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"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "MAVEN – Mars and Solar Wind Simulation",
"description": "This simulation depicts the solar wind interacting with the Mars upper atmosphere, with MAVEN's orbit embedded. || maven_cme44.03600_print.jpg (1024x512) [253.9 KB] || maven_cme44.03600_searchweb.png (320x180) [92.7 KB] || maven_cme44.03600_thm.png (80x40) [5.2 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (2048x1024) [0 Item(s)] || maven_cme44_1024p30.webm (2048x1024) [5.9 MB] || maven_cme44_1024p30.mp4 (2048x1024) [195.1 MB] || maven_cme44_1024p30.mp4.hwshow [58 bytes] || ",
"release_date": "2020-05-25T00:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-03-16T22:46:51.857817-04:00",
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"description": "The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft has been orbiting Mars since 2014, observing the planet’s upper atmosphere and its interaction with the solar wind in order to better understand the climate history of Mars. The solar wind is a stream of electrically charged particles blowing from the Sun at approximately one million miles per hour.\r
\r
This visualization simulates charged particles (ions) in the Mars upper atmosphere interacting with the solar wind and escaping to space. Red and yellow particles represent high-velocity ions that escape the planet, while greens and blues represent low-velocity ions that remain bound to Mars. Time is frozen in the visualization, and a camera move reveals the structure of the system.\r
\r
On Mars’ dayside, the ions follow the contours of the solar wind bow shock; on its nightside they are drawn into a long tail, with a complex internal structure driven by electrical current systems. MAVEN’s elliptical orbit is embedded within the cloud of escaping ions. In this visualization, MAVEN orbits nearly above the Martian terminator – the boundary between the planet’s dayside and its nightside – though the orbit also drifts slowly around Mars.\r
\r
The solar wind has contributed to the erosion of the Martian atmosphere over time, which has gradually turned Mars from warm and wet to cold and dry. MAVEN is helping scientists to better understand the complex processes that have driven this transition, and which continue to affect the Martian climate today.",
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"description": "See [NASA.gov](https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/maven/main/index.html)",
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"employer": "USRA"
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{
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"employer": "UCLA"
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{
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{
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"employer": "ADNET Systems, Inc."
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{
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"related": [
{
"id": 14641,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14641/",
"page_type": "Infographic",
"title": "ESCAPADE Mission Posters",
"description": "The Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers, or ESCAPADE, will use two identical spacecraft to investigate how the solar wind interacts with Mars’ magnetic environment and how this interaction drives the planet’s atmospheric escape.The first coordinated multi-spacecraft orbital science mission to the Red Planet, ESCAPADE’s twin orbiters will take simultaneous observations from different locations around Mars to reveal the planet’s real-time response to space weather and how the Martian magnetosphere changes over time.ESCAPADE will analyze how Mars’ magnetic field guides particle flows around the planet, how energy and momentum are transported from the solar wind through the magnetosphere, and what processes control the flow of energy and matter into and out of the Martian atmosphere. The data returned from the ESCAPADE spacecraft will provide new insight into the evolution of Mars’ climate, contributing to the body of research investigating how Mars began losing its atmosphere and water system.The ESCAPADE mission is managed by the Space Sciences Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, with key partners Rocket Lab, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Advanced Space LLC, and Blue Origin. || ",
"release_date": "2024-07-30T15:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2024-07-30T14:58:03.792202-04:00",
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"filename": "ESCAPADE-FINAL-Horizontal-Front_Web.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "ESCAPADE Horizontal Poster FRONTCredit: NASA/Kristen Perrin",
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{
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"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14642/",
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"title": "ESCAPADE Spacecraft Specifications",
"description": "The Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers (ESCAPADE) mission, led by Rob Lillis at the University of California, Berkeley, Space Sciences Laboratory (UCBSSL), is a twin-spacecraft science mission that will orbit two spacecraft around Mars to understand the structure, composition, variability, and dynamics of Mars' unique hybrid magnetosphere. The mission will leverage its unique dual viewpoint on the Mars environment to explore how the solar wind strips atmosphere away from Mars to better understand how its climate has changed over time. ESCAPADE is being developed under NASA’s Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration (SIMPLEx) program in the Science Mission Directorate (SMD). The mission is led by UCBSSL with spacecraft design provided by Rocket Lab.The spacecraft were designed, built, integrated, and tested at Rocket Lab’s Spacecraft Production Complex and headquarters in Long Beach, California. Based on Rocket Lab’s Explorer spacecraft, a configurable, high delta-V interplanetary platform, the duo features Rocket Lab-built components and subsystems, including solar panels, star trackers, propellant tanks, reaction wheels, reaction control systems, radios, and more. || ",
