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"release_date": "2019-02-28T09:00:00-05:00",
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"description": "El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is an irregularly recurring climate pattern characterized by warmer (El Niño) and colder (La Niña) than usual ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific Ocean from about the International Date Line to the coast of South America. ENSO (El Niño, La Niña) events create a ripple effect of anticipated weather changes in far-spread regions on Earth. Weather changes associated with the ENSO phenomenon result in rainfall, temperature, vegetation and environmental anomaly conditions worldwide that directly favor outbreaks of infectious diseases of public health concern typically 2-3 months after.
During the last 20 years NASA scientist Dr. Assaf Anyamba and colleagues have been studying interannual climate variability patterns associated with ENSO events by monitoring the Niño 3.4 Index region over the Pacific Ocean (5N-5S, 120W-170W), along with rainfall, land surface temperature and vegetation anomaly data from NASA and NOAA.
Dr. Anyamba and colleagues conducted a scientific study - the first one to comprehensively assess the public health impacts of the major climate event on a global scale - that was open access published in the journal Nature Scientific Reports, with the title Global Disease Outbreaks Associated with the 2015-2016 El Niño event. According to the study, the 2015-2016 El Niño event brought weather conditions that triggered infectious disease outbreaks in teleconnected regions around the world. For example, plague and hantavirus in Colorado and New Mexico (in 2015), cholera in East Africa’s Tanzania (during 2015 and 2016), and dengue fever in Brazil and Southeast Asia (during 2015) among others.
The data visualization featured on this page provides a historical timeline of El Niño events for the period of 1982-2017 and illustrates the relationship between ENSO events (El Niño, La Niña) and the increase (red hues)/decrease (blue hues) of average Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Anomaly data over the Niño 3.4 Index region. The visualization showcases a global flat map with monthly Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomaly data over water, along with a timeline plot of the ENSO Index (Niño 3.4 Index region SST anomaly) for the same period. The Nino 3.4 Index region SST with extents (5N-5S, 120W-170W) is the box region highlighted over the Pacific Ocean. Highlighted in the timeline are the strong El Niño years, in which Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies peaked: 1982-1983, 1997-1998, and 2015-2016.
To learn more about the relationship between ENSO events and infectious disease outbreaks, please see the following data visualizations:\r
The strong relationship between ENSO events and disease outbreaks underscores the importance of seasonal forecasts. Since disease outbreaks typically manifest 2-3 months after the start of El Niño and La Niña events, early and regular climate monitoring, paired with the use of monthly and seasonal climate forecasts become significant tools for disease control and prevention. Findings of the scientific study by Dr. Assaf Anyamba and colleagues, suggests that by monitoring monthly climate datasets, country public health agencies and organizations such as the United Nations' World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organizations, can utilize early warning forecasts to undertake preventive measures to minimize the spread of ecologically coupled diseases.
Data Sources:\r
- Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly data (global, monthly time series: 1982-2017)\r
Global monthly SST data known as Optimum Interpolation (OI) SST version 2 dataset produced by NOAA can be accessed from https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oisst - Niño 3.4 Sea Surface Temperature (SST) ENSO index (monthly time series: 1982-2017) is obtained from the NOAA National Center for Climate Prediction online archives. The warm (El Niño) and cold (La Niña) periods of ENSO events were determined using the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) threshold of +/- 0.5°C based on centered 30-year base periods updated every 5 years. The ONI is a 3-month running mean of Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) Version 4 (v4) SST anomalies in the Niño 3.4 region (5N-5S, 120W-170W).
Supported with funding from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency's (DTRA) Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (JSTO-CBD) Biosurveillance Ecosystem (BSVE) Program (HDTRA1-16-C-0045) and the Defense Health Agency-Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch (AFHSB) Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (GEIS) under Project # P0072_19_NS.
The rest of this webpage offers frames, layers and colorbar information associated with the development of this data-driven visualization.",
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"name": "Samson K. Reiny",
"employer": "Wyle Information Systems"
}
]
},
{
"role": "Technical support",
"people": [
{
"name": "Laurence Schuler",
"employer": "ADNET Systems, Inc."
},
{
"name": "Ian Jones",
"employer": "ADNET Systems, Inc."
}
]
},
{
"role": "Project support",
"people": [
{
"name": "Joycelyn Thomson Jones",
"employer": "NASA/GSFC"
},
{
"name": "Eric Sokolowsky",
"employer": "Global Science and Technology, Inc."
