{
"id": 4167,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4167/",
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"title": "The Big CME that Missed Earth",
"description": "July of 2012 witnessed the eruption of a very large and fast solar coronal mass ejection (CME) (see NASA STEREO Observes One of the Fastest CMEs On Record and Carrington-class CME Narrowly Misses Earth ). While not directed at Earth, it was sufficiently large that it could have seriously disrupted the global electrical infrastructure. The event did impact STEREO-A of NASA's heliophysics fleet which provided a host of measurements (see Sentinels of the Heliosphere).One of the conditions which contributed to the high speed of this event is that two smaller CMEs were launched a little earlier, and these events cleared out much of the solar wind material, leaving little to slow the outflow of the July 23 event (UTC).In the visualizations below, generated from the Enlil space weather model, green represents particle density, usually protons and other ions. In green, we see the Parker spiral moving out from the sun generated by the sun's current sheet (Wikipedia). Red represents particles at high temperatures and shows the CME is hotter than the usual solar wind flow. Large changes in density are represented in blue. These three colors sometimes combine to tell us more about the characteristics of the event (noted in the 3-color Venn diagram below).However, if this CME had struck Earth's magnetosphere, which has a much stronger magnetic field, the changing magnetic field would induce much larger voltages in systems with long electrical conductors, such as power lines that run over long distances. These significantly higher voltages can damage power transformers. || ",
"release_date": "2014-07-23T00:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-04T00:05:05.071417-05:00",
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"alt_text": "Enlil model run of the July 23, 2012 CME and events leading up to it. This movie provides a better view of the inner solar system for the CME event. The density color table has been altered accordingly. This view includes a 'top-down' view in the plane of Earth's orbit, as well as a slice perpendicular to the orbit which passes through Earth. We see the previous CME pass Earth, but not the July 23 event.",
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"Visualizations by": [
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"employer": "Global Science and Technology, Inc."
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"description": "July of 2012 witnessed the eruption of a very large and fast solar coronal mass ejection (CME) (see NASA STEREO Observes One of the Fastest CMEs On Record and Carrington-class CME Narrowly Misses Earth ). While not directed at Earth, it was sufficiently large that it could have seriously disrupted the global electrical infrastructure. The event did impact STEREO-A of NASA's heliophysics fleet which provided a host of measurements (see Sentinels of the Heliosphere).
One of the conditions which contributed to the high speed of this event is that two smaller CMEs were launched a little earlier, and these events cleared out much of the solar wind material, leaving little to slow the outflow of the July 23 event (UTC).
In the visualizations below, generated from the Enlil space weather model, green represents particle density, usually protons and other ions. In green, we see the Parker spiral moving out from the sun generated by the sun's current sheet (Wikipedia). Red represents particles at high temperatures and shows the CME is hotter than the usual solar wind flow. Large changes in density are represented in blue. These three colors sometimes combine to tell us more about the characteristics of the event (noted in the 3-color Venn diagram below).
However, if this CME had struck Earth's magnetosphere, which has a much stronger magnetic field, the changing magnetic field would induce much larger voltages in systems with long electrical conductors, such as power lines that run over long distances. These significantly higher voltages can damage power transformers.",
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This video is also available on our YouTube channel.
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"description": "See [Science@NASA](http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2014/23jul_superstorm/)",
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{
"id": 4189,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4189/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Comparative Magnetospheres: A Carrington-Class CME",
"description": "In an effort to understand and predict the impact of space weather events on Earth, the Community-Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, routinely runs computer models of the many historical events. These model runs are then compared to actual data to determine ways to improve the model, and therefore forecasts of the impacts of future space weather events.But sometimes we don't have an actual event where we have lots of data for comparison. Extreme space weather events are one example where we must test models with a rather limited set of data.This is a model run used to examine the consequences if a large coronal mass ejection (CME) such as The Carrington-Class CME of 2012 had actual hit Earth. Such model runs allow us to estimate consequences of a large event hitting Earth so we can better protect power grids and satellites.Some of the conclusions from this model run are (documented in the paper linked below):The magnetopause is compressed to the point it is moved inside the orbits of our geosynchronous satellites.Large field-aligned currents are created on the night-side of Earth, generating large ionospheric potentials.At high latitudes, geo-electric fields of 26 volts per kilometer can be generated.For comparison, the geo-electric field of the March 1989 storm which generated an extensive power outage in Canada (Wikipedia) had a value of only about 6 volts per kilometer; and the 2003 Halloween solar storms (see Halloween Solar Storms 2003) generated a field of about 12 volts per kilometer. || ",
"release_date": "2014-09-25T10:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2024-12-29T22:16:09.811536-05:00",
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"alt_text": "This movie opens with a close-up view of Earth with geo-magnetic field lines. The camera pulls out and fades in a profile slice of the plasma density data.",
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}
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"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "NASA's Many Views of a Massive CME",
"description": "On July 23, 2012, a massive cloud of solar material erupted off the sun's right side, zooming out into space. It soon passed one of NASA's Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory, or STEREO, spacecraft, which clocked the CME as traveling between 1,800 and 2,200 miles per second as it left the sun. This was the fastest CME ever observed by STEREO. Two other observatories – NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory and the joint European Space Agency/NASA Solar and Heliospheric Observatory — witnessed the eruption as well. The July 2012 CME didn't move toward Earth, but watching an unusually strong CME like this gives scientists an opportunity to observe how these events originate and travel through space. STEREO's unique viewpoint from the sides of the sun combined with the other two observatories watching from closer to Earth helped scientists create models of the entire July 2012 event. They learned that an earlier, smaller CME helped clear the path for the larger event, thus contributing to its unusual speed. Such data helps advance our understanding of what causes CMEs and improves modeling of similar CMEs that could be Earth-directed. || ",
"release_date": "2014-09-24T10:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-04T00:18:09.207601-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 451337,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011500/a011558/Massive_CME_Still_2_1080.jpg",
"filename": "Massive_CME_Still_2_1080.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Three NASA observatories work together to help scientists track the journey of a massive coronal mass ejection, or CME, in July 2012.Credit: NASA/SDO/STEREO/ESA/SOHO/WiessingerWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here.",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080,
"pixels": 2073600
}
},
{
"id": 4172,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4172/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "As Seen by SDO: The Carrington-Class CME of 2012",
"description": "While SDO did not have a direct view of the region which launched the large coronal mass ejection (CME) of July 23, 2012, it still managed to catch a glimpse of the solar plasma as it launched into space. The eruption becomes visible at timestamp 02:14:24 UTC in the lower right side of the movies below. || ",
"release_date": "2014-07-23T00:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:43.023512-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 454976,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004100/a004172/AIA131Carrington_stand.HD1080i.00444.jpg",
"filename": "AIA131Carrington_stand.HD1080i.00444.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "A view of the July 23, 2012 CME from AIA in the 131 angstrom filter.",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080,
"pixels": 2073600
}
},
{
"id": 4177,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4177/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "As Seen by STEREO-A: The Carrington-Class CME of 2012",
"description": "STEREO-A, at a position along Earth's orbit where it has an unobstructed view of the far side of the Sun, could clearly observe possibly the most powerful coronal mass ejection (CME) of solar cyle 24 on July 23, 2012. The visualizations on this page cover the entire day.We see the flare erupt in the lower right quadrant of the solar disk from a large active region. The material is launched into space in a direction towards STEREO-A. This creates the ring-like 'halo' CME visible in the STEREO-A coronagraph, COR-2 (blue circular image).As the CME expands beyond the field of view of the COR-2 imager, the high energy particles reach STEREO-A, creating the snow-like noise in the image. The particles also strike the HI-2 imager (blue square) brightening the image.The HI-1 imager has had 'bloom removal' enabled and filled with contents of the immediately previous HI-1 image, which creates a linear artifact above and below bright stars and planets. || ",
"release_date": "2014-07-23T00:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2021-02-22T07:53:03-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 454425,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004100/a004177/STEREOAEUVI304A_stand.HD1080i.00041.png",
"filename": "STEREOAEUVI304A_stand.HD1080i.00041.png",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "A bright flare erupts from an active region in this image from STEREO-A 304 angstrom ultraviolet filter.",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080,
"pixels": 2073600
}
},
{
"id": 4178,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4178/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "As Seen by STEREO-B: The Carrington-Class CME of 2012",
"description": "Like SDO, STEREO-B did not have a direct view of the coronal mass ejection (CME) launched by the sun on July 23, 2012. However, the active region involved was very close to the limb of the sun (lower left quadrant) and STEREO-B provided an excellent view of plasma launched in both ultraviolet light and the white-light coronagraph. || ",
"release_date": "2014-07-23T00:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-05T22:31:09.977667-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 454512,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004100/a004178/STEREOBEUVI304A_stand.HD1080i.00030.png",
"filename": "STEREOBEUVI304A_stand.HD1080i.00030.png",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "In this sequence from the STEREO-B, 304 angstrom ultraviolet filter, we see the CME rising from the lower left limb of the sun.",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080,
"pixels": 2073600
}
}
],
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