"release_date": "2024-07-30T15:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-11-03T13:47:58.870680-05:00",
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"alt_text": "Credit: Rocket Lab USA",
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{
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"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14635/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "ESCAPADE Mission Spacecraft Beauty Passes",
"description": "NASA’s Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers (ESCAPADE) mission will study the interaction between the solar wind and Martian atmosphere. Two identical spacecraft will orbit around the Red Planet to understand the structure, composition, variability, and dynamics of Mars’ unique hybrid magnetosphere, including its real-time response to space weather.The mission will leverage its unique dual viewpoint on the Mars environment to explore how the solar wind strips atmosphere away from Mars to better understand how its climate has changed over time — so much that Mars no longer supports liquid water on its surface. The pair will be the first coordinated multi-spacecraft orbital science mission to Mars.ESCAPADE is part of the NASA Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration (SIMPLEx) program. The mission is managed by the University of California Berkeley’s Space Sciences Laboratory, with key partners Rocket Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Advanced Space LLC, and Blue Origin. || ",
"release_date": "2024-07-22T12:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-11-13T12:07:04-05:00",
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"filename": "RL_ESCAPADE_Beauty_Shot001.00181_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "ESCAPADE twin spacecraft entering Mars’ orbit. Note this is stylized: the spacecraft arrive at Mars 48 hours apart.Credits: James Rattray/Rocket Lab USA",
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{
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"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5200/",
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"title": "Mars Disappearing Solar Wind: MAVEN Visualizations",
"description": "This data visualization depicts a period of decreased solar wind at Mars that occurred on December 25, 2022, causing the planet’s magnetosphere to expand outward. Ion velocity and density data collected by the MAVEN spacecraft is presented using a color-mapped satellite orbit tail and vectors along MAVEN’s orbit. || maven_solar_wind_comp.02715_print.jpg (1024x576) [84.4 KB] || maven_solar_wind_comp.02715_searchweb.png (320x180) [47.3 KB] || maven_solar_wind_comp.02715_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || maven_solar_wind_comp (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || maven_solar_wind_comp_2160p60.mp4 (3840x2160) [187.6 MB] || maven_solar_wind_comp_prores.mov (3840x2160) [10.1 GB] || ",
"release_date": "2023-12-11T12:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2024-08-22T05:26:59.974355-04:00",
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"alt_text": "This data visualization depicts a period of decreased solar wind at Mars that occurred on December 25, 2022, causing the planet’s magnetosphere to expand outward. Ion velocity and density data collected by the MAVEN spacecraft is presented using a color-mapped satellite orbit tail and vectors along MAVEN’s orbit. This version does not include a date stamp or legend and is in a vertical orientation. ",
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{
"id": 4730,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4730/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "MAVEN – Mars Electric Current Systems",
"description": "The current systems formed around Mars as a result of a solar wind driven convective electric field(Note: These frame sets were converted to the sRGB color space on 6/16/2020)This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || ideal_currents_1080.00600_print.jpg (1024x576) [71.1 KB] || ideal_currents_1080.00600_searchweb.png (320x180) [21.7 KB] || ideal_currents_1080.00600_thm.png (80x40) [2.0 KB] || ideal_currents_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [74.0 MB] || ideal_currents_1080.webm (1920x1080) [9.9 MB] || ideal_curr (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || ideal_curr (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || captions_silent.25991.en_US.srt [43 bytes] || ideal_currents_4k_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [170.1 MB] || idealized_currents_prores.mov (1920x1080) [2.9 GB] || Mars_idealized_currents_4k_prores.mov (3840x2160) [3.5 GB] || ideal_currents_1080p30.mp4.hwshow || ",
"release_date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-06-23T00:09:41.420680-04:00",
"main_image": {
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"alt_text": "The current systems formed around Mars as a result of a solar wind driven convective electric field(Note: These frame sets were converted to the sRGB color space on 6/16/2020)This video is also available on our YouTube channel.",
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}
},
{
"id": 4824,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4824/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "MAVEN Observes Solar Particle Velocities and the Induced Magnetic Field",
"description": "MAVEN orbits Mars and measures solar particle velocities and variations in the solar wind’s magnetic field. || maven_vels_magField.03000_print.jpg (1024x576) [92.5 KB] || maven_vels_magField.03000_searchweb.png (320x180) [63.5 KB] || maven_vels_magField.03000_thm.png (80x40) [4.2 KB] || maven_vels_magField_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [83.1 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || maven_vels_magField_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [19.0 MB] || 4824_MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Data_1080_30p.mov (1920x1080) [2.6 GB] || maven_vels_magField_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [193 bytes] || ",
