{ "id": 5503, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5503/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "ESCAPADE Theoretical Flight Through Active Mars Magnetosphere", "description": "NASA's Escape and Plasma Acceleration Dynamics Explorers mission, or ESCAPADE, aims to study Mars' real-time response to the solar wind and how the Martian magnetosphere changes over time, helping us better understand Mars' climate history. In this data visualization, we use the September 13, 2017 solar storm that arrived at Mars as an example of a storm that the twin ESCAPADE spacecraft might study.", "release_date": "2025-11-19T12:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-11-18T17:17:11.204487-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 1153062, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005500/a005503/marsMagnetosphere_VelTracersExtended_9-6-2024a_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_noArrow_4k.00420_print.jpg", "filename": "marsMagnetosphere_VelTracersExtended_9-6-2024a_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_noArrow_4k.00420_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Mars's magnetosphere experienced a strong solar wind storm on September 13, 2017. The induced magnetic field, generated by the storm's plasma interacting with the Martian ionosphere, was significantly stronger than usual and exceeded Mars' crustal magnetic field present in many localized regions of the planet.This data visualization shows time passing at 30 data simulation minutes per animation second.The solar storm can be seen contacting the Martian magnetosphere at 0:17 in the movie. The green current density shows where magnetic current is strong. Lines tracing out the magnetic field are purple in regions of weaker magnetism, and orange-yellow where the magnetic field is strongest.Cyan lines indicate the expected path of the ESCAPADE spacecraft during the first part of its mission, when the two spacecraft fly in tandem with one closely following the other.An alternate version of the data visualization with a sun-pointing arrow is available in the Download menu.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 }, "main_video": { "id": 1159583, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005500/a005503/marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_noArrow_1080p30.mp4", "filename": "marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_noArrow_1080p30.mp4", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Mars's magnetosphere experienced a strong solar wind storm on September 13, 2017. The induced magnetic field, generated by the storm's plasma interacting with the Martian ionosphere, was significantly stronger than usual and exceeded Mars' crustal magnetic field present in many localized regions of the planet.This data visualization shows time passing at 30 data simulation minutes per animation second.The solar storm can be seen contacting the Martian magnetosphere at 0:17 in the movie. The green current density shows where magnetic current is strong. Lines tracing out the magnetic field are purple in regions of weaker magnetism, and orange-yellow where the magnetic field is strongest.Cyan lines indicate the expected path of the ESCAPADE spacecraft during the first part of its mission, when the two spacecraft fly in tandem with one closely following the other.An alternate version of the data visualization with a sun-pointing arrow is available in the Download menu.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 }, "main_credits": { "Visualizations by": [ { "name": "AJ Christensen", "employer": "SSAI" } ], "Produced by": [ { "name": "Joy Ng", "employer": "eMITS" } ], "Scientific consulting by": [ { "name": "Yingjuan Ma", "employer": "UCLA" } ] }, "progress": "Complete", "media_groups": [ { "id": 377382, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5503/#media_group_377382", "widget": "Basic text with HTML", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "NASA's Escape and Plasma Acceleration Dynamics Explorers mission, or ESCAPADE, aims to study Mars' real-time response to the solar wind and how the Martian magnetosphere changes over time, helping us better understand Mars' climate history.

In this data visualization, we use the September 13, 2017 solar storm that arrived at Mars as an example of a storm that the twin ESCAPADE spacecraft might study.

The solar wind from that storm induced currents (green colors) and magnetic fields (pink lines), which combined with Mars' relatively weak and irregular native crustal magnetic fields to contribute to Mars’ \"hybrid\" magnetosphere. The visualization demonstrates how in the hours before and during the storm, Mars’ magnetosphere changes as the planet rotates to show a constantly changing magnetic \"face\" to the solar wind. Earth's magnetosphere, in comparison, is much stronger and more stable thanks to liquid metal moving inside our planet's core, so currents induced by the planet’s crust or solar activity are less significant components of the magnetic activity around Earth.", "items": [], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 377380, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5503/#media_group_377380", "widget": "Video player", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "Mars's magnetosphere experienced a strong solar wind storm on September 13, 2017. The induced magnetic field, generated by the storm's plasma interacting with the Martian ionosphere, was significantly stronger than usual and exceeded Mars' crustal magnetic field present in many localized regions of the planet.

This data visualization shows time passing at 30 data simulation minutes per animation second.

The solar storm can be seen contacting the Martian magnetosphere at 0:17 in the movie. The green current density shows where magnetic current is strong. Lines tracing out the magnetic field are purple in regions of weaker magnetism, and orange-yellow where the magnetic field is strongest.

Cyan lines indicate the expected path of the ESCAPADE spacecraft during the first part of its mission, when the two spacecraft fly in tandem with one closely following the other.

An alternate version of the data visualization with a sun-pointing arrow is available in the Download menu.", "items": [ { "id": 457930, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": "", "instance": { "id": 1153062, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005500/a005503/marsMagnetosphere_VelTracersExtended_9-6-2024a_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_noArrow_4k.00420_print.jpg", "filename": "marsMagnetosphere_VelTracersExtended_9-6-2024a_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_noArrow_4k.00420_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Mars's magnetosphere experienced a strong solar wind storm on September 13, 2017. The induced magnetic field, generated by the storm's plasma interacting with the Martian ionosphere, was significantly stronger than usual and exceeded Mars' crustal magnetic field present in many localized regions of the planet.This data visualization shows time passing at 30 data simulation minutes per animation second.The solar storm can be seen contacting the Martian magnetosphere at 0:17 in the movie. The green current density shows where magnetic current is strong. Lines tracing out the magnetic field are purple in regions of weaker magnetism, and orange-yellow where the magnetic field is strongest.Cyan lines indicate the expected path of the ESCAPADE spacecraft during the first part of its mission, when the two spacecraft fly in tandem with one closely following the other.An alternate version of the data visualization with a sun-pointing arrow is available in the Download menu.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 457932, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": "", "instance": { "id": 1153064, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005500/a005503/marsMagnetosphere_VelTracersExtended_9-6-2024a_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_noArrow_4k.00420_web.png", "filename": "marsMagnetosphere_VelTracersExtended_9-6-2024a_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_noArrow_4k.00420_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Mars's magnetosphere experienced a strong solar wind storm on September 13, 2017. The induced magnetic field, generated by the storm's plasma interacting with the Martian ionosphere, was significantly stronger than usual and exceeded Mars' crustal magnetic field present in many localized regions of the planet.This data visualization shows time passing at 30 data simulation minutes per animation second.The solar storm can be seen contacting the Martian magnetosphere at 0:17 in the movie. The green current density shows where magnetic current is strong. Lines tracing out the magnetic field are purple in regions of weaker magnetism, and orange-yellow where the magnetic field is strongest.Cyan lines indicate the expected path of the ESCAPADE spacecraft during the first part of its mission, when the two spacecraft fly in tandem with one closely following the other.An alternate version of the data visualization with a sun-pointing arrow is available in the Download menu.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } }, { "id": 457931, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": "", "instance": { "id": 1153063, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005500/a005503/marsMagnetosphere_VelTracersExtended_9-6-2024a_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_noArrow_4k.00420_searchweb.png", "filename": "marsMagnetosphere_VelTracersExtended_9-6-2024a_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_noArrow_4k.00420_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Mars's magnetosphere experienced a strong solar wind storm on September 13, 2017. The induced magnetic field, generated by the storm's plasma interacting with the Martian ionosphere, was significantly stronger than usual and exceeded Mars' crustal magnetic field present in many localized regions of the planet.This data visualization shows time passing at 30 data simulation minutes per animation second.The solar storm can be seen contacting the Martian magnetosphere at 0:17 in the movie. The green current density shows where magnetic current is strong. Lines tracing out the magnetic field are purple in regions of weaker magnetism, and orange-yellow where the magnetic field is strongest.Cyan lines indicate the expected path of the ESCAPADE spacecraft during the first part of its mission, when the two spacecraft fly in tandem with one closely following the other.An alternate version of the data visualization with a sun-pointing arrow is available in the Download menu.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } }, { "id": 457933, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": "", "instance": { "id": 1153065, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005500/a005503/marsMagnetosphere_VelTracersExtended_9-6-2024a_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_noArrow_4k.00420_thm.png", "filename": "marsMagnetosphere_VelTracersExtended_9-6-2024a_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_noArrow_4k.00420_thm.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Mars's magnetosphere experienced a strong solar wind storm on September 13, 2017. The induced magnetic field, generated by the storm's plasma interacting with the Martian ionosphere, was significantly stronger than usual and exceeded Mars' crustal magnetic field present in many localized regions of the planet.This data visualization shows time passing at 30 data simulation minutes per animation second.The solar storm can be seen contacting the Martian magnetosphere at 0:17 in the movie. The green current density shows where magnetic current is strong. Lines tracing out the magnetic field are purple in regions of weaker magnetism, and orange-yellow where the magnetic field is strongest.Cyan lines indicate the expected path of the ESCAPADE spacecraft during the first part of its mission, when the two spacecraft fly in tandem with one closely following the other.An alternate version of the data visualization with a sun-pointing arrow is available in the Download menu.", "width": 80, "height": 40, "pixels": 3200 } }, { "id": 498891, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": "", "instance": { "id": 1159583, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005500/a005503/marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_noArrow_1080p30.mp4", "filename": "marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_noArrow_1080p30.mp4", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Mars's magnetosphere experienced a strong solar wind storm on September 13, 2017. The induced magnetic field, generated by the storm's plasma interacting with the Martian ionosphere, was significantly stronger than usual and exceeded Mars' crustal magnetic field present in many localized regions of the planet.This data visualization shows time passing at 30 data simulation minutes per animation second.The solar storm can be seen contacting the Martian magnetosphere at 0:17 in the movie. The green current density shows where magnetic current is strong. Lines tracing out the magnetic field are purple in regions of weaker magnetism, and orange-yellow where the magnetic field is strongest.Cyan lines indicate the expected path of the ESCAPADE spacecraft during the first part of its mission, when the two spacecraft fly in tandem with one closely following the other.An alternate version of the data visualization with a sun-pointing arrow is available in the Download menu.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 498892, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": "", "instance": { "id": 1159584, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005500/a005503/marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_noArrow_4K.mp4", "filename": "marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_noArrow_4K.mp4", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Mars's magnetosphere experienced a strong solar wind storm on September 13, 2017. 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Lines tracing out the magnetic field are purple in regions of weaker magnetism, and orange-yellow where the magnetic field is strongest.Cyan lines indicate the expected path of the ESCAPADE spacecraft during the first part of its mission, when the two spacecraft fly in tandem with one closely following the other.An alternate version of the data visualization with a sun-pointing arrow is available in the Download menu.", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } }, { "id": 498893, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": "", "instance": { "id": 1159585, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005500/a005503/marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_arrow_1080p30.mp4", "filename": "marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_arrow_1080p30.mp4", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Mars's magnetosphere experienced a strong solar wind storm on September 13, 2017. The induced magnetic field, generated by the storm's plasma interacting with the Martian ionosphere, was significantly stronger than usual and exceeded Mars' crustal magnetic field present in many localized regions of the planet.This data visualization shows time passing at 30 data simulation minutes per animation second.The solar storm can be seen contacting the Martian magnetosphere at 0:17 in the movie. The green current density shows where magnetic current is strong. Lines tracing out the magnetic field are purple in regions of weaker magnetism, and orange-yellow where the magnetic field is strongest.Cyan lines indicate the expected path of the ESCAPADE spacecraft during the first part of its mission, when the two spacecraft fly in tandem with one closely following the other.An alternate version of the data visualization with a sun-pointing arrow is available in the Download menu.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 498894, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": "", "instance": { "id": 1159586, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005500/a005503/marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_arrow_4K.mp4", "filename": "marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_arrow_4K.mp4", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Mars's magnetosphere experienced a strong solar wind storm on September 13, 2017. The induced magnetic field, generated by the storm's plasma interacting with the Martian ionosphere, was significantly stronger than usual and exceeded Mars' crustal magnetic field present in many localized regions of the planet.This data visualization shows time passing at 30 data simulation minutes per animation second.The solar storm can be seen contacting the Martian magnetosphere at 0:17 in the movie. The green current density shows where magnetic current is strong. Lines tracing out the magnetic field are purple in regions of weaker magnetism, and orange-yellow where the magnetic field is strongest.Cyan lines indicate the expected path of the ESCAPADE spacecraft during the first part of its mission, when the two spacecraft fly in tandem with one closely following the other.An alternate version of the data visualization with a sun-pointing arrow is available in the Download menu.", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } }, { "id": 500304, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": "", "instance": { "id": 1159629, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005500/a005503/frames/3840x2160_16x9_30p/marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_noArrow_4K/", "filename": "marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_noArrow_4K", "media_type": "Frames", "alt_text": "Mars's magnetosphere experienced a strong solar wind storm on September 13, 2017. The induced magnetic field, generated by the storm's plasma interacting with the Martian ionosphere, was significantly stronger than usual and exceeded Mars' crustal magnetic field present in many localized regions of the planet.This data visualization shows time passing at 30 data simulation minutes per animation second.The solar storm can be seen contacting the Martian magnetosphere at 0:17 in the movie. The green current density shows where magnetic current is strong. Lines tracing out the magnetic field are purple in regions of weaker magnetism, and orange-yellow where the magnetic field is strongest.Cyan lines indicate the expected path of the ESCAPADE spacecraft during the first part of its mission, when the two spacecraft fly in tandem with one closely following the other.An alternate version of the data visualization with a sun-pointing arrow is available in the Download menu.", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } }, { "id": 500305, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": "", "instance": { "id": 1159630, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005500/a005503/frames/3840x2160_16x9_30p/marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_arrow_4K/", "filename": "marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_arrow_4K", "media_type": "Frames", "alt_text": "Mars's magnetosphere experienced a strong solar wind storm on September 13, 2017. The induced magnetic field, generated by the storm's plasma interacting with the Martian ionosphere, was significantly stronger than usual and exceeded Mars' crustal magnetic field present in many localized regions of the planet.This data visualization shows time passing at 30 data simulation minutes per animation second.The solar storm can be seen contacting the Martian magnetosphere at 0:17 in the movie. The green current density shows where magnetic current is strong. Lines tracing out the magnetic field are purple in regions of weaker magnetism, and orange-yellow where the magnetic field is strongest.Cyan lines indicate the expected path of the ESCAPADE spacecraft during the first part of its mission, when the two spacecraft fly in tandem with one closely following the other.An alternate version of the data visualization with a sun-pointing arrow is available in the Download menu.", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 377551, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5503/#media_group_377551", "widget": "Video player", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "This data visualization features the same data as above, but with a fixed side-on view.

An alternate version of the visualization with a sun-pointing arrow is available in the Download menu.", "items": [ { "id": 457934, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": "", "instance": { "id": 1153066, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005500/a005503/marsMagnetosphere_VelTracersExtended_9-6-2024a_jmag_normal_side_campaignA_noArrow_4k.00780_print.jpg", "filename": "marsMagnetosphere_VelTracersExtended_9-6-2024a_jmag_normal_side_campaignA_noArrow_4k.00780_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This data visualization features the same data as above, but with a fixed side-on view.An alternate version of the visualization with a sun-pointing arrow is available in the Download menu.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 457936, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": "", "instance": { "id": 1153068, "url": 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1159587, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005500/a005503/marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_side_campaignA_noArrow_1080p30.mp4", "filename": "marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_side_campaignA_noArrow_1080p30.mp4", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "This data visualization features the same data as above, but with a fixed side-on view.An alternate version of the visualization with a sun-pointing arrow is available in the Download menu.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 498896, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": "", "instance": { "id": 1159588, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005500/a005503/marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_side_campaignA_noArrow_4K.mp4", "filename": "marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_side_campaignA_noArrow_4K.mp4", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "This data visualization features the same data as above, but with a fixed side-on view.An alternate version of the visualization with a sun-pointing arrow is available in the Download menu.", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } }, { "id": 498897, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": "", "instance": { "id": 1159589, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005500/a005503/marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_side_campaignA_arrow_1080p30.mp4", "filename": "marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_side_campaignA_arrow_1080p30.mp4", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "This data visualization features the same data as above, but with a fixed side-on view.An alternate version of the visualization with a sun-pointing arrow is available in the Download menu.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 498898, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": "", "instance": { "id": 1159590, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005500/a005503/marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_side_campaignA_arrow_4K.mp4", "filename": "marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_side_campaignA_arrow_4K.mp4", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "This data visualization features the same data as above, but with a fixed side-on view.An alternate version of the visualization with a sun-pointing arrow is available in the Download menu.", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } }, { "id": 500306, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": "", "instance": { "id": 1159631, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005500/a005503/frames/3840x2160_16x9_30p/marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_side_campaignA_noArrow_4K/", "filename": "marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_side_campaignA_noArrow_4K", "media_type": "Frames", "alt_text": "This data visualization features the same data as above, but with a fixed side-on view.An alternate version of the visualization with a sun-pointing arrow is available in the Download menu.", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } }, { "id": 500308, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": "", "instance": { "id": 1159632, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005500/a005503/frames/3840x2160_16x9_30p/marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_side_campaignA_arrow_4K/", "filename": "marsMagnetosphere_pickups_10-21-2025b_jmag_normal_side_campaignA_arrow_4K", "media_type": "Frames", "alt_text": "This data visualization features the same data as above, but with a fixed side-on view.An alternate version of the visualization with a sun-pointing arrow is available in the Download menu.", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 377552, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5503/#media_group_377552", "widget": "Video player", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "This data visualization shows Mars' magnetosphere in the hour before the storm begins. The data driving this visualization is at a much higher time resolution, so the visualization appears to be moving in slow motion. This makes it easier to analyze certain dynamics in Mars' magnetosphere. The viewpoint is side-on and does not change.

Cyan lines indicate the expected path of the ESCAPADE spacecraft during the first part of its mission, when the two spacecraft fly in tandem with one closely following the other.

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The impact and solar wind proxy of the 2017 September ICME event at Mars. Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 7248–7256. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077707" ], "datasets": [ { "name": "Block Adaptive Tree Solar-wind Roe Upwind Scheme", "common_name": "BATS-R-US", "platform": null, "sensor": null, "type": "Model", "organizations": [], "description": "BATS-R-US was designed using the Message Passing Interface (MPI) and the Fortran90 standard and executes on a massively parallel computer system. The BATS-R-US code solves 3D MHD equations in finite volume form using numerical methods related to Roe's Approximate Riemann Solver. BATS-R-US uses an adaptive grid composed of rectangular blocks arranged in varying degrees of spatial refinement levels. It is part of the Space Weather Modeling Framework.", "credit": "What Sustained Multi-Disciplinary Research Can Achieve: The Space Weather Modeling Framework", "url": "https://clasp.engin.umich.edu/research/theory-computational-methods/space-weather-modeling-framework/swmf-downloadable-software/", "date_range": null } ], "nasa_science_categories": [ "Planets & Moons", "Sun" ], "keywords": [ "Coronal Mass Ejections", "Earth Science", "ESCAPADE", "Heliophysics", "Magnetosphere", "Mars", "Planets", "Solar Activity", "Solar System", "Solar Wind", "Space Weather", "Sun-earth Interactions" ], "recommended_pages": [], "related": [ { "id": 5617, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5617/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "ESCAPADE Visits the Distant Magnetotail", "description": "Launched on Nov. 13, 2025, NASA’s ESCAPADE (Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers) mission will use two identical spacecraft to investigate how the solar wind interacts with Mars’ magnetic environment and how this interaction drives the planet’s atmospheric escape.", "release_date": "2026-02-26T10:30:00-05:00", "update_date": "2026-02-27T16:54:57.323903-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 1202155, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005600/a005617/magnetotail_2-24-2026a_magnetotail_ESCAPADE_thumb.png", "filename": "magnetotail_2-24-2026a_magnetotail_ESCAPADE_thumb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This visualization shows a computer model of Earth's magnetotail evolving over the course of 8 hours, colored by temperature. The cyan trails show where the ESCAPADE spacecraft will be flying on March 4, 2026.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 14915, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14915/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "ESCAPADE Trajectory Animations", "description": "The Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers, or ESCAPADE, mission will use two identical spacecraft to investigate how the solar wind interacts with Mars’ magnetic environment and how this interaction drives the planet’s atmospheric escape. The first multi-spacecraft orbital science mission to the Red Planet, ESCAPADE’s twin orbiters will take simultaneous observations from different locations around Mars to reveal the planet’s real-time response to space weather and how the Martian magnetosphere changes over time.The ESCAPADE mission is being carried into orbit on the second launch of Blue Origin’s New Glenn rocket (NG-2) and is scheduled to launch in November 2025 from Cape Canaveral, Florida. New Glenn is a single-configuration, heavy-lift orbital launch vehicle capable of routinely carrying both spacecraft and people to low Earth orbits, geostationary transfer orbits, cislunar orbits (between Earth and the Moon), and beyond via Earth-departure orbits like the one required for ESCAPADE. The vehicle is named after John Glenn, the first American astronaut to orbit Earth.The ESCAPADE mission is managed by the Space Sciences Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, with key partners Rocket Lab, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Advanced Space LLC, and Blue Origin.Below are animations demonstrating the different phases of the mission's trajectory from traveling from Earth to Mars to implementing its science orbits around the Red Planet. || ", "release_date": "2025-11-13T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2026-03-03T15:00:18-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 1159346, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014900/a014915/14915_ESCAPADE_ScienceOrbitA_Thumb_print.jpg", "filename": "14915_ESCAPADE_ScienceOrbitA_Thumb_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "ESCAPADE - Science Orbit AAfter ESCAPADE reaches Mars, the two spacecraft will arrange themselves in their first science formation, in which the twin spacecraft will follow each other in the same orbit, passing through the same areas at different times to uncover when and where changes are happening at Mars. This science campaign will last for six months.Credit: Matt Bollinger/Advanced Space", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 5502, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5502/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Solar Storm Excites Martian Magnetosphere", "description": "On September 13, 2017, a coronal mass ejection from the Sun arrived at Mars. This data visualization shows how solar-wind-induced currents (green colors) and magnetic fields (pink lines) combine with Mars' relatively weak and irregular native crustal magnetic fields to contribute to Mars’ \"hybrid\" magnetosphere.", "release_date": "2025-04-07T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-11-19T17:17:34.104977-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 1152211, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005500/a005502/marsMagnetosphere_VelTracersExtended_10-8-2024a_jmag_normal_flightB_noAnnotation.00700_print.jpg", "filename": "marsMagnetosphere_VelTracersExtended_10-8-2024a_jmag_normal_flightB_noAnnotation.00700_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This data visualization shows the same data as above but from another angle.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 5193, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5193/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Geomagnetic Storm Causes Satellite Loss", "description": "In February 2022, a Coronal Mass Ejection led to 38 commercial satellites being lost. Solar plasma from a geomagnetic storm heated the atmosphere, causing denser gases to expand into the satellites’ orbit, which increased atmospheric drag on the satellites and caused them to de-orbit. Johns Hopkins APL-led Center for Geospace Storms (CGS) is building a Multiscale Atmosphere-Geospace Environment (MAGE) supercomputer model to predict space weather. The physics-based MAGE simulation reproduced the storm-time atmospheric density enhancement much better than empirical or standalone ionosphere-thermosphere models, emphasizing the need for fully-coupled whole-of-geospace models for predicting space weather events. || ", "release_date": "2023-12-11T09:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-05-13T14:44:14.429234-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 1087820, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005100/a005193/multiField_11-30-2023a_magnetosphere_anim_3x3Hyperwall.01500_print.jpg", "filename": "multiField_11-30-2023a_magnetosphere_anim_3x3Hyperwall.01500_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation demonstrates the Earth’s magnetosphere being hit by a geomagnetic storm on February 3, 2020, simulated by MAGE during the storm that caused the loss of commercial satellites.The green current density shows where magnetic current is strong. Lines tracing out the magnetic field are purple in regions of weaker magnetism, and orange-yellow where the magnetic field is strongest. Blue tracers in the velocity field represent the solar wind, and they have been calibrated to appear brightest when they are moving toward the Earth.Credit:NASA Scientific Visualization Studio and NASA DRIVE Science Center for Geospace Storms", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }