The green current density shows where magnetic current is strong. Lines tracing out the magnetic field are purple in regions of weaker magnetism, and orange-yellow where the magnetic field is strongest. Blue tracers in the velocity field represent the solar wind, and they have been calibrated to appear brightest when they are moving toward the Earth.
Credit:
NASA Scientific Visualization Studio and NASA DRIVE Science Center for Geospace Storms", "items": [ { "id": 415975, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 1087820, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005100/a005193/multiField_11-30-2023a_magnetosphere_anim_3x3Hyperwall.01500_print.jpg", "filename": "multiField_11-30-2023a_magnetosphere_anim_3x3Hyperwall.01500_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation demonstrates the Earth’s magnetosphere being hit by a geomagnetic storm on February 3, 2020, simulated by MAGE during the storm that caused the loss of commercial satellites.The green current density shows where magnetic current is strong. Lines tracing out the magnetic field are purple in regions of weaker magnetism, and orange-yellow where the magnetic field is strongest. 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Credit:
NASA Scientific Visualization Studio and NASA DRIVE Science Center for Geospace Storms", "items": [ { "id": 453855, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 1152693, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005100/a005193/multiField_2-7-2025b_magnetosphere_pc_anim_satellites.00150_print.jpg", "filename": "multiField_2-7-2025b_magnetosphere_pc_anim_satellites.00150_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation is the same as above, but has been modified at the beginning to show all Earth-orbiting satellites that were active at the time of the storm. 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Some of these satellites were adversely affected by the storm.Credit:NASA Scientific Visualization Studio and NASA DRIVE Science Center for Geospace Storms", "width": 5760, "height": 3240, "pixels": 18662400 } } ], "extra_data": {} } ], "studio": "svs", "funding_sources": [ "NASA Heliophysics" ], "credits": [ { "role": "Visualizer", "people": [ { "name": "AJ Christensen", "employer": "SSAI" }, { "name": "Tom Bridgman", "employer": "Global Science and Technology, Inc." } ] }, { "role": "Technical support", "people": [ { "name": "Laurence Schuler", "employer": "ADNET Systems, Inc." }, { "name": "Ian Jones", "employer": "ADNET Systems, Inc." } ] }, { "role": "Scientist", "people": [ { "name": "Slava Merkin", "employer": "Johns Hopkins University/APL" }, { "name": "Eric L. Winter", "employer": "Johns Hopkins University/APL" } ] } ], "missions": [], "series": [], "tapes": [], "papers": [ "Lin, D., Wang, W., Garcia-Sage, K., Yue, J., Merkin, V., McInerney, J. M., et al. (2022). Thermospheric neutral density variation during the “SpaceX” storm: Implications from physics-based whole geospace modeling. Space Weather, 20, e2022SW003254.", "Lin, D., Wang, W., Garcia-Sage, K., Yue, J., Merkin, V., McInerney, J. M., et al. (2022). Thermospheric neutral density variation during the \"SpaceX\" storm: Implications from physics-based whole geospace modeling. Space Weather, 20, e2022SW003254.", "Lin, D., Wang, W., Garcia-Sage, K., Yue, J., Merkin, V., McInerney, J. M., et al. (2022). Thermospheric neutral density variation during the \"SpaceX\" storm: Implications from physics-based whole geospace modeling. Space Weather, 20, e2022SW003254." ], "datasets": [ { "name": "Multiscale Atmosphere-Geospace Environment", "common_name": "MAGE", "platform": null, "sensor": null, "type": "Model", "organizations": [ "The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LLC" ], "description": "MAGE will span the domains of geospace, from the lower atmosphere to the thermosphere-ionosphere, to the different regions of the magnetosphere. It will resolve global dynamics and critical mesoscale processes throughout geospace with highly precise numerical techniques. MAGE will be made available for community use via a permissive open-source license.", "credit": "", "url": "https://cgs.jhuapl.edu/Models/mage.php", "date_range": null }, { "name": "Grid Agnostic MHD for Extended Research Applications", "common_name": "GAMERA", "platform": null, "sensor": null, "type": "Model", "organizations": [ "The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LLC" ], "description": "GAMERA is a new magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation tool building and improving upon the high-heritage Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry (LFM) code. GAMERA has been written completely from scratch in modern Fortran and provides a flexible, portable, and exascale-capable MHD code. GAMERA features multiple improvements over LFM including: minimal external library dependence, high degree of optimization, OpenMP parallelism allowing use of heterogeneous architectures, and multiple numerics upgrades. Thus, while preserving all key numerical algorithms underlying the LFM code, GAMERA provides a robust and user-friendly solution for sustainable future.", "credit": "References", "url": "https://cgs.jhuapl.edu/Models/gamera.php", "date_range": null } ], "nasa_science_categories": [ "Earth", "Sun" ], "keywords": [ "Coronal Mass Ejections", "Earth Science", "Hyperwall", "magnetic field", "Magnetosphere", "Solar Activity", "Solar Wind", "Sun", "Sun-earth Interactions" ], "recommended_pages": [], "related": [ { "id": 5503, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5503/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "ESCAPADE Theoretical Flight Through Active Mars Magnetosphere", "description": "NASA's Escape and Plasma Acceleration Dynamics Explorers mission, or ESCAPADE, aims to study Mars' real-time response to the solar wind and how the Martian magnetosphere changes over time, helping us better understand Mars' climate history. In this data visualization, we use the September 13, 2017 solar storm that arrived at Mars as an example of a storm that the twin ESCAPADE spacecraft might study.", "release_date": "2025-11-19T12:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-11-18T17:17:11.204487-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 1153062, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005500/a005503/marsMagnetosphere_VelTracersExtended_9-6-2024a_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_noArrow_4k.00420_print.jpg", "filename": "marsMagnetosphere_VelTracersExtended_9-6-2024a_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_noArrow_4k.00420_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Mars's magnetosphere experienced a strong solar wind storm on September 13, 2017. The induced magnetic field, generated by the storm's plasma interacting with the Martian ionosphere, was significantly stronger than usual and exceeded Mars' crustal magnetic field present in many localized regions of the planet.This data visualization shows time passing at 30 data simulation minutes per animation second.The solar storm can be seen contacting the Martian magnetosphere at 0:17 in the movie. The green current density shows where magnetic current is strong. Lines tracing out the magnetic field are purple in regions of weaker magnetism, and orange-yellow where the magnetic field is strongest.Cyan lines indicate the expected path of the ESCAPADE spacecraft during the first part of its mission, when the two spacecraft fly in tandem with one closely following the other.An alternate version of the data visualization with a sun-pointing arrow is available in the Download menu.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 5514, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5514/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Solar Storm Excites Martian Magnetosphere for Fulldome", "description": "On September 13, 2017, a coronal mass ejection from the Sun arrived at Mars. This data visualization shows how solar-wind-induced currents and magnetic fields combine with Mars' relatively weak and irregular native crustal magnetic fields to contribute to Mars’ \"hybrid\" magnetosphere.", "release_date": "2025-04-07T09:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-11-19T16:12:54.382441-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 1153106, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005500/a005514/marsMagnetosphere_VelTracersExtended_2-21-2025a_jmag_normal_flightA_dome.00420_print.jpg", "filename": "marsMagnetosphere_VelTracersExtended_2-21-2025a_jmag_normal_flightA_dome.00420_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Mars's magnetosphere experienced a strong solar wind storm on September 13, 2017. The induced magnetic field, generated by the storm's plasma interacting with the Martian ionosphere, was significantly stronger than usual and exceeded Mars' crustal magnetic field present in many localized regions of the planet.This data visualization shows time passing at 30 data simulation minutes per animation second.The solar storm can be seen contacting the Martian magnetosphere at 0:17 in the movie. The green current density shows where magnetic current is strong. Lines tracing out the magnetic field are purple in regions of weaker magnetism, and orange-yellow where the magnetic field is strongest.", "width": 1024, "height": 1024, "pixels": 1048576 } }, { "id": 5502, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5502/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Solar Storm Excites Martian Magnetosphere", "description": "On September 13, 2017, a coronal mass ejection from the Sun arrived at Mars. This data visualization shows how solar-wind-induced currents (green colors) and magnetic fields (pink lines) combine with Mars' relatively weak and irregular native crustal magnetic fields to contribute to Mars’ \"hybrid\" magnetosphere.", "release_date": "2025-04-07T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-11-19T17:17:34.104977-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 1152211, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005500/a005502/marsMagnetosphere_VelTracersExtended_10-8-2024a_jmag_normal_flightB_noAnnotation.00700_print.jpg", "filename": "marsMagnetosphere_VelTracersExtended_10-8-2024a_jmag_normal_flightB_noAnnotation.00700_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This data visualization shows the same data as above but from another angle.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 5435, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5435/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Geomagnetic and Atmospheric Response to May 2024 Solar Storm", "description": "This visualization shows the Earth's magnetosphere being hit by a geomagnetic storm. The MAGE model simulates real events that happened throughout May 10-11, 2024.White orbit trails: All satellites orbiting Earth during the stormOrange orbits: Proposed orbits for six GDC spacecraftOrange-to-purple lines: Magnetic field lines around EarthBlue trails: Solar wind velocity tracersGreen clouds: Electric field current intensityCredit:NASA Scientific Visualization Studio and NASA DRIVE Science Center for Geospace Storms || multiField_11-25-2024b_magnetosphere_pc_anim_satellites_4k.00450_print.jpg (1024x576) [191.2 KB] || multiField_11-25-2024b_magnetosphere_pc_anim_satellites_4k.00450_searchweb.png (320x180) [102.0 KB] || multiField_11-25-2024b_magnetosphere_pc_anim_satellites_4k.00450_web.png (320x180) [102.0 KB] || multiField_11-25-2024b_magnetosphere_pc_anim_satellites_4k.00450_thm.png (80x40) [6.4 KB] || multiField_12-30-2024b_magnetosphere_pc_anim_satellites_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [253.6 MB] || multiField_12-30-2024b_magnetosphere_pc_anim_satellites_3x3Hyperwall (5760x3240) [2880 Item(s)] || multiField_12-30-2024b_magnetosphere_pc_anim_satellites_3x3Hyperwall_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [773.4 MB] || multiField_12-30-2024b_magnetosphere_pc_anim_satellites_3x3Hyperwall_3240p30_h265.mp4 (5760x3240) [779.4 MB] || ", "release_date": "2024-12-12T12:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-06-11T19:45:38.611593-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 1139754, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005400/a005435/multiField_11-25-2024b_magnetosphere_pc_anim_satellites_4k.00450_print.jpg", "filename": "multiField_11-25-2024b_magnetosphere_pc_anim_satellites_4k.00450_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This visualization shows the Earth's magnetosphere being hit by a geomagnetic storm. The MAGE model simulates real events that happened throughout May 10-11, 2024.White orbit trails: All satellites orbiting Earth during the stormOrange orbits: Proposed orbits for six GDC spacecraftOrange-to-purple lines: Magnetic field lines around EarthBlue trails: Solar wind velocity tracersGreen clouds: Electric field current intensityCredit:NASA Scientific Visualization Studio and NASA DRIVE Science Center for Geospace Storms", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [ { "id": 14862, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14862/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA’s TRACERS Studies Magnetic Explosions Above Earth", "description": "NASA's TRACERS mission, or the Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites, will fly in low Earth orbit through the polar cusps, funnel-shaped holes in the magnetic field, to study magnetic reconnection and its effects in Earth's atmosphere. Magnetic reconnection is a mysterious process that happens when the solar wind, made of electrically charged particles and magnetic fields from the Sun, collides with Earth's magnetic shield, causing magnetic field lines to violently snap and explosively fling away particles at high speeds. This process has huge impacts on Earth, from causing breathtaking auroras to disrupting communications and power grids on Earth. TRACERS is launching no earlier than summer 2025 aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Space Launch Complex 4 East at Vandenberg Space Force Base in California.Find out more about the TRACERS mission and how it will help us better understand the ways space weather affects us on Earth: https://science.nasa.gov/mission/tracers/ || ", "release_date": "2025-07-14T11:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-06-27T10:39:30.842035-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 1156667, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014800/a014862/14862_TRACERSoverview_Thumbnail.jpg", "filename": "14862_TRACERSoverview_Thumbnail.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Produced VideoWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.Music Credit: \"Praxis I,” “Three Voices,” and “Die Vogel” by Alexis Francois Georges Delong [SACEM], “Anticipation” by Nicholas Smith [PRS], “Ocean Wisdom” by Hugo Dubery and Philippe Galtier [SACEM], and “Call from the Sea” by MACARON [SACEM] from Universal Production MusicAdditional Video and Animations: University of Iowa, Southwest Research Institute, Millennium Space Systems, Andøya Space / Trond AbrahamsenSound Effects: Pixabay", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } }, { "id": 14739, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14739/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "From the Moon, NASA’s LEXI Will Reveal Earth’s Magnetic Shield", "description": "NASA’s next mission to the Moon will carry an instrument called LEXI (the Lunar Environment Heliospheric X-ray Imager), which will provide the first-ever global view of the magnetic environment that shields Earth from solar radiation.From the surface of the Moon, LEXI will capture wide-field images of Earth's magnetic environment, or magnetosphere, in low-energy (or \"soft\") X-rays. LEXI will study changes in the magnetosphere and help us learn more about how it interacts with a stream of particles from the Sun called the solar wind, which can pose hazards for Artemis astronauts traveling to the Moon.Learn more about LEXI and its CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Services) flight to the Moon from Hyunju Connor, LEXI co-investigator at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.More on LEXI: https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/heliophysics/nasas-lexi-will-provide-x-ray-vision-of-earths-magnetosphere/ || ", "release_date": "2025-01-03T12:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-01-16T14:00:58.198229-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 1140107, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014700/a014739/Thumbnail01.jpg", "filename": "Thumbnail01.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.Music credit: \"Breakthrough Discovery\" by Phillip John Gregory [PRS] from Universal Production Music", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } }, { "id": 14628, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14628/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Discovering Earth’s Third Global Energy Field", "description": "High above the Earth’s North and South Poles, a steady stream of particles escapes from our atmosphere into space. Scientists call this mysterious outflow the “polar wind,” and for almost 60 years, spacecraft have been flying through it as scientists have theorized about its cause. The leading theory was that a planet-wide electric field was drawing those particles up into space. But this so-called ambipolar electric field, if it exists, is so weak that all attempts to measure it have failed – until now.In 2022, scientists traveled to Svalbard, a small archipelago in Norway, to launch a rocket in an attempt to measure Earth’s ambipolar electric field for the first time. This was NASA’s Endurance rocketship mission, and this is its story.To learn more, visit: https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/heliophysics/nasa-discovers-long-sought-global-electric-field-on-earth/ || ", "release_date": "2024-08-28T11:30:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-08-28T11:37:52.179001-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 1096850, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014600/a014628/Thumbnail02.jpg", "filename": "Thumbnail02.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Discovering Earth's Third Global Energy FieldWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.Music credit: \"Atoms in Motion\" by Phillip John Gregory [PRS], “Curious By Nature” by Eddie Saffron [PRS], “Perfect Vibes” by Thomas Gallicani [SACEM], “Natural Response” by Jonathan Elisa [ASCAP] and Sarah Trevino [ASCAP] from Universal Production MusicSound effects: Pixabay", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } ], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }