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"description": "2018 Fourth Warmest Year in Continuing Warming Trend, According to NASA, NOAA\r
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Earth's global surface temperatures in 2018 were the fourth warmest since 1880, according to independent analyses by NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).\r
\r
Global temperatures in 2018 were 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit (0.83 degrees Celsius) warmer than the 1951 to 1980 mean, according to scientists at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York. Globally, 2018's temperatures rank behind those of 2016, 2017 and 2015. The past five years are, collectively, the warmest years in the modern record.\r
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“2018 is yet again an extremely warm year on top of a long-term global warming trend,” said GISS Director Gavin Schmidt.\r
\r
Since the 1880s, the average global surface temperature has risen about 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.1 degrees Celsius). This warming has been driven, in large part, by increased emissions into the atmosphere of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases caused by human activities, according to Schmidt. \r
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Warming trends are strongest in the Arctic region, where 2018 saw the continued loss of sea ice. In addition, mass loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets continued to contribute to sea level rise. Increasing temperatures can also contribute to longer fire seasons and some extreme weather events, according to Schmidt.\r
\r
Warming trends are strongest in the Arctic regions, where 2018 saw the continued loss of sea ice, as well as mass loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets that contribute to sea level rise. Increasing temperatures can also contribute to longer fire seasons and some extreme weather events, according to Schmidt.\r
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“The impacts of long-term global warming are already being felt - in coastal flooding, heat waves, intense precipitation and ecosystem change,” said Schmidt.\r
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NASA’s temperature analyses incorporate surface temperature measurements from 6,300 weather stations, ship- and buoy-based observations of sea surface temperatures, and temperature measurements from Antarctic research stations.\r
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These raw measurements are analyzed using an algorithm that considers the varied spacing of temperature stations around the globe and urban heat island effects that could skew the conclusions. These calculations produce the global average temperature deviations from the baseline period of 1951 to 1980.\r
\r
Because weather station locations and measurement practices change over time, the interpretation of specific year-to-year global mean temperature differences has some uncertainties. Taking this into account, NASA estimates that 2018’s global mean change is accurate to within 0.1 degree Fahrenheit, with a 95 percent certainty level.\r
\r
NOAA scientists used much of the same raw temperature data, but with a different baseline period and different interpolation into the Earth’s polar and other data poor regions. NOAA’s analysis found 2018 global temperatures were 1.42 degrees Fahrenheit (0.79 degrees Celsius) above the 20th century average.\r
\r
NASA’s full 2018 surface temperature data set — and the complete methodology used to make the temperature calculation — are available at:\r
\r
https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp\r
\r
GISS is a laboratory within the Earth Sciences Division of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. The laboratory is affiliated with Columbia University’s Earth Institute and School of Engineering and Applied Science in New York.\r
\r
NASA uses the unique vantage point of space to better understand Earth as an interconnected system. The agency also uses airborne and ground-based monitoring, and develops new ways to observe and study Earth with long-term data records and computer analysis tools to better see how our planet is changing. NASA shares this knowledge with the global community and works with institutions in the United States and around the world that contribute to understanding and protecting our home planet.\r
\r
For more information about NASA’s Earth science missions, visit:\r
\r
https://www.nasa.gov/earth",
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"id": 407817,
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"filename": "celsius",
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"alt_text": "This frame sequence of color-coded global temperature anomalies in degrees celsius. This frame sequence is designed to be displayed on the Science on a Sphere projection system. Each image represents a unique 5 year rolling time period with no fades between datasets. Frame 1 represents data from 1880-1884, frame 2 represents data from 1881-1885,... frame 135 represents data from 2014-2018. There is a metadata file called dateinfo_4626.txt. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal are shown in blue. ",
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},
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"people": [
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"employer": "NASA/GSFC GISS"
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{
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"description": "The GISS Surface Temperature Analysis version 4 (GISTEMP v4) is an estimate of global surface temperature change. Graphs and tables are updated around the middle of every month using current data files from NOAA GHCN v4 (meteorological stations) and ERSST v5 (ocean areas), combined as described in our publications [Hansen et al. (2010)](https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/ha00510u.html), [Lenssen et al. (2019)](https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/le05800h.html), and [Lenssen et al. (2024)](https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/le07900t.html).",