"release_date": "2020-05-25T00:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-06T00:18:08.836123-05:00",
"main_image": {
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"filename": "maven_vels_magField.03000_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "MAVEN orbits Mars and measures solar particle velocities and variations in the solar wind’s magnetic field.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
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},
{
"id": 4370,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4370/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Solar Wind Strips the Martian Atmosphere",
"description": "Scientists have long suspected the solar wind of stripping the Martian upper atmosphere into space, turning Mars from a blue world to a red one. Now, NASA's MAVEN orbiter is observing this process in action, providing significant data on solar wind erosion at Mars.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || MarsAtmoLossExplainPreview.jpg (1920x1080) [993.6 KB] || APPLE_TV_4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [53.7 MB] || WEBM_4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_APR.webm (960x540) [44.7 MB] || 4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [53.7 MB] || NASA_TV_4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss.mpeg (1280x720) [369.5 MB] || 4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_APR_Output.en_US.srt [2.3 KB] || 4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_APR_Output.en_US.vtt [2.3 KB] || LARGE_MP4_4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_large.mp4 (3840x2160) [111.3 MB] || YOUTUBE_HQ_4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_youtube_hq.mov (3840x2160) [2.2 GB] || 4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_APR.mov (3840x2160) [5.9 GB] || ",
"release_date": "2015-11-05T14:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-05T22:49:15.588166-05:00",
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"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Movie without music and titles. Available for download in up to 4k resolution.",
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},
{
"id": 4393,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4393/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Solar Wind and Mars Bow Shock",
"description": "Simulation of the solar wind at Mars compared with MAVEN observations, showing the predicted bow shock. Available for download in up to 4k resolution. || final_shock01.2500_print.jpg (1024x576) [205.3 KB] || final_shock01.2500_searchweb.png (320x180) [100.4 KB] || final_shock01.2500_thm.png (80x40) [6.6 KB] || final_shock01_1920x1080_60fps.mp4 (1920x1080) [66.6 MB] || APPLE_TV_4393_Mars_Solar_Wind_Bow_Shock_1920x1080_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [19.0 MB] || WEBM_4393_Mars_Solar_Wind_Bow_Shock_1920x1080.webm (960x540) [15.1 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_60p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || NASA_TV_4393_Mars_Solar_Wind_Bow_Shock_1920x1080.mpeg (1280x720) [128.4 MB] || PRORES_B-ROLL_4393_Mars_Solar_Wind_Bow_Shock_1920x1080_prores.mov (1280x720) [537.1 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_60p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || 4393_Mars_Solar_Wind_Bow_Shock_1920x1080.mov (1920x1080) [1.0 GB] || final_shock01_4k_60fps.mp4 (3840x2160) [214.3 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2015-11-05T14:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-05T22:50:59.256427-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 439188,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004300/a004393/final_shock01.2500_print.jpg",
"filename": "final_shock01.2500_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Simulation of the solar wind at Mars compared with MAVEN observations, showing the predicted bow shock. Available for download in up to 4k resolution.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
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}
],
"sources": [],
"products": [
{
"id": 13625,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13625/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "First Map of Mars Electric Currents",
"description": "MAVEN data have enabled the first map of the electric current systems (blue and red arrows) that shape the induced magnetic field surrounding Mars.Credit: NASA/Goddard/MAVEN/CU Boulder/SVSUniversal Production Music: “A Lucid Dream” and “Shimmer Oscillations” by James Joshua OttoWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available. || MarsElectricCurrentsPreview6_print.jpg (1024x576) [305.8 KB] || MarsElectricCurrentsPreview6.jpg (1920x1080) [853.6 KB] || MarsElectricCurrentsPreview6_searchweb.png (320x180) [50.6 KB] || MarsElectricCurrentsPreview6_thm.png (80x40) [5.3 KB] || 13625_Mars_Electric_Currents_Twitter.mp4 (1280x720) [63.8 MB] || 13625_Mars_Electric_Currents_Facebook.mp4 (1920x1080) [359.1 MB] || 13625_Mars_Electric_Currents_YouTube.webm (3840x2160) [91.7 MB] || 13625_Mars_Electric_Currents_Captions.en_US.srt [7.2 KB] || 13625_Mars_Electric_Currents_Captions.en_US.vtt [6.8 KB] || 13625_Mars_Electric_Currents_YouTube.mp4 (3840x2160) [2.8 GB] || 13625_Mars_Electric_Currents_MASTER.mov (3840x2160) [14.2 GB] || 13625_Mars_Electric_Currents_Facebook.mp4.hwshow [134 bytes] || ",
"release_date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-03-16T23:22:36.981129-04:00",
"main_image": {
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"alt_text": "MAVEN data have enabled the first map of the electric current systems (blue and red arrows) that shape the induced magnetic field surrounding Mars.\r\rCredit: NASA/Goddard/MAVEN/CU Boulder/SVSUniversal Production Music: “A Lucid Dream” and “Shimmer Oscillations” by James Joshua OttoWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.",
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