This visualization celebrates over three years of successful Aquarius observations. Sea surface salinity is shown on a flat map using simple cartesian and extended Molleide projections. Versions are included with and without grid lines, and in both Altantic-centered and Pacific-centered projections.
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NASA’s Aquarius satellite data shows how ocean salinity (saltiness) changes during the year. Bright orange indicates higher saltiness.2. Hurricane forecasters can now zero in on the huge floating plume of fresh water coming from the Amazon River, the world’s largest river. The thick plume acts as a potential hot plate to energize hurricanes.3. From 1960 to 2000, two-thirds of Category 5 hurricanes passed directly over the Amazon plume.TAG: The ability to map the Amazon plume more precisely with ocean salinity measurements from NASA’s Aquarius satellite will benefit hurricane forecasters.REFERENCESGrodsky, S., Reul, N., Lagerloef, G., et al. (2012). Haline hurricane wake in the Amazon/Orinoco plume. Geophysical Research Letters, (39).Grodsky, S., et al (2014). Year-to-Year Salinity Changes. Remote Sensing of Environment. (140). || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_print.jpg (1024x576) [108.8 KB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180.00502_print.jpg (1024x576) [103.7 KB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_searchweb.png (320x180) [79.8 KB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_web.png (320x180) [79.8 KB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_thm.png (80x40) [6.6 KB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_WEA_CEN.wmv (1280x720) [13.8 MB] || AE_S8.avi (1280x720) [15.8 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_baron.mp4 (1920x1080) [21.1 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_960x540.m4v (960x540) [51.5 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_1280x720.m4v (1280x720) [88.9 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_baron.webm (1920x1080) [3.5 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_1920x1080.mov (1920x1080) [771.2 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_1280x720.mov (1280x720) [884.7 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_NBC_Today.mov (1920x1080) [177.1 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_prores.mov (1920x1080) [552.0 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180.m4v (1920x1080) [176.7 MB] || ", "release_date": "2014-12-11T11:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:13.579447-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 448124, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010200/a010279/WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_print.jpg", "filename": "WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "LEAD: Hurricane forecasters can now use ocean salinity to help them better predict hurricanes.1. NASA’s Aquarius satellite data shows how ocean salinity (saltiness) changes during the year. Bright orange indicates higher saltiness.2. Hurricane forecasters can now zero in on the huge floating plume of fresh water coming from the Amazon River, the world’s largest river. The thick plume acts as a potential hot plate to energize hurricanes.3. From 1960 to 2000, two-thirds of Category 5 hurricanes passed directly over the Amazon plume.TAG: The ability to map the Amazon plume more precisely with ocean salinity measurements from NASA’s Aquarius satellite will benefit hurricane forecasters.REFERENCESGrodsky, S., Reul, N., Lagerloef, G., et al. (2012). Haline hurricane wake in the Amazon/Orinoco plume. Geophysical Research Letters, (39).Grodsky, S., et al (2014). Year-to-Year Salinity Changes. Remote Sensing of Environment. (140).", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 4238, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4238/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Aquarius Sea Surface Salinity 2011-2014 - Hyperwall", "description": "Rectangular flat map projection (Atlantic-centered) with grid lines showing Sea Surface Salinity measurements taken by Aquarius between September 2011 and September 2014. || sss_2011-2014_atlantic_rect_9600x3240.1005_print.jpg (1024x345) [94.6 KB] || sss_2011-2014_atlantic_rect_9600x3240.1005_searchweb.png (320x180) [87.8 KB] || sss_2011-2014_atlantic_rect_9600x3240.1005_thm.png (80x40) [7.8 KB] || sss_2011-2014_atlantic_rect_hw_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [26.4 MB] || sss_2011-2014_atlantic_rect_hw_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [5.2 MB] || 9600x3240_16x9_30p (9600x3240) [0 Item(s)] || sss_2011-2014_atlantic_rect_hw_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [204 bytes] || ", "release_date": "2014-11-13T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-02-02T22:18:18.411537-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 435077, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004200/a004238/sss_2011-2014_atlantic_rect_9600x3240.1005_print.jpg", "filename": "sss_2011-2014_atlantic_rect_9600x3240.1005_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Rectangular flat map projection (Atlantic-centered) with grid lines showing Sea Surface Salinity measurements taken by Aquarius between September 2011 and September 2014.", "width": 1024, "height": 345, "pixels": 353280 } }, { "id": 4234, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4234/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Aquarius Sea Surface Salinity 2011-2014 - Rotating Globes", "description": "3 years of sea surface salinity data displayed on a spinning globe focused on the northern hemisphere with date and color bar || aquarius_sss_3yrs_SpinningGlobe_north0000_print.jpg (1024x576) [55.8 KB] || aquarius_sss_3yrs_SpinningGlobe_north1329_720.webmhd.webm (960x540) [6.4 MB] || aquarius_sss_3yrs_SpinningGlobe_north_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [23.4 MB] || aquarius_sss_3yrs_SpinningGlobe_north1329_720.mp4 (1280x720) [11.9 MB] || aquarius_sss_3yrs_SpinningGlobe_north (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || ", "release_date": "2014-11-06T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:22.012744-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 449476, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004200/a004234/sss_print_globe_americas_print.jpg", "filename": "sss_print_globe_americas_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Print resolution still of the oceans around the Americas", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 4050, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4050/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Aquarius Sea Surface Salinity Flat Maps 2012", "description": "The Aquarius spacecraft is designed to measure global sea surface salinity. It is important to understand salinity, the amount of dissolved salts in water, because it will lead us to better understanding of the water cycle and can lead to improved climate models. Aquarius is a collaboration between NASA and the Space Agency of ArgentinaThis visualization celebrates over a year of successful Aquarius observations. Sea surface salinity is shown on a flat map using a simple cartesian and extended Molleide projections. Versions are included with and without dates/color bars.The range of time shown is December 2011 through Decemeber 2012. The data continuously loops through this range every 6 seconds. This visualization was generated based on version 2.0 of the Aquarius data products with all 3 scanning beams. || ", "release_date": "2013-02-28T13:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-01-19T22:10:10.602186-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 468072, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004000/a004050/aquarius_final_MOL.10721.jpg", "filename": "aquarius_final_MOL.10721.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Extended Mollweide projection of Aquarius sea surface salinity", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 4045, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4045/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Aquarius Sea Surface Salinity Tour 2012", "description": "The Aquarius spacecraft is designed to measure global sea surface salinity. It is important to understand salinity, the amount of dissolved salts in water, because it will lead us to better understanding of the water cycle and can lead to improved climate models. Aquarius is a collaboration between NASA and the Space Agency of ArgentinaThis visualization celebrates over a year of successful Aquarius observations. Sea surface salinity is shown at various locations around the globe highlighting the following:the Atlantic Ocean is generally much more salty than the Pacificlow salinity waters in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific are transported westwardhigh influxes of fresh water from the Amazon River basin can be clearly seenlow salinity waters are transported by the Labrador current to the southhigh influxes of fresh water from the Ganges River basin can be seen keeping the Eastern Indian Ocean lower salinity than the Western Indian OceanThe range of time shown is December 2011 through Decemeber 2012. The data continuously loops through this range every 6 seconds. This visualization was generated based on version 2.0 of the Aquarius data products with all 3 scanning beams. || ", "release_date": "2013-02-27T12:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-02-02T22:10:40.775151-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 467972, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004000/a004045/aquarius_final01.03800.jpg", "filename": "aquarius_final01.03800.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "A tour of Aquarius sea surface salinity data highlighting interesting features including: the North Atlantic, Eastern Pacific, Amazon outflow, Labrador current, and Indian Ocean.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 4046, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4046/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Aquarius Sea Surface Salinity on Rotating Globes 2012", "description": "The Aquarius spacecraft is designed to measure global sea surface salinity. It is important to understand salinity, the amount of dissolved salts in water, because it will lead us to better understanding of the water cycle and can lead to improved climate models. Aquarius is a collaboration between NASA and the Space Agency of ArgentinaThis visualization celebrates over a year of successful Aquarius observations. Sea surface salinity in the northern hemisphere is shown as the globe slowly rotates. The data cycles through a single year, 2012, and repeats. Two versions of the visualization are provied: a version with dates and a scientific color bar and another version without dates and a simpler color bar. The range of time shown is December 2011 through Decemeber 2012. The data continuously loops through this range every 6 seconds. This visualization was generated based on version 2.0 of the Aquarius data products with all 3 scanning beams.http://The Aquarius spacecraft || ", "release_date": "2013-02-27T12:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:52:22.392507-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 468011, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004000/a004046/public.aquarius_globe_science_final01.10720.jpg", "filename": "public.aquarius_globe_science_final01.10720.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Aquarius spinning globe without dates and with public colorbar.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [], "newer_versions": [ { "id": 5017, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5017/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "A Decade of Sea Surface Salinity", "description": "This data visualization shows sea surface salinity (i.e., ocean salt concentration) over a ten year period (2011 to 2021). Warm colors (orange to yellow) are areas of high salinity/hot tropics. Cooler colors (blue to violet) are fresher waters, many of which can be seen coming from rainy/river/wetter tropics. || salinity_v48_8k.4653_print.jpg (1024x512) [132.1 KB] || salinity_v48_8k.4653_searchweb.png (180x320) [80.5 KB] || salinity_v48_8k.4653_thm.png (80x40) [6.6 KB] || salinity_v49_1000p30.mp4 (2000x1000) [56.3 MB] || 2000x1000_2x1_60p (2000x1000) [0 Item(s)] || salinity_v49_1000p30.webm (2000x1000) [14.5 MB] || salinity_v49_1000p60.mp4 (2000x1000) [31.9 MB] || 8000x4000_2x1_60p (8000x4000) [0 Item(s)] || salinity_v49_8k_2000p30_h265.mp4 (4000x2000) [88.0 MB] || ", "release_date": "2022-08-26T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-02-02T00:16:55.123465-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 369647, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005000/a005017/salinity_v48_8k.4653_print.jpg", "filename": "salinity_v48_8k.4653_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This data visualization shows sea surface salinity (i.e., ocean salt concentration) over a ten year period (2011 to 2021). Warm colors (orange to yellow) are areas of high salinity/hot tropics. Cooler colors (blue to violet) are fresher waters, many of which can be seen coming from rainy/river/wetter tropics.", "width": 1024, "height": 512, "pixels": 524288 } } ], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }