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This video is also available on our YouTube channel.
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\rOne of the prime suspects is the solar wind, a stream of electrically charged particles continuously blowing outward from the Sun. Unlike Earth, Mars lacks a global magnetic field to deflect the incoming solar wind. Instead, charged particles from the Sun crash into the Mars upper atmosphere, and can accelerate Martian ions into space. Now, MAVEN has observed this process in action – by measuring the velocity of ions escaping from Mars.

\rThe movies on this page compare simulations of ion escape with MAVEN’s observations of oxygen ion flux. The results closely fit the expected pattern, with the most energetic ions (in red) accelerated in a plume above Mars, while the majority of escaping ions (green) are lost along the “tail” region in the wake of the solar wind. MAVEN’s observations confirm that the solar wind is a significant contributor to atmosphere loss on Mars, and they bring scientists closer to solving the mystery of the ancient Martian climate. Read the full press release about this finding.

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Watch this video on the NASAexplorer YouTube channel.

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Complete transcript available.Universal Production Music: “Executive Deceit” by Samuel Karl Bohn [PRS], Chalk Music [PRS]; “Quasar” by Ross Stephen Gilmartin [PRS], Chappell Recorded Music Library Ltd [PRS]; “Modular Odyssey” and “Synthology” by Laetitia Frenod [SACEM], Koka Media [SACEM]Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || MAVEN-10th-Anniversary-Preview_print.jpg (1024x576) [160.7 KB] || MAVEN-10th-Anniversary-Preview.jpg (1280x720) [622.5 KB] || MAVEN-10th-Anniversary-Preview.png (1280x720) [1.2 MB] || MAVEN-10th-Anniversary-Preview_searchweb.png (320x180) [80.6 KB] || MAVEN-10th-Anniversary-Preview_thm.png (80x40) [6.3 KB] || 14690_MAVEN_10th_Anniversary_720.mp4 (1280x720) [92.2 MB] || 14690_MAVEN_10th_Anniversary_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [516.6 MB] || Maven10thAnniversaryCaptionsV3.en_US.srt [8.9 KB] || Maven10thAnniversaryCaptionsV3.en_US.vtt [8.5 KB] || 14690_MAVEN_10th_Anniversary_4K.mp4 (3840x2160) [6.3 GB] || 14690_MAVEN_10th_Anniversary_ProRes.mov (3840x2160) [36.5 GB] || ", "release_date": "2024-09-23T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-10-17T12:16:30.061270-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 1098727, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014600/a014690/MAVEN-10th-Anniversary-Preview.jpg", "filename": "MAVEN-10th-Anniversary-Preview.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "During its first decade at Mars, MAVEN has helped to explain how the Red Planet evolved from warm and wet into the cold, dry world we see today. Complete transcript available.Universal Production Music: “Executive Deceit” by Samuel Karl Bohn [PRS], Chalk Music [PRS]; “Quasar” by Ross Stephen Gilmartin [PRS], Chappell Recorded Music Library Ltd [PRS]; “Modular Odyssey” and “Synthology” by Laetitia Frenod [SACEM], Koka Media [SACEM]Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } }, { "id": 5200, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5200/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Mars Disappearing Solar Wind: MAVEN Visualizations", "description": "This data visualization depicts a period of decreased solar wind at Mars that occurred on December 25, 2022, causing the planet’s magnetosphere to expand outward. Ion velocity and density data collected by the MAVEN spacecraft is presented using a color-mapped satellite orbit tail and vectors along MAVEN’s orbit. || maven_solar_wind_comp.02715_print.jpg (1024x576) [84.4 KB] || maven_solar_wind_comp.02715_searchweb.png (320x180) [47.3 KB] || maven_solar_wind_comp.02715_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || maven_solar_wind_comp (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || maven_solar_wind_comp_2160p60.mp4 (3840x2160) [187.6 MB] || maven_solar_wind_comp_prores.mov (3840x2160) [10.1 GB] || ", "release_date": "2023-12-11T12:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2024-08-22T05:26:59.974355-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 1088031, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005200/a005200/maven_solar_wind_vertical.02715_print.jpg", "filename": "maven_solar_wind_vertical.02715_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This data visualization depicts a period of decreased solar wind at Mars that occurred on December 25, 2022, causing the planet’s magnetosphere to expand outward. Ion velocity and density data collected by the MAVEN spacecraft is presented using a color-mapped satellite orbit tail and vectors along MAVEN’s orbit. This version does not include a date stamp or legend and is in a vertical orientation. ", "width": 1024, "height": 1820, "pixels": 1863680 } }, { "id": 14477, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14477/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "The Day the Solar Wind Disappeared from Mars", "description": "Learn about the “disappearance” of the solar wind at Mars that was witnessed by MAVEN – an event last seen nearly a quarter-century ago at Earth.Complete transcript available.Universal Production Music: “Space Museum” by Harry Gregson Williams [BMI], Atmosphere Music Ltd. [PRS]; “Currents and Crime Scenes” by Dylan Matthew Love and Harry Gregson Williams [BMI], Atmosphere Music Ltd. [PRS]Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_V4_print.jpg (1024x576) [142.7 KB] || MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_V4.jpg (1280x720) [459.3 KB] || MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_V4.png (1280x720) [800.2 KB] || MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_V4_searchweb.png (320x180) [69.9 KB] || MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_V4_thm.png (80x40) [6.5 KB] || 14477_MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_720.mp4 (1280x720) [43.4 MB] || 14477_MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [243.1 MB] || MavenSolarWindCaptionsV2.en_US.srt [3.8 KB] || MavenSolarWindCaptionsV2.en_US.vtt [3.6 KB] || 14477_MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_4K.mp4 (3840x2160) [3.0 GB] || 14477_MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_ProRes.mov (3840x2160) [20.7 GB] || ", "release_date": "2023-12-11T12:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2024-05-29T18:56:10.208307-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 1087972, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014400/a014477/MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_V4.jpg", "filename": "MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_V4.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Learn about the “disappearance” of the solar wind at Mars that was witnessed by MAVEN – an event last seen nearly a quarter-century ago at Earth.Complete transcript available.Universal Production Music: “Space Museum” by Harry Gregson Williams [BMI], Atmosphere Music Ltd. [PRS]; “Currents and Crime Scenes” by Dylan Matthew Love and Harry Gregson Williams [BMI], Atmosphere Music Ltd. [PRS]Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } }, { "id": 14204, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14204/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Mars Patchy Proton Aurora", "description": "NASA’s MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution) mission and the United Arab Emirates’ Emirates Mars Mission (EMM) have released joint observations of dynamic proton aurora events at Mars. Remote auroral observations by EMM paired with in-situ plasma observations made by MAVEN open new avenues for understanding the Martian atmosphere. This collaboration was made possible by recent data-sharing between the two missions and highlights the value of multi-point observations in space.Learn more about this discovery by MAVEN and EMM. || ", "release_date": "2022-08-31T09:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T11:44:01.233974-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 369527, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014200/a014204/patchy_aurora7-no_logo.png", "filename": "patchy_aurora7-no_logo.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Comparison of normal and patchy proton aurora formation mechanisms at Mars.\r \rTop image shows the normal proton aurora formation mechanism first discovered in 2018. White lines show that solar wind protons traveling away from the Sun are normally swept around the planet by the Mars magnetosphere, and don't directly interact with the atmosphere. When proton aurora occur, a small fraction of the solar wind collides with Mars hydrogen in the extended corona of the planet (shown in blue), and charge exchanges into neutral H atoms. These newly created H atoms are still travelling at the same speed, and are no longer sensitive to the magnetospheric forces that redirect protons around the planet. Instead, the energetic H atoms slam directly into the upper atmosphere of Mars and collide multiple times with the neutral atmosphere, resulting in auroral emission by the incident H atoms (purple). Because the solar wind and Mars corona are uniform across the planet, the aurora occurs everywhere on the planet's day side with a uniform brightness.\r \rBottom image shows the newly discovered formation mechanism for patchy proton aurora. Green lines in the top image show that under normal conditions the solar wind magnetic field drapes nicely around the planet. By contrast, patchy proton aurora form during unusual circumstances when the solar wind magnetic field is aligned with the proton flow. Under such conditions the typical draped magnetic field configuration is replaced by a highly variable patchwork of plasma structures, and the solar wind is able to directly impact the planet's upper atmosphere in specific locations that depend on the structure of the turbulence. When incoming solar wind protons collide with the neutral atmosphere, they can be neutralized and emit aurora in localized patches. During such times patchy proton aurora forms a map of the locations where solar wind plasma is directly impacting the planet.\r \rImage Credit: Emirates Mars Mission/UAE Space Agency", "width": 1080, "height": 1350, "pixels": 1458000 } }, { "id": 13803, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13803/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Destination Mars! On February 18 NASA’s Newest and Most Ambitious Rover Lands on the Red Planet", "description": "Click here for Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover press kit.Quick link to cut B-ROLL for the LIVE SHOTSQuick link to canned interview with KEITH COMEAUXQuick link to PROMO for Spanish language show || MARS_landing_copy_print.jpg (1024x524) [309.4 KB] || MARS_landing_copy.jpg (2099x1075) [773.4 KB] || MARS_landing_copy_searchweb.png (320x180) [82.3 KB] || MARS_landing_copy_thm.png (80x40) [23.8 KB] || ", "release_date": "2021-02-08T06:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:44:22.000526-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 379939, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013800/a013803/MARS_landing_copy_print.jpg", "filename": "MARS_landing_copy_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Click here for Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover press kit.Quick link to cut B-ROLL for the LIVE SHOTSQuick link to canned interview with KEITH COMEAUXQuick link to PROMO for Spanish language show", "width": 1024, "height": 524, "pixels": 536576 } }, { "id": 4824, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4824/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "MAVEN Observes Solar Particle Velocities and the Induced Magnetic Field", "description": "MAVEN orbits Mars and measures solar particle velocities and variations in the solar wind’s magnetic field. || maven_vels_magField.03000_print.jpg (1024x576) [92.5 KB] || maven_vels_magField.03000_searchweb.png (320x180) [63.5 KB] || maven_vels_magField.03000_thm.png (80x40) [4.2 KB] || maven_vels_magField_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [83.1 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || maven_vels_magField_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [19.0 MB] || 4824_MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Data_1080_30p.mov (1920x1080) [2.6 GB] || maven_vels_magField_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [193 bytes] || ", "release_date": "2020-05-25T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-01-06T00:18:08.836123-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 384908, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004800/a004824/maven_vels_magField.03000_print.jpg", "filename": "maven_vels_magField.03000_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "MAVEN orbits Mars and measures solar particle velocities and variations in the solar wind’s magnetic field.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 4825, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4825/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "MAVEN – Mars and Solar Wind Simulation", "description": "This simulation depicts the solar wind interacting with the Mars upper atmosphere, with MAVEN's orbit embedded. || maven_cme44.03600_print.jpg (1024x512) [253.9 KB] || maven_cme44.03600_searchweb.png (320x180) [92.7 KB] || maven_cme44.03600_thm.png (80x40) [5.2 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (2048x1024) [0 Item(s)] || maven_cme44_1024p30.webm (2048x1024) [5.9 MB] || maven_cme44_1024p30.mp4 (2048x1024) [195.1 MB] || maven_cme44_1024p30.mp4.hwshow [58 bytes] || ", "release_date": "2020-05-25T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-03-16T22:46:51.857817-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 384913, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004800/a004825/maven_cme44.03600_print.jpg", "filename": "maven_cme44.03600_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This simulation depicts the solar wind interacting with the Mars upper atmosphere, with MAVEN's orbit embedded.", "width": 1024, "height": 512, "pixels": 524288 } }, { "id": 20282, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20282/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "Terraforming the Martian Atmosphere", "description": "One of the challenges of terraforming Mars is to increase its atmospheric pressure, which is currently less than 1% that of Earth. The Martian polar caps, minerals, and soil could all provide sources of carbon dioxide and water to thicken the atmosphere. Unfortunately, a new study by the MAVEN science team finds that processing all sources available on Mars would only increase the pressure to about 7% that of Earth, far short of what is needed.Learn more about this finding. || ", "release_date": "2018-07-30T11:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-11-09T12:29:13.243873-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 401715, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020200/a020282/MAVEN_Infographic_Print_FINAL.png", "filename": "MAVEN_Infographic_Print_FINAL.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Text and Textless Print Versions of Infographic", "width": 1500, "height": 900, "pixels": 1350000 } }, { "id": 12986, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12986/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Mars Proton Aurora", "description": "On Earth, the northern and southern lights occur when the solar wind (electrically charged particles from the Sun) follow our planet's geomagnetic field lines to the poles and collide with the upper atmosphere. Mars lacks a global magnetic field, so instead the solar wind piles up in front of Mars in a bow shock, which blocks charged particles from reaching the bulk of the atmosphere. However, in a process first observed by the MAVEN mission, some solar wind protons can slip past the bow shock by first bonding with electrons from the Mars upper atmosphere to form hydrogen atoms. Because these hydrogen atoms are electrically neutral, they can pass through the bow shock and go on to create an ultraviolet proton aurora on the dayside of Mars.Learn more about MAVEN's observation of a proton aurora at Mars. || ", "release_date": "2018-07-23T11:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-11-09T12:29:16.589026-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 402584, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012900/a012986/Mars_Proton_Aurora.jpg", "filename": "Mars_Proton_Aurora.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "GRAPHIC - Solar wind protons undergo a series of charge exchanges to slip past the bow shock, causing a proton aurora.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 20252, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20252/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "Phobos Electric Charging", "description": "The interaction of the solar wind with the Martian moon Phobos creates a complex electrical environment that could impact future exploration. Complete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Music provided by Killer Tracks: \"Innovations\" by Pascal Lengagne || PhobosChargingPreview.jpg (3840x2160) [1.6 MB] || PhobosChargingPreview_print.jpg (1024x576) [193.8 KB] || PhobosChargingPreview_searchweb.png (320x180) [95.8 KB] || PhobosChargingPreview_thm.png (80x40) [7.2 KB] || TWITTER_720-20252_Phobos_Electric_Charging_APR_twitter_720.mp4 (1280x720) [34.1 MB] || WEBM-20252_Phobos_Electric_Charging_APR.webm (960x540) [59.7 MB] || FACEBOOK_720-20252_Phobos_Electric_Charging_APR_facebook_720.mp4 (1280x720) [196.8 MB] || 20252_Phobos_Electric_Charging_APR_Output.en_US.srt [3.0 KB] || 20252_Phobos_Electric_Charging_APR_Output.en_US.vtt [3.0 KB] || YOUTUBE_4K-20252_Phobos_Electric_Charging_APR_youtube_4k.mp4 (3840x2160) [644.3 MB] || 20252_Phobos_Electric_Charging_APR.mov (3840x2160) [12.8 GB] || ", "release_date": "2017-10-18T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:47:17.196846-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 410132, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020200/a020252/PhobosChargingPreview_print.jpg", "filename": "PhobosChargingPreview_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The interaction of the solar wind with the Martian moon Phobos creates a complex electrical environment that could impact future exploration. Complete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Music provided by Killer Tracks: \"Innovations\" by Pascal Lengagne", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 12392, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12392/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Ultraviolet Mars Reveals Cloud Formation", "description": "Ultraviolet images from NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution mission, MAVEN, were used to make this movie of rapid cloud formation on Mars. Watch this video on the NASA.gov Video YouTube channel. || MarsCloudsUltravioletPreview.jpg (800x800) [87.2 KB] || MarsCloudsUltravioletPreview_searchweb.png (320x180) [83.3 KB] || MarsCloudsUltravioletPreview_thm.png (80x40) [6.8 KB] || IUVS3CloudMovie.mov (800x800) [8.4 MB] || IUVS3CloudMovie_large.mp4 (800x800) [11.1 MB] || IUVS3CloudMovie.webm (960x540) [4.3 MB] || ", "release_date": "2016-10-17T03:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-11-09T12:29:20.107007-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 419265, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012300/a012392/MarsCloudsUltravioletPreview.jpg", "filename": "MarsCloudsUltravioletPreview.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Ultraviolet images from NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution mission, MAVEN, were used to make this movie of rapid cloud formation on Mars. Watch this video on the NASA.gov Video YouTube channel.", "width": 800, "height": 800, "pixels": 640000 } }, { "id": 12266, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12266/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Mars Evolution from Wet to Dry for Planetariums", "description": "Mars transitions from a wet planet early in its history to the dry world that we see today. This animation has been formatted for planetarium full-dome presentations, rendered for unidirectional domes in a variety of resolutions, up to 4K. || Wet_to_Dry_Mars_Edited.jpg (2048x2048) [1.6 MB] || Wet_to_Dry_Mars_1K.mp4 (1024x1024) [76.5 MB] || 2048x2048_1x1_30p (2048x2048) [0 Item(s)] || 12266_Wet_To_Dry_Mars_Planetarium.webm (720x720) [2.9 MB] || Wet_to_Dry_Mars_2K.mp4 (2048x2048) [190.7 MB] || 4096x4096_1x1_30p (4096x4096) [0 Item(s)] || 12266_Wet_To_Dry_Mars_Planetarium.mov (4096x4096) [4.8 GB] || ", "release_date": "2016-05-24T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:48:35.691463-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 424078, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012200/a012266/Mars_Wet_LPI_16x9.jpg", "filename": "Mars_Wet_LPI_16x9.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Artist concept image of an early wet Mars.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 12046, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12046/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Stripping the Martian Atmosphere", "description": "A NASA mission reveals how gases in Mars' upper atmosphere are stripped away by the sun's solar wind. || c-1920.jpg (1920x1080) [991.0 KB] || c-1280.jpg (1280x720) [567.7 KB] || c-1024.jpg (1024x576) [389.5 KB] || c-1024_print.jpg (1024x576) [397.5 KB] || c-1024_searchweb.png (320x180) [121.3 KB] || c-1024_web.png (320x180) [121.3 KB] || c-1024_thm.png (80x40) [7.2 KB] || ", "release_date": "2015-11-10T11:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-06-23T00:17:14.003376-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 437831, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012046/c-1024_print.jpg", "filename": "c-1024_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "A NASA mission reveals how gases in Mars' upper atmosphere are stripped away by the sun's solar wind.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 4393, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4393/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Solar Wind and Mars Bow Shock", "description": "Simulation of the solar wind at Mars compared with MAVEN observations, showing the predicted bow shock. Available for download in up to 4k resolution. || final_shock01.2500_print.jpg (1024x576) [205.3 KB] || final_shock01.2500_searchweb.png (320x180) [100.4 KB] || final_shock01.2500_thm.png (80x40) [6.6 KB] || final_shock01_1920x1080_60fps.mp4 (1920x1080) [66.6 MB] || APPLE_TV_4393_Mars_Solar_Wind_Bow_Shock_1920x1080_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [19.0 MB] || WEBM_4393_Mars_Solar_Wind_Bow_Shock_1920x1080.webm (960x540) [15.1 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_60p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || NASA_TV_4393_Mars_Solar_Wind_Bow_Shock_1920x1080.mpeg (1280x720) [128.4 MB] || PRORES_B-ROLL_4393_Mars_Solar_Wind_Bow_Shock_1920x1080_prores.mov (1280x720) [537.1 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_60p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || 4393_Mars_Solar_Wind_Bow_Shock_1920x1080.mov (1920x1080) [1.0 GB] || final_shock01_4k_60fps.mp4 (3840x2160) [214.3 MB] || ", "release_date": "2015-11-05T14:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-01-05T22:50:59.256427-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 439188, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004300/a004393/final_shock01.2500_print.jpg", "filename": "final_shock01.2500_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Simulation of the solar wind at Mars compared with MAVEN observations, showing the predicted bow shock. Available for download in up to 4k resolution.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 11992, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11992/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Mapping Mars' Upper Atmosphere", "description": "Principal Investigator Bruce Jakosky talks about MAVEN’s science observations at Mars.Watch this video on the NASAexplorer YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here. || Bruce_Jakosky_G2015-007_thumbnail.png (1920x1080) [1.8 MB] || Bruce_Jakosky_G2015-007_thumbnail_print.jpg (1024x576) [100.6 KB] || Bruce_Jakosky_G2015-007_thumbnail_searchweb.png (320x180) [90.5 KB] || Bruce_Jakosky_G2015-007_thumbnail_thm.png (80x40) [7.2 KB] || APPLE_TV_G2015-007_MAVEN_Early_Sci_MASTER_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [123.4 MB] || WEBM_G2015-007_MAVEN_Early_Sci_MASTER.webm (960x540) [101.9 MB] || APPLE_TV_G2015-007_MAVEN_Early_Sci_MASTER_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [123.5 MB] || NASA_TV_G2015-007_MAVEN_Early_Sci_MASTER.mpeg (1280x720) [846.9 MB] || G2015-007_MAVEN_Early_Sci_MASTER_Captions.en_US.srt [4.1 KB] || G2015-007_MAVEN_Early_Sci_MASTER_Captions.en_US.vtt [4.2 KB] || G2015-007_MAVEN_Early_Sci_MASTER_H264.mov (1920x1080) [1.7 GB] || NASA_PODCAST_G2015-007_MAVEN_Early_Sci_MASTER_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [44.1 MB] || PRORES_B-ROLL_G2015-007_MAVEN_Early_Sci_MASTER_prores.mov (1280x720) [3.4 GB] || G2015-007_MAVEN_Early_Sci_MASTER.mov (1920x1080) [6.5 GB] || ", "release_date": "2015-09-02T11:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:49:24.572202-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 440426, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011900/a011992/Bruce_Jakosky_G2015-007_thumbnail.png", "filename": "Bruce_Jakosky_G2015-007_thumbnail.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Principal Investigator Bruce Jakosky talks about MAVEN’s science observations at Mars.Watch this video on the NASAexplorer YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 11603, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11603/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Investigating the Martian Atmosphere", "description": "The Martian surface bears ample evidence of flowing water in its youth, from crater lakes and riverbeds to minerals that only form in water. But today Mars is cold and dry, and scientists think that the loss of Mars' water may have been caused by the loss of its early atmosphere. NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission, or MAVEN, will be the first spacecraft devoted to studying the Red Planet's upper atmosphere, in an effort to understand how the Martian climate has changed over time. || ", "release_date": "2014-09-17T01:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:34.152757-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 451496, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011600/a011603/MAVEN_Mars_flyover.png", "filename": "MAVEN_Mars_flyover.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "NASA's MAVEN spacecraft is the first mission devoted to studying the Mars upper atmosphere. Its findings will help scientists understand how Mars lost its early atmosphere, transforming it from a wet planet into the dry world we see today.For complete transcript, click here.Watch this video on the NASAexplorer YouTube channel.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 20201, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20201/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "Mars Transition", "description": "Billions of years ago when the Red Planet was young, it appears to have had a thick atmosphere that was warm enough to support oceans of liquid water – a critical ingredient for life. The animation shows how the surface of Mars might have appeared during this ancient clement period, beginning with a flyover of a Martian lake. The artist's concept is based on evidence that Mars was once very different. Rapidly moving clouds suggest the passage of time, and the shift from a warm and wet to a cold and dry climate is shown as the animation progresses. The lakes dry up, while the atmosphere gradually transitions from Earthlike blue skies to the dusty pink and tan hues seen on Mars today. || ", "release_date": "2013-11-13T06:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-01-21T14:15:30.148693-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 461072, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020200/a020201/MarsEvolution16.900777_print.jpg", "filename": "MarsEvolution16.900777_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "16x9 format", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } ], "sources": [ { "id": 4414, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4414/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "The Mars Fleet", "description": "A fleet of landers, rovers, and orbiters is exploring the Red Planet, providing mission controllers with a remote presence on Mars. This visualization is available for download in 4K Ultra HD. || MarsFleetClosePreview.jpg (1920x1080) [168.3 KB] || MarsFleetClosePreview_searchweb.png (320x180) [55.1 KB] || MarsFleetClosePreview_thm.png (80x40) [5.4 KB] || Mars_Fleet_SVS_4414.00015_searchweb.png (320x180) [66.1 KB] || mars_fleet_Mar2016_4k_2160p30.00015_searchweb.png (320x180) [61.1 KB] || mars_fleet_Mar2016_HD_1080p60.mp4 (1920x1080) [14.9 MB] || version1 (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || mars_fleet_Jan2016_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [4.3 MB] || mars_fleet_Mar2016_4k_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [48.6 MB] || mars_fleet_Mar2016_640x360.m4v (640x360) [6.7 MB] || version1 (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || Mars_Fleet_SVS_4414.mov (1920x1080) [1.2 GB] || Mars_Fleet_SVS_4414_4k.mov (3840x2160) [4.6 GB] || mars-fleet-and-landings.hwshow || mars_solar_wind_compiled.hwshow || ", "release_date": "2016-03-21T12:30:00-04:00", "update_date": "2018-10-31T16:08:11-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 425828, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004400/a004414/MarsFleetClosePreview.jpg", "filename": "MarsFleetClosePreview.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "A fleet of landers, rovers, and orbiters is exploring the Red Planet, providing mission controllers with a remote presence on Mars. This visualization is available for download in 4K Ultra HD.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } ], "products": [ { "id": 13625, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13625/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "First Map of Mars Electric Currents", "description": "MAVEN data have enabled the first map of the electric current systems (blue and red arrows) that shape the induced magnetic field surrounding Mars.Credit: NASA/Goddard/MAVEN/CU Boulder/SVSUniversal Production Music: “A Lucid Dream” and “Shimmer Oscillations” by James Joshua OttoWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available. || MarsElectricCurrentsPreview6_print.jpg (1024x576) [305.8 KB] || MarsElectricCurrentsPreview6.jpg (1920x1080) [853.6 KB] || MarsElectricCurrentsPreview6_searchweb.png (320x180) [50.6 KB] || MarsElectricCurrentsPreview6_thm.png (80x40) [5.3 KB] || 13625_Mars_Electric_Currents_Twitter.mp4 (1280x720) [63.8 MB] || 13625_Mars_Electric_Currents_Facebook.mp4 (1920x1080) [359.1 MB] || 13625_Mars_Electric_Currents_YouTube.webm (3840x2160) [91.7 MB] || 13625_Mars_Electric_Currents_Captions.en_US.srt [7.2 KB] || 13625_Mars_Electric_Currents_Captions.en_US.vtt [6.8 KB] || 13625_Mars_Electric_Currents_YouTube.mp4 (3840x2160) [2.8 GB] || 13625_Mars_Electric_Currents_MASTER.mov (3840x2160) [14.2 GB] || 13625_Mars_Electric_Currents_Facebook.mp4.hwshow [134 bytes] || ", "release_date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-03-16T23:22:36.981129-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 384966, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013600/a013625/MarsElectricCurrentsPreview6.jpg", "filename": "MarsElectricCurrentsPreview6.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "MAVEN data have enabled the first map of the electric current systems (blue and red arrows) that shape the induced magnetic field surrounding Mars.\r\rCredit: NASA/Goddard/MAVEN/CU Boulder/SVSUniversal Production Music: “A Lucid Dream” and “Shimmer Oscillations” by James Joshua OttoWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 4742, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4742/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "SVS Demo Reel", "description": "This is the SVS Demo Reel presented at SIGGRAPH 2019 in Los Angeles, CA. || svs_siggraphreel2019_print.jpg (1920x1080) [319.8 KB] || svs_siggraphreel2019_print_searchweb.png (320x180) [36.2 KB] || svs_siggraphreel2019_print_thm.png (80x40) [3.3 KB] || svs_siggraphreel2019.mp4 (1920x1080) [298.4 MB] || svs_siggraphreel2019.webm (1920x1080) [18.6 MB] || svs_siggraphreel2019.en_US.srt [38 bytes] || svs_siggraphreel2019.en_US.vtt [51 bytes] || ", "release_date": "2019-07-25T15:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:45:46.534851-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 394300, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004700/a004742/svs_siggraphreel2019_print.jpg", "filename": "svs_siggraphreel2019_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This is the SVS Demo Reel presented at SIGGRAPH 2019 in Los Angeles, CA.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 12397, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12397/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Mars' Magnetic Tail", "description": "Mars' magnetic tail is shaped and twisted by the solar wind. || Mars_vs_Solar_Storm_1024x576.jpg (1024x576) [131.3 KB] || Mars_vs_Solar_Storm_print.jpg (1024x576) [145.9 KB] || Mars_vs_Solar_Storm.png (3840x2160) [9.8 MB] || Mars_vs_Solar_Storm_searchweb.png (320x180) [96.6 KB] || Mars_vs_Solar_Storm_thm.png (80x40) [6.4 KB] || ", "release_date": "2019-02-04T12:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-01-05T00:17:54.334382-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 397567, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012300/a012397/Mars_vs_Solar_Storm_1024x576.jpg", "filename": "Mars_vs_Solar_Storm_1024x576.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Mars' magnetic tail is shaped and twisted by the solar wind.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 12804, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12804/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "SEEC AAS Hyperwall Presentation January 2018", "description": "This animation illustrates the Kepler-186 system, whose fifth world is the first Earth-sized exoplanet to be found orbiting within its star’s habitable zone. The animation closes with a simulated image from a coronagraph showing how such a planet might appear when directly imaged.Credit: NASA/Ames/SETI Institute/JPL-Caltech || Kepler186_Coronagraph_Combined_LongPause.01270_print.jpg (1024x576) [35.2 KB] || Kepler186_Coronagraph_Combined_LongPause.webm (1920x1080) [14.0 MB] || Kepler186_Coronagraph_Combined_LongPause.mov (1920x1080) [180.7 MB] || ", "release_date": "2018-03-15T07:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-10-10T00:17:19.319596-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 408328, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012800/a012804/Solar_System_Spectra_Update_searchweb.png", "filename": "Solar_System_Spectra_Update_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Illustration showing the spectra of several planets in our solar system, whose individual characteristics shape the light we detect.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } } ], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }