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"title": "ICON Snaps a Peek at the Ionospheric Dynamo",
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"release_date": "2021-11-29T11:00:00-05:00",
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"employer": "Global Science and Technology, Inc."
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"description": "As one rises through the turbulent atmosphere of Earth, the density of the air decreases and winds become faster. From above, solar radiation as visible and ultraviolet light, along with energetic particles, rain down on the atmospheric gases splitting electrically neutral atoms and molecules into ions and free electrons. This process forms the high-altitude atmospheric region we call the ionosphere. The charged particles formed here interact with Earth's magnetic field to form more complex structures, such as equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) also known as the Appleton anomaly formed by a process called the equatorial fountain. These interactions drive a process called the ionospheric dynamo.
But these high-altitude winds are not uniform. They are often altered by weather changes in the lower-altitude atmosphere, and this can drive changes in the particle motion high in the ionosphere.
The ICON satellite has instruments that measure charged particle motion though the region it travels (Ion Velocity Meter or IVM), and also winds on the limb of Earth (measured by MIGHTI). Sometimes these two regions are connected by a magnetic field line and we can actually 'see' how a change in lower altitude winds can drive a change in the high altitude charged particle motions. In the visualizations above, this process takes place between the 01:52 and 01:56 timestamp, highlighted with yellow magnetic field lines. We see the wind speed (green arrows on the left) change direction and switch the charged particle flow measured at the spacecraft (red arrows) from upward to downward.",
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"title": "Strong Winds Power Electric Fields in the Upper Atmosphere",
"description": "Using observations from NASA’s ICON mission, scientists presented the first direct measurements of Earth’s long-theorized dynamo on the edge of space: a wind-driven electrical generator that spans the globe 60-plus miles above our heads. The dynamo churns in the ionosphere, the electrically charged boundary between Earth and space. It’s powered by tidal winds in the upper atmosphere that are faster than most hurricanes and rise from the lower atmosphere, creating an electrical environment that can affect satellites and technology on Earth. The new work, published today in Nature Geoscience, improves our understanding of the ionosphere, which helps scientists better predict space weather and protect our technology from its effects.More information: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2021/strong-winds-power-electric-fields-in-upper-atmosphere-icon/ || ",
"release_date": "2021-11-29T11:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:43:42.296608-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 374708,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014025/14025_ICON_Tides.00001_print.jpg",
"filename": "14025_ICON_Tides.00001_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "ANIMATIONOne source of atmospheric tides is created above rainforest regions around Earth’s equator such as the Amazon rainforest. In this region, daily cycles of cloud formation put energy into the atmosphere that, in turn, create a daily cycle of heating and cooling.The heating and cooling pushes wind patterns out and towards regions where clouds are forming. These winds eventually form an atmospheric tide that propagates up through the atmosphere.At 60-95 miles above the ground, winds associated with atmospheric tides (white arrows) move the chunky, charged ions and separate them from the small, negatively charged electrons, forming an electric field (blue line) in the dynamo region, near the bottom of the ionosphere.The electric field permeates through the upper atmosphere and pushes plasma (pink) upwards and downwards like a fountain at 370 miles above Earth’s surface.Credit: NASA's Conceptual Animation Lab",
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},
{
"id": 4617,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4617/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Interface to Space: The Equatorial Fountain",
"description": "Visualization illustrating the Fountain Effect of ions in the near-Earth electric and magnetic fields. || IRIConceptual.Limb2PullOut_OionFountainIGRF.noslate_CRTT.HD1080i.000660_print.jpg (1024x576) [114.5 KB] || IRIConceptual.Limb2PullOut_OionFountainIGRF.noslate_CRTT.HD1080i.000660_searchweb.png (320x180) [87.8 KB] || IRIConceptual.Limb2PullOut_OionFountainIGRF.noslate_CRTT.HD1080i.000660_thm.png (80x40) [7.2 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || IRIConceptual.Limb2PullOut_OionFountainIGRF.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [32.1 MB] || IRIConceptual.Limb2PullOut_OionFountainIGRF.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [4.2 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || IRIConceptual.Limb2PullOut_OionFountainIGRF_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [96.1 MB] || IRIConceptual.Limb2PullOut_OionFountainIGRF.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [221 bytes] || ",
"release_date": "2018-01-31T14:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-03-10T00:07:15.274053-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 407509,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004600/a004617/IRIConceptual.Limb2PullOut_OionFountainIGRF.noslate_CRTT.HD1080i.000660_print.jpg",
"filename": "IRIConceptual.Limb2PullOut_OionFountainIGRF.noslate_CRTT.HD1080i.000660_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Visualization illustrating the Fountain Effect of ions in the near-Earth electric and magnetic fields.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
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}
},
{
"id": 4594,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4594/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "ICON Scans the Ionosphere",
"description": "ICON orbits Earth at 575 kilometers altitude, measuring the composition and motions of the ionosphere. || IRIDaily.limbwICON_OionHwindIGRF.clockSlate_CRTT.HD1080i.000870_print.jpg (1024x576) [105.7 KB] || IRIDaily.limbwICON_OionHwindIGRF.clockSlate_CRTT.HD1080i.000870_searchweb.png (320x180) [63.8 KB] || IRIDaily.limbwICON_OionHwindIGRF.clockSlate_CRTT.HD1080i.000870_thm.png (80x40) [5.0 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || IRIDaily.limbwICON_OionHwindIGRF.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [76.4 MB] || IRIDaily.limbwICON_OionHwindIGRF.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [10.9 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || IRIDaily.limbwICON_OionHwindIGRF.UHD3840_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [217.4 MB] || IRIDaily.limbwICON_OionHwindIGRF.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [210 bytes] || ",
"release_date": "2017-10-31T10:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-03-10T00:07:07.530395-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 410018,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004500/a004594/IRIDaily.limbwICON_OionHwindIGRF.clockSlate_CRTT.HD1080i.000870_print.jpg",
"filename": "IRIDaily.limbwICON_OionHwindIGRF.clockSlate_CRTT.HD1080i.000870_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "ICON orbits Earth at 575 kilometers altitude, measuring the composition and motions of the ionosphere.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
}
],
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