"credit": "Lenssen, N., G.A. Schmidt, M. Hendrickson, P. Jacobs, M. Menne, and R. Ruedy, 2024: [A GISTEMPv4 observational uncertainty ensemble](https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/le07900t.html). J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 129, no. 17, e2023JD040179, doi:10.1029/2023JD040179.",
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"related": [
{
"id": 4135,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4135/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Five-Year Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2013",
"description": "NASA scientists say 2013 tied with 2009 and 2006 for the seventh warmest year since 1880, continuing a long-term trend of rising global temperatures. With the exception of 1998, the 10 warmest years in the 134-year record all have occurred since 2000, with 2010 and 2005 ranking as the warmest years on record.NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York, which analyzes global surface temperatures on an ongoing basis, released an updated report Tuesday on temperatures around the globe in 2013. The comparison shows how Earth continues to experience temperatures warmer than those measured several decades ago. The average temperature in 2013 was 58.3 degrees Fahrenheit (14.6 degrees Celsius), which is 1.1 °F (0.6 °C) warmer than the mid-20th century baseline. The average global temperature has risen about 1.4 °F (0.8 °C) since 1880, according to the new analysis. Exact rankings for individual years are sensitive to data inputs and analysis methods.\"Long-term trends in surface temperatures are unusual and 2013 adds to the evidence for ongoing climate change,\" GISS climatologist Gavin Schmidt said. \"While one year or one season can be affected by random weather events, this analysis shows the necessity for continued, long-term monitoring.\"Scientists emphasize that weather patterns always will cause fluctuations in average temperatures from year to year, but the continued increases in greenhouse gas levels in Earth's atmosphere are driving a long-term rise in global temperatures. Each successive year will not necessarily be warmer than the year before, but with the current level of greenhouse gas emissions, scientists expect each successive decade to be warmer than the previous.Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that traps heat and plays a major role in controlling changes to Earth's climate. It occurs naturally and also is emitted by the burning of fossil fuels for energy. Driven by increasing man-made emissions, the level of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere presently is higher than at any time in the last 800,000 years. The carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere was about 285 parts per million in 1880, the first year in the GISS temperature record. By 1960, the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, measured at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, was about 315 parts per million. This measurement peaked last year at more than 400 parts per million.While the world experienced relatively warm temperatures in 2013, the continental United States experienced the 42nd warmest year on record, according to GISS analysis. For some other countries, such as Australia, 2013 was the hottest year on record.The temperature analysis produced at GISS is compiled from weather data from more than 1,000 meteorological stations around the world, satellite observations of sea-surface temperature, and Antarctic research station measurements, taking into account station history and urban heat island effects. Software is used to calculate the difference between surface temperature in a given month and the average temperature for the same place from 1951 to 1980. This three-decade period functions as a baseline for the analysis. It has been 38 years since the recording of a year of cooler than average temperatures.The GISS temperature record is one of several global temperature analyses, along with those produced by the Met Office Hadley Centre in the United Kingdom and NOAA's National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, N.C. These three primary records use slightly different methods, but overall, their trends show close agreement.Additional commentary on the 2013 temperature anomaly is provided by Dr. James Hansen of Columbia University at: http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2014/20140121_Temperature2013.pdfThe GISTEMP analysis website is located at: http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/ || ",
"release_date": "2014-01-21T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-02-02T22:13:21.205434-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 459440,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004100/a004135/GCM2013update_robinson_composite.0790.jpg",
"filename": "GCM2013update_robinson_composite.0790.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies from 1880 through 2013. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal temperatures are shown in blue.The final frame represents global temperature anomalies averaged from 2009 through 2013. ",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080,
"pixels": 2073600
}
},
{
"id": 3901,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3901/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Five-Year Average Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2011",
"description": "The global average surface temperature in 2011 was the ninth warmest since 1880.The finding sustains a trend that has seen the 21st century experience nine of the 10 warmest years in the modern meteorological record. NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York released an analysis of how temperatures around the globe in 2011 compared to the average global temperature from the mid-20th century. The comparison shows how Earth continues to experience higher temperatures than several decades ago. The average temperature around the globe in 2011 was 0.92 degrees F (0.51 C) higher than the mid-20th century baseline.\"We know the planet is absorbing more energy than it is emitting,\" said GISS director James E. Hansen. \"So we are continuing to see a trend toward higher temperatures. Even with the cooling effects of a strong La Ni?a influence and low solar activity for the past several years, 2011 was one of the 10 warmest years on record.\"The difference between 2011 and the warmest year in the GISS record (2010) is 0.22 degrees F (0.12 C). This underscores the emphasis scientists put on the long-term trend of global temperature rise as opposed to year-to-year variations. Because of the large natural variability of climate, scientists do not expect annual temperatures to rise consistently each year. However, they do expect a continuing temperature rise over decades. The first 11 years of the 21st century experienced notably higher temperatures compared to the middle and late 20th century, Hansen said.For more information on the GISS temperature analysis, visit http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp. || ",
