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            "description": "Weather models begin their forecasts by integrating observations from ground stations, aircraft, balloons, and a growing constellation of Earth observing satellites to estimate the most realistic atmospheric state. The Goddard Earth Observing System Forward Processing (GEOS-FP) system is a research model maintained by NASA’s Global Modeling and Assimilation Office to demonstrate innovative new ways to use satellite data to improve predictions of weather, air quality, and greenhouse gases and to help NASA collect new observations of our home planet. Near surface temperature is calculated by sampling model fields at 2 meters (about 6 feet) above Earth’s surface, helping scientists communicate to the general public the air temperatures they encounter. Variations reflect differences in daytime and nighttime temperatures and the influence of large scale weather systems. As the planet warms in response to rising greenhouse gas concentrations, scientists are also tracking changes in the frequency of heat waves and their potential impacts on human health.",
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            "widget": "Basic text",
            "title": "For More Information",
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            "description": "See [https://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/weather-analysis-prediction/](https://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/weather-analysis-prediction/)",
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        {
            "name": "GEOS-FP",
            "common_name": "",
            "platform": null,
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            "description": "Documentation: Lucchesi, R., 2018: File Specification for GEOS FP. GMAO Office Note No. 4 (Version 1.2), 61 pp, available from [https://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/pubs/docs/Lucchesi1203.pdf](https://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/pubs/docs/Lucchesi1203.pdf)",
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            "title": "The Different Sources of Atmospheric Methane",
            "description": "This data visualization shows methane (CH₄) in the Earth’s atmosphere during 2021. The colors represent contributions from different sources: agriculture and waste (fuchsia), industry (blue), wetlands (green), wildfires and cropland fires (yellow), and other natural sources (gray).",
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                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "This view highlights Methane (CH4) sources over North and South America during 2021.",
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            "page_type": "Visualization",
            "title": "GEOS Aerosols (2025)",
            "description": "Aerosols are tiny solid or liquid particles that float in the atmosphere and can travel long distances, affecting air quality and visibility far from their sources. This visualization still, captured for August 19, 2025 (20:00 UTC), is based on NASA's Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) model. The GEOS model delivers realistic, high-resolution weather and aerosol data that enable customized environmental prediction and advances in AI research.",
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            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5148/",
            "page_type": "Visualization",
            "title": "GEOS-FP Near-Surface Wind Speed",
            "description": "Near-surface wind speed is calculated by sampling 3-D atmospheric fields from NASA’s GEOS-FP system 10 meters above Earth’s surface. GEOS-FP combines millions of weather observations with a predictive model to create a global best estimate of weather conditions that are used to begin a forecast.",
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                "alt_text": "Near-surface wind speed is calculated by sampling 3-D atmospheric fields from NASA’s GEOS-FP system 10 meters above Earth’s surface. GEOS-FP combines millions of weather observations with a predictive model to create a global best estimate of weather conditions that are used to begin a forecast.",
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            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5149/",
            "page_type": "Visualization",
            "title": "GEOS-FP Precipitation and Clouds",
            "description": "Precipitation and clouds are calculated using fields from NASA’s GEOS-FP system. GEOS-FP combines millions of weather observations with a predictive model to create a global best estimate of weather conditions, which can be used to estimate the formation of clouds along with rain and snowfall.",
            "release_date": "2023-09-26T17:00:00-04:00",
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            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5150/",
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            "description": "Near-surface Humidity, also known as specific humidity (Q2M) from NASA’s GEOS-FP system. GEOS-FP combines millions of weather observations with a predictive model to create a global best estimate of weather conditions that are used to begin a forecast.",
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            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5151/",
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            "title": "Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5",
            "description": "Near surface concentration of fine particular matter (PM2.5) estimated from NASA’s aerosol and weather fields produced by NASA’s GEOS-CF model.",
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        {
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            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5152/",
            "page_type": "Visualization",
            "title": "Near surface Ozone (O3)",
            "description": "Near surface concentration of ozone (O3) estimated by NASA’s GEOS-CF model.",
            "release_date": "2023-09-26T17:00:00-04:00",
            "update_date": "2026-09-17T02:03:05.017738-04:00",
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                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "Near surface concentration of ozone (O3) estimated by NASA’s GEOS-CF model.",
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        {
            "id": 5153,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5153/",
            "page_type": "Visualization",
            "title": "Carbon Monoxide (CO)",
            "description": "Near surface concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) estimated by NASA’s GEOS-CF model.",
            "release_date": "2023-09-26T17:00:00-04:00",
            "update_date": "2026-09-17T02:03:11.690172-04:00",
            "main_image": {
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                "media_type": "Image",
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            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5154/",
            "page_type": "Visualization",
            "title": "Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)",
            "description": "Near surface concentration of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) estimated from concentrations of nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide produced by  NASA’s GEOS-CF model.",
            "release_date": "2023-09-26T17:00:00-04:00",
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                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "Near surface concentration of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) estimated from concentrations of nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide produced by NASA’s GEOS-CF model.",
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