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"update_date": "2025-01-05T00:07:14.937429-05:00",
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"description": "This visualization starts with the viewer camera just outside earth's magnetosphere (the faint grey mesh) looking down on the orbit of the four MMS spacecraft. During this portion of the mission, the apogee of the orbit takes the spacecraft just outside the magnetopause. The lower orbit speed at this location maximizes the time spent there and increases chances of catching a reconnection event which is the goal of the mission.
The camera zooms in to a chase of the four spacraft, simultaneously altering the timescale so each movie frame has a smaller time between them. We catch up with the four spacecraft and see the tetrahedral flying formation.
The MMS spacecraft are not always collecting data. Due to telemetry limitations, the data is collected in segments, at different sampling rates, and then downloaded to ground-stations on Earth. In this close-up view, we see two segments of data collection, with a short gap of no data between them.
The arrows represent the data collected by the spacecraft. To better comprehend changes as the spacecraft moves along, the data are allowed to 'echo' along the spacecraft trail. The length of the vectors represent the relative magnitude of the vector. However, the electron and proton vectors are scaled so equal velocities correspond to vectors of equal magnitude.
- Magenta represents the direction and magnitude of the magnetic field at the spacecraft position.
- Yellow represents the direction and magnitude of the bulk motion (total average) velocity of the electrons measured at the spacecraft position.
- Blue represents the direction and magnitude of the bulk motion (total average) velocity of the protons measured at the spacecraft position.
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"description": "Early sampling of the data near magnetopause passage. Note the magnetic field (magenta arrows) appears fairly uniform.",
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"alt_text": "Early sampling of the data near magnetopause passage. Note the magnetic field (magenta arrows) appears fairly uniform.",
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"description": "Near the height of the reconnection event, electrons (yellow) are flying in all directions.",
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"related": [
{
"id": 4639,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4639/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "MMS Sees a New Type of Reconnection",
"description": "The Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission consists of four identical satellites that traverse various regions of Earth's magnetosphere measuring the particles and electric and magnetic field which influence them.In the turbulent plasma between Earth's magnetopause and bow shock, a region called the magnetosheath, the MMS satellite constellation has measured multiple jets of energetic electrons between magnetic bubbles. This appears to be a new 'flavor' of magnetic reconnection based on electrons and occuring on smaller time and spatial scales than the standard model of magnetic reconnection with ions.In these data visualizations, the arrows represent the data collected by the spacecraft. To better comprehend changes as the spacecraft moves along, the data are allowed to 'echo' along the spacecraft trail. The length of the vectors represent the relative magnitude of the vector. However, the electron and proton vectors are scaled so equal velocities correspond to vectors of equal magnitude.Magenta represents the direction and magnitude of the magnetic field at the spacecraft position.Green represents the direction and magnitude of the net electric current created by the motion of the electrons and ions measured at the spacecraft position.The four MMS spacecraft are represented by colored spheres, corresponding to the plotted data lines in the lower graphicMMS1MMS2MMS3MMS4The clocks on MMS are synchronized for the TAI (International Atomic Time) system provided through the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. It provides a high-precision time reference for comparing MMS measurements to other datasets. || ",
"release_date": "2018-05-09T13:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-06T00:12:51.453633-05:00",
"main_image": {
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"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004600/a004639/PhanNewReconnect_Fly2Pursuit2Drift_Dec09DataShort_RE_MMS.slate_CRTT.HD1080i.3000_print.jpg",
"filename": "PhanNewReconnect_Fly2Pursuit2Drift_Dec09DataShort_RE_MMS.slate_CRTT.HD1080i.3000_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "From a wide view of the MMS orbit, this visualization zooms down to the four spacecraft as they move between the magnetopause and bow shock. Along the track of each spacecraft we see the measured magnetic field vectors (magenta arrows) and the measured current vectors (green arrows). The energetic event of interest occurs at clock time of 09:03:54.3 TAI.",
"width": 1024,
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{
"id": 4549,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4549/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "MMS Phase 2b: Transitioning to Magnetosphere Science on the Darkside",
"description": "Visualization of the spacecraft orbit transition from apogee at the dayside magnetopause to the nightside magnetopause. || MMSPhase2b_Pole_Jan2May2017_RE_GSE.slate_GSEtour.UHD3840.3660_print.jpg (1024x576) [103.1 KB] || MMSPhase2b_Pole_Jan2May2017_RE_GSE.slate_GSEtour.UHD3840.3660_searchweb.png (320x180) [72.9 KB] || MMSPhase2b_Pole_Jan2May2017_RE_GSE.slate_GSEtour.UHD3840.3660_thm.png (80x40) [5.2 KB] || MMSPhase2b_Pole_Jan2May2017_Fast.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [23.0 MB] || FastVersion (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || MMSPhase2b_Pole_Jan2May2017_Fast.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [140.4 MB] || FastVersion (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || MMSPhase2b_Pole_Jan2May2017.UHD3840_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [449.6 MB] || MMSPhase2b_Pole_Jan2May2017_Fast.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [210 bytes] || ",
"release_date": "2017-02-09T10:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-05T23:17:32.639878-05:00",
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"filename": "MMSPhase2b_Pole_Jan2May2017_RE_GSE.slate_GSEtour.UHD3840.3660_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Giving each other lots of room...",
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},
{
"id": 4454,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4454/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "MMS Fly Along with Magnetopause Reconnection",