"release_date": "2012-01-20T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-05T00:01:38.029846-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 479801,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003900/a003901/dates2011updateGISStemperatureAnomalydates.1550_web.png",
"filename": "dates2011updateGISStemperatureAnomalydates.1550_web.png",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "This color-coded map displays a progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies from 1880 through 2011. The final frame represents global temperature anomalies averaged from 2007 to 2011.",
"width": 320,
"height": 180,
"pixels": 57600
}
},
{
"id": 3490,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3490/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Five-Year Average Global Temperature Anomalies from 1881 to 2007",
"description": "Each year, scientists at NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies analyze global temperature data. A rapid warming trend has occurred over the past 30 years, and the eight hottest years on the GISS record have occurred in the past decade. 2005 is the hottest year on record, and 2007 is tied with 1998 for second place. The Earth is experiencing the warmest level of the current interglacial period, or interval between ice ages, which has lasted nearly 12,000 years. This color-coded map displays a long term progression of changing global surface temperatures, from 1881 to 2007. Dark red indicates the greatest warming and dark blue indicates the greatest cooling. || ",
"release_date": "2008-01-16T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:30.221415-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 506352,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003400/a003490/GCM_temp_anomaly_2003_2007_labeled.0990_web.png",
"filename": "GCM_temp_anomaly_2003_2007_labeled.0990_web.png",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "This data visualization of global temperature differences from 1881 to 2007. Dark blue areas show regions where the temperature was cooler then the average temperature. Red areas show regions where the temperature was warmer then the average.",
"width": 320,
"height": 180,
"pixels": 57600
}
},
{
"id": 3375,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3375/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Five-Year Average Global Temperature Anomalies from 1881 to 2006",
"description": "Because of a rapid warming trend over the past 30 years, the Earth is now reaching and passing through the warmest levels seen in the last 12,000 years. This color-coded map shows a progression of changing global surface temperatures from 1881 to 2006, the warmest ranked year on record. || ",
"release_date": "2006-09-25T00:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:50.233853-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 510158,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003300/a003375/tempanom.0975.jpg",
"filename": "tempanom.0975.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Animation of global temperature anomalies from 1881 to 2006 taken as a five-year moving average. Dark blue indicates areas cooler than average. Dark red indicates areas warmer than average. This animation is not annotated.",
"width": 720,
"height": 486,
"pixels": 349920
}
}
],
"sources": [],
"products": [
{
"id": 13309,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13309/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Arctic Sea Ice Reaches 2019 Minimum Extent",
"description": "Music: Hiraeth by Anthony Edwin Phillips [PRS], James Edward CollinsComplete transcript available. || Arctic_Min_2019_Thumbnail_LKW.png (1920x1080) [2.2 MB] || Arctic_Min_2019_Thumbnail_LKW_print.jpg (1024x576) [102.3 KB] || Arctic_Min_2019_Thumbnail_LKW_searchweb.png (320x180) [88.1 KB] || Arctic_Min_2019_Thumbnail_LKW_thm.png (80x40) [6.9 KB] || Arctic_Min_2019_LKW.mov (1920x1080) [3.8 GB] || Arctic_Min_2019_LKW.webm (1920x1080) [19.9 MB] || Arctic_Min_2019_LKW.mp4 (1920x1080) [182.4 MB] || Arctic_Min_2019_LKW.en_US.srt [3.4 KB] || Arctic_Min_2019_LKW.en_US.vtt [3.3 KB] || ",
"release_date": "2019-09-23T13:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:45:37.942725-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 393006,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013300/a013309/Arctic_Min_2019_Thumbnail_LKW.png",
"filename": "Arctic_Min_2019_Thumbnail_LKW.png",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Music: Hiraeth by Anthony Edwin Phillips [PRS], James Edward CollinsComplete transcript available.",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080,
"pixels": 2073600
}
},
{
"id": 13281,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13281/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "NASA Studies How Arctic Fires Change the World",
"description": "Music: Stepping Stone Bridge by Timothy Michael Hammond [PRS], Wayne Roberts [PRS]Watching Ladybirds by Benjamin James Parsons [PRS] This video can be freely shared and downloaded. While the video in its entirety can be shared without permission, some individual imagery provided by pond5.com and Artbeats is obtained through permission and may not be excised or remixed in other products. Specific details on stock footage may be found here. For more information on NASA’s media guidelines, visit https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/guidelines/index.html. Complete transcript available. || Thumbnail_Arctic_Fires_Print.jpg (1920x1080) [917.1 KB] || Thumbnail_Arctic_Fires_Print_searchweb.png (320x180) [121.3 KB] || Thumbnail_Arctic_Fires_Print_thm.png (80x40) [8.0 KB] || 13281_Arctic_Fires_720.mp4 (1280x720) [265.3 MB] || 13281_Arctic_Fires.mov (1920x1080) [3.5 GB] || 13281_Arctic_Fires.webm (1920x1080) [21.2 MB] || 13281_Arctic_Fires.en_US.srt [4.1 KB] || 13281_Arctic_Fires.en_US.vtt [4.0 KB] || ",
"release_date": "2019-08-13T11:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:45:42.568131-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 393877,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013281/Thumbnail_Arctic_Fires_Print.jpg",
"filename": "Thumbnail_Arctic_Fires_Print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Music: Stepping Stone Bridge by Timothy Michael Hammond [PRS], Wayne Roberts [PRS]Watching Ladybirds by Benjamin James Parsons [PRS] This video can be freely shared and downloaded. While the video in its entirety can be shared without permission, some individual imagery provided by pond5.com and Artbeats is obtained through permission and may not be excised or remixed in other products. Specific details on stock footage may be found here. For more information on NASA’s media guidelines, visit https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/guidelines/index.html. Complete transcript available.",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080,
"pixels": 2073600
}
},
{
"id": 13188,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13188/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Earth from Orbit 2019: How NASA Satellites #PictureEarth",
"description": "Music: After the Sun by Andrew Michael Britton [PRS], David Stephen Goldsmith [PRS], Andrew Skeet [PRS]Complete transcript available. || Still_print.jpg (1024x574) [166.3 KB] || Still.png (3022x1696) [8.0 MB] || Still_searchweb.png (320x180) [119.3 KB] || Still_thm.png (80x40) [7.5 KB] || 13188_Earth_From_Orbit_2019_Final_Text.webm (960x540) [49.7 MB] || FACEBOOK_720_13188_Earth_From_Orbit_2019_Final_Text_facebook_720.mp4 (1280x720) [139.2 MB] || YOUTUBE_1080_13188_Earth_From_Orbit_2019_Final_Text_youtube_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [193.3 MB] || 13188_Earth_From_Orbit_2019_Final_Text.en_US.srt [1.2 KB] || 13188_Earth_From_Orbit_2019_Final_Text.en_US.vtt [1.2 KB] || ",
"release_date": "2019-04-19T11:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:46:00.659910-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 396239,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013100/a013188/Still_print.jpg",
"filename": "Still_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Music: After the Sun by Andrew Michael Britton [PRS], David Stephen Goldsmith [PRS], Andrew Skeet [PRS]Complete transcript available.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 574,
"pixels": 587776
}
},
{
"id": 13142,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13142/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "2018 Was the Fourth Hottest Year on Record",
"description": "2018 was the fourth hottest year in the modern record, part of a decades-long trend of warming. The record dates back to 1880, when it became possible to collect consistent, reliable temperatures around the planet. NASA and NOAA work together to track the temperatures, part of ongoing research into our warming planet. || ",
"release_date": "2019-02-06T11:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:46:09.078812-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 397581,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013100/a013142/FlatMapStill.jpg",
"filename": "FlatMapStill.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Music: Sculpture by Axel Coon [GEMA], Ralf Goebel [GEMA]Complete transcript available.",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080,
"pixels": 2073600
}
}
],
"newer_versions": [
{
"id": 5450,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5450/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2024",
"description": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are shown in white. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. Normal temperatures are calculated over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. The maps are averages over a running 24 month window. The final frame represents global temperature anomalies in 2024.",
"release_date": "2025-01-10T11:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2026-01-20T00:19:30.917595-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 1153214,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005400/a005450/2024GISTEMPMap_2K.png",
"filename": "2024GISTEMPMap_2K.png",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are shown in white. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. Normal temperatures are calculated over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. The maps are averages over a running 24 month window. The final frame represents global temperature anomalies in 2024.",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080,
"pixels": 2073600
}
},
{
"id": 5207,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5207/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2023",
"description": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are shown in white. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. Normal temperatures are calculated over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. The maps are averages over a running 24 month window. The final frame represents global temperature anomalies in 2023. || 2023GISTEMP_Map.00899_print.jpg (1024x576) [138.7 KB] || 2023GISTEMP_Map.00899_searchweb.png (320x180) [66.6 KB] || 2023GISTEMP_Map.00899_thm.png (80x40) [6.4 KB] || 2023GISTEMP_Map.00899_web.png (320x180) [65.9 KB] || 2023GISTEMP_Map_HD.mp4 (1920x1080) [57.2 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || 2023GISTEMP_Map.mp4 (3840x2160) [114.3 MB] || earth_observations_5x3.hwshow || ",
"release_date": "2024-01-12T11:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-06-23T00:16:15.735701-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 1088347,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005200/a005207/2023GISTEMP_Map.00899_print.jpg",
"filename": "2023GISTEMP_Map.00899_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are shown in white. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. Normal temperatures are calculated over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. The maps are averages over a running 24 month window. The final frame represents global temperature anomalies in 2023.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
},
{
"id": 5060,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5060/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2022",
"description": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are shown in white. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. Normal temperatures are calculated over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2018-2022. || GISTEMP-2022-TemperatureAnomalyBothCelsiusFahrenheit.00899_print.jpg (1024x576) [145.3 KB] || GISTEMP-2022-TemperatureAnomalyBothCelsiusFahrenheit.00899_searchweb.png (180x320) [74.8 KB] || GISTEMP-2022-TemperatureAnomalyBothCelsiusFahrenheit.00899_thm.png (80x40) [6.3 KB] || GISTEMP-2022-TemperatureAnomalyBothCelsiusFahrenheit.mp4 (1920x1080) [57.8 MB] || celsius (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || celsius (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || ",
"release_date": "2023-01-12T10:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-06-23T00:14:07.735627-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 552069,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005000/a005060/GISTEMP-2022-TemperatureAnomalyBothCelsiusFahrenheit.00899_print.jpg",
"filename": "GISTEMP-2022-TemperatureAnomalyBothCelsiusFahrenheit.00899_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are shown in white. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. Normal temperatures are calculated over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2018-2022. ",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
},
{
"id": 4964,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4964/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2021",
"description": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are shown in white. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. Normal temperatures are calculated over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2017-2021. Scale in degrees Fahrenheit. || 2021f-TemperatureAnomalyF.0900_print.jpg (1024x576) [164.1 KB] || 2021f-TemperatureAnomalyF.0900_searchweb.png (180x320) [74.9 KB] || 2021f-TemperatureAnomalyF.0900_thm.png (80x40) [14.4 KB] || 2021f-TemperatureAnomalyF.0900.tif (1920x1080) [1.6 MB] || 2021GISStempF-5yrAvg.mp4 (1920x1080) [41.1 MB] || fahrenheit (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || 2021GISStempF-5yrAvg.webm (1920x1080) [3.4 MB] || 2021TempAnomalyF_GISSTEMP_1080p30.mp4.hwshow || ",
"release_date": "2022-01-13T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-06-23T00:13:24.073238-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 373796,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004900/a004964/2021f-TemperatureAnomalyF.0900_print.jpg",
"filename": "2021f-TemperatureAnomalyF.0900_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are shown in white. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. Normal temperatures are calculated over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2017-2021. Scale in degrees Fahrenheit.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
},
{
"id": 4901,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4901/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Climate Drivers",
"description": "What are the latest climate models saying about why climate has changed and what might happen in the future? Scientists improve these models using the latest satellite data.GISS is a NASA laboratory managed by the Earth Sciences Division of the agency’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. The laboratory is affiliated with Columbia University’s Earth Institute and School of Engineering and Applied Science in New York. || ",
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"alt_text": "All frames on this page are showing the same time sequence. THis is the corresponding year for all of the frame sequences.",
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"title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2020",
"description": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are the average over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2016-2020. Scale in degrees Celsius. || print_cel2020_00000_print.jpg (1024x576) [184.6 KB] || print_cel2020_00000_searchweb.png (320x180) [71.3 KB] || print_cel2020_00000_thm.png (80x40) [6.5 KB] || GISSTEMP_celsius_fade_composite.mp4 (1920x1080) [69.1 MB] || GISSTEMP_celsius_fade_composite.webm (1920x1080) [3.4 MB] || print_cel2020_00000.tif (3840x2160) [23.7 MB] || ",
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"alt_text": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are the average over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2016-2020. Scale in degrees Celsius.",
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"title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2019",
"description": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are the average over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2015-2019. Scale in degrees Celsius. || CelsiusRobinson_0889_print.jpg (1024x576) [111.8 KB] || CelsiusRobinson_0889_searchweb.png (320x180) [79.4 KB] || CelsiusRobinson_0889_thm.png (80x40) [7.1 KB] || CelsiusRobinson2019update_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [19.0 MB] || RobinsonCelsiusSequenceComposite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || CelsiusRobinson2019update_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [3.7 MB] || Celsius_UHD_composite (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || GISSTEMP2019_Celsius_UHD_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [69.3 MB] || CelsiusRobinson2019update_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [238 bytes] || ",
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"update_date": "2025-02-02T00:13:15.870485-05:00",
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"alt_text": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are the average over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2015-2019. Scale in degrees Celsius.",
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"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2017",
"description": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 through 2017. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the global temperatures 5-year averaged from 2013 through 2017. Scale in degree Celsius.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || gistemp2017_celsius_1072_print.jpg (1024x576) [114.7 KB] || gistemp2017_celsius_1072_searchweb.png (320x180) [74.8 KB] || gistemp2017_celsius_1072_thm.png (80x40) [7.2 KB] || gistemp2017_celsius_wDatesColorbar (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || gistemp2017_celsius_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [36.8 MB] || gistemp2017_celsius_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [4.1 MB] || gistemp2017_celsius_PrintStill.tif (1920x1080) [7.9 MB] || gistemp2017_celsius_wDatesColorbar_4k (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || gistemp2017_celsius_4k_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [136.7 MB] || gistemp2017_celsius_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [193 bytes] || ",
"release_date": "2018-01-18T10:30:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-06T00:12:25.765535-05:00",
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"alt_text": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 through 2017. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the global temperatures 5-year averaged from 2013 through 2017. Scale in degree Celsius.This video is also available on our YouTube channel.",
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{
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"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Five-Year Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2016",
"description": "This color-coded map displays a progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies from 1880 through 2016. The final frame represents global temperature anomalies averaged from 2012 through 2016 in degrees Celsius. || robinson2_1212_print.jpg (1024x576) [124.2 KB] || robinson2_1213_searchweb.png (180x320) [72.8 KB] || robinson2_1213_thm.png (80x40) [6.7 KB] || gistemp2016_5year_full_record_celsius_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [46.3 MB] || gistemp2016_5year_full_record_celsius_30fps_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [46.3 MB] || Celsius_composite (1920x1080) [64.0 KB] || Celsius_composite (1920x1080) [64.0 KB] || gistemp2016_5year_full_record_celsius_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [2.1 MB] || gistemp2016_5year_full_record_celsius_4546.key [48.7 MB] || gistemp2016_5year_full_record_celsius_4546.pptx [48.3 MB] || gistemp2016_5year_full_record_celsius_1080p.mp4.hwshow [258 bytes] || ",
"release_date": "2017-01-18T10:29:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2024-12-15T00:07:03.067874-05:00",
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"alt_text": "This color-coded map displays a progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies from 1880 through 2016. The final frame represents global temperature anomalies averaged from 2012 through 2016 in degrees Fahrenheit.",
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{
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"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Five-Year Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2015",
"description": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 through 2015. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the global temperatures 5-year averaged from 2011 through 2015. Scale in degree Celsius.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C_print.jpg (1024x576) [107.0 KB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C_print_searchweb.png (320x180) [78.5 KB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C_print_thm.png (80x40) [7.3 KB] || celsius_composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [79.5 MB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C.webm (960x540) [13.3 MB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [16.3 MB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C.mpeg (1280x720) [122.2 MB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C_prores.mov (1280x720) [533.7 MB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C.key [20.0 MB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C.pptx [17.4 MB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [4.8 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2016-01-20T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-05T00:07:01.030234-05:00",
"main_image": {
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"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004400/a004419/4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C_print.jpg",
"filename": "4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 through 2015. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the global temperatures 5-year averaged from 2011 through 2015. Scale in degree Celsius.This video is also available on our YouTube channel.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
},
{
"id": 4030,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4030/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Five-Year Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2012",
"description": "This color-coded map displays a progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies from 1880 through 2012. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal temperatures are shown in blue. Global surface temperature in 2012 was +0.55 || ",
"release_date": "2013-01-15T13:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-02-02T22:10:02.552757-05:00",
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"filename": "doublespeed.0777_web.png",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Abbreviated 13 second movie starting from 1950 through 2012 with dates and colorbar applied.",
"width": 320,
"height": 180,
"pixels": 57600
}
}
],
"alternate_versions": []
}