},
{
"name": "Leann Johnson",
"employer": "Global Science and Technology, Inc."
}
]
}
],
"missions": [],
"series": [],
"tapes": [],
"papers": [
"Assaf Anyamba, Jean-Paul Chretien, Seth C. Britch, Radina P. Soebiyanto, Jennifer L. Small, Rikke Jepsen, Brett M. Forshey, Jose L. Sanchez, Ryan D. Smith, Ryan Harris, Compton J. Tucker, William B. Karesh & Kenneth J. Linthicum, \"Global Disease Outbreaks Associated with the 2015–2016 El Niño Event\", Scientific Reports, Volume 9, Article number: 1930 (2019). The paper is freely available online at: www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-38034-z",
"Assaf Anyamba, Jean-Paul Chretien, Seth C. Britch, Radina P. Soebiyanto, Jennifer L. Small, Rikke Jepsen, Brett M. Forshey, Jose L. Sanchez, Ryan D. Smith, Ryan Harris, Compton J. Tucker, William B. Karesh & Kenneth J. Linthicum, \"Global Disease Outbreaks Associated with the 2015–2016 El Niño Event\", Scientific Reports, Volume 9, Article number: 1930 (2019). The paper is freely available online at: www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-38034-z"
],
"datasets": [
{
"name": "Oceanic Nino Index (3 month running means of Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) v5 anomalies",
"common_name": "Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly (SST)",
"platform": "Multiple",
"sensor": "Multisensors including buoys, passive microwave sensors",
"type": "Other",
"organizations": [
"NOAA"
],
"description": "Oceanic Nino Index (3 month running means of Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) v5 anomalies",
"credit": "",
"url": "",
"date_range": null
}
],
"nasa_science_categories": [
"Earth"
],
"keywords": [
"Climate Indicators",
"Climate Variability and Change",
"Climatology",
"Diseases",
"Diseases/Epidemics",
"Drought Indices",
"Earth Science",
"El Nino",
"El Nino Southern Oscillation",
"Environmental science",
"Human Dimensions",
"Human geography",
"Human Health",
"Hyperwall",
"Precipitation Indices",
"Public Health",
"SST Anomaly",
"Teleconnections"
],
"recommended_pages": [],
"related": [
{
"id": 4782,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4782/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Vegetation Index Anomalies and Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreaks in South Africa region: 2008-2011",
"description": "This visualization with corresponding data dashboard shows the relationship between vegetation index anomalies and outbreaks of Rift Valley fever (RVF) during 2008 and 2011 in the South Africa region. The sequence starts in 2007 looking at the entire continent of Africa and zooms in the region of South Africa to take a closer look at the patterns between ENSO events (El Niño and La Niña), above normal vegetaion over land (green) and RVF outbreak locations (orange pins). || NDVI_RVF_SAfrica_Composite_3840x2160_2657_print.jpg (1024x576) [102.7 KB] || NDVI_RVF_SAfrica_Composite_3840x2160_2657_searchweb.png (320x180) [57.8 KB] || NDVI_RVF_SAfrica_Composite_3840x2160_2657_thm.png (80x40) [5.0 KB] || NDVI_RVF_SAfrica_Composite_1920x1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [35.6 MB] || NDVI_RVF_SAfrica_Composite_1920x1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [7.1 MB] || Composite (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || Composite (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || NDVI_RVF_SAfrica_Composite_3840x2160_p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [72.6 MB] || NDVI_RVF_SAfrica_Composite_3840x2160_2657.tif (3840x2160) [31.6 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2020-03-04T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-02-02T00:13:09.426850-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 386751,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004700/a004782/NDVI_RVF_SAfrica_Composite_3840x2160_2657_print.jpg",
"filename": "NDVI_RVF_SAfrica_Composite_3840x2160_2657_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "This visualization with corresponding data dashboard shows the relationship between vegetation index anomalies and outbreaks of Rift Valley fever (RVF) during 2008 and 2011 in the South Africa region. The sequence starts in 2007 looking at the entire continent of Africa and zooms in the region of South Africa to take a closer look at the patterns between ENSO events (El Niño and La Niña), above normal vegetaion over land (green) and RVF outbreak locations (orange pins).",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
},
{
"id": 4783,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4783/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Precipitation Anomaly and Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreaks in South Africa: 2008-2011",
"description": "This visualization with corresponding data dashboard shows the relationship between precipitation anomalies and outbreaks of Rift Valley fever (RVF) during 2008 and 2011 in the South Africa region. The sequence starts in 2007 looking at the entire continent of Africa and zooms in the region of South Africa to take a closer look at the patterns between ENSO events (El Niño and La Niña), above normal precipitation over land (blue) and RVF outbreak locations (orange pins). || PrecipRVF_SAfrica_Composite_3840x2160_3422_print.jpg (1024x576) [97.8 KB] || PrecipRVF_SAfrica_Composite_3840x2160_3422_searchweb.png (320x180) [57.6 KB] || PrecipRVF_SAfrica_Composite_3840x2160_3422_thm.png (80x40) [5.2 KB] || PrecipRVF_SAfrica_Composite_1920x1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [31.5 MB] || Composite (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || Composite (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || PrecipRVF_SAfrica_Composite_3840x2160_p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [68.2 MB] || PrecipRVF_SAfrica_Composite_3840x2160_3422.tif (3840x2160) [4.0 MB] || PrecipRVF_SAfrica_Composite_3840x2160_p30.webm (3840x2160) [14.1 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2020-02-27T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-02-02T22:45:20.294104-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 386570,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004700/a004783/PrecipRVF_SAfrica_Composite_3840x2160_3422_print.jpg",
"filename": "PrecipRVF_SAfrica_Composite_3840x2160_3422_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "This visualization with corresponding data dashboard shows the relationship between precipitation anomalies and outbreaks of Rift Valley fever (RVF) during 2008 and 2011 in the South Africa region. The sequence starts in 2007 looking at the entire continent of Africa and zooms in the region of South Africa to take a closer look at the patterns between ENSO events (El Niño and La Niña), above normal precipitation over land (blue) and RVF outbreak locations (orange pins). ",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
},
{
"id": 4724,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4724/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Vegetation index anomalies and Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreaks in Africa and Middle East during 2000-2018",
"description": "Data visualization featuring vegetation index anomalies over Africa and Middle East and locations of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) outbreaks (orange pins) during the period of 2000-2018. Frames are provided in 4K resolution. || Africa_NDVIRVF_2000_2018_3840x2160_2430_print.jpg (1024x576) [78.8 KB] || Africa_NDVIRVF_2000_2018_3840x2160_2430_searchweb.png (320x180) [48.8 KB] || Africa_NDVIRVF_2000_2018_3840x2160_2430_thm.png (80x40) [4.4 KB] || Africa_NDVIRVFComposite_2000_2018_3840x2160_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [88.7 MB] || Africa_NDVIRVFComposite_2000_2018_3840x2160_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [25.5 MB] || Africa_NDVIRVF_2000_2018_Composite (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || Africa_NDVIRVF_2000_2018_3840x2160_2430.tif (3840x2160) [6.0 MB] || Africa_NDVIRVFComposite_2000_2018_3840x2160_p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [283.2 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2020-02-21T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-02-02T00:12:08.568503-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 392091,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004700/a004724/Africa_NDVIRVF_2000_2018_3840x2160_2430_print.jpg",
"filename": "Africa_NDVIRVF_2000_2018_3840x2160_2430_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Data visualization featuring vegetation index anomalies over Africa and Middle East and locations of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) outbreaks (orange pins) during the period of 2000-2018. Frames are provided in 4K resolution.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
},
{
"id": 4747,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4747/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Vegetation index anomalies and Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreaks in South Africa during 2009-2011",
"description": "This visualization shows the relationship between vegetation index anomalies (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index - NDVI) data and outbreak locations of Rift Valley fever (RVf) during 2008 and 2011. The sequence starts in 2007 looking at the entire continent of Africa and zooms in the region of South Africa slowly to take a closer look at the above normal vegetation (green) and RVF outbreak locations (orange pins). Frames are provided in 4K resolution. || SAfrica_NDVIRVFwDates_3840x2160_1263_print.jpg (1024x576) [86.2 KB] || SAfrica_NDVIRVFwDates_3840x2160_1263_searchweb.png (320x180) [56.0 KB] || SAfrica_NDVIRVFwDates_3840x2160_1263_thm.png (80x40) [4.5 KB] || SAfrica_NDVIRVFComposite_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [31.6 MB] || SAfrica_NDVIRVFComposite_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [7.0 MB] || Composite (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || SAfrica_NDVIRVFwDates_3840x2160_1263.tif (3840x2160) [7.6 MB] || SAfrica_NDVIRVFComposite_3840x2160_p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [96.4 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2020-02-21T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-02-02T00:12:35.273066-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 392107,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004700/a004747/SAfrica_NDVIRVFwDates_3840x2160_1263_print.jpg",
