{ "id": 40399, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/operation-ice-bridge-svsvisualizations/", "page_type": "Gallery", "title": "Operation IceBridge - SVS Visualizations ", "description": "No description available.", "release_date": "2019-11-27T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2019-12-12T00:00:00-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 858885, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013400/a013479/More_Info.jpg", "filename": "More_Info.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "", "width": 180, "height": 320, "pixels": 57600 }, "media_groups": [ { "id": 371421, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/operation-ice-bridge-svsvisualizations/#media_group_371421", "widget": "Tile gallery", "title": "Arctic ", "caption": "", "description": "", "items": [ { "id": 411441, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4727, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4727/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Greenland View of Three Simulated Greenland Ice Sheet Response Scenarios: 2008 - 2300", "description": "The Greenland Ice Sheet holds enough water to raise the world’s sea level by over 7 meters (23 feet). Rising atmosphere and ocean temperatures have led to an ice loss equivalent to over a centimeter increase in global mean sea-level between 1991 and 2015. Large outlet glaciers, rivers of ice moving to the sea, drain the ice from the interior of Greenland and cause the outer margins of the ice sheet to recede. Improvements in measuring the ice thickness in ice sheets is enabling better simulation of the flow in outlet glaciers, which is key to predicting the retreat of ice sheets into the future.Recently, a simulation of the effects of outlet glacier flow on ice sheet thickness coupled with improved data and comprehensive climate modeling for differing future climate scenarios has been used to estimate Greenland’s contribution to sea-level over the next millennium. Greenland could contribute 5–34 cm (2-13 inches) to sea-level by 2100 and 11–162 cm (4-64 inches) by 2200, with outlet glaciers contributing 19–40 % of the total mass loss. The analysis shows that uncertainties in projecting mass loss are dominated by uncertainties in climate scenarios and surface processes, followed by ice dynamics. Uncertainties in ocean conditions play a minor role, particularly in the long term. Greenland will very likely become ice-free within a millennium without significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.Three visualizations of the evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet between 2008 and 2300 based on three different climate scenarios are shown below. Each scenario is described briefly in the caption under each visualization. Each of the three visualizations are provided with a date and colorbar as well as without. The regions shown in a violet color are exposed areas of the Greenland bed that were covered by the ice sheet in 2008.The data sets used for these animations are the control (“CTRL”) simulations and were produced with the open-source Parallel Ice Sheet Model (www.pism-docs.org). All data sets for this study are publicly available at https://arcticdata.io (doi:10.18739/A2Z60C21V). || ", "release_date": "2019-06-19T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-03-10T00:08:16.950815-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 395149, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004700/a004727/Greenland_RCP_26_2008_2300_comp.0282_print.jpg", "filename": "Greenland_RCP_26_2008_2300_comp.0282_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Above is a visualization of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 2008 to 2300 based on the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6 climate scenario. This is the best case scenario for limiting greenhouse gasses and assumes that emissions will peak by mid-century and decline thereafter.This video is also available on our YouTube channel.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 411442, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4722, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4722/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Jakobshavn Regional View of Three Simulated Greenland Ice Sheet Response Scenarios: 2008 - 2300", "description": "The Greenland Ice Sheet holds enough water to raise the world’s sea level by over 7 meters (23 feet). Rising atmosphere and ocean temperatures have led to an ice loss equivalent to over a centimeter increase in global mean sea-level between 1991 and 2015. Large outlet glaciers, rivers of ice moving to the sea, drain the ice from the interior of Greenland and cause the outer margins of the ice sheet to recede. Improvements in measuring the ice thickness in ice sheets is enabling better simulation of the flow in outlet glaciers, which is key to predicting the retreat of ice sheets into the future.Recently, a simulation of the effects of outlet glacier flow on ice sheet thickness coupled with improved data and comprehensive climate modeling for differing future climate scenarios has been used to estimate Greenland’s contribution to sea-level over the next millennium. Greenland could contribute 5–34 cm (2-13 inches) to sea-level by 2100 and 11–162 cm (4-64 inches) by 2200, with outlet glaciers contributing 19–40 % of the total mass loss. The analysis shows that uncertainties in projecting mass loss are dominated by uncertainties in climate scenarios and surface processes, followed by ice dynamics. Uncertainties in ocean conditions play a minor role, particularly in the long term. Greenland will very likely become ice-free within a millennium without significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.Three visualizations of the evolution of the Jakobshavn region of the Greenland Ice Sheet between 2008 and 2300 based on three different climate scenarios are shown below. Each scenario is described briefly in the caption under each visualization. Each of the three visualizations are provided with a date, colorbar and a distance scale as well as without. The regions shown in a violet color are exposed areas of the Greenland bed that were covered by the ice sheet in 2008.The data sets used for these animations are the control (“CTRL”) simulations and were produced with the open-source Parallel Ice Sheet Model (www.pism-docs.org). All data sets for this study are publicly available at https://arcticdata.io (doi:10.18739/A2Z60C21V). || ", "release_date": "