{ "id": 4273, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4273/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "CALIPSO observes Saharan dust crossing the Atlantic Ocean", "description": "Subtitled visualization depicting Saharan dust travelling across the Atlantic Ocean to the Amazon Basin. MODIS imagery shows a 2D representation of the dust cloud, which is then compared to CALIPSO data curtains showing dust throughout the air column. Seasonal dust flux measurements are visualized using particles systems. 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", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 338488, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4273/#media_group_338488", "widget": "Basic text with HTML", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "For the first time, a NASA satellite has quantified in three dimensions how much dust makes the trans-Atlantic journey from the Sahara Desert the Amazon rainforest. Among this dust is phosphorus, an essential nutrient that acts like a fertilizer, which the Amazon depends on in order to flourish.

The new dust transport estimates were derived from data collected by a lidar instrument on NASA's Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation, or CALIPSO, satellite from 2007 though 2013.

The data show that wind and weather pick up on average 182 million tons of dust each year and carry it past the western edge of the Sahara at longitude 15W. This volume is the equivalent of 689,290 semi trucks filled with dust. The dust then travels 1,600 miles across the Atlantic Ocean, though some drops to the surface or is flushed from the sky by rain. Near the eastern coast of South America, at longitude 35W, 132 million tons remain in the air, and 27.7 million tons – enough to fill 104,908 semi trucks – fall to the surface over the Amazon basin. About 43 million tons of dust travel farther to settle out over the Caribbean Sea, past longitude 75W.

Dust collected from the Bodélé Depression and from ground stations on Barbados and in Miami give scientists an estimate of the proportion of phosphorus in Saharan dust. This estimate is used to calculate how much phosphorus gets deposited in the Amazon basin from this dust transport, an estimated 22,000 tons per year.

The finding is part of a bigger research effort to understand the role of dust and aerosols in the environment and on local and global climate.", "items": [], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 338490, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4273/#media_group_338490", "widget": "Video player", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "(NO subtitles) Visualization depicting Saharan dust travelling across the Atlantic Ocean to the Amazon Basin. MODIS imagery shows a 2D representation of the dust cloud, which is then compared to CALIPSO data curtains showing dust throughout the air column. Seasonal dust flux measurements are visualized using particles systems. Finally, average annual dust deposition into the Amazon Basin is shown by Amazon boundary import/export measurements.
This video is also available on our YouTube channel.
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For complete transcript, click here.", "items": [ { "id": 283584, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 445890, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004200/a004273/4273_African_Dust_Still.png", "filename": "4273_African_Dust_Still.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "SIGGRAPH VersionFor complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 283591, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 445895, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004200/a004273/4273_African_Dust_Still_print.jpg", "filename": "4273_African_Dust_Still_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "SIGGRAPH VersionFor complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 283594, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 445898, "url": 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We hope that your understanding and use of NASA's visualizations will only increase as your appreciation grows for the beauty of the science they portray, and the communicative power they hold. Read all the blogs and find educational resources for all ages at: the Earth Science Week 2015 page.Each year, millions of tons of dust from the Sahara Desert in Africa is swept up into the atmosphere. The dust travels across the Atlantic Ocean, with some of it reaching as far as the Amazon Rainforest. African dust contains phosphorus, which is an important nutrient for plants, so each year the Amazon Rainforest is fertilized by dust blown all the way from Africa! We created this data visualization to tell the incredible story of this great migration.To create this visualization, I used data from NASA’s CALIPSO satellite, which measures aerosols in the atmosphere. Using Autodesk Maya and Pixar’s Renderman software (the same software Pixar uses to make movies), I created a virtual Earth with vertical walls for each time the CALIPSO satellite passed over the dust cloud. Each wall has a picture (we call them \"textures\") that represents the data collected by the satellite at that location. Each wall slices