"description": "Fly along with MMS satellite configuration with particle and field measurements. || MMSpursuit_FlyAlong_Oct16slow_RE_MMS.slate_RigRHS.HD1080i.1300_print.jpg (1024x576) [143.1 KB] || MMSpursuit_FlyAlong_Oct16slow_RE_MMS.slate_RigRHS.HD1080i.1300_searchweb.png (320x180) [90.0 KB] || MMSpursuit_FlyAlong_Oct16slow_RE_MMS.slate_RigRHS.HD1080i.1300_thm.png (80x40) [6.3 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || MMSpursuit_FlyAlong_Oct16slow_HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [71.2 MB] || MMSpursuit_FlyAlong_Oct16slow_HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [9.1 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || MMSpursuit_FlyAlong_Oct16slow.UHD3840p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [219.5 MB] || MMSpursuit_FlyAlong_Oct16slow_HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [207 bytes] || ",
"release_date": "2016-05-12T14:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-05T23:02:05.064247-05:00",
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"alt_text": "Fly along with MMS satellite configuration with particle and field measurements.",
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},
{
"id": 4460,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4460/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Data Tour of MMS and Magnetopause Reconnection",
"description": "A slow fly-around of the MMS tetrahedral formation to better view the 3-dimensional structure of the data. || MMSpursuit_DataTour_Oct16slow_RE_MMS.slate_RigRHS.HD1080i.1300_print.jpg (1024x576) [144.5 KB] || MMSpursuit_DataTour_Oct16slow_RE_MMS.slate_RigRHS.HD1080i.1300_searchweb.png (320x180) [84.0 KB] || MMSpursuit_DataTour_Oct16slow_RE_MMS.slate_RigRHS.HD1080i.1300_thm.png (80x40) [5.1 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || MMSpursuit_DataTour_Oct16slow_HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [94.0 MB] || MMSpursuit_DataTour_Oct16slow_HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [9.2 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || MMSpursuit_DataTour_Oct16slow.UHD3840p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [282.4 MB] || MMSpursuit_DataTour_Oct16slow_HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [207 bytes] || ",
"release_date": "2016-05-12T14:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-05T23:03:32.622906-05:00",
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"alt_text": "A slow fly-around of the MMS tetrahedral formation to better view the 3-dimensional structure of the data.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
},
{
"id": 12239,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12239/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "MMS First Results",
"description": "This short video outlines the MMS mission and its first results. Since it launched, MMS has made more than 4,000 trips through the magnetic boundaries around Earth, each time gathering information about the way the magnetic fields and particles move. A surprising result was that at the moment of interconnection between the sun’s magnetic field lines and those of Earth the crescents turned abruptly so that the electrons flowed along the field lines. By watching these electron tracers, MMS made the first observation of the predicted breaking and interconnection of magnetic fields in space. Credit: NASA/GSFCWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || mmsthumb.jpg (1280x720) [139.4 KB] || mmsthumb_print.jpg (1024x576) [161.8 KB] || mmsthumb_searchweb.png (320x180) [104.3 KB] || mmsthumb_web.png (320x180) [104.3 KB] || mmsthumb_thm.png (80x40) [6.8 KB] || 12239_MMS_First_ResultsV2_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [76.9 MB] || 12239_MMS_First_ResultsV2.webm (1920x1080) [18.1 MB] || 12239_MMS_First_ResultsV2_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [77.0 MB] || 12239_MMS_First_ResultsV2.en_US.srt [3.0 KB] || 12239_MMS_First_ResultsV2.en_US.vtt [3.0 KB] || YOUTUBE_HQ_12239_MMS_First_ResultsV2_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [1.1 GB] || 12239_MMS_First_ResultsV2_lowres.mp4 (480x272) [21.6 MB] || 12239_MMS_First_ResultsV2_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [26.3 MB] || PRORES_B-ROLL_12239_MMS_First_ResultsV2_prores.mov (1280x720) [2.2 GB] || 12239_MMS_First_ResultsV2.mov (1920x1080) [4.2 GB] || YOUTUBE_HQ_12239_MMS_First_ResultsV2_youtube_hq.mov.hwshow [100 bytes] || ",
"release_date": "2016-05-12T13:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-06T01:31:18.790641-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 424657,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012200/a012239/movieZoomedInJerry4Crafts2Converted.00005_print.jpg",
"filename": "movieZoomedInJerry4Crafts2Converted.00005_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "This numerical simulation represents the event observed with MMS. It shows magnetic field lines in black with the background color denoting the electric current density directed out of the plane. Red regions have stronger electric currents. The breaking of magnetic fields in these high current regions is magnetic reconnection. In the event observed by MMS, Earth would be to the left and the Sun would be far to the right. The spacecraft crossed through the region where reconnection occurs in the vertical direction. The movie is courtesy of Paul Cassak, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, with input from Tai Phan (Berkeley), Jim Burch (SwRI), and Jerry Goldstein (SwRI). The movie was made using computational resources from the National Energy Research Scientific Computing (NERSC) Center, a Department of Energy user facility.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 1059,
"pixels": 1084416
}
}
],
"sources": [],
"products": [
{
"id": 12280,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12280/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Seeing Earth's Magnetism",
"description": "NASA spacecraft fly through a magnetic explosion in space, and scientists visualize the result. || cf-1024.jpg (1024x576) [236.1 KB] || cf-1280.jpg (1280x720) [322.6 KB] || cf-1024_print.jpg (1024x576) [249.2 KB] || cf-1024_searchweb.png (320x180) [108.4 KB] || cf-1024_web.png (320x180) [108.4 KB] || cf-1024_thm.png (80x40) [22.3 KB] || ",
"release_date": "2016-06-14T11:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:48:32.845537-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 423571,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012200/a012280/cf-1024.jpg",
"filename": "cf-1024.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "NASA spacecraft fly through a magnetic explosion in space, and scientists visualize the result.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
}
],
"newer_versions": [],
"older_versions": [],
"alternate_versions": []
}