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"description": "A huge amount of our remote sensing capability depends on the light, AKA electromagnetic radiation, which we receive from distant objects. In addition to the light's wavelength and frequency (which tell us the speed of the radiation - which can be slower than 'c' in some environments), the polarization of the waves can reveal more insights on the source of the light, and the region through which it has passed.
The wave polarization is determined by the direction of the electric vector (represented by yellow arrows in these visualizations). We classify electromagnetic wave polarization as linearly polarized or circularly polarized, depending on whether the electric vector maintains a fixed direction in space (linear polarization) or rotates around the direction vector (red arrows) in the case of circular polarization. Circular polarization can be classified as left-circularly polarized or right-circularly polarized. There is also elliptical polarization which can be constructed as a combination of linear, left- and right-polarized waves.
For these visualizations, we define left- and right-circular polarization based on the 'Right-hand rule' (Wikipedia), determined by the motion of the electric vector at a fixed position along the wave (see Wikipedia: Circular Polarization). There is some ambiguity in these conventions, so use caution when applying.",
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"id": 4649,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4649/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Plasma Zoo: Gyroresonant Scattering",
"description": "In a background magnetic field, represented by the cyan arrows, two electrons are propagating to the right, executing identical gyromotion. A circularly polarized electromagnetic wave approaches the upper electron from the left. || GyroresonanceV3_RideAlong_inertial.HD1080i.0150_print.jpg (1024x576) [85.3 KB] || GyroresonanceV3_RideAlong_inertial.HD1080i.0150_searchweb.png (320x180) [55.9 KB] || GyroresonanceV3_RideAlong_inertial.HD1080i.0150_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || RideAlong (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || GyroresonanceV3_RideAlong.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [17.2 MB] || GyroresonanceV3_RideAlong.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [2.3 MB] || GyroresonanceV3_RideAlong_inertial.HD1080i.0150.tif (1920x1080) [2.4 MB] || RideAlong (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || GyroresonanceV3_RideAlong.UHD3840_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [49.4 MB] || GyroresonanceV3_RideAlong.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [203 bytes] || ",
"release_date": "2018-05-29T10:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-06T00:12:56.233070-05:00",
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"filename": "GyroresonanceV3_RideAlong_inertial.HD1080i.0150_print.jpg",
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"alt_text": "In a background magnetic field, represented by the cyan arrows, two electrons are propagating to the right, executing identical gyromotion. A circularly polarized electromagnetic wave approaches the upper electron from the left.",
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{
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"title": "Shock Drift Acceleration (SDA)",
"description": "This visualization of particle acceleration across a shock is a simplied representation of shock drift acceleration (SDA) showing the motion of electrons (yellow) and protons (blue). It is presented with the same color table designations as other critters in our Plasma Zoo. || SDAShock_tour_inertial.HD1080i.1000_print.jpg (1024x576) [124.6 KB] || SDAShock_tour_inertial.HD1080i.1000_searchweb.png (320x180) [83.0 KB] || SDAShock_tour_inertial.HD1080i.1000_thm.png (80x40) [5.3 KB] || StandardVersion (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || SDAShock_tour_standard.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [72.8 MB] || SDAShock_tour_standard.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [7.1 MB] || StandardVersion (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || SDAShock_tour_standard.UHD3840_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [232.9 MB] || SDAShock_tour_standard.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [200 bytes] || ",
"release_date": "2016-11-14T13:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-05T23:09:02.852697-05:00",
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"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "This visualization of particle acceleration across a shock is a simplied representation of shock drift acceleration (SDA) showing the motion of electrons (yellow) and protons (blue). It is presented with the same color table designations as other critters in our Plasma Zoo.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
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{
"id": 4261,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4261/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Plasma Zoo: Gyromotion in Two Dimensions",
"description": "Visualization from two camera positions of simple 2-dimensional gyro-motion of charged particles in a magnetic field. || GyromotionPlane_inertial.HD1080i.0600_print.jpg (1024x576) [120.0 KB] || GyromotionPlane_inertial.HD1080i.0600_searchweb.png (320x180) [77.2 KB] || GyromotionPlane_inertial.HD1080i.0600_thm.png (80x40) [5.3 KB] || GyromotionPlane_inertial.HD1080i.0600_web.png (320x180) [77.2 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || GyromotionPlane.HD1080.webm (1920x1080) [3.6 MB] || GyromotionPlane_inertial_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [21.6 MB] || GyromotionPlane.HD1080.mov (1920x1080) [117.5 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2015-02-02T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:03.756118-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 447169,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004200/a004261/GyromotionPlane_inertial.HD1080i.0600_print.jpg",
"filename": "GyromotionPlane_inertial.HD1080i.0600_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Visualization from two camera positions of simple 2-dimensional gyro-motion of charged particles in a magnetic field.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
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},
{
"id": 4262,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4262/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Plasma Zoo: Gyromotion in Three Dimensions",
"description": "Visualization from two camera positions of simple 3-dimensional gyro-motion of charged particles in a magnetic field. || GyromotionZ_inertial.HD1080i.0600_print.jpg (1024x576) [120.9 KB] || GyromotionZ_inertial.HD1080i.0600_searchweb.png (320x180) [78.1 KB] || GyromotionZ_inertial.HD1080i.0600_thm.png (80x40) [5.4 KB] || GyromotionZ_inertial.HD1080i.0600_web.png (320x180) [78.1 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || GyromotionZ.HD1080.webm (1920x1080) [3.6 MB] || GyromotionZ_inertial_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [22.1 MB] || GyromotionZ.HD1080.mov (1920x1080) [118.8 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2015-02-02T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:03.846201-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 447176,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004200/a004262/GyromotionZ_inertial.HD1080i.0600_print.jpg",
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"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Visualization from two camera positions of simple 3-dimensional gyro-motion of charged particles in a magnetic field.",
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"height": 576,
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}
},
{
"id": 4263,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4263/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Plasma Zoo: Particle Drift in a Magnetic Gradient",
"description": "Visualization from two camera positions of simple gyro-motion of charged particles in a changing magnetic field. || BGradient_inertial.HD1080i.0600_print.jpg (1024x576) [124.3 KB] || BGradient_inertial.HD1080i.0600_searchweb.png (320x180) [81.3 KB] || BGradient_inertial.HD1080i.0600_thm.png (80x40) [5.6 KB] || BGradient_inertial.HD1080i.0600_web.png (320x180) [81.3 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || BGradient.HD1080.webm (1920x1080) [3.7 MB] || BGradient_inertial_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [22.2 MB] || BGradient.HD1080.mov (1920x1080) [121.1 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2015-02-02T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:03.943038-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 447185,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004200/a004263/BGradient_inertial.HD1080i.0600_print.jpg",
"filename": "BGradient_inertial.HD1080i.0600_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Visualization from two camera positions of simple gyro-motion of charged particles in a changing magnetic field.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
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}
},
{
"id": 4264,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4264/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Plasma Zoo: Field-Aligned Current (Birkeland Current)",
"description": "Visualization from two camera positions of gyro-motion of charged particles in parallel electric and magnetic fields. || EBParallel_inertial.HD1080i.0600_print.jpg (1024x576) [123.4 KB] || EBParallel_inertial.HD1080i.0600_searchweb.png (320x180) [80.8 KB] || EBParallel_inertial.HD1080i.0600_web.png (320x180) [80.8 KB] || EBParallel_inertial.HD1080i.0600_thm.png (80x40) [5.6 KB] || EBParallel.cam1 (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || EBParallel.cam1.HD1080.webm (1920x1080) [3.6 MB] || EBParallel_cam1_HD1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [22.3 MB] || EBParallel.cam1.HD1080.mov (1920x1080) [120.0 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2015-02-02T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:04.045655-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 447194,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004200/a004264/EBParallel_inertial.HD1080i.0600_print.jpg",
"filename": "EBParallel_inertial.HD1080i.0600_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Visualization from two camera positions of gyro-motion of charged particles in parallel electric and magnetic fields.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
},
{
"id": 4265,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4265/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Plasma Zoo: E-cross-B Drift",
"description": "Visualization from two camera positions of gyro-motion of charged particles in perpendicular electric and magnetic fields. || EBvOrthogonal_inertial.HD1080i.0600_print.jpg (1024x576) [123.3 KB] || EBvOrthogonal_inertial.HD1080i.0600_searchweb.png (320x180) [79.0 KB] || EBvOrthogonal_inertial.HD1080i.0600_thm.png (80x40) [5.5 KB] || EBvOrthogonal_inertial.HD1080i.0600_web.png (320x180) [79.0 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || EBvOrthogonal.HD1080.webm (1920x1080) [3.6 MB] || EBvOrthogonal_inertial_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [22.2 MB] || EBvOrthogonal.HD1080.mov (1920x1080) [120.0 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2015-02-02T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:04.137017-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 447206,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004200/a004265/EBvOrthogonal_inertial.HD1080i.0600_print.jpg",
"filename": "EBvOrthogonal_inertial.HD1080i.0600_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Visualization from two camera positions of gyro-motion of charged particles in perpendicular electric and magnetic fields.",
"width": 1024,
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}
}
],
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