects are used to represent the satellites and other planets for clarity.Here are the spacecraft featured in this movie:Near-Earth Fleet:Hinode: Observes the Sun in multiple wavelengths up to x-rays. SVS pageRHESSI : Observes the Sun in x-rays and gamma-rays. SVS pageTRACE: Observes the Sun in visible and ultraviolet wavelengths. SVS pageTIMED: Studies the upper layers (40-110 miles up) of the Earth's atmosphere.FAST: Measures particles and fields in regions where aurora form.CINDI: Measures interactions of neutral and charged particles in the ionosphere. AIM: Images and measures noctilucent clouds. SVS pageGeospace Fleet:Geotail: Conducts measurements of electrons and ions in the Earth's magnetotail. Cluster: This is a group of four satellites which fly in formation to measure how particles and fields in the magnetosphere vary in space and time. SVS pageTHEMIS: This is a fleet of five satellites to study how magnetospheric instabilities produce substorms. SVS pageL1 Fleet: The L1 point is a Lagrange Point between the Sun and the Earth. Spacecraft can orbit this location for continuous coverage of the Sun.SOHO: Studies the Sun with cameras and a multitude of other instruments. SVS pageACE: Measures the composition and characteristics of the solar wind. Wind: Measures particle flows and fields in the solar wind. Heliospheric FleetSTEREO-A and B: These two satellites observe the Sun, with imagers and particle detectors, off the Earth-Sun line, providing a 3-D view of solar activity. SVS pageHeliopause FleetVoyager 1 and 2: These spacecraft conducted the original 'Planetary Grand Tour' of the solar system in the 1970s and 1980s. They have now travelled further than any human-built spacecraft and are still returning measurements of the interplanetary medium. SVS pageA refined and narrated version of this visualization, Sentinels of the Heliosphere, is now available. || ",
            "hits": 98
        },
        {
            "id": 10356,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10356/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2008-12-15T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "THEMIS Discovers Biggest Breach of Earth's Magnetosphere",
            "description": "NASA's THEMIS mission has overturned a longstanding belief about the interaction between solar particles and Earth's protective magnetic field. This new discovery could help scientists predict when the solar storms that can disrupt power grids, satellites and even GPS signals, could be especially severe.For more information: www.nasa.gov/themisFor complete transcript, click here. || THEMIS_ipodLG.00702_print.jpg (1024x576) [97.3 KB] || THEMIS_ipodLG_web.png (180x320) [228.6 KB] || THEMIS_ipodLG_thm.png (80x40) [16.4 KB] || THEMIS_AppleTV.webmhd.webm (960x540) [32.1 MB] || THEMIS_1280.mov (1280x720) [83.9 MB] || THEMIS_AppleTV.m4v (960x540) [81.1 MB] || THEMIS_ipodLG.m4v (640x360) [26.4 MB] || THEMIS_svsLG.mpg (640x360) [31.9 MB] || THEMIS_YouTube.mov (640x480) [30.0 MB] || THEMIS320.mp4 (320x240) [6.2 MB] || THEMIS_ipodSM.m4v (320x180) [12.0 MB] || THEMIS_svsSM.mpg (512x288) [21.4 MB] || THEMIS.wmv (346x260) [20.1 MB] || ",
            "hits": 143
        },
        {
            "id": 20141,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20141/",
            "result_type": "Animation",
            "release_date": "2008-07-24T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "THEMIS Sees Magnetic Reconnection",
            "description": "THEMIS observations confirm for the first time that magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail triggers the onset of substorms. Substorms are the sudden violent eruptions of space weather that release solar energy trapped in the Earth's magnetic field. || ",
            "hits": 140
        },
        {
            "id": 3478,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3478/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-12-11T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "THEMIS Explores the Earth's Bow Shock",
            "description": "The solar wind's first contact with the Earth's magnetic field creates a region known as the bow shock, much like the bow wave of a boat moving through the water. This region can also create additional turbulence which generates bursts of explosion-like currents. In this visualization, the orbits of the THEMIS fleet are combined with a 2-D slice from a hybrid magnetosphere simulation which illustrates these turbulent regions in the bow shock. This hybrid magnetosphere simulation treats the slow-moving ions by particle-in-cell computational methods and the faster electrons as a massless fluid. These simulations more accurately represent the magnetospheric physics, enabling a view of turbulent non-linear processes not visible in the simpler magnetohydrodynamic models. In this simulation, the color table is somewhat unusual. In order of increasing density, the colors run from white through violet, blue, green to black. || ",
            "hits": 93
        },
        {
            "id": 3485,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3485/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-12-10T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "THEMIS and the March 2007 Substorm",
            "description": "NASA's Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) mission observed the dynamics of a rapidly developing substorm in March of 2007.  This visualization combines the orbits of the THEMIS satellites with a magnetohydrodynamical simulation of the Earth's magnetosphere corresponding to this time. || ",
            "hits": 31
        },
        {
            "id": 20096,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20096/",
            "result_type": "Animation",
            "release_date": "2007-01-11T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "THEMIS Launch and Deployment",
            "description": "THEMIS (Time History of Events and Microscale Interactions durind Substorms) answers fundamental outstanding questions regarding the magnetospheric substorm instability, a dominant mechanism of transport and explosive release of solar wind energy within Geospace. THEMIS will elucidate which magnetotail process is responsible for substorm onset at the region where substorm auroras map (~10Re): (i) a local disruption of the plasma sheet current or (ii) that current's interaction with the rapid influx of plasma emanating from lobe flux annihilation at ~25Re. Correlative observations from long-baseline (2-25 Re) probe conjunctions, will delineate the causal relationship and macroscale interaction between the substorm components. THEMIS's five identical probes measure particles and fields on orbits which optimize tail-aligned conjunctions over North America. || ",
            "hits": 82
        },
        {
            "id": 20087,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20087/",
            "result_type": "Animation",
            "release_date": "2006-08-08T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "THEMIS Beauty Pass",
            "description": "A closer look at one of the THEMIS spacecraft. || themis.000100077_print.jpg (1023x682) [86.1 KB] || themis.0001_web.png (320x216) [104.5 KB] || a010094_seq.webmhd.webm (960x540) [4.0 MB] || 720x486_4x3_29.97p (720x486) [64.0 KB] || themis_640x480.mov (640x480) [35.5 MB] || a010094_seq.mpg (720x480) [19.9 MB] || a010094_H264_640x480.mp4 (640x480) [11.5 MB] || themis_320x240.mov (360x240) [12.2 MB] || ",
            "hits": 29
        },
        {
            "id": 3356,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3356/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2006-05-22T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "THEMIS Mission and Substorm Simulation",
            "description": "This visualization combines simulations of the THEMIS (Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms) mission orbits with a GGCM (Geospace General Circulation Model) simulation.  It illustrates how the five THEMIS satellites will work together to detect substorm events in the magnetosphere.  One goal of the THEMIS mission is to test how these substorm events are related to the formation of the aurora.This mission consists of five identical spacecraft (usually designated P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5) with orbits aligned so they reach their apogee along the same line from the Earth.  This alignment remains fixed in space so as the Earth moves around the Sun, the constellation of spacecraft will extend on the nightside of the Earth in winter to sample the Earth's magnetosphere, and on the dayside of the Earth in summer to sample the incoming solar wind.  This way they can better map the geospace environment.Probes P1 and P2 are called the 'outer probes' and P3, 4, and 5 are the 'inner probes'.  P3 and P4 share the same orbit.  The outer probes will detect the onset of the substorm, while the inner probes will monitor the Earthward plasma flows from the event.For more information on the GGCM model, visit the Community Coordinated Modeling Center and OpenGGCM. || ",
            "hits": 38
        }
    ]
}