"filename": "SAfrica_NDVIRVFwDates_3840x2160_1263_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "This visualization shows the relationship between vegetation index anomalies (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index - NDVI) data and outbreak locations of Rift Valley fever (RVf) during 2008 and 2011. The sequence starts in 2007 looking at the entire continent of Africa and zooms in the region of South Africa slowly to take a closer look at the above normal vegetation (green) and RVF outbreak locations (orange pins). Frames are provided in 4K resolution.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
},
{
"id": 4784,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4784/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "ENSO Teleconnections and Rift Valley fever (RVF) Outbreaks",
"description": "During the 2008-2011 period, ENSO events brought changes to weather conditions across the globe that triggered infectious disease outbreaks, such as mosquito-borne Rift Valley fever (RVF) in South Africa. This visualization with corresponding data dashboard shows how Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies in the equatorial Pacific Ocean (left) gave rise to Precipitation (center) and Vegetation (right) Index Anomalies in South Africa. During La Niña events, Southern Africa receives persistent and above normal rainfall, which floods habitats of RVF mosquito vectors triggering hatching of RVF virus infected eggs. The above-normal rainfall is followed by an increase in vegetation creating appropriate habitats for the mosquito vectors setting the stage for RVF outbreak activity, which in simple terms means an uptick in mosquito populations that cause infections of domestic livestock and human populations with the RVF virus. However, in rare cases there is a departure from this canonical response, as we can observe in 2009-2010, when a mild El Niño event resulted in above normal vegetaton and a large RVF outbreak in South Africa. || ENSO_TeleconnectionsRVF_2008_2011_3840x2160_2960_print.jpg (1024x576) [107.8 KB] || ENSO_TeleconnectionsRVF_2008_2011_3840x2160_3525_searchweb.png (320x180) [63.0 KB] || ENSO_TeleconnectionsRVF_2008_2011_3840x2160_3525_thm.png (80x40) [6.5 KB] || ENSO_Teleconnections (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || SST_Precip_NDVI_Dashboard_2008_2011_1920x1080_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [22.7 MB] || ENSO_Teleconnections (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || ENSO_Teleconnections (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || ENSO_TeleconnectionsRVF_2008_2011_3840x2160_p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [56.0 MB] || ENSO_TeleconnectionsRVF_2008_2011_3840x2160_p30.webm (3840x2160) [10.2 MB] || ENSO_TeleconnectionsRVF_2008_2011_3840x2160_2960.tif (3840x2160) [3.4 MB] || ENSO_TeleconnectionsRVF_2008_2011_3840x2160_3525.tif (3840x2160) [3.4 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2020-02-21T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-02-02T00:13:13.644499-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 386811,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004700/a004784/ENSO_TeleconnectionsRVF_2008_2011_3840x2160_3525_searchweb.png",
"filename": "ENSO_TeleconnectionsRVF_2008_2011_3840x2160_3525_searchweb.png",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "During the 2008-2011 period, ENSO events brought changes to weather conditions across the globe that triggered infectious disease outbreaks, such as mosquito-borne Rift Valley fever (RVF) in South Africa. This visualization with corresponding data dashboard shows how Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies in the equatorial Pacific Ocean (left) gave rise to Precipitation (center) and Vegetation (right) Index Anomalies in South Africa. During La Niña events, Southern Africa receives persistent and above normal rainfall, which floods habitats of RVF mosquito vectors triggering hatching of RVF virus infected eggs. The above-normal rainfall is followed by an increase in vegetation creating appropriate habitats for the mosquito vectors setting the stage for RVF outbreak activity, which in simple terms means an uptick in mosquito populations that cause infections of domestic livestock and human populations with the RVF virus. However, in rare cases there is a departure from this canonical response, as we can observe in 2009-2010, when a mild El Niño event resulted in above normal vegetaton and a large RVF outbreak in South Africa.",
"width": 320,
"height": 180,
"pixels": 57600
}
},
{
"id": 4785,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4785/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies and Patterns of Global Disease Outbreaks: 2009-2018 (4K version)",
"description": "This webpage provides the 4K version of: Sea Surface Temperature anomalies and patterns of Global Disease Outbreaks: 2009-2018 (updated), released on January 6, 2020.Content has been created for 4K display systems that can handle finer resolution and details. It is recommended to use content from this version for HD (1920x1080) and lower resolutions. || ",
"release_date": "2020-01-09T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-02-02T00:13:15.129941-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 388258,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004700/a004785/CompositeWLabel_2009_2018_3840x2160_30fps_0852_print.jpg",
"filename": "CompositeWLabel_2009_2018_3840x2160_30fps_0852_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "This visualization shows the variability in global sea surface temperature anomalies, the associated ENSO index timeline and locations of infectious disease outbreaks over the global land surface. Content is available in 4K resolution.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
},
{
"id": 4781,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4781/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Sea Surface Temperature anomalies and patterns of Global Disease Outbreaks: 2009-2018 (updated)",
"description": "This visualization shows the variability in global sea surface temperature anomalies, the associated ENSO index timeline and locations of infectious disease outbreaks over the global land surface. || CompositeWLabel_2009_2018_1920x108060fps_1705_print.jpg (1024x576) [135.9 KB] || CompositeWLabel_2009_2018_1920x108060fps_1705_searchweb.png (320x180) [82.6 KB] || CompositeWLabel_2009_2018_1920x108060fps_1705_thm.png (80x40) [7.1 KB] || Composite_StrongElNino (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Composite_StrongElNino (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || CompositeWLabel_2009_2018_1920x1080_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [22.1 MB] || CompositeWLabel_2009_2018_1920x108060fps_1705.tif (1920x1080) [1.3 MB] || CompositeWLabel_2009_2018_1920x1080_p30.webm (1920x1080) [4.6 MB] || CompositeWLabel_2009_2018_1920x1080_p30.mp4.hwshow [205 bytes] || ",
"release_date": "2020-01-06T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-02-02T00:13:06.818408-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 388349,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004700/a004781/CompositeWLabel_2009_2018_1920x108060fps_1705_print.jpg",
"filename": "CompositeWLabel_2009_2018_1920x108060fps_1705_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "This visualization shows the variability in global sea surface temperature anomalies, the associated ENSO index timeline and locations of infectious disease outbreaks over the global land surface. ",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
},
{
"id": 4765,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4765/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Sea Surface Temperature anomalies and patterns of Global Disease Outbreaks: 2009-2018",
"description": "El Niño is an irregularly recurring climate pattern characterized by warmer than usual ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific, which creates a ripple effect of anticipated weather changes in far-spread regions. This visualization captures monthly Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies around the world from 2009-2018, along with locations of global disease outbreaks and a corresponding timeline showcasing the Niño 3.4 Index. The Niño 3.4 Index represents average equatorial sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean from about the International Date Line to the coast of South America. Highlighted in the timeline are the above average El Niño years, in which sea surface temperature anomalies peaked during 2015-2016. || SSTENSO_Diseases_Comp_2009_2018_1920x1080_0769_print.jpg (1024x576) [130.6 KB] || SSTENSO_Diseases_Comp_2009_2018_1920x1080_0769_searchweb.png (320x180) [79.7 KB] || SSTENSO_Diseases_Comp_2009_2018_1920x1080_0769_thm.png (80x40) [7.0 KB] || Composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || SSTENSO_Diseases_Comp_2009_2018_1920x1080_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [23.0 MB] || SSTENSO_Diseases_Comp_2009_2018_1920x1080_0769.tif (1920x1080) [1.3 MB] || SSTENSO_Diseases_Comp_2009_2018_1920x1080_p30.webm (1920x1080) [4.7 MB] || SSTENSO_Diseases_Comp_2009_2018_1920x1080_p30.mp4.hwshow [211 bytes] || ",
"release_date": "2019-12-10T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-02-02T00:12:46.498564-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 388873,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004700/a004765/SSTENSO_Diseases_Comp_2009_2018_1920x1080_0769_print.jpg",
"filename": "SSTENSO_Diseases_Comp_2009_2018_1920x1080_0769_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "El Niño is an irregularly recurring climate pattern characterized by warmer than usual ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific, which creates a ripple effect of anticipated weather changes in far-spread regions. This visualization captures monthly Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies around the world from 2009-2018, along with locations of global disease outbreaks and a corresponding timeline showcasing the Niño 3.4 Index. The Niño 3.4 Index represents average equatorial sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean from about the International Date Line to the coast of South America. Highlighted in the timeline are the above average El Niño years, in which sea surface temperature anomalies peaked during 2015-2016.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
},
{
"id": 4693,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4693/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Precipitation Anomaly and Dengue Outbreaks in South East Asia: 2015-2016",
"description": "The 2015-2016 El Niño event brought changes to weather conditions across the globe that triggered regional disease outbreaks, including mosquito-borne dengue fever in Southeast Asia. This visualization with corresponding timeplot graph reveals the relationship between precipitation anomaly in Southeast Asia and dengue outbreaks. Drier than normal habitats drew mosquitoes into populated, urban areas containing the open water needed for laying eggs. As the air warmed, mosquitoes also grew hungrier and reached sexual maturity more quickly, resulting in an increase in mosquito bites. || SEAsia_PrecipDengueComposite_1920x1080_1211_print.jpg (1024x576) [75.8 KB] || SEAsia_PrecipDengueComposite_1920x1080_1211_searchweb.png (320x180) [52.9 KB] || SEAsia_PrecipDengueComposite_1920x1080_1211_thm.png (80x40) [5.4 KB] || SEAsia_PrecipDengueComposite_1920x1080_p30.webm (1920x1080) [6.4 MB] || SEAsia_PrecipDengue_Composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || SEAsia_PrecipDengueComposite_1920x1080_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [14.8 MB] || SEAsia_PrecipDengueComposite_1920x1080_1211.tif (1920x1080) [1.5 MB] || SEAsia_PrecipDengueComposite (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || ",
"release_date": "2019-02-28T09:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-02-02T00:11:30.105895-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 397408,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004600/a004693/SEAsia_PrecipDengueComposite_1920x1080_1211_print.jpg",
"filename": "SEAsia_PrecipDengueComposite_1920x1080_1211_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "The 2015-2016 El Niño event brought changes to weather conditions across the globe that triggered regional disease outbreaks, including mosquito-borne dengue fever in Southeast Asia. This visualization with corresponding timeplot graph reveals the relationship between precipitation anomaly in Southeast Asia and dengue outbreaks. Drier than normal habitats drew mosquitoes into populated, urban areas containing the open water needed for laying eggs. As the air warmed, mosquitoes also grew hungrier and reached sexual maturity more quickly, resulting in an increase in mosquito bites.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
},
{
"id": 4696,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4696/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Land Surface Temperature Anomaly and Dengue Outbreaks in South East Asia Region: 2015-2016",
"description": "The 2015-2016 El Niño event brought changes to weather conditions across the globe that triggered regional disease outbreaks, including mosquito-borne dengue fever in Southeast Asia. This visualization with corresponding timeplot graph reveals the relationship between land surface temperature anomaly in Southeast Asia and dengue outbreaks. Higher than normal land surface temperatures results in an increase of dengue reported locations. || SEAsia_LSTDiseases_1920x1080_1730_print.jpg (1024x576) [85.1 KB] || SEAsia_LSTDiseases_1920x1080_1730_searchweb.png (320x180) [54.4 KB] || SEAsia_LSTDiseases_1920x1080_1730_thm.png (80x40) [5.3 KB] || SEAsia_LSTDengue_Composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || SEAsia_LSTDiseases_1920x1080_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [33.8 MB] || SEAsia_LSTDiseases_1920x1080_1730.tif (1920x1080) [1.7 MB] || SEAsia_LSTDiseases_1920x1080_p30.webm (1920x1080) [6.2 MB] || SEAsia_LSTDengue_Composite (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || ",
"release_date": "2019-02-28T09:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-02-02T00:11:33.263475-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 397244,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004600/a004696/SEAsia_LSTDiseases_1920x1080_1730_print.jpg",