through the dust cloud, and shows us a cross-sectional view of dust distribution in the atmosphere. Although dust clouds can be seen in satellite imagery as hazy brown sections, it’s hard to determine their altitude. Knowing the height at which dust travels will help scientists determine where the dust will go, how it moves at different altitudes and how it will interact with the Earth’s climate. CALIPSO allows scientists to clearly see the shape of a dust cloud in three dimensions.The second section of the visualization describes dust flux, or how much dust flows through a specific region over a period of time. To visualize flux, I used a particle system in Autodesk Maya that creates particles at a rate and velocity relative to the flux value for a region at each time step. As the flux value increases, additional particles are created and they move faster. As flux goes down, fewer particles are created and they move slower. The result is a particle cloud that changes shape with the seasons as flux values go up and down. || ", "release_date": "2015-09-28T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-10-09T18:20:55.654597-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 439295, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004300/a004362/SaharanDust_720p_60fps_searchweb.png", "filename": "SaharanDust_720p_60fps_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The dust migration is shown visualizing dust distribution on vertical walls that slice through the atmosphere. For more information, click here.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } }, { "id": 11751, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11751/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Dust Crossing", "description": "What connects Earth's largest, hottest desert to its largest tropical rain forest? || c-1920.jpg (1920x1080) [364.1 KB] || c-1280.jpg (1280x720) [202.1 KB] || c-1024.jpg (1024x576) [136.8 KB] || c-1024_print.jpg (1024x576) [131.4 KB] || c-1024_searchweb.png (320x180) [75.1 KB] || c-1024_print_thm.png (80x40) [13.5 KB] || ", "release_date": "2015-02-26T11:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:49:56.623451-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 445771, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011700/a011751/c-1024_print.jpg", "filename": "c-1024_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "What connects Earth's largest, hottest desert to its largest tropical rain forest?", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 11785, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11785/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA On Air: NASA Satellite Reveals How Much Dust Feeds Amazon’s Plants (2/24/2015)", "description": "LEAD: NASA scientists have made the first multi-year satellite-based estimate of how much Saharan dust in Africa floats all the way to South America’s Amazon rainforest.1. An estimated 28 million tons of African dust falls on the Amazon rainforest – more than 100,000 semi-truck loads.2. A small but very important ingredient in the dust is the phosphorus from an ancient dusty lake bed in Chad.3. The African phosphorus plays a critical role as a natural fertilizer for the Amazon rainforest growth.TAG: This dust transport is the largest on the planet. Satellite studies will also help determine its relationship to climate changes. || WC_Dust-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_print.jpg (1024x576) [105.3 KB] || WC_Dust-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_searchweb.png (320x180) [75.0 KB] || WC_Dust-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_web.png (320x180) [75.0 KB] || WC_Dust-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_thm.png (80x40) [5.5 KB] || WC_Dust-1920-MASTER_WEA_CEN.wmv (1280x720) [16.3 MB] || DUST_WC3.avi (1280x720) [16.9 MB] || WC_Dust-1920-MASTER_baron.mp4 (1920x1080) [20.9 MB] || WC_Dust-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180.webm (1920x1080) [2.9 MB] || WC_Dust-1920-MASTER_iPad_960x540.m4v (960x540) [111.7 MB] || WC_Dust-1920-MASTER_iPad_1280x720.m4v (1280x720) [173.6 MB] || WC_Dust-1920-MASTER_NBC_Today.mov (1920x1080) [405.3 MB] || WC_Dust-1920-MASTER_prores.mov (1920x1080) [434.1 MB] || WC_Dust-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180.m4v (1920x1080) [405.3 MB] || WC_Dust-1920-MASTER_1920x1080.mov (1920x1080) [669.5 MB] || WC_Dust-1920-MASTER_1280x720.mov (1280x720) [769.1 MB] || ", "release_date": "2015-02-24T13:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:49:57.312763-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 445958, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011700/a011785/WC_Dust-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_print.jpg", "filename": "WC_Dust-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "LEAD: NASA scientists have made the first multi-year satellite-based estimate of how much Saharan dust in Africa floats all the way to South America’s Amazon rainforest.1. An estimated 28 million tons of African dust falls on the Amazon rainforest – more than 100,000 semi-truck loads.2. A small but very important ingredient in the dust is the phosphorus from an ancient dusty lake bed in Chad.3. The African phosphorus plays a critical role as a natural fertilizer for the Amazon rainforest growth.TAG: This dust transport is the largest on the planet. Satellite studies will also help determine its relationship to climate changes.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 11786, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11786/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Instagram: NASA Tracks Saharan Dust To Amazon In 3-D", "description": "For the first time, a NASA satellite has quantified in three dimensions how much dust makes the trans-Atlantic journey from the Sahara Desert to the Amazon rainforest. Among this dust is phosphorus, an essential nutrient that acts like a fertilizer, which the Amazon depends on in order to flourish.The new dust transport estimates were derived from data collected by a lidar instrument on NASA's Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation, or CALIPSO, satellite from 2007 though 2013.An average of 27.7 million tons of dust per year – enough to fill 104,980 semi trucks – fall to the surface over the Amazon basin. The phosphorus portion, an estimated 22,000 tons per year, is about the same amount as that lost from rain and flooding. The finding is part of a bigger research effort to understand the role of dust and aerosols in the environment and on local and global climate. || ", "release_date": "2015-02-24T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2015-12-01T14:38:21.140882-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 434073, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011700/a011786/Dust_INSTA2_print.jpg", "filename": "Dust_INSTA2_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1024, "height": 1024, "pixels": 1048576 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [ { "id": 13656, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13656/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Satellites See Saharan Dust from Space", "description": "Music: \"Investigation - Ticking Suspense\" from Universal Production MusicComplete transcript available. || Screen_Shot_2020-07-06_at_10.52.27_AM.png (1779x1001) [3.3 MB] || Screen_Shot_2020-07-06_at_10.52.27_AM_print.jpg (1024x576) [236.1 KB] || Screen_Shot_2020-07-06_at_10.52.27_AM_searchweb.png (320x180) [145.6 KB] || Screen_Shot_2020-07-06_at_10.52.27_AM_thm.png (80x40) [15.0 KB] || Satellites_See_Saharan_Dust_from_Space.mp4 (1920x1080) [118.7 MB] || Satellites_See_Saharan_Dust_from_Space.webm (1920x1080) [9.1 MB] || SaharanDust.en_US.srt [1.0 KB] || SaharanDust.en_US.vtt [1.1 KB] || ", "release_date": "2020-07-06T11:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:44:51.870566-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 384128, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013600/a013656/Screen_Shot_2020-07-06_at_10.52.27_AM.png", "filename": "Screen_Shot_2020-07-06_at_10.52.27_AM.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Music: \"Investigation - Ticking Suspense\" from Universal Production MusicComplete transcript available.", "width": 1779, "height": 1001, "pixels": 1780779 } }, { "id": 11775, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11775/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Satellite Tracks Saharan Dust To Amazon In 3-D", "description": "For the first time, a NASA satellite has quantified in three dimensions how much dust makes the trans-Atlantic journey from the Sahara Desert to the Amazon rainforest. Among this dust is phosphorus, an essential nutrient that acts like a fertilizer, which the Amazon depends on in order to flourish.The new dust transport estimates were derived from data collected by a lidar instrument on NASA's Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation, or CALIPSO, satellite from 2007 though 2013.An average of 27.7 million tons of dust per year – enough to fill 104,908 semi trucks – fall to the surface over the Amazon basin. The phosphorus portion, an estimated 22,000 tons per year, is about the same amount as that lost from rain and flooding. The finding is part of a bigger research effort to understand the role of dust and aerosols in the environment and on local and global climate.Research: The fertilizing role of African dust in the Amazon rainforest: A first multiyear assessment based on data from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite ObservationsJournal: Geophysical Research LettersLink to paper: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015GL063040/fullHere is the YouTube video. || ", "release_date": "2015-02-24T10:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2024-10-10T00:16:18.735026-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 446468, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011700/a011775/G2015-021-Saharan_Dust_Travels_To_Amazon-1920-Master_youtube_hq_print.jpg", "filename": "G2015-021-Saharan_Dust_Travels_To_Amazon-1920-Master_youtube_hq_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This is a video explaining the findings from the first multi-year study measuring the 3-D distribution of dust travelling from the Sahara Desert to the Amazon basin. This video features Hongbin Yu, lead author of the study. For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } ], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }