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"description": "这幅地图展示了 2024 年日全食期间月球阴影在美国境内的移动路径。2024 年 4 月 8 日，日全食将横穿北美及中美洲，形成全食路径。在日全食期间，月球将移动到太阳和地球之间，并将太阳光线完全遮挡住。届时天空将变得昏暗，仿佛处于黎明或黄昏时分，在天气条件允许的情况下，位于全食路径上的观测者可能会有机会观察到太阳的外围大气层（即日冕）。
地图是如何制作的
本幅地图基于多个美国国家航空航天局 (NASA) 任务的数据集制作而成。日食数据是由可视化专家 Ernie Wright 利用来源于 SRTM 的高程信息、来源于 LRO 的月球地形信息以及来源于 JPL DE421 天文历表中的行星位置信息计算得出的。地形图是由首席可视化专家 Michala Garrison 利用 NASA 的 Blue Marble Next Generation 项目提供的地球影像制作而成。同样地，在 2024 年日全食的路径上，也使用了 NASA 的 Black Marble 项目提供的夜间地球影像。
如何看懂这幅地图
地图上的深色路径代表着太阳被月球遮挡的面积最大的区域。此路径上的区域将会发生日全食现象。在深色日食路径内部可以看到不规则的椭圆形轮廓，这些轮廓勾勒出了月球在地球表面上的阴影。在日全食中，这些不规则的椭圆形轮廓被称为本影 (umbra)，它们勾勒出了全食的路径。在地图上，这些椭圆形轮廓内部包含了与当时日食期间月球阴影投射形状相对应的时间信息。
在深色路径内部还有持续时间等值线。这些等值线标示了全食的持续时间长度。距离日食路径中心越近，全食持续时间就越长。在全食路径上，日全食的持续时间最长可达 4 分钟。
地图上还显示了日食路径之外的遮蔽等值线，即太阳表面被月球覆盖的百分比。读者可以沿着地图四周印有从 95% 到 10% 遮蔽程度的等值线获取百分比数据。而深色路径表示的则是遮蔽程度达到 100%。
下载日食数据
2024 年日全食数据： 2024eclipse_shapefiles.zip
压缩包中包含了下列文件：
- center.shp 描绘了阴影中心路径的高清折线图。有地区限制。
- duration.shp 30 秒间隔时间的最长全食持续时间的等高线图。
- ppath.shp “半影路径”，5% 间隔时间的最大局部遮蔽程度（即太阳被月球覆盖的面积）的等高线图。
- ppath01.shp “半影路径”，1% 间隔时间的最大局部遮蔽程度（即太阳被月球覆盖的面积）的等高线图。
- umbra_hi.shp 1 秒间隔时间的高清本影多边图。有地区限制。
- umbra_lo.shp 10 秒间隔时间的较低分辨率版本的本影多边图。全球均可下载。
- upath_hi.shp 高清路径轮廓图。有地区限制。
- upath_lo.shp 较低分辨率版本的路径轮廓图。全球均可下载。
更多地图版本
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"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005100/a005123/eclipse_map_2024_QR_1920.png",
"filename": "eclipse_map_2024_QR_1920.png",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "The path of totality and partial contours crossing the U.S. for the 2024 total solar eclipse occurring on April 8, 2024.",
"width": 1920,
"height": 960,
"pixels": 1843200
}
}
]
}