"filename": "SEAsia_LSTDiseases_1920x1080_1730_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "The 2015-2016 El Niño event brought changes to weather conditions across the globe that triggered regional disease outbreaks, including mosquito-borne dengue fever in Southeast Asia. This visualization with corresponding timeplot graph reveals the relationship between land surface temperature anomaly in Southeast Asia and dengue outbreaks. Higher than normal land surface temperatures results in an increase of dengue reported locations.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
},
{
"id": 4697,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4697/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "ENSO teleconnections in South East Asia for the period of 2015-2016",
"description": "The 2015-2016 strong El Niño event brought changes to weather conditions across the globe that triggered regional infectious disease outbreaks, including mosquito-borne dengue fever in South East Asia. This visualization with corresponding multi-plot graph shows how Sea Surface Temperature anomalies in the equatorial Pacific Ocean (left), resulted in anomalous drought conditions (center) and increase in land surface temperatures (right) in South East Asia. During the 2015-2016 El Niño event, the South East Asia region received below than normal precipitation resulting in drier and warner than normal conditions, which increased the populations of mosquito vectors in urban areas, where there are open water storage containers providing ideal habitats for mosquito production. In addition, the higher than normal temperature on land shortens the maturation time of larvae to adult mosquitos and induces frequent blood feeding/biting of humans by mosquito vectors resulting in the amplification of dengue disease outbreaks over the South East Asia region. || SST_LST_Precip_2014_2016_Comp_print.jpg (1024x576) [82.9 KB] || SST_LST_Precip_2014_2016_Comp_searchweb.png (320x180) [51.5 KB] || SST_LST_Precip_2014_2016_Comp_thm.png (80x40) [6.0 KB] || SST_Precip_LST_Plot_Composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || SST_LST_Precip_2014_2016_Comp_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [9.7 MB] || SST_LST_Precip_2014_2016_Comp.tif (1920x1080) [1.1 MB] || SST_LST_Precip_2014_2016_Comp_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [4.2 MB] || TeleconnectionsSEAsia (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || SST_LST_Precip_2014_2016_Comp_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [203 bytes] || ",
"release_date": "2019-02-28T09:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-02-02T00:11:35.977656-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 398276,
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"filename": "SST_LST_Precip_2014_2016_Comp_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "The 2015-2016 strong El Niño event brought changes to weather conditions across the globe that triggered regional infectious disease outbreaks, including mosquito-borne dengue fever in South East Asia. This visualization with corresponding multi-plot graph shows how Sea Surface Temperature anomalies in the equatorial Pacific Ocean (left), resulted in anomalous drought conditions (center) and increase in land surface temperatures (right) in South East Asia. During the 2015-2016 El Niño event, the South East Asia region received below than normal precipitation resulting in drier and warner than normal conditions, which increased the populations of mosquito vectors in urban areas, where there are open water storage containers providing ideal habitats for mosquito production. In addition, the higher than normal temperature on land shortens the maturation time of larvae to adult mosquitos and induces frequent blood feeding/biting of humans by mosquito vectors resulting in the amplification of dengue disease outbreaks over the South East Asia region.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
}
],
"sources": [],
"products": [
{
"id": 13152,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13152/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "2015-2016 El Niño Triggered Disease Outbreaks Across the Globe",
"description": "Music: Under Offer by Peter Keith Yelland-BrownComplete transcript available. || ENSO_Dengue_Thumbnail.png (1920x1080) [3.2 MB] || ENSO_Dengue_Thumbnail_print.jpg (1024x576) [143.5 KB] || ENSO_Dengue_Thumbnail_searchweb.png (320x180) [88.1 KB] || ENSO_Dengue_Thumbnail_thm.png (80x40) [6.2 KB] || ENSO_Dengue_FINAL_lowres.mp4 (1280x720) [39.4 MB] || ENSO_Dengue_FINAL_lowres.webm (1280x720) [16.2 MB] || ENSO_Dengue_Captions.en_US.srt [2.6 KB] || ENSO_Dengue_Captions.en_US.vtt [2.6 KB] || ENSO_Dengue_FINAL.mov (1920x1080) [3.9 GB] || ",
"release_date": "2019-02-28T12:30:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:46:06.104651-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 397228,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013100/a013152/ENSO_Dengue_Thumbnail.png",
"filename": "ENSO_Dengue_Thumbnail.png",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Music: Under Offer by Peter Keith Yelland-BrownComplete transcript available.",
"width": 1920,
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}
}
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