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\rOne of the prime suspects is the solar wind, a stream of electrically charged particles continuously blowing outward from the Sun. Unlike Earth, Mars lacks a global magnetic field to deflect the incoming solar wind. Instead, charged particles from the Sun slam into the Mars upper atmosphere, piling up in a bow shock ahead of the planet. The inner boundary of this bow shock reaches the Mars ionosphere, and can accelerate ions to escape velocities. During solar storms, the bow shock pushes even deeper into the atmosphere and is accompanied by increased rates of ion escape.
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Watch an excerpt of the MAVEN Mission Briefing.",
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"release_date": "2020-05-25T00:00:00-04:00",
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"title": "MAVEN – Mars and Solar Wind Simulation",
"description": "This simulation depicts the solar wind interacting with the Mars upper atmosphere, with MAVEN's orbit embedded. || maven_cme44.03600_print.jpg (1024x512) [253.9 KB] || maven_cme44.03600_searchweb.png (320x180) [92.7 KB] || maven_cme44.03600_thm.png (80x40) [5.2 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (2048x1024) [0 Item(s)] || maven_cme44_1024p30.webm (2048x1024) [5.9 MB] || maven_cme44_1024p30.mp4 (2048x1024) [195.1 MB] || maven_cme44_1024p30.mp4.hwshow [58 bytes] || ",
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"alt_text": "This simulation depicts the solar wind interacting with the Mars upper atmosphere, with MAVEN's orbit embedded.",
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"title": "Mars Proton Aurora",
"description": "On Earth, the northern and southern lights occur when the solar wind (electrically charged particles from the Sun) follow our planet's geomagnetic field lines to the poles and collide with the upper atmosphere. Mars lacks a global magnetic field, so instead the solar wind piles up in front of Mars in a bow shock, which blocks charged particles from reaching the bulk of the atmosphere. However, in a process first observed by the MAVEN mission, some solar wind protons can slip past the bow shock by first bonding with electrons from the Mars upper atmosphere to form hydrogen atoms. Because these hydrogen atoms are electrically neutral, they can pass through the bow shock and go on to create an ultraviolet proton aurora on the dayside of Mars.Learn more about MAVEN's observation of a proton aurora at Mars. || ",
"release_date": "2018-07-23T11:00:00-04:00",
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"alt_text": "GRAPHIC - Solar wind protons undergo a series of charge exchanges to slip past the bow shock, causing a proton aurora.",
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"description": "The interaction of the solar wind with the Martian moon Phobos creates a complex electrical environment that could impact future exploration. Complete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Music provided by Killer Tracks: \"Innovations\" by Pascal Lengagne || PhobosChargingPreview.jpg (3840x2160) [1.6 MB] || PhobosChargingPreview_print.jpg (1024x576) [193.8 KB] || PhobosChargingPreview_searchweb.png (320x180) [95.8 KB] || PhobosChargingPreview_thm.png (80x40) [7.2 KB] || TWITTER_720-20252_Phobos_Electric_Charging_APR_twitter_720.mp4 (1280x720) [34.1 MB] || WEBM-20252_Phobos_Electric_Charging_APR.webm (960x540) [59.7 MB] || FACEBOOK_720-20252_Phobos_Electric_Charging_APR_facebook_720.mp4 (1280x720) [196.8 MB] || 20252_Phobos_Electric_Charging_APR_Output.en_US.srt [3.0 KB] || 20252_Phobos_Electric_Charging_APR_Output.en_US.vtt [3.0 KB] || YOUTUBE_4K-20252_Phobos_Electric_Charging_APR_youtube_4k.mp4 (3840x2160) [644.3 MB] || 20252_Phobos_Electric_Charging_APR.mov (3840x2160) [12.8 GB] || ",
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{
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"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Solar Wind Strips the Martian Atmosphere",
"description": "Scientists have long suspected the solar wind of stripping the Martian upper atmosphere into space, turning Mars from a blue world to a red one. Now, NASA's MAVEN orbiter is observing this process in action, providing significant data on solar wind erosion at Mars.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || MarsAtmoLossExplainPreview.jpg (1920x1080) [993.6 KB] || APPLE_TV_4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [53.7 MB] || WEBM_4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_APR.webm (960x540) [44.7 MB] || 4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [53.7 MB] || NASA_TV_4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss.mpeg (1280x720) [369.5 MB] || 4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_APR_Output.en_US.srt [2.3 KB] || 4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_APR_Output.en_US.vtt [2.3 KB] || LARGE_MP4_4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_large.mp4 (3840x2160) [111.3 MB] || YOUTUBE_HQ_4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_youtube_hq.mov (3840x2160) [2.2 GB] || 4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_APR.mov (3840x2160) [5.9 GB] || ",
"release_date": "2015-11-05T14:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-05T22:49:15.588166-05:00",
"main_image": {
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"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004300/a004370/final_ions01.4300_print.jpg",
"filename": "final_ions01.4300_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Movie without music and titles. Available for download in up to 4k resolution.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
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},
{
"id": 11992,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11992/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Mapping Mars' Upper Atmosphere",
"description": "Principal Investigator Bruce Jakosky talks about MAVEN’s science observations at Mars.Watch this video on the NASAexplorer YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here. || Bruce_Jakosky_G2015-007_thumbnail.png (1920x1080) [1.8 MB] || Bruce_Jakosky_G2015-007_thumbnail_print.jpg (1024x576) [100.6 KB] || Bruce_Jakosky_G2015-007_thumbnail_searchweb.png (320x180) [90.5 KB] || Bruce_Jakosky_G2015-007_thumbnail_thm.png (80x40) [7.2 KB] || APPLE_TV_G2015-007_MAVEN_Early_Sci_MASTER_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [123.4 MB] || WEBM_G2015-007_MAVEN_Early_Sci_MASTER.webm (960x540) [101.9 MB] || APPLE_TV_G2015-007_MAVEN_Early_Sci_MASTER_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [123.5 MB] || NASA_TV_G2015-007_MAVEN_Early_Sci_MASTER.mpeg (1280x720) [846.9 MB] || G2015-007_MAVEN_Early_Sci_MASTER_Captions.en_US.srt [4.1 KB] || G2015-007_MAVEN_Early_Sci_MASTER_Captions.en_US.vtt [4.2 KB] || G2015-007_MAVEN_Early_Sci_MASTER_H264.mov (1920x1080) [1.7 GB] || NASA_PODCAST_G2015-007_MAVEN_Early_Sci_MASTER_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [44.1 MB] || PRORES_B-ROLL_G2015-007_MAVEN_Early_Sci_MASTER_prores.mov (1280x720) [3.4 GB] || G2015-007_MAVEN_Early_Sci_MASTER.mov (1920x1080) [6.5 GB] || ",
"release_date": "2015-09-02T11:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:49:24.572202-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 440426,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011900/a011992/Bruce_Jakosky_G2015-007_thumbnail.png",
"filename": "Bruce_Jakosky_G2015-007_thumbnail.png",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Principal Investigator Bruce Jakosky talks about MAVEN’s science observations at Mars.Watch this video on the NASAexplorer YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here.",
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"height": 1080,
"pixels": 2073600
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},
{
"id": 11603,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11603/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Investigating the Martian Atmosphere",
"description": "The Martian surface bears ample evidence of flowing water in its youth, from crater lakes and riverbeds to minerals that only form in water. But today Mars is cold and dry, and scientists think that the loss of Mars' water may have been caused by the loss of its early atmosphere. NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission, or MAVEN, will be the first spacecraft devoted to studying the Red Planet's upper atmosphere, in an effort to understand how the Martian climate has changed over time. || ",
"release_date": "2014-09-17T01:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:34.152757-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 451496,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011600/a011603/MAVEN_Mars_flyover.png",
"filename": "MAVEN_Mars_flyover.png",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "NASA's MAVEN spacecraft is the first mission devoted to studying the Mars upper atmosphere. Its findings will help scientists understand how Mars lost its early atmosphere, transforming it from a wet planet into the dry world we see today.For complete transcript, click here.Watch this video on the NASAexplorer YouTube channel.",
"width": 1920,
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"pixels": 2073600
}
},
{
"id": 20201,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20201/",
"page_type": "Animation",
"title": "Mars Transition",
"description": "Billions of years ago when the Red Planet was young, it appears to have had a thick atmosphere that was warm enough to support oceans of liquid water – a critical ingredient for life. The animation shows how the surface of Mars might have appeared during this ancient clement period, beginning with a flyover of a Martian lake. The artist's concept is based on evidence that Mars was once very different. Rapidly moving clouds suggest the passage of time, and the shift from a warm and wet to a cold and dry climate is shown as the animation progresses. The lakes dry up, while the atmosphere gradually transitions from Earthlike blue skies to the dusty pink and tan hues seen on Mars today. || ",
"release_date": "2013-11-13T06:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-21T14:15:30.148693-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 461072,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020200/a020201/MarsEvolution16.900777_print.jpg",
"filename": "MarsEvolution16.900777_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "16x9 format",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
}
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