{ "id": 4177, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4177/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "As Seen by STEREO-A: The Carrington-Class CME of 2012", "description": "STEREO-A, at a position along Earth's orbit where it has an unobstructed view of the far side of the Sun, could clearly observe possibly the most powerful coronal mass ejection (CME) of solar cyle 24 on July 23, 2012. The visualizations on this page cover the entire day.We see the flare erupt in the lower right quadrant of the solar disk from a large active region. The material is launched into space in a direction towards STEREO-A. This creates the ring-like 'halo' CME visible in the STEREO-A coronagraph, COR-2 (blue circular image).As the CME expands beyond the field of view of the COR-2 imager, the high energy particles reach STEREO-A, creating the snow-like noise in the image. The particles also strike the HI-2 imager (blue square) brightening the image.The HI-1 imager has had 'bloom removal' enabled and filled with contents of the immediately previous HI-1 image, which creates a linear artifact above and below bright stars and planets. || ", "release_date": "2014-07-23T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2021-02-22T07:53:03-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 454425, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004100/a004177/STEREOAEUVI304A_stand.HD1080i.00041.png", "filename": "STEREOAEUVI304A_stand.HD1080i.00041.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "A bright flare erupts from an active region in this image from STEREO-A 304 angstrom ultraviolet filter.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 }, "main_video": null, "main_credits": { "Visualizations by": [ { "name": "Tom Bridgman", "employer": "Global Science and Technology, Inc." } ] }, "progress": "Complete", "media_groups": [ { "id": 340650, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4177/#media_group_340650", "widget": "Basic text with HTML", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "STEREO-A, at a position along Earth's orbit where it has an unobstructed view of the far side of the Sun, could clearly observe possibly the most powerful coronal mass ejection (CME) of solar cyle 24 on July 23, 2012. The visualizations on this page cover the entire day.

We see the flare erupt in the lower right quadrant of the solar disk from a large active region. The material is launched into space in a direction towards STEREO-A. This creates the ring-like 'halo' CME visible in the STEREO-A coronagraph, COR-2 (blue circular image).

As the CME expands beyond the field of view of the COR-2 imager, the high energy particles reach STEREO-A, creating the snow-like noise in the image. The particles also strike the HI-2 imager (blue square) brightening the image.

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Long version.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 290652, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 454501, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004100/a004177/STEREOAEUVI304COR2HI1L.markers.HD720.mp4", "filename": "STEREOAEUVI304COR2HI1L.markers.HD720.mp4", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "In this composite of EUVI 304 angstrom, COR-2 and the Heliospheric Imager-1 (HI-1), we see the CME expanding in COR-2. The planet Mercury is labeled. The other bright objected in HI-1, below the line between Mercury and the sun, is the star Antares in the constellation Scorpius. 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Long version.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 290657, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 454506, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004100/a004177/STEREOAEUVI304COR2HI1L.markers.HD720.webmhd.webm", "filename": "STEREOAEUVI304COR2HI1L.markers.HD720.webmhd.webm", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "In this composite of EUVI 304 angstrom, COR-2 and the Heliospheric Imager-1 (HI-1), we see the CME expanding in COR-2. The planet Mercury is labeled. The other bright objected in HI-1, below the line between Mercury and the sun, is the star Antares in the constellation Scorpius. 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The STEREO mission began with two spacecraft: STEREO-A and STEREO-B. Each was launched into Sun-orbiting trajectories - STEREO-A moving ahead of Earth, and STEREO-B moving behind Earth (STEREO's Routes to Solar Orbits). In mid-August 2023, the still-operational STEREO-A (STEREO-B went offline in October 2014) will pass Earth for the first time since its launch 17 years ago. Like race cars driving different speeds around a circular track, STEREO-A is traveling slightly faster than Earth around the Sun. After launch, STEREO-A pulled ahead of Earth and extended its lead a little bit more with each orbit. Now, STEREO-A’s lead is so great that it is catching up to Earth from behind and is about to “lap” Earth, having completed 18 circuits around the Sun while Earth completed just 17. || ", "release_date": "2023-08-22T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-01-06T00:44:34.491471-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 857695, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005100/a005136/STEREOflyby.STEREOflybyZoom.GSE.AU.clockSlate_EarthTarget.HD1080.00500_print.jpg", "filename": "STEREOflyby.STEREOflybyZoom.GSE.AU.clockSlate_EarthTarget.HD1080.00500_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "A view of the orbit of STEREO-A relative to Earth from mid-June 2023 to mid-October 2023, as it passes Earth. The camera is anchored on the Earth-Sun line so Earth and the Sun appear fixed while the distant stars appear to move around the camera. This movie starts with a wide view of the inner solar system with STEREO-A and Earth marked. The camera then zooms in to a closer view of Earth showing Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) orbiting Earth, the heliophysics missions orbiting the L1 Lagrange Point (the green cross), and the orbit of the Moon.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 12390, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12390/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA's STEREO Solar Probes 10th Anniversary Live Shots", "description": "B-roll that corresponds with the live shots. || B-Roll_2.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [130.4 KB] || B-Roll_2.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [78.8 KB] || B-Roll_2.00001_web.png (320x180) [78.8 KB] || B-Roll_2.00001_thm.png (80x40) [6.6 KB] || B-Roll.webm (1280x720) [19.6 MB] || B-Roll_2.webm (1280x720) [19.5 MB] || B-Roll_2.mov (1280x720) [3.1 GB] || ", "release_date": "2016-10-17T16:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:48:10.487952-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 419234, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012300/a012390/B-Roll_2.00001_print.jpg", "filename": "B-Roll_2.00001_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "B-roll that corresponds with the live shots.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 11558, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11558/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA's Many Views of a Massive CME", "description": "On July 23, 2012, a massive cloud of solar material erupted off the sun's right side, zooming out into space. It soon passed one of NASA's Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory, or STEREO, spacecraft, which clocked the CME as traveling between 1,800 and 2,200 miles per second as it left the sun. This was the fastest CME ever observed by STEREO. Two other observatories – NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory and the joint European Space Agency/NASA Solar and Heliospheric Observatory — witnessed the eruption as well. The July 2012 CME didn't move toward Earth, but watching an unusually strong CME like this gives scientists an opportunity to observe how these events originate and travel through space. STEREO's unique viewpoint from the sides of the sun combined with the other two observatories watching from closer to Earth helped scientists create models of the entire July 2012 event. They learned that an earlier, smaller CME helped clear the path for the larger event, thus contributing to its unusual speed. Such data helps advance our understanding of what causes CMEs and improves modeling of similar CMEs that could be Earth-directed. || ", "release_date": "2014-09-24T10:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-01-04T00:18:09.207601-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 451337, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011500/a011558/Massive_CME_Still_2_1080.jpg", "filename": "Massive_CME_Still_2_1080.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Three NASA observatories work together to help scientists track the journey of a massive coronal mass ejection, or CME, in July 2012.Credit: NASA/SDO/STEREO/ESA/SOHO/WiessingerWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 4167, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4167/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "The Big CME that Missed Earth", "description": "July of 2012 witnessed the eruption of a very large and fast solar coronal mass ejection (CME) (see NASA STEREO Observes One of the Fastest CMEs On Record and Carrington-class CME Narrowly Misses Earth ). While not directed at Earth, it was sufficiently large that it could have seriously disrupted the global electrical infrastructure. The event did impact STEREO-A of NASA's heliophysics fleet which provided a host of measurements (see Sentinels of the Heliosphere).One of the conditions which contributed to the high speed of this event is that two smaller CMEs were launched a little earlier, and these events cleared out much of the solar wind material, leaving little to slow the outflow of the July 23 event (UTC).In the visualizations below, generated from the Enlil space weather model, green represents particle density, usually protons and other ions. In green, we see the Parker spiral moving out from the sun generated by the sun's current sheet (Wikipedia). Red represents particles at high temperatures and shows the CME is hotter than the usual solar wind flow. Large changes in density are represented in blue. These three colors sometimes combine to tell us more about the characteristics of the event (noted in the 3-color Venn diagram below).However, if this CME had struck Earth's magnetosphere, which has a much stronger magnetic field, the changing magnetic field would induce much larger voltages in systems with long electrical conductors, such as power lines that run over long distances. These significantly higher voltages can damage power transformers. || ", "release_date": "2014-07-23T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-01-04T00:05:05.071417-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 455573, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004100/a004167/2012July_high2AU.full.0327.jpg", "filename": "2012July_high2AU.full.0327.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Enlil model run of the July 23, 2012 CME and events leading up to it. This movie provides a better view of the inner solar system for the CME event. The density color table has been altered accordingly. This view includes a 'top-down' view in the plane of Earth's orbit, as well as a slice perpendicular to the orbit which passes through Earth. We see the previous CME pass Earth, but not the July 23 event.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 4172, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4172/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "As Seen by SDO: The Carrington-Class CME of 2012", "description": "While SDO did not have a direct view of the region which launched the large coronal mass ejection (CME) of July 23, 2012, it still managed to catch a glimpse of the solar plasma as it launched into space. The eruption becomes visible at timestamp 02:14:24 UTC in the lower right side of the movies below. || ", "release_date": "2014-07-23T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:43.023512-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 454976, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004100/a004172/AIA131Carrington_stand.HD1080i.00444.jpg", "filename": "AIA131Carrington_stand.HD1080i.00444.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "A view of the July 23, 2012 CME from AIA in the 131 angstrom filter.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 4178, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4178/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "As Seen by STEREO-B: The Carrington-Class CME of 2012", "description": "Like SDO, STEREO-B did not have a direct view of the coronal mass ejection (CME) launched by the sun on July 23, 2012. However, the active region involved was very close to the limb of the sun (lower left quadrant) and STEREO-B provided an excellent view of plasma launched in both ultraviolet light and the white-light coronagraph. || ", "release_date": "2014-07-23T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-01-05T22:31:09.977667-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 454512, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004100/a004178/STEREOBEUVI304A_stand.HD1080i.00030.png", "filename": "STEREOBEUVI304A_stand.HD1080i.00030.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "In this sequence from the STEREO-B, 304 angstrom ultraviolet filter, we see the CME rising from the lower left limb of the sun.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [ { "id": 13291, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13291/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA’s New Solar Scope Is Ready For Balloon Flight", "description": "NASA and the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, or KASI, are getting ready to test a new way to see the Sun, high over the New Mexico desert. A pearlescent balloon — large enough to hug a football field — is scheduled to take flight no earlier than Aug. 26, 2019, carrying beneath it a solar scope called BITSE. BITSE is a coronagraph, a kind of telescope that blocks the Sun’s bright face in order to reveal its dimmer atmosphere, called the corona. Short for Balloon-borne Investigation of Temperature and Speed of Electrons in the corona, BITSE seeks to explain how the Sun spits out the solar wind. || ", "release_date": "2019-08-23T11:30:00-04:00", "update_date": "2020-01-23T07:22:34-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 393657, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013291/BITSE_ReadyForFlight_YouTube.00283_print.jpg", "filename": "BITSE_ReadyForFlight_YouTube.00283_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Music credit: \"Gear Wheels\" by Fabrice Ravel Chapuis [SACEM] from Killer Tracks Complete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 13275, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13275/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "How NASA Will Protect Astronauts From Space Radiation", "description": "Today, the Apollo-era flares serve as a reminder of the threat of radiation exposure for technology and astronauts in space. Understanding and predicting solar eruptions is crucial for safe space exploration. Almost 50 years since those 1972 storms, the data, technology and resources available to NASA have improved, enabling advancements towards space weather forecasts and astronaut protection — key to NASA’s Artemis program to return astronauts to the Moon.", "release_date": "2019-08-07T11:30:00-04:00", "update_date": "2026-02-20T16:18:25.752581-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 393941, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013275/13275_AstronautRadiation_Twitter.01205_print.jpg", "filename": "13275_AstronautRadiation_Twitter.01205_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.Music credits: “Boreal Moment” by Benoit Scarwell [SACEM]; “Sensory Questioning”, “Natural Time Cycles”, “Emerging Designer”, and “Experimental Design” by Laurent Dury [SACEM]; “Superluminal” by Lee Groves [PRS], Peter George Marett [PRS] from Killer Tracks", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } ], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }