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"id": 40550,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/voyager/",
"page_type": "Gallery",
"title": "Voyager",
"description": "Launched in 1977, the twin Voyager spacecraft are NASA’s longest operating and most distant spacecraft. Hurtling through space at over 38,000 miles per hour, Voyager 1 and 2 were the first confirmed human-made objects to cross the threshold into interstellar space. After completing an in-depth reconnaissance of the outer planets, the Voyager spacecraft departed the heliosphere, the protective bubble of particles and magnetic fields generated by the Sun, in two separate directions and are now exploring the edges of interstellar space. \n\nLearn more: https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/",
"release_date": "2026-03-04T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2026-03-04T00:00:00-05:00",
"main_image": {
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"filename": "Voyager.jpg",
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"alt_text": "Voyager 1 and its twin Voyager 2 are the only spacecraft ever to operate outside the heliosphere, the protective bubble of particles and magnetic fields generated by the Sun. Voyager 1 reached the interstellar boundary in 2012, while Voyager 2 (traveling slower and in a different direction than its twin) reached it in 2018.\n\nLearn more: https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/",
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"title": "Overview",
"caption": "",
"description": "Launched in 1977, the twin Voyager spacecraft are NASA’s longest operating and most distant spacecraft. Hurtling through space at over 38,000 miles per hour, Voyager 1 and 2 were the first confirmed human-made objects to cross the threshold into interstellar space. After completing an in-depth reconnaissance of the outer planets, the Voyager spacecraft departed the heliosphere, the protective bubble of particles and magnetic fields generated by the Sun, in two separate directions and are now exploring the edges of interstellar space. \n\nLearn more: https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/",
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"id": 379834,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/voyager/#media_group_379834",
"widget": "Tile gallery",
"title": "Voyager Animations",
"caption": "",
"description": "",
"items": [
{
"id": 518715,
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"extra_data": null,
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"id": 20390,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20390/",
"page_type": "Animation",
"title": "Exploring Planet Uranus Resource Page",
"description": "Uranus Beauty Pass 1 || Shot4_4kProRes.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [58.6 KB] || Shot4_4kProRes.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [29.0 KB] || Shot4_4kProRes.00001_thm.png (80x40) [2.8 KB] || Shot4_4kProRes.00001_web.png (320x180) [29.0 KB] || Shot4_4k_mp4.mp4 [62.1 MB] || Shot4_1k_mp4.mp4 [17.1 MB] || Shot4_4kProRes.mov [1.5 GB] || This page contains the animations that were created for the Exploring Planet Uranus video. The full movie is also available. || ",
"release_date": "2024-05-21T11:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2024-05-21T16:29:50.758499-04:00",
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"alt_text": "Uranus Beauty Pass 1",
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{
"id": 518718,
"type": "details_page",
"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 13544,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13544/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Revisiting the Pale Blue Dot at 30",
"description": "“Look again at that dot. That's here. That's home. That's us.” – Carl Sagan || 1Pale_Blue_Dot_Revisited_1024x576_JPG_PIA23645.jpg (1024x576) [125.5 KB] || 1Pale_Blue_Dot_Revisited_Full-Res.jpg (5230x5175) [617.9 KB] || 1Pale_Blue_Dot_Revisited_1024x576_JPG_PIA23645_thm.png (80x40) [5.6 KB] || 1Pale_Blue_Dot_Revisited_Full-Res_searchweb.png (320x180) [51.1 KB] || ",
"release_date": "2020-02-14T13:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:45:10.041815-04:00",
"main_image": {
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"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013500/a013544/1Pale_Blue_Dot_Revisited_Full-Res_searchweb.png",
"filename": "1Pale_Blue_Dot_Revisited_Full-Res_searchweb.png",
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"alt_text": "“Look again at that dot. That's here. That's home. That's us.” – Carl Sagan",
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"height": 180,
"pixels": 57600
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}
},
{
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"id": 13155,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13155/",
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"title": "Going Interstellar with TESS and Kepler",
"description": "For the longest time, space seemed like just a big, nearly empty place. However, as we learned more about the universe around us, we discovered other planets orbiting our Sun, and even planets that orbit other stars trillions of miles away. In this video, discover how NASA has explored the space beyond Earth and our solar system with spacecraft like Voyagers 1 and 2, and how we’ve discovered thousands of planets outside of our solar system — also called exoplanets — with space telescopes like Kepler and TESS.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight CenterMusic: \"Virtual Memory\" from Killer TracksYouTube linkComplete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || TESS_Voyager_final_full_version_still.jpg (1920x1080) [506.3 KB] || TESS_Voyager_final_full_version_still_print.jpg (1024x576) [223.7 KB] || TESS_Voyager_final_full_version_still_searchweb.png (320x180) [101.1 KB] || TESS_Voyager_final_full_version_still_thm.png (80x40) [7.3 KB] || TESS_Voyager_final_full_version_prores.mov (1920x1080) [2.2 GB] || TESS_Voyager_final_full_version_HQ.mp4 (1920x1080) [412.1 MB] || TESS_Voyager_final_full_version_LQ.mp4 (1920x1080) [211.8 MB] || TESS_Voyager_final_full_version_prores.webm (1920x1080) [22.6 MB] || TESS_Voyager_final_full_version.en_US.srt [3.9 KB] || TESS_Voyager_final_full_version.en_US.vtt [4.0 KB] || ",
"release_date": "2019-03-27T15:30:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:46:03.435592-04:00",
"main_image": {
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"filename": "TESS_Voyager_final_full_version_still.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "For the longest time, space seemed like just a big, nearly empty place. However, as we learned more about the universe around us, we discovered other planets orbiting our Sun, and even planets that orbit other stars trillions of miles away. In this video, discover how NASA has explored the space beyond Earth and our solar system with spacecraft like Voyagers 1 and 2, and how we’ve discovered thousands of planets outside of our solar system — also called exoplanets — with space telescopes like Kepler and TESS.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight CenterMusic: \"Virtual Memory\" from Killer TracksYouTube linkComplete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080,
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}
}
},
{
"id": 518719,
"type": "details_page",
"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 4139,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4139/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Voyager 1 Trajectory through the Solar System",
"description": "This visualization tracks the trajectory of the Voyager 1 spacecraft through the solar system. Launched on September 5, 1977, it was one of two spacecraft sent to visit the giant planets of the outer solar system. Voyager 1 flew by Jupiter and Saturn before being directed out of the solar system.To fit the 40 year history of the mission into a short visualization, the pacing of time accelerates through most of the movie, starting at about 5 days per second at the beginning and speeding up to about 11 months per second after the planet flybys are past.The termination shock and heliopause are the 'boundaries' created when the plasma between the stars interacts with the plasma flowing outward from the Sun. They are represented with simple grid models and oriented so their 'nose' is pointed in the direction (Right Ascension = 17h 24m, declination = 17 degrees south) represented by more recent measurements from other missions. || ",
"release_date": "2017-08-31T14:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-02-02T22:13:26.595120-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 411562,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004100/a004139/Voyager.ChaseV1.clockSlate_Track.HD1080i.03905_print.jpg",
"filename": "Voyager.ChaseV1.clockSlate_Track.HD1080i.03905_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Visualization centered on the Voyager 1 trajectory through the solar system.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
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}
},
{
"id": 518720,
"type": "details_page",
"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 4140,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4140/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Voyager 2 Trajectory through the Solar System",
"description": "This visualization tracks the trajectory of the Voyager 2 spacecraft through the solar system. Launched on August 20, 1977, it was one of two spacecraft sent to visit the giant planets of the outer solar system. Like Voyager 1, Voyager 2 flew by Jupiter and Saturn, but the Voyager 2 mission was extended to fly by Uranus and Neptune before being directed out of the solar system.To fit the 40 year history of the mission into a short visualization, the pacing of time accelerates through most of the movie, starting at about 5 days per second at the beginning and speeding up to about 11 months per second after the planet flybys are past.The termination shock and heliopause are the 'boundaries' created when the plasma between the stars interacts with the plasma flowing outward from the Sun. They are represented with simple grid models and oriented so their 'nose' is pointed in the direction (Right Ascension = 17h 24m, declination = 17 degrees south) represented by more recent measurements from other missions. || ",
"release_date": "2017-08-31T14:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-02-02T00:05:41.264662-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 411585,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004100/a004140/Voyager.ChaseV2.clockSlate_Track.HD1080i.03849_print.jpg",
"filename": "Voyager.ChaseV2.clockSlate_Track.HD1080i.03849_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Visualization centered on the Voyager 2 trajectory through the solar system.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
}
},
{
"id": 518722,
"type": "details_page",
"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 11598,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11598/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Experience Triton",
"description": "In late August 1989, NASA’s Voyager 2 spacecraft sailed past Neptune’s largest moon, Triton, providing the first images of this distant world. Now, a stunning new view of the flyby has been created using historic data collected by the spacecraft. Triton is part of a family of 14 moons that orbit Neptune. It has a diameter of 1,700 miles, making it roughly the size of Earth’s moon. Deposits of nitrogen, methane and carbon dioxide ice can be found on Triton's surface, where Voyager 2 recorded temperatures of -391°F. Although it's classified as a moon of Neptune, scientists believe Triton is actually an object from the outer solar system that was captured by the planet’s gravity long ago. Watch the video to see a visualization of Voyager 2's encounter with Triton. || ",
"release_date": "2014-08-26T11:55:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:38.402536-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 452412,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011500/a011598/x-1024_print.jpg",
"filename": "x-1024_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "See enhanced views of Neptune's largest moon.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
}
},
{
"id": 518723,
"type": "details_page",
"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 10791,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10791/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Voyager Heliosheath Bubbles Animations",
"description": "Animations showing the new Voyager findings about the magnetic field in the heliosheath.For more videos and stills about the Voyager magnetic bubbles discovery, go here. || ",
"release_date": "2011-06-09T12:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:45.777646-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 485584,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010700/a010791/bubbles_Clean1583.jpg",
"filename": "bubbles_Clean1583.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Shorter, simpler version of new heliospheric scenario animation.",
"width": 1280,
"height": 720,
"pixels": 921600
}
}
},
{
"id": 518724,
"type": "details_page",
"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 3635,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3635/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "IBEX First Skymap Release",
"description": "The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission science team has used data from NASA's IBEX spacecraft to construct the first-ever all-sky map of the interactions occurring at the edge of the solar system, where the sun's influence diminishes and interacts with the interstellar medium. The interstellar boundary region shields our solar system from most of the dangerous galactic cosmic radiation that would otherwise enter from interstellar space.This visualization illustrates the IBEX satellite in Earth orbit (the orbit reaching almost as far as the orbit of the Moon) and pulls out to beyond the heliopause boundary (the true 3-D nature of the boundary is reduced to a 2-D spherical surface). The sphere with the skymap opens to reproject the data into a near-Aitoff type map projection.The skymap shows the measured flux of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs). || ",
"release_date": "2009-10-15T12:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:31.889746-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 495660,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003600/a003635/IBEXskymapHD1080_GSEmove.HD1080i.1382.jpg",
"filename": "IBEXskymapHD1080_GSEmove.HD1080i.1382.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "This movie pulls out from the region of the IBEX spacecraft to beyond the heliopause, illustrating the region which is the source of the IBEX data.",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080,
"pixels": 2073600
}
}
},
{
"id": 518717,
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"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 20130,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20130/",
"page_type": "Animation",
"title": "Voyager 2",
"description": "This animation shows Voyager 2 on its journey to the Heliopause. || Voyager 2 animation || VgerII060000602_print.jpg (1024x576) [60.8 KB] || VgerII0600_web.png (320x180) [264.4 KB] || VgerII0600_thm.png (80x40) [16.3 KB] || 1280x720_16x9_60p (1280x720) [64.0 KB] || 20130_Voyager_2_Heliopause.mov (1280x720) [326.2 MB] || VgerII_720p.m2v (1280x720) [29.5 MB] || VgerII_720p.webmhd.webm (960x540) [5.0 MB] || a010179_VgerII_720p.mp4 (640x360) [3.4 MB] || VgerII_512x288.m1v (512x288) [6.4 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2007-12-10T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:31.264691-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 506603,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020100/a020130/VgerII060000602_print.jpg",
"filename": "VgerII060000602_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Voyager 2 animation",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
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}
},
{
"id": 518725,
"type": "details_page",
"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 20107,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20107/",
"page_type": "Animation",
"title": "Journey to the Heliopause",
"description": "This animation starts at our Sun and quickly zooms out through the solar system to reveal the Heliosphere and the Heliopause where Voyager I passed through in November 2003. || ",
"release_date": "2007-08-10T00:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:36.945356-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 507893,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020100/a020107/Heliopause00002_print.jpg",
"filename": "Heliopause00002_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Heliopause movie\n",
"width": 1024,
"height": 691,
"pixels": 707584
}
}
},
{
"id": 518716,
"type": "details_page",
"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 20042,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20042/",
"page_type": "Animation",
"title": "Voyager Meets a Coronal Mass Ejection",
"description": "A coronal mass ejection (CME) passes the Voyager spacecraft far beyond Pluto. || The CME hits the Voyager spacecraft. || VgerLrg_pre.00127_print.jpg (1024x691) [62.8 KB] || VgerLrg_pre.jpg (320x197) [4.1 KB] || Voyager_pre.jpg (320x238) [7.5 KB] || 1280x720_16x9_60p (1280x720) [64.0 KB] || VgerLrg.webmhd.webm (960x540) [3.2 MB] || VgerHD0001.mp4 (1280x720) [6.9 MB] || VgerLrg.mpg (720x486) [2.5 MB] || 720x486_4x3_30p (720x486) [32.0 KB] || Voyager.mpg (352x240) [2.3 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2004-12-03T12:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:30.960706-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 517575,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020000/a020042/Voyager_web.jpg",
"filename": "Voyager_web.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "CME passing Voyager",
"width": 320,
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}
}
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{
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"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/voyager/#media_group_379835",
"widget": "Tile gallery",
"title": "Voyager Produced Content",
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"items": [
{
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"instance": {
"id": 14898,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14898/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Our Home In Space Series",
"description": "The heliosphere, the massive bubble created by our Sun, is like our “house” in space. It shelters us from harsh weather outside and regulates the environment inside. Without our heliosphere, Earth may never have developed life at all. But there’s a lot we still don’t know about our cosmic home. How big is it, and what is it shaped like? How does it compare to the “houses” created by other stars? A new NASA mission will soon unlock answers to these questions and more. Launching as early as Sept. 23, NASA’s Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe will help us construct the “blueprints” or our home in space. This three-part series explores how we learn about our heliosphere, how it protects us, and how it advances the search for life elsewhere in the Universe. || ",
"release_date": "2025-09-15T15:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-09-30T13:27:20.099671-04:00",
"main_image": {
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"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Our Home in Space Part 1: The Missing BlueprintsWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Music Credit: \"Evanescence\" and \"Blossom\" from Universal Production Music",
"width": 1080,
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}
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{
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"instance": {
"id": 14831,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14831/",
"page_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
"title": "Seeing Earth as Only NASA Can",
"description": "NASA's first image of Earth was taken by Explorer 6 in 1959. It was a grainy, black-and-white photo captured from 17,000 miles above the planet's surface and depicted little more than a sliver of cloud cover over the Pacific Ocean. Nearly 70 years later, NASA's vantage point of Earth has advanced dramatically — forever changing the way we see our home planet. As we continue reaching for the stars, training a careful eye on Earth keeps things in perspective.",
"release_date": "2025-04-29T18:59:59-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-04-30T15:38:41.119801-04:00",
"main_image": {
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"filename": "thumbnail-square.png",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "NASA's first image of Earth was taken by Explorer 6 in 1959. It was a grainy, black-and-white photo captured from 17,000 miles above the planet's surface and depicted little more than a sliver of cloud cover over the Pacific Ocean. Nearly 70 years later, NASA's vantage point of Earth has advanced dramatically — forever changing the way we see our home planet. As we continue reaching for the stars, training a careful eye on Earth keeps things in perspective.",
"width": 548,
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}
},
{
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"instance": {
"id": 14580,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14580/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Exploring Planet Uranus",
"description": "In one of the least explored regions of our solar system, there is an ice giant that scientists believe can help us unlock some of the remaining mysteries of our universe. This video takes us on a journey there to explore planet Uranus, as well as its rings and moons, highlighting many fascinating features.We also look back on what was discovered by NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft, as well as subsequent findings by ground-based telescopes and the Hubble Space Telescope. The ongoing search for ocean worlds and life beyond Earth makes Uranus an exciting target for the James Webb Space Telescope and for future up-close exploration. || ",
"release_date": "2024-05-13T10:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2024-05-15T23:22:48.529194-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 1091904,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014500/a014580/ExploringPlanetUranus_WIDE_Thumbnail_print.jpg",
"filename": "ExploringPlanetUranus_WIDE_Thumbnail_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Original - Widescreen VersionMusic: \"Race Day\" by Ben Beiny (Universal Production Music)Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 432,
"pixels": 442368
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}
},
{
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"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 13166,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13166/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Heliophysics Overview",
"description": "Heliophysics is the study of the Sun, and how it influences the very nature of space — and, in turn, the atmospheres of planets and the technology that exists there. Space is not, as is often believed, completely empty; instead, we live in the extended atmosphere of an active star. Our Sun sends out a steady outpouring of particles and energy -- the solar wind – as well as a constantly writhing magnetic system. This extensive, dynamic solar atmosphere surrounds the Sun, Earth, the planets, and extends far out into the solar system.Studying this system not only helps us understand fundamental information about how the universe works, but also helps protect our technology and astronauts in space. NASA seeks knowledge of near-Earth space, because -- when extreme -- space weather can interfere with our communications, satellites and power grids. The study of the Sun and space can also teach us more about how stars contribute to the habitability of planets throughout the universe.Mapping out this interconnected system requires a holistic study of the Sun’s influence on space, Earth and other planets. NASA has a fleet of spacecraft strategically placed throughout our heliosphere -- from Parker Solar Probe at the Sun observing the very start of the solar wind, to satellites around Earth, to the farthest human-made object, Voyager, which is sending back observations on interstellar space. Each mission is positioned at a critical, well-thought out vantage point to observe and understand the flow of energy and particles throughout the solar system -- all helping us untangle the effects of the star we live with. || ",
"release_date": "2019-04-09T17:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:46:01.784875-04:00",
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"filename": "YOUTUBE_1080_13166_NASAClean_LT_Music_VX-986027_youtube_1080.00045_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "A version with lower thirds and music.",
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"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 13159,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13159/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "5 Things About Interstellar Space",
"description": "5 Things About Interstellar Space || Interstellar_space_thumbnail.jpg (1398x809) [92.2 KB] || Interstellar_space_thumbnail_print.jpg (1024x592) [56.8 KB] || Interstellar_space_thumbnail_searchweb.png (320x180) [52.4 KB] || Interstellar_space_thumbnail_thm.png (80x40) [6.8 KB] || 5ThingsInterstellarFINAL.mp4 (1280x720) [583.2 MB] || 5ThingsInterstellarFINAL.webm (1280x720) [20.0 MB] || 5THINGSABOUTINTERSTELLARSPACE.scc.en_US.srt [3.5 KB] || 5THINGSABOUTINTERSTELLARSPACE.scc.en_US.vtt [3.3 KB] || ",
"release_date": "2019-03-27T10:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:46:03.529270-04:00",
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"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "5 Things About Interstellar Space",
"width": 1398,
"height": 809,
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"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 13161,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13161/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "NASA Science Live: Going Interstellar (Episode 02)",
"description": "NASA Science Live Episode 02: Going InterstellarProgram Aired March 27, 2019 || 13161_NASA_Science_Live_Ep02_youtube_720.00571_print.jpg (1024x576) [86.6 KB] || 13161_NASA_Science_Live_Ep02_youtube_720.00571_searchweb.png (320x180) [81.7 KB] || 13161_NASA_Science_Live_Ep02_youtube_720.00571_thm.png (80x40) [5.7 KB] || 13161_NASA_Science_Live_Ep02_lowres.mp4 (1280x720) [550.7 MB] || 13161_NASA_Science_Live_Ep02_youtube_720.mp4 (1280x720) [3.1 GB] || 13161_NASA_Science_Live_Ep02.mov (1280x720) [20.6 GB] || 13161_NASA_Science_Live_Ep02.webm (960x540) [818.2 MB] || 13161_NASA_Science_Live_Ep02.en_US.srt [53.2 KB] || 13161_NASA_Science_Live_Ep02.en_US.vtt [50.3 KB] || ",
"release_date": "2019-03-27T00:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:46:03.748765-04:00",
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"alt_text": "NASA Science Live Episode 02: Going InterstellarProgram Aired March 27, 2019",
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"id": 12878,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12878/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Jupiter's Great Red Spot Shrinks and Grows",
"description": "NASA scientists have found that not only is Jupiter's Great Red Spot shrinking, but it is actually growing taller and its color is deepening.Music provided by Killer Tracks: \"Moon Leaving\" by Maksim Tyutmanov and Victoria BeitsWatch this video on the NASA.gov Video YouTube channel. || 12878GRSthumbnail_print.jpg (1024x576) [38.9 KB] || 12878GRSthumbnail_searchweb.png (320x180) [29.5 KB] || 12878GRSthumbnail_thm.png (80x40) [3.1 KB] || 12878_GreatRedSpot_YouTubeHD.mp4 (1920x1080) [227.1 MB] || 12878_GreatRedSpot_MASTER.mov (1920x1080) [1.7 GB] || 12878_GreatRedSpot_FacebookHD.mp4 (1920x1080) [182.6 MB] || 12878_GreatRedSpot-Twitter.mp4 (1280x720) [32.9 MB] || 12878_GreatRedSpot_YouTubeHD.webm (1920x1080) [17.1 MB] || 12878GRSthumbnail.tiff (1920x1080) [5.9 MB] || 12878_GreatRedSpot_Captions.en_US.srt [2.5 KB] || 12878_GreatRedSpot_Captions.en_US.vtt [2.5 KB] || ",
"release_date": "2018-03-13T13:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:46:57.309159-04:00",
"main_image": {
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"alt_text": "NASA scientists have found that not only is Jupiter's Great Red Spot shrinking, but it is actually growing taller and its color is deepening.Music provided by Killer Tracks: \"Moon Leaving\" by Maksim Tyutmanov and Victoria BeitsWatch this video on the NASA.gov Video YouTube channel.",
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"instance": {
"id": 12862,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12862/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Hubble Watches Neptune's Dark Storm Die",
"description": "For the first time, NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has captured time-lapse images of a large, dark storm on Neptune shrinking out of existence. A recent Hubble program called Outer Planets Atmosphere Legacy, or OPAL, provides yearly global maps of our gas giant planets, allowing planetary scientists to view changes in formations such as Neptune's dark storms.Read the full story on NASA.gov.View the full image release at HubbleSite.org.Find the science paper here.Additional resources: Neptune imagery - JPL PhotojournalVoyager b-roll - NASA Image and Video LibraryOPAL information and data - OPAL websiteVoyager information - voyager.jpl.nasa.gov || ",
"release_date": "2018-02-15T12:55:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-02T11:16:59.943249-05:00",
"main_image": {
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"filename": "Hubble_Neptune_thumbnail.png",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Music credit: \"Struggling in the City\" by Emre Ramazanoglu [PRS], Jamie Michael Bradley Reddington [PRS], and Patrick Green [PRS]; Atmosphere Music Ltd [PRS]; BLOCK; Killer Tracks Production Music",
"width": 1920,
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"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 12639,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12639/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Where is the Edge of the Solar System?",
"description": "Complete transcript available.Music credit: Dream Girl 3 by Yuri Sazonoff || EdgeofSolarSystem_ThumbnailOption2_print.jpg (1024x576) [252.4 KB] || EdgeofSolarSystem_ThumbnailOption2.png (3840x2160) [14.7 MB] || EdgeofSolarSystem_ThumbnailOption2_thm.png (80x40) [7.0 KB] || EdgeofSolarSystem_ThumbnailOption2_searchweb.png (320x180) [115.1 KB] || 12639_EdgeofSolarSystem_Final_24fps_v02_VX-718267_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [28.8 MB] || 12639_EdgeofSolarSystem_Final_24fps_v02_VX-718267_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [28.8 MB] || YOUTUBE_1080_12639_EdgeofSolarSystem_Final_24fps_v02_VX-718267_youtube_1080.webm (1920x1080) [7.2 MB] || TWITTER_720_12639_EdgeofSolarSystem_Final_24fps_v02_VX-718267_twitter_720.mp4 (1280x720) [12.3 MB] || YOUTUBE_1080_12639_EdgeofSolarSystem_Final_24fps_v02_VX-718267_youtube_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [95.1 MB] || FACEBOOK_720_12639_EdgeofSolarSystem_Final_24fps_v02_VX-718267_facebook_720.mp4 (1280x720) [70.5 MB] || YOUTUBE_720_12639_EdgeofSolarSystem_Final_24fps_v02_VX-718267_youtube_720.mp4 (1280x720) [96.0 MB] || PRORES_B-ROLL_12639_EdgeofSolarSystem_Final_24fps_v02_VX-718267_prores.mov (1280x720) [403.5 MB] || 12639_Edge_of_the_Solar_System.en_US.srt [810 bytes] || 12639_Edge_of_the_Solar_System.en_US.vtt [823 bytes] || YOUTUBE_4K_12639_EdgeofSolarSystem_Final_24fps_v02_VX-718267_youtube_4k.mp4 (3840x2160) [246.9 MB] || 12639_EdgeofSolarSystem_Final_24fps_v02_VX-718267_lowres.mp4 (480x272) [9.5 MB] || 12639_EdgeofSolarSystem_Final_24fps_v02_VX-718267_youtube_hq.mov (3840x2160) [1.8 GB] || 12639_EdgeofSolarSystem_Final_24fps_v02.mov (3840x2160) [3.0 GB] || 12639_EdgeofSolarSystem_Final_2997fps_v02.mov (3840x2160) [3.7 GB] || ",
"release_date": "2017-09-05T10:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:47:23.709732-04:00",
"main_image": {
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"filename": "EdgeofSolarSystem_ThumbnailOption2_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Complete transcript available.Music credit: Dream Girl 3 by Yuri Sazonoff",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
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}
},
{
"id": 518735,
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"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 12687,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12687/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "NASA and ESA Spacecraft Track a Solar Storm Through Space",
"description": "This animation follows the October 14, 2014 CME as it moves through the solar system and identifies a few of the NASA and ESA missions that observed it.Music: “Comely\" from FelicityWritten and produced by Lars LeonhardWatch this video on the NASA.gov Video YouTube channel.Complete transcript available. || CME_Solar_System_Still.jpg (3840x2160) [555.5 KB] || CME_Solar_System_Still_searchweb.png (320x180) [38.4 KB] || CME_Solar_System_Still_thm.png (80x40) [4.0 KB] || 12687_CME_Solar_System_1080p.mov (1920x1080) [90.8 MB] || 12687_CME_Solar_System_FINAL_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [71.7 MB] || 12687_CME_Solar_System_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [10.4 MB] || 12687_CME_Solar_System_FINAL_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [71.7 MB] || FACEBOOK_720_12687_CME_Solar_System_FINAL_facebook_720.mp4 (1280x720) [158.9 MB] || 12687_CME_Solar_System_SRT_Captions.en_US.srt [1.2 KB] || 12687_CME_Solar_System_SRT_Captions.en_US.vtt [1.2 KB] || 12687_CME_Solar_System_-4K.mov (3840x2160) [287.7 MB] || 12687_CME_Solar_System_Apple_Devices_4K.m4v (3840x2160) [340.2 MB] || YOUTUBE_4K_12687_CME_Solar_System_FINAL_youtube_4k.mp4 (3840x2160) [627.2 MB] || 12687_CME_Solar_System_ProRes_3840x2160_2997.mov (3840x2160) [2.5 GB] || ",
"release_date": "2017-08-15T12:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2019-08-28T09:56:23-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 411982,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012600/a012687/CME_Solar_System_Still_searchweb.png",
"filename": "CME_Solar_System_Still_searchweb.png",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "This animation follows the October 14, 2014 CME as it moves through the solar system and identifies a few of the NASA and ESA missions that observed it.Music: “Comely\" from FelicityWritten and produced by Lars LeonhardWatch this video on the NASA.gov Video YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.",
"width": 320,
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"pixels": 57600
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}
},
{
"id": 518736,
"type": "details_page",
"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 10790,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10790/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Voyager Satellites Find Magnetic Bubbles at Edge of Solar System",
"description": "The sun's magnetic field spins opposite directions on the north and south poles. These oppositely pointing magnetic fields are separated by a layer of current called the heliospheric current sheet. Due to the tilt of the magnetic axis in relation to the axis of rotation of the Sun, the heliospheric current sheet flaps like a flag in the wind. The flapping current sheet separates regions of oppositely pointing magnetic field, called sectors. As the solar wind speed decreases past the termination shock, the sectors squeeze together, bringing regions of opposite magnetic field closer to each other. The Voyager spacecraft have now found that when the separation of sectors becomes very small, the sectored magnetic field breaks up into a sea of nested \"magnetic bubbles\" in a phenomenon called magnetic reconnection. The region of nested bubbles is carried by the solar wind to the north and south filling out the entire front region of the heliopause and the sector region in the heliosheath.This discovery has prompted a complete revision of what the heliosheath region looks like. The smooth, streamlined look is gone, replaced with a bubbly, frothy outer layer. More animations about the Voyager magnetic bubbles discovery are available. || ",
"release_date": "2011-06-09T12:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:45.657345-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 485547,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010700/a010790/bubbles_Clean1384.jpg",
"filename": "bubbles_Clean1384.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Short narrated video about Voyager bubble region discovery.For complete transcript, click here.",
"width": 1280,
"height": 720,
"pixels": 921600
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}
},
{
"id": 518737,
"type": "details_page",
"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 10654,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10654/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Introduction to the Heliopause",
"description": "Dr. Merav Opher talks about the heliopause, the distant region where the solar wind collides with the interstellar medium. She is an astrophysicist and an associate professor of physics and astronomy at George Mason University. These short videos were produced for the Sun-Earth Connection Education Forum and the Space Weather Media Viewer. The Space Weather Media Viewer is an application built to support Education and Public Outreach activities of NASA. Many of the images that appear in this viewer are \"near-real time\" and come from a variety of NASA Missions. || ",
"release_date": "2010-09-22T00:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2019-06-18T11:06:10-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 490058,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010600/a010654/Heliopause_Segment_1_SVS.00777_print.jpg",
"filename": "Heliopause_Segment_1_SVS.00777_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "What is the heliopause?For complete transcript, click here.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
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}
},
{
"id": 518738,
"type": "details_page",
"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 10411,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10411/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "The Top 5 Solar Discoveries",
"description": "A countdown of the top 5 solar discoveries from the Sun-Earth Connection Education Forum. These include the discoveries of sunspots, the solar cycle, the heliosphere, aurora formation, and space weather. || ",
"release_date": "2009-03-18T00:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:52.479515-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 499491,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010400/a010411/SED_WS_Top_5_Intro_and_No_5_ipod_640x360.01352_print.jpg",
"filename": "SED_WS_Top_5_Intro_and_No_5_ipod_640x360.01352_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "An introduction plus Number 5 in the Top 5 Solar Discoveries, which include the discovery of sunspots by Galileo in 1609.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
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}
}
],
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{
"id": 379836,
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"widget": "Tile gallery",
"title": "Voyager Science Findings",
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"items": [
{
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"instance": {
"id": 14317,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14317/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "NASA Missions Probe What May Be a 1-In-10,000-Year Gamma-ray Burst",
"description": "The Hubble Space Telescope’s Wide Field Camera 3 revealed the infrared afterglow (circled) of the BOAT GRB and its host galaxy, seen nearly edge-on as a sliver of light extending to the burst's upper left. This animation flips between images taken on Nov. 8 and Dec. 4, 2022, one and two months after the eruption. Given its brightness, the burst’s afterglow may remain detectable by telescopes for several years. Each picture combines three near-infrared images taken at wavelengths from 1 to 1.5 microns and is 34 arcseconds across. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, A. Levan (Radboud University); Image Processing: Gladys Kober || GRB_WFC3IR1108+1204_circled.gif (512x512) [3.5 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2023-03-28T13:50:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T11:43:38.257753-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 842157,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014300/a014317/GRB_all_rings_XMM_2160_searchweb.png",
"filename": "GRB_all_rings_XMM_2160_searchweb.png",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "XMM-Newton images recorded 20 dust rings, 19 of which are shown here in arbitrary colors. This composite merges observations made two and five days after GRB 221009A erupted. Dark stripes indicate gaps between the detectors. A detailed analysis shows that the widest ring visible here, comparable to the apparent size of a full moon, came from dust clouds located about 1,300 light-years away. The innermost ring arose from dust at a distance of 61,000 light-years on the other side of our galaxy. GRB221009A is only the seventh gamma-ray burst to display X-ray rings, and it triples the number previously seen around one.Credit: ESA/XMM-Newton/M. Rigoselli (INAF)",
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{
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"id": 20363,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20363/",
"page_type": "Animation",
"title": "Animation: Heliosphere",
"description": "The sun sends out a constant flow of charged particles called the solar wind, which ultimately travels past all the planets to some three times the distance to Pluto before being impeded by the interstellar medium. This forms a giant bubble around the sun and its planets, known as the heliosphere. NASA studies the heliosphere to better understand the fundamental physics of the space surrounding us - which, in turn, provides information regarding space throughout the rest of the universe, as well as regarding what makes planets habitable.The solar wind is a gas of charged particles known as plasma, a state of matter governed by its own set physical laws just as the more common solids, liquids, and gases are. As the solar wind sweeps out into space, it creates a space environment filled with radiation as well as magnetic fields that trail all the way back to the sun. This space environment is augmented by interstellar cosmic rays and occasional concentrated clouds of solar material that burst off the sun, known as coronal mass ejections.This complex environment surrounds the planets and ultimately has a crucial effect on the formation, evolution, and destiny of planetary systems. For one thing, our heliosphere acts as a giant shield, protecting the planets from galactic cosmic radiation. Earth is additionally shielded by its own magnetic field, the magnetosphere, which protects us not only from solar and cosmic particle radiation but also from erosion of the atmosphere by the solar wind. Planets without a shielding magnetic field, such as Mars and Venus, are exposed to such processes and have evolved differently.NASA's studies of the heliosphere include research into: how the solar wind behaves near Earth; what causes and sustains magnetic and electric fields around other planets; how does the heliosphere interact with the interstellar medium; what do the boundaries of the heliosphere look like; what is the origin and evolution of the solar wind and the interstellar cosmic rays; and what contributes to the habitability of exoplanets.The field is, therefore, intensely cross-disciplinary. Heliospheric research often works hand in hand with planetary scientists, astrophysicists, astrobiologists, and space weather researchers.NASA heliophysics missions contributing to heliospheric research are: the Advanced Composition Explorer; NOAA's Deep Space Climate Observatory, the Interstellar Boundary Explorer, the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory; Voyager, and Wind. || ",
"release_date": "2022-03-09T18:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-06-23T00:18:39.136923-04:00",
"main_image": {
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"filename": "H_0322_HeliopauseCycle_v01.00680_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "A conceptual animation showing the heliosphere — the vast bubble that is generated by the Sun’s magnetic field and envelops all the planets. ",
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}
},
{
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"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 12672,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12672/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Saturn's Rings Are Disappearing",
"description": "Scientists from NASA Goddard have discovered that not only are Saturn's rings younger than previously thought, but also that the rings are actually disappearing at a rapid pace through a process called \"ring rain.\" Learn more about this phenomena in this animated video.Video narrated by: Jerome HruskaMusic Provided by Killer Tracks: \"The Butterfly Effect\" - Gresby Race NashWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || SaturnRingRainThumbnail1.jpg (1920x1080) [591.1 KB] || SaturnRingRainThumbnail2.jpg (1920x1080) [530.2 KB] || SaturnRingRainThumbnail1_searchweb.png (320x180) [56.1 KB] || SaturnRingRainThumbnail1_thm.png (80x40) [3.6 KB] || 12672_SaturnRingsDisappearing_Twitter.mp4 (1280x720) [27.1 MB] || 12672_SaturnRingsDisappearing_YouTubeHD.webm (1920x1080) [13.7 MB] || 12672_SaturnRingsDisappearing_YouTubeHD.mp4 (1920x1080) [187.2 MB] || 12672_SaturnRingsDisappearing_Facebook.mp4 (1920x1080) [144.4 MB] || SaturnRingsDisappearingCaptions.en_US.srt [2.3 KB] || SaturnRingsDisappearingCaptions.en_US.vtt [2.3 KB] || 12672_SaturnRingsDisappearing_MASTER.mov (1920x1080) [1.6 GB] || ",
"release_date": "2018-12-17T11:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:46:10.532296-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 398046,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012600/a012672/SaturnRingRainThumbnail1.jpg",
"filename": "SaturnRingRainThumbnail1.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Scientists from NASA Goddard have discovered that not only are Saturn's rings younger than previously thought, but also that the rings are actually disappearing at a rapid pace through a process called \"ring rain.\" Learn more about this phenomena in this animated video.Video narrated by: Jerome HruskaMusic Provided by Killer Tracks: \"The Butterfly Effect\" - Gresby Race NashWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080,
"pixels": 2073600
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}
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{
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"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 12670,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12670/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Voyager 2 Leaves the Heliosphere",
"description": "Animated graph of Voyager 2's Cosmic Ray Subsystem (CRS) data, showing the abrupt change as it left the heliosphere. || V2AnimatedGraph16x9_2_print.jpg (1024x576) [124.7 KB] || V2AnimatedGraph16x9_2.jpg (3840x2160) [1.0 MB] || V2AnimatedGraph16x9_2_searchweb.png (320x180) [70.9 KB] || V2AnimatedGraph16x9_2_thm.png (80x40) [5.1 KB] || V2AnimatedGraph16x9_3_date_ProRes_3840x2160.webm (3840x2160) [2.0 MB] || V2AnimatedGraph16x9_3_date_ProRes_3840x2160.mov (3840x2160) [718.6 MB] || V2AnimatedGraph16x9_3_date.mp4 (3840x2160) [19.2 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2018-12-10T11:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:46:13.390894-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 398067,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012600/a012670/V2AnimatedGraph16x9_2_print.jpg",
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"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Animated graph of Voyager 2's Cosmic Ray Subsystem (CRS) data, showing the abrupt change as it left the heliosphere.",
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"instance": {
"id": 4559,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4559/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Kepler Stares at Neptune",
"description": "In late 2014 and early 2015, NASA's Kepler telescope observed the eighth planet in our solar system, Neptune. Kepler detected Neptune's daily rotation, the movement of clouds, and even minute changes in the sun's brightness, paving the way for future studies of weather and climate beyond our solar system. Complete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Music Provided by Killer Tracks:\"Lost Contact\" – Adam Salkeld & Neil Pollard\"Processing Thoughts\" – Theo Golding || Neptune-Triton-Zoom-Thumbnail.jpg (1920x1080) [1.2 MB] || 4559_Kepler_Neptune_Twitter_720.mp4 (1280x720) [30.6 MB] || WEBM-4559_Kepler_Neptune_APR.webm (960x540) [58.6 MB] || Neptune-Triton-Zoom-Thumbnail_Big.tiff (1920x1080) [11.9 MB] || 4559_Kepler_Neptune_Facebook_720.mp4 (1280x720) [173.0 MB] || 4559_Kepler_Neptune_Captions_Output.en_US.srt [2.8 KB] || 4559_Kepler_Neptune_Captions_Output.en_US.vtt [2.9 KB] || 4559_Kepler_Neptune_APR.mov (1920x1080) [1.9 GB] || 4559_Kepler_Neptune_APR_4444.mov (1920x1080) [4.1 GB] || 4559_Kepler_Neptune_APR.mov.hwshow [205 bytes] || ",
"release_date": "2017-04-27T10:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-05T23:19:55.258525-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 414629,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004500/a004559/zoomin.0324_print.jpg",
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"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Beginning with a view from above the inner solar system that shows Kepler's orbit, the camera flies to Kepler and then looks along the Kepler telescope's line of sight. Zooming into the Kepler field reveals Neptune and some of its moons.",
"width": 1024,
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{
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"instance": {
"id": 12375,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12375/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Hubble Directly Images Possible Plumes on Europa",
"description": "NASA's Hubble Space Telescope took direct ultraviolet images of the icy moon Europa transiting across the disk of Jupiter. Out of ten observations, Hubble saw what may be water vapor plumes on three of the images. This adds another piece of supporting evidence to the existence of water vapor plumes on Europa - Hubble also detected spectroscopic signatures of water vapor in 2012. The existence of water vapor plumes could provide NASA's Europa flyby mission the opportunity to study the conditions and habitability of Europa's subsurface ocean.Read the full nasa.gov story here: http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-hubble-spots-possible-water-plumes-erupting-on-jupiters-moon-europaRead the full science paper here: http://hubblesite.org/pubinfo/pdf/2016/33/pdf.pdfFull details on the images can be found on HubbleSite.org: http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2016/33/Additional Resources:JPL's \"Europa: Tempting Target for Future Exploration\" video file is downloadable here: https://vimeo.com/118505538Read the Dec 2013 press release about Hubble's previous observations of Europa here: http://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/hubble-europa-water-vapor || ",
"release_date": "2016-09-26T14:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2024-08-16T14:07:19.227642-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 419964,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012300/a012375/Hubble_Europa_thumbnail.png",
"filename": "Hubble_Europa_thumbnail.png",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Web VideoMusic credit: \"Next Generation\" by Enrico Cacace [BMI]; Atmosphere Music Ltd PRS; Volta Music; Killer Tracks Production MusicWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080,
"pixels": 2073600
}
}
},
{
"id": 518752,
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"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 30706,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30706/",
"page_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
"title": "Io in Motion",
"description": "Io a moon of Jupiter in motion || io_in_motion_grid_1280x720_print.jpg (1024x576) [42.0 KB] || io_in_motion_grid_1280x720_searchweb.png (180x320) [31.9 KB] || io_in_motion_grid_1280x720_web.png (320x180) [31.9 KB] || io_in_motion_grid_1280x720_thm.png (80x40) [3.0 KB] || io_in_motion_grid_1280x720.mp4 (1280x720) [2.2 MB] || io_in_motion_grid_1280x720.webm (1280x720) [1.7 MB] || io_in_motion_grid_4096x2304.mp4 (4104x2304) [15.3 MB] || 4104x2304_16x9_30p (4104x2304) [0 Item(s)] || io_in_motion_grid.key [4.3 MB] || io_in_motion_grid.pptx [2.8 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2015-10-28T12:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-02-03T00:43:48.173566-05:00",
"main_image": {
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"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a030000/a030700/a030706/io_in_motion_grid_1280x720_print.jpg",
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"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Io a moon of Jupiter in motion",
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}
},
{
"id": 518753,
"type": "details_page",
"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 11533,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11533/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Moon Makeover",
"description": "Jupiter's moon Ganymede, the largest moon in the solar system, has a rich and intricate geologic history. Roughly two billion years ago, tectonic forces shifted chunks of the moon’s crust, producing extensive faults and ridges that stretched across its icy plains. Other landforms were created over the past four billion years, including legions of craters formed from bombardment by asteroids, meteoroids and comets. Using images collected by NASA's Voyager and Galileo spacecraft, scientists examined nearly every square mile of Ganymede—a sphere bigger than the planet Mercury—and generated a color-coded map that visualizes the age and type of material found on its surface. Watch the video to see a colorful new view of this distant world. || ",
"release_date": "2014-05-15T00:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:54.951087-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 455165,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011500/a011533/cover-1024.jpg",
"filename": "cover-1024.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "To explore Ganymede’s past, scientists brighten its hue.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
}
},
{
"id": 518754,
"type": "details_page",
"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 11465,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11465/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Visions Of Jupiter",
"description": "At about 89,000 miles in diameter, Jupiter could swallow 1,000 Earths. It is the largest planet in the solar system and perhaps the most majestic. Vibrant bands of clouds carried by winds that can exceed 400 mph continuously circle the planet's atmosphere. Such winds sustain spinning anticyclones like the Great Red Spot—a raging storm three and a half times the size of Earth located in Jupiter’s southern hemisphere. In January and February 1979, NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft zoomed toward Jupiter, capturing hundreds of images during its approach. The observations revealed many unique features of the planet that are still being explored to this day. Watch the video to see a time-lapse of Jupiter assembled from images taken by the spacecraft. || ",
"release_date": "2014-03-18T00:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:51:05.252699-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 457177,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011400/a011465/c-1024.jpg",
"filename": "c-1024.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Explore views of the planet captured by NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
}
},
{
"id": 518755,
"type": "details_page",
"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 30474,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30474/",
"page_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
"title": "Voyager 1 Exits Heliosphere",
"description": "At 122 times our distance from the sun, NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft is the first human-made object to leave the heliosphere, the far-reaching extended atmosphere of the sun. Launched in 1997, Voyager 1 is traveling away from Earth at a speed of about 340 million miles (540 million kilometers) per year. In the summer of 2012, Voyager 1 started its journey into interstellar space, or the space between stars. This artist's concept depicts Voyager 1 exiting the heliosphere and entering the interstellar medium (brown hue at the top of the image). When Voyager 1’s Plasma Wave Subsystem detects vibrations it allows scientists to characterize the plasma, or ionized gas, the spacecraft is embedded in. From October to November 2012 and again from April to May 2013, Voyager 1's plasma wave instrument detected vibrations caused by previous explosions on the sun. The inset graph shows the frequency of the waves, which is directly related to the plasma density. The high density clearly indicates that Voyager 1 is embedded in “cold” interstellar plasma, left over from the death of nearby giant stars millions of years ago, which dominates interstellar space. Through extrapolation of measured plasma densities from both events, teams of scientists determined that Voyager 1 first entered interstellar space in the summer of 2012. To listen to the audio version of the oscillations detected by Voyager 1, visit: www.nasa.gov/voyager. Its increasing pitch indicates increasing interstellar plasma density over time.Used in 2014 Calendar. || ",
"release_date": "2013-11-01T12:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2024-10-10T00:21:06.052760-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 430032,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a030000/a030400/a030474/voyager1_exits_heliosphere_cal_print.jpg",
"filename": "voyager1_exits_heliosphere_cal_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Artist's concept depicts Voyager 1 entering the interstellar medium.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
}
},
{
"id": 518756,
"type": "details_page",
"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 30343,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30343/",
"page_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
"title": "Neptune Full Disc",
"description": "This picture of Neptune was produced from the last whole planet images taken through the green and orange filters on the Voyager 2 narrow angle camera. The images were taken at a range of 4.4 million miles from the planet, 4 days and 20 hours before closest approach. The picture shows the Great Dark Spot and its companion bright smudge; on the west limb the fast moving bright feature called Scooter and the little dark spot are visible. These clouds were seen to persist for as long as Voyager's cameras could resolve them. North of these, a bright cloud band similar to the south polar streak may be seen.The Voyager Mission is conducted by JPL for NASA's Office of Space Science and Applications. || ",
"release_date": "2013-10-22T12:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2024-10-10T00:20:19.748291-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 429459,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a030000/a030300/a030343/neptune-voyager2_print.jpg",
"filename": "neptune-voyager2_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "A Neptune full disk view taken by the Voyager 2 narrow angle camera.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 1022,
"pixels": 1046528
}
}
},
{
"id": 518757,
"type": "details_page",
"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 30356,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30356/",
"page_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
"title": "Uranus in True and False Color",
"description": "These two pictures of Uranus — one in true color (left) and the other in false color — were compiled from images returned Jan. 17, 1986, by the narrow-angle camera of Voyager 2. The spacecraft was 9.1 million kilometers (5.7 million miles) from the planet, several days from closest approach. The picture at left has been processed to show Uranus as human eyes would see it from the vantage point of the spacecraft. The picture is a composite of images taken through blue, green and orange filters. The darker shadings at the upper right of the disk correspond to the day-night boundary on the planet. Beyond this boundary lies the hidden northern hemisphere of Uranus, which currently remains in total darkness as the planet rotates. The blue-green color results from the absorption of red light by methane gas in Uranus' deep, cold and remarkably clear atmosphere. The picture at right uses false color and extreme contrast enhancement to bring out subtle details in the polar region of Uranus. Images obtained through ultraviolet, violet and orange filters were respectively converted to the same blue, green and red colors used to produce the picture at left. The very slight contrasts visible in true color are greatly exaggerated here. In this false-color picture, Uranus reveals a dark polar hood surrounded by a series of progressively lighter concentric bands. One possible explanation is that a brownish haze or smog, concentrated over the pole, is arranged into bands by zonal motions of the upper atmosphere. The bright orange and yellow strip at the lower edge of the planet's limb is an artifact of the image enhancement. In fact, the limb is dark and uniform in color around the planet. The Voyager project is managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. || ",
"release_date": "2013-10-22T12:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2024-07-15T00:15:22.017915-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 429515,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a030000/a030300/a030356/uranus-voyager2_print.jpg",
"filename": "uranus-voyager2_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "",
"width": 1024,
"height": 512,
"pixels": 524288
}
}
},
{
"id": 518758,
"type": "details_page",
"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 11349,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11349/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Supersonic Wind",
"description": "Neptune, the eighth and farthest planet from the sun, has the strongest winds in the solar system. At high altitudes speeds can exceed 1,100 mph. That is 1.5 times faster than the speed of sound. In 1989, NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft made the first and only close-up observations of Neptune. Detailed images taken by the spacecraft revealed bright, white clouds and two colossal storms whipping around the planet's atmosphere. Neptune is a gas giant composed primarily of hydrogen and helium. Methane gas makes up only one or two percent of the atmosphere but absorbs longer wavelengths of sunlight in the red part of the spectrum, giving the planet its brilliant blue color. Watch the video to see a composite time-lapse assembled from Voyager 2 images of Neptune. || ",
"release_date": "2013-09-12T00:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:51:52.408919-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 462346,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011300/a011349/cover-1024.jpg",
"filename": "cover-1024.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Winds on Neptune travel faster than the speed of sound.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
}
},
{
"id": 518759,
"type": "details_page",
"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 10866,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10866/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Bubbles At The Edge Of The Solar System",
"description": "After a three-decade journey away from Earth, the two Voyager spacecraft are approaching the outer edges of the solar system. To scientists' surprise, the satellites have revealed a region vastly different than previously modeled. The solar system's boundary is defined by a steady stream of particles known as the solar wind. The solar wind shoots out from the sun until it pushes up against the galactic medium and slows down at a line called the termination shock. Beyond this lies the heliosheath, where the solar wind's journey stops completely. Scientists thought the solar wind turned back smoothly at this point, sweeping back around the outskirts of the solar system. As seen in the video below, Voyager now shows that solar wind hits the heliosheath and piles up into a frothy layer filled with magnetic bubbles. This layer must have an affect on how intense energetic particles from the rest of the universe, called cosmic rays, make it into our solar system. But scientists have yet to figure out if the bubbles help stop the bulk of the rays, or are the prime factor that allows them to enter. || ",
"release_date": "2011-11-24T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:27.068327-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 480811,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010866/87_STILL3_1024x576.jpg",
"filename": "87_STILL3_1024x576.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "NASA's two Voyager spacecraft reveal the frothy border of the solar system.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
}
},
{
"id": 518760,
"type": "details_page",
"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 10846,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10846/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) Blast Their Way Through the Solar System",
"description": "A coronal mass ejection erupts from the Sun and propagates out through the Solar System. Along the way it is detected by the spacecraft at Jupiter and Saturn. Eventually it is detected by the two Voyager spacecraft beyond the orbit of Pluto. This animation is based on CMEs produced during the Halloween storms of 2003. It is an update to a previous animation. || ",
"release_date": "2011-10-18T12:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:34.449480-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 482809,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010846/CME_Thru_System_Still.jpg",
"filename": "CME_Thru_System_Still.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Animation with no labels.",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080,
"pixels": 2073600
}
}
},
{
"id": 518742,
"type": "details_page",
"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 3614,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3614/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Jupiter Cloud Sequence from Voyager 2",
"description": "When the Voyager 2 mission flew by the planet Jupiter in July of 1979, a sequence of full disk images were taken of the planet. Assembled with proper spatial and temporal registration, the sequence could produce fourteen distinct images suitable for wrapping around a sphere.But the time steps between images were large and exhibited significant jumping and data gaps. The solution was to create additional images between the existing set by interpolation. But simple interpolation would not work due to significant changes between the images.To solve this, we interpolated between the images using the velocity vector field of the cloud images. The velocity vector field was computed by performing a 2-dimensional cross-correlation (Wikipedia: Cross-correlation) between the images. This velocity field was checked against Jupiter velocity profiles from the scientific literature and agreement was excellent. With the addition of a simple vortex flow at the location of the Great Red Spot, the interpolation process was used to generate intermediate images, increasing the total number of images from 14 to 220 and resulting in a smoother animation.IMPORTANT NOTE: These images are for visualization purposes only. They are not suitable for scientific analysis. || ",
"release_date": "2009-09-21T00:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:37.736339-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 497473,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003600/a003614/voyager2_fill_00.0075.jpg",
"filename": "voyager2_fill_00.0075.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "This is the interpolated sequence of frames for the Voyager 2 flyby.",
"width": 3240,
"height": 1620,
"pixels": 5248800
}
}
},
{
"id": 518741,
"type": "details_page",
"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 3611,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3611/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Jupiter Cloud Sequence from Voyager 1",
"description": "When the Voyager 1 mission flew by the planet Jupiter in March of 1979, a sequence of full disk images were taken of the planet. Assembled with proper spatial and temporal registration, the sequence could produce fourteen distinct images suitable for wrapping around a sphere.But the time steps between images were large and exhibited significant jumping and data gaps. The solution was to create additional images between the existing set by interpolation. But simple interpolation would not work due to significant changes between the images.To solve this, we interpolated between the images using the velocity vector field of the cloud images. The velocity vector field was computed by performing a 2-dimensional cross-correlation (Wikipedia: Cross-correlation) between the images. This velocity field was checked against Jupiter velocity profiles from the scientific literature and agreement was excellent. With the addition of a simple vortex flow at the location of the Great Red Spot, the interpolation process was used to generate intermediate images, increasing the total number of images from 14 to 220 and resulting in a smoother animation.IMPORTANT NOTE: These images are for visualization purposes only. They are not suitable for scientific analysis. || ",
"release_date": "2009-09-21T00:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:37.644816-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 497466,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003600/a003611/voyager1_fill_00.0050.jpg",
"filename": "voyager1_fill_00.0050.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "This is the interpolated sequence of frames for the Voyager 1 flyby.",
"width": 3240,
"height": 1620,
"pixels": 5248800
}
}
},
{
"id": 518761,
"type": "details_page",
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"instance": {
"id": 20132,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20132/",
"page_type": "Animation",
"title": "Voyager 2 Proves Solar System is Squashed",
"description": "As of August 30, 2007, NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft has followed its twin Voyager 1 into the solar system's final frontier, a vast region at the edge of our solar system where the solar wind runs up against the thin gas between the stars. || ",
"release_date": "2008-01-23T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:29.913600-04:00",
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"alt_text": "Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 headed on different paths out of the Solar System toward interstellar space. Traveling at different speeds and in different directions, Voyager 1 encountered the termination shock at 94 astronomical units (AU) and Voyager 2 encountered it at only 84 AU. The result, as seen in this combination of an artist's concept and a researcher's model, is a somewhat 'squashed' picture of the solar system.",
"width": 1024,
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"instance": {
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"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2946/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Europa's Synthetic Subsurface Heat Transport (Version 2)",
"description": "Encounters with Jupiter's moon Europa by the Voyager and Galileo spacecraft indicated that a liquid salty ocean might exist below a layer of surface ice that is up to 10 kilometers thick. An ocean general circulation model developed to study the earth's oceans was used to investigate the tidally-forced ocean circulations on Europa. The orbit of Europa is 'gravity locked' so that the same side of Europa always faces Jupiter as is the case with the earth's moon. The icy surface of Europa heaves up and down 50 meters due to the strong tidal forces. This visualization shows the temperature changes induced from the flow fields calculated for a European ocean 50 kilometers deep. The warmest temperatures tend to be near the equator, not because of heating by the sun, but because the currents in the European ocean move the warmest waters to that location. Understanding the thermal and flow fields from these model runs will help to interpret observations from future missions to Europa such as the Jupiter's Icy Moons Orbiter mission proposed for launch in 2012. || ",
"release_date": "2006-05-15T12:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:54.107668-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 511036,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a002900/a002946/europa_v12.0001.jpg",
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"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Animation zooms up to Europa which then reveals the simulated heat transport occurring underneath the satellite's icy surface.",
"width": 720,
"height": 486,
"pixels": 349920
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}
},
{
"id": 518762,
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"instance": {
"id": 2947,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2947/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Europa's Synthetic Subsurface Heat Transport (Version 1)",
"description": "Under Europa's icy surface are vast extraterrestrial oceans. This conceptual animation depicts simulated heat transport of these subsurface oceans. Please note that the simulated heat transport in this animation is only conceptual and a more accurate representation can be found at animation #2946. || ",
"release_date": "2006-05-15T12:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:54.189936-04:00",
"main_image": {
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"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Conceptual animation depicting simulated heat transport under the surface of Europa.",
"width": 720,
"height": 486,
"pixels": 349920
}
}
},
{
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"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 20043,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20043/",
"page_type": "Animation",
"title": "Coronal Mass Ejections Blast their Way Through the Solar System",
"description": "A coronal mass ejection erupts from the Sun and propagates out through the Solar System. Along the way it is detected by the spacecraft at Jupiter and Saturn. Eventually it is detected by the two Voyager spacecraft beyond the orbit of Pluto. || XflareLRG_pre.00002_print.jpg (1024x768) [90.5 KB] || XflareLRG_pre.jpg (320x240) [65.8 KB] || XFlares_pre.jpg (320x238) [11.3 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_60p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || XflareLRG.webmhd.webm (960x540) [5.4 MB] || CME_SS0001.mp4 (1920x1080) [17.7 MB] || XflareLRG.mpg (720x486) [10.7 MB] || XFlares.mpg (320x240) [7.0 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2004-12-03T12:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2025-02-02T23:21:44.523697-05:00",
"main_image": {
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"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020000/a020043/XFlare1_web.jpg",
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"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "View of the Solar System, showing the Sun, Jupiter and Saturn",
"width": 320,
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},
{
"id": 518764,
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"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 2856,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2856/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Model of the Heliosphere Over the Solar Cycle",
"description": "This magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) model shows how the heliosphere of the Sun might interact with the local interstellar medium (ISM) over the course of a single 11 year solar cycle. The sun (and the orbit of the Earth) is located in the tiny blue region in the center. The ISM is moving from left to right. The solar wind varies from 400 km/s up to 566 km/s and back down to 400 km/s over the cycle in this particular model. The colors are logarithmically scaled to represent temperature, with blue around 10,000 Kelvins (in the undisturbed ISM and the region immediately around the Sun) and red over 1,000,000 Kelvins (corresponding to the bow shocked region in the plasma). The green region around the Sun has a radius that varies between 100-200 Astronomical Units. || ",
"release_date": "2003-11-11T12:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:54.340643-04:00",
"main_image": {
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"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "When the solar wind speed is low, the heliosphere is small.",
"width": 320,
"height": 240,
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}
}
},
{
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"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 8,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/8/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Topological Features of a Compressible Plasma Vortex Sheet: 6 Cases",
"description": "The Voyager and Pioneer Spacecraft have detected large-scale quasi-periodic plasma fluctuations in the outer heliosphere beyond 20 AU. A plasma vortex sheet model can explain these fluctuations and the observed correlations between various physical variables. The large scale outer heliosphere is modeled by solving the 3-D compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations involving three interacting shear layers.Computations were done on a Cray computer at the NASA Center for Computational Sciences.Six cases are animated: Weak magnetic field and strong magnetic field, each at three values of tau, the vortex street characteristic time. Contours of density are shown as dark transparent 'tubes'. Critical points of the velocity field are represented by 'Glyphs'. Vortex cores are shown in orange and blue. || ",
"release_date": "1993-12-17T12:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T14:00:23.321094-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 551317,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a000000/a000008/a000008_1_pre.jpg",
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"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "An animation of a vortex street with a weak magnetic field and a tau of 20",
"width": 320,
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"pixels": 76160
}
}
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{
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"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 9,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/9/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Topological Features of a Compressible Plasma Vortex Sheet - a Model of the Outer Heliospheric Wind",
"description": "The Voyager and Pioneer Spacecraft have detected large-scale quasi-periodic plasma fluctuations in the outer heliosphere beyond 20 AU. A plasma vortex sheet model can explain these fluctuations and the observed correlations between various physical variables. The large scale outer heliosphere is modeled by solving the 3-D compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations involving three interacting shear layers. Computations were done on a Cray computer at the NASA Center for Computational Sciences. Six cases are animated: Weak magnetic field and strong magnetic field, each at three values of tau, the vortex street characteristic time. Contours of densityare shown as dark transparent 'tubes'. Critical points of the velocity field are represented by 'Glyphs'. Vortex cores are shown in orange and blue. || ",
"release_date": "1993-12-17T12:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T14:00:23.425861-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 551352,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a000000/a000009/a000009_pre.jpg",
"filename": "a000009_pre.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "A narrated video describing the results of the plasma vortex street model",
"width": 320,
"height": 238,
"pixels": 76160
}
}
}
],
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},
{
"id": 379837,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/voyager/#media_group_379837",
"widget": "Card gallery",
"title": "Magnetospheres",
"caption": "",
"description": "",
"items": [
{
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"instance": {
"id": 4664,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4664/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Jupiter's Magnetosphere",
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"release_date": "2018-07-27T00:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-06T00:13:17.411790-05:00",
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{
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"instance": {
"id": 4665,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4665/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Saturn's Magnetosphere",
"description": "A basic view of Saturn's magnetosphere. || Saturn_SaturnBasic_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_print.jpg (1024x576) [186.2 KB] || Saturn_SaturnBasic_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_searchweb.png (320x180) [107.8 KB] || Saturn_SaturnBasic_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_thm.png (80x40) [7.1 KB] || SaturnBasic-noglyph (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Saturn_SaturnBasic_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [22.1 MB] || Saturn_SaturnBasic_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [365.5 MB] || SaturnBasic-noglyph (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || Saturn_SaturnBasic_Dayside_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [938.9 MB] || Saturn_SaturnBasic_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow || ",
"release_date": "2018-07-27T00:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-06-23T00:09:00.427394-04:00",
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"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "A basic view of Saturn's magnetosphere.",
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},
{
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"instance": {
"id": 4666,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4666/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Uranus' Magnetosphere",
"description": "A basic view of the Uranian magnetosphere when the rotation axis is perpendicular to the Uranus-Sun line and days and nights are of equal duration. || Uranus_UranusEquinox_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_print.jpg (1024x576) [197.1 KB] || Uranus_UranusEquinox_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_searchweb.png (320x180) [107.3 KB] || Uranus_UranusEquinox_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_thm.png (80x40) [6.8 KB] || UranusEquinox-noglyph (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Uranus_UranusEquinox_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [20.9 MB] || Uranus_UranusEquinox_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [308.1 MB] || UranusEquinox-noglyph (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || Uranus_UranusEquinox_Dayside_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [758.5 MB] || Uranus_UranusEquinox_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [206 bytes] || ",
"release_date": "2018-07-27T00:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-06T00:13:18.731155-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 458789,
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"filename": "Uranus_UranusEquinox_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "A basic view of the Uranian magnetosphere when the rotation axis is perpendicular to the Uranus-Sun line and days and nights are of equal duration.",
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}
},
{
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"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 4667,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4667/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Neptune's Magnetosphere",
"description": "A basic view of the Neptunian magnetosphere when the southern side of the rotation axis is directed sunward (southern summer) || Neptune_NeptuneSouthSummer_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_print.jpg (1024x576) [195.5 KB] || Neptune_NeptuneSouthSummer_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_searchweb.png (320x180) [108.2 KB] || Neptune_NeptuneSouthSummer_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_thm.png (80x40) [6.8 KB] || NeptuneSouthSummer-noglyph (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Neptune_NeptuneSouthSummer_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [21.4 MB] || Neptune_NeptuneSouthSummer_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [328.8 MB] || NeptuneSouthSummer-noglyph (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || Neptune_NeptuneSouthSummer_Dayside_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [820.2 MB] || Neptune_NeptuneSouthSummer_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [212 bytes] || ",
"release_date": "2018-07-27T00:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-06T00:13:19.302128-05:00",
"main_image": {
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"filename": "Neptune_NeptuneSouthSummer_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "A basic view of the Neptunian magnetosphere when the southern side of the rotation axis is directed sunward (southern summer)",
"width": 1024,
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}
}
},
{
"id": 518768,
"type": "details_page",
"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 4141,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4141/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Earth's Magnetosphere",
"description": "Earth's magnetic field creates a 'bubble' around Earth that helps protect our planet from some of the more harmful effects of energetic particles streaming out from the sun in the solar wind. Some of the earliest hints of this interaction go back to the 1850s with the work of Richard Carrington, and in the early 1900s with the work of Kristian Birkeland and Carl Stormer. That this field might form a type of 'bubble' around Earth was hypothesized by Sidney Chapman and Vincent Ferraro in the 1930s. The term 'magnetosphere' was applied to magnetic bubble by Thomas Gold in 1959. But it wasn't until the Space Age, when we sent the first probes to other planets, that we found clear evidence of their magnetic fields (though there were hints of a magnetic field for Jupiter in the 1950s, due to observations from radio telescopes). The Voyager program , two spacecraft launched in 1977, and successors to the Pioneer 10 and 11 missions, completed flybys of the giant outer planets. They became the implementation of the 'Grand Tour' of the outer planets originally proposed in the late 1960s. The Voyagers provided some of the first detailed measurments of the strength, extent and diversity of the magnetospheres of the outer planets.In these visualizations, we present simplified models of these planetary magnetospheres, designed to illustrate their scale, and basic features of their structure and impacts of the magnetic axes offset from the planetary rotation axes. For this Earth visualization, note that the north magnetic pole points out of the southern hemisphere.For these visualizations, the magnetic field structure is represented by gold/copper lines. Some additional glyphs are provided to indicate some key directions in the field model.The Yellow arrow points towards the sun. The magnetotail is pointed in the opposite direction.The Cyan arrow represents the magnetic axis, usually tilted relative to the rotation axis. The arrow indicates the NORTH magnetic pole (convention has field lines moving north to south as the north pole of bar magnet (and compass pointer) points to the south magnetic pole).The Blue arrow represents the north rotation axis. It is part of the 3-D axis glyph (red, green, and blue arrows) included to make the planetary rotation more apparent.The semi-transparent grey mesh in the distance represents the boundary of the magnetosphere.Major satellites of the planetary system are also included. When appropriate for the time window of the visualization, the Voyager flyby trajectories are indicated.The models are constructed by combining the fields of a simple magnetic dipole, a current sheet (whose intensity is tuned match the scale of the magnetotail), and occasionally a ring current. This is a variation of the simple Luhmann-Friesen magnetosphere model. They are meant to be representative of the basic characteristics of the planetary magnetic fields. Some features NOT included are longitudes of magnetic poles to a standard planetary coordinate system and offsets of the dipole center from the planetary center. ReferencesT. Gold, Motions in the Magnetosphere of the EarthLuhmann and Friesen, A simple model of the magnetosphereLASP: Polarity of planetary magnetic fieldsWikipedia: The Solar Storm of 1859Wikipedia: Kristian BirkelandWikipedia: Carl StørmerSpecial thanks to Arik Posner (NASA/HQ) and Gina DiBraccio (UMBC/GSFC) for helpful pointers on orientation of planetary rotation and magnetic axes. || ",
"release_date": "2017-07-12T10:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-05T00:04:50.423504-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 458612,
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"filename": "Earth_Equinox_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1000_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "A simple visualization of Earth's magnetosphere near the time of the equinox.",
"width": 1024,
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}
},
{
"id": 518769,
"type": "details_page",
"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 4142,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4142/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Jupiter's Magnetosphere",
"description": "Earth's magnetic field creates a 'bubble' around Earth that helps protect our planet from some of the more harmful effects of energetic particles streaming out from the sun in the solar wind. Some of the earliest hints of this interaction go back to the 1850s with the work of Richard Carrington, and in the early 1900s with the work of Kristian Birkeland and Carl Stormer. That this field might form a type of 'bubble' around Earth was hypothesized by Sidney Chapman and Vincent Ferraro in the 1930s. The term 'magnetosphere' was applied to magnetic bubble by Thomas Gold in 1959. But it wasn't until the Space Age, when we sent the first probes to other planets, that we found clear evidence of their magnetic fields (though there were hints of a magnetic field for Jupiter in the 1950s, due to observations from radio telescopes). The Voyager program , two spacecraft launched in 1977, and successors to the Pioneer 10 and 11 missions, completed flybys of the giant outer planets. They became the implementation of the 'Grand Tour' of the outer planets originally proposed in the late 1960s. The Voyagers provided some of the first detailed measurments of the strength, extent and diversity of the magnetospheres of the outer planets.In these visualizations, we present simplified models of these planetary magnetospheres, designed to illustrate their scale, and basic features of their structure and impacts of the magnetic axes offset from the planetary rotation axes. The volcanic activity on Jupiter's moon Io launches a large amount of sulfur-based compounds along its orbit, which is subsequently ionized by solar ultraviolet radiation. This is represented in the visualization by the yellowish structure along the orbit of Io. This creates a plasma torus and ring current around Jupiter, which alters the planet's magnetic field, forming some of the perturbations in Jupiter's magnetic field along the orbit of Io.For these visualizations, the magnetic field structure is represented by gold/copper lines. Some additional glyphs are provided to indicate some key directions in the field model.The Yellow arrow points towards the sun. The magnetotail is pointed in the opposite direction.The Cyan arrow represents the magnetic axis, usually tilted relative to the rotation axis. The arrow indicates the NORTH magnetic pole (convention has field lines moving north to south as the north pole of bar magnet (and compass pointer) points to the south magnetic pole).The Blue arrow represents the north rotation axis. It is part of the 3-D axis glyph (red, green, and blue arrows) included to make the planetary rotation more apparent.The semi-transparent grey mesh in the distance represents the boundary of the magnetosphere.Major satellites of the planetary system are also included. When appropriate for the time window of the visualization, the Voyager flyby trajectories are indicated.The models are constructed by combining the fields of a simple magnetic dipole, a current sheet (whose intensity is tuned match the scale of the magnetotail), and occasionally a ring current. This is a variation of the simple Luhmann-Friesen magnetosphere model. They are meant to be representative of the basic characteristics of the planetary magnetic fields. Some features NOT included are longitudes of magnetic poles to a standard planetary coordinate system and offsets of the dipole center from the planetary center. ReferencesT. Gold, Motions in the Magnetosphere of the EarthLuhmann and Friesen, A simple model of the magnetosphereLASP: Polarity of planetary magnetic fieldsWikipedia: The Solar Storm of 1859Wikipedia: Kristian BirkelandWikipedia: Carl StørmerSpecial thanks to Arik Posner (NASA/HQ) and Gina DiBraccio (UMBC/GSFC) for helpful pointers on orientation of planetary rotation and magnetic axes. || ",
"release_date": "2017-07-12T10:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-05T00:04:50.879320-05:00",
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"filename": "Jupiter_JupiterBasic_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1000_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Jupiter's magnetosphere - a basic view.",
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"id": 4143,
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"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Saturn's Magnetosphere",
"description": "Earth's magnetic field creates a 'bubble' around Earth that helps protect our planet from some of the more harmful effects of energetic particles streaming out from the sun in the solar wind. Some of the earliest hints of this interaction go back to the 1850s with the work of Richard Carrington, and in the early 1900s with the work of Kristian Birkeland and Carl Stormer. That this field might form a type of 'bubble' around Earth was hypothesized by Sidney Chapman and Vincent Ferraro in the 1930s. The term 'magnetosphere' was applied to magnetic bubble by Thomas Gold in 1959. But it wasn't until the Space Age, when we sent the first probes to other planets, that we found clear evidence of their magnetic fields (though there were hints of a magnetic field for Jupiter in the 1950s, due to observations from radio telescopes). The Voyager program , two spacecraft launched in 1977, and successors to the Pioneer 10 and 11 missions, completed flybys of the giant outer planets. They became the implementation of the 'Grand Tour' of the outer planets originally proposed in the late 1960s. The Voyagers provided some of the first detailed measurments of the strength, extent and diversity of the magnetospheres of the outer planets.In these visualizations, we present simplified models of these planetary magnetospheres, designed to illustrate their scale, and basic features of their structure and impacts of the magnetic axes offset from the planetary rotation axes. For these visualizations, the magnetic field structure is represented by gold/copper lines. Some additional glyphs are provided to indicate some key directions in the field model.The Yellow arrow points towards the sun. The magnetotail is pointed in the opposite direction.The Cyan arrow represents the magnetic axis, usually tilted relative to the rotation axis. The arrow indicates the NORTH magnetic pole (convention has field lines moving north to south as the north pole of bar magnet (and compass pointer) points to the south magnetic pole).The Blue arrow represents the north rotation axis. It is part of the 3-D axis glyph (red, green, and blue arrows) included to make the planetary rotation more apparent.The semi-transparent grey mesh in the distance represents the boundary of the magnetosphere.Major satellites of the planetary system are also included. When appropriate for the time window of the visualization, the Voyager flyby trajectories are indicated.The models are constructed by combining the fields of a simple magnetic dipole, a current sheet (whose intensity is tuned match the scale of the magnetotail), and occasionally a ring current. This is a variation of the simple Luhmann-Friesen magnetosphere model. They are meant to be representative of the basic characteristics of the planetary magnetic fields. Some features NOT included are longitudes of magnetic poles to a standard planetary coordinate system and offsets of the dipole center from the planetary center. ReferencesT. Gold, Motions in the Magnetosphere of the EarthLuhmann & Friesen, A simple model of the magnetosphereLASP: Polarity of planetary magnetic fieldsWikipedia: The Solar Storm of 1859Wikipedia: Kristian BirkelandWikipedia: Carl StørmerSpecial thanks to Arik Posner (NASA/HQ) and Gina DiBraccio (UMBC/GSFC) for helpful pointers on orientation of planetary rotation and magnetic axes. || ",
"release_date": "2017-07-12T10:01:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-06-23T00:04:38.521535-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 458659,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004100/a004143/Saturn_SaturnBasic_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_print.jpg",
"filename": "Saturn_SaturnBasic_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "A basic view of Saturn's magnetosphere.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
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}
}
},
{
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"type": "details_page",
"extra_data": null,
"instance": {
"id": 4144,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4144/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Uranus' Magnetosphere",
"description": "Earth's magnetic field creates a 'bubble' around Earth that helps protect our planet from some of the more harmful effects of energetic particles streaming out from the sun in the solar wind. Some of the earliest hints of this interaction go back to the 1850s with the work of Richard Carrington, and in the early 1900s with the work of Kristian Birkeland and Carl Stormer. That this field might form a type of 'bubble' around Earth was hypothesized by Sidney Chapman and Vincent Ferraro in the 1930s. The term 'magnetosphere' was applied to magnetic bubble by Thomas Gold in 1959. But it wasn't until the Space Age, when we sent the first probes to other planets, that we found clear evidence of their magnetic fields (though there were hints of a magnetic field for Jupiter in the 1950s, due to observations from radio telescopes). The Voyager program , two spacecraft launched in 1977, and successors to the Pioneer 10 and 11 missions, completed flybys of the giant outer planets. They became the implementation of the 'Grand Tour' of the outer planets originally proposed in the late 1960s. The Voyagers provided some of the first detailed measurments of the strength, extent and diversity of the magnetospheres of the outer planets.In these visualizations, we present simplified models of these planetary magnetospheres, designed to illustrate their scale, and basic features of their structure and impacts of the magnetic axes offset from the planetary rotation axes. The rotation axis of Uranus is tilted over ninety degrees relative to the revolution axis of the solar system, placing it roughly in the plane of the solar system. In addition, the magnetic axis has a large tilt relative to the rotation axis. These effects combine to not only give Uranus a more a more variable magnetosphere, but suggest the planet's magnetic field may be generated by a different mechanism than that of Earth, Jupiter and Saturn.For these visualizations, the magnetic field structure is represented by gold/copper lines. Some additional glyphs are provided to indicate some key directions in the field model.The Yellow arrow points towards the sun. The magnetotail is pointed in the opposite direction.The Cyan arrow represents the magnetic axis, usually tilted relative to the rotation axis. The arrow indicates the NORTH magnetic pole (convention has field lines moving north to south as the north pole of bar magnet (and compass pointer) points to the south magnetic pole).The Blue arrow represents the north rotation axis. It is part of the 3-D axis glyph (red, green, and blue arrows) included to make the planetary rotation more apparent.The semi-transparent grey mesh in the distance represents the boundary of the magnetosphere.Major satellites of the planetary system are also included. When appropriate for the time window of the visualization, the Voyager flyby trajectories are indicated.The models are constructed by combining the fields of a simple magnetic dipole, a current sheet (whose intensity is tuned match the scale of the magnetotail), and occasionally a ring current. This is a variation of the simple Luhmann-Friesen magnetosphere model. They are meant to be representative of the basic characteristics of the planetary magnetic fields. Some features NOT included are longitudes of magnetic poles to a standard planetary coordinate system and offsets of the dipole center from the planetary center. ReferencesT. Gold, Motions in the Magnetosphere of the EarthLuhmann & Friesen, A simple model of the magnetosphereMagnetic reconnection at Uranus' magnetopauseLASP: Polarity of planetary magnetic fieldsWikipedia: The Solar Storm of 1859Wikipedia: Kristian BirkelandWikipedia: Carl StørmerSpecial thanks to Arik Posner (NASA/HQ) and Gina DiBraccio (UMBC/GSFC) for helpful pointers on orientation of planetary rotation and magnetic axes. || ",
"release_date": "2017-07-12T10:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-05T00:04:51.660844-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 458685,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004100/a004144/Uranus_UranusEquinox_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_print.jpg",
"filename": "Uranus_UranusEquinox_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "A basic view of the Uranian magnetosphere when the rotation axis is perpendicular to the Uranus-Sun line and days and nights are of equal duration.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
}
},
{
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"type": "details_page",
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"instance": {
"id": 4145,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4145/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Neptune's Magnetosphere",
"description": "Earth's magnetic field creates a 'bubble' around Earth that helps protect our planet from some of the more harmful effects of energetic particles streaming out from the sun in the solar wind. Some of the earliest hints of this interaction go back to the 1850s with the work of Richard Carrington, and in the early 1900s with the work of Kristian Birkeland and Carl Stormer. That this field might form a type of 'bubble' around Earth was hypothesized by Sidney Chapman and Vincent Ferraro in the 1930s. The term 'magnetosphere' was applied to magnetic bubble by Thomas Gold in 1959. But it wasn't until the Space Age, when we sent the first probes to other planets, that we found clear evidence of their magnetic fields (though there were hints of a magnetic field for Jupiter in the 1950s, due to observations from radio telescopes). The Voyager program , two spacecraft launched in 1977, and successors to the Pioneer 10 and 11 missions, completed flybys of the giant outer planets. They became the implementation of the 'Grand Tour' of the outer planets originally proposed in the late 1960s. The Voyagers provided some of the first detailed measurments of the strength, extent and diversity of the magnetospheres of the outer planets.In these visualizations, we present simplified models of these planetary magnetospheres, designed to illustrate their scale, and basic features of their structure and impacts of the magnetic axes offset from the planetary rotation axes. The rotation axis of Neptune is highly tilted relative to the revolution axis of the solar system, but nowhere near as extreme as Uranus. It's magnetic axis also has a large tilt relative to the rotation axis. These effects combine to not only give Uranus a more a more variable magnetosphere, but suggest the planet's magnetic field may be generated by a different mechanism than that of Earth, Jupiter and Saturn.For these visualizations, the magnetic field structure is represented by gold/copper lines. Some additional glyphs are provided to indicate some key directions in the field model.The Yellow arrow points towards the sun. The magnetotail is pointed in the opposite direction.The Cyan arrow represents the magnetic axis, usually tilted relative to the rotation axis. The arrow indicates the NORTH magnetic pole (convention has field lines moving north to south as the north pole of bar magnet (and compass pointer) points to the south magnetic pole).The Blue arrow represents the north rotation axis. It is part of the 3-D axis glyph (red, green, and blue arrows) included to make the planetary rotation more apparent.The semi-transparent grey mesh in the distance represents the boundary of the magnetosphere.Major satellites of the planetary system are also included. When appropriate for the time window of the visualization, the Voyager flyby trajectories are indicated.The models are constructed by combining the fields of a simple magnetic dipole, a current sheet (whose intensity is tuned match the scale of the magnetotail), and occasionally a ring current. This is a variation of the simple Luhmann-Friesen magnetosphere model. They are meant to be representative of the basic characteristics of the planetary magnetic fields. Some features NOT included are longitudes of magnetic poles to a standard planetary coordinate system and offsets of the dipole center from the planetary center. ReferencesT. Gold, Motions in the Magnetosphere of the EarthLuhmann & Friesen, A simple model of the magnetosphereMagnetic reconnection at Neptune's magnetopauseLASP: Polarity of planetary magnetic fieldsWikipedia: The Solar Storm of 1859Wikipedia: Kristian BirkelandWikipedia: Carl StørmerSpecial thanks to Arik Posner (NASA/HQ) and Gina DiBraccio (UMBC/GSFC) for helpful pointers on orientation of planetary rotation and magnetic axes. || ",
"release_date": "2017-07-12T10:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-01-05T00:04:52.078870-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 458717,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004100/a004145/Neptune_NeptuneSouthSummer_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_print.jpg",
"filename": "Neptune_NeptuneSouthSummer_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "A basic view of the Neptunian magnetosphere when the southern side of the rotation axis is directed sunward (southern summer)",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
}
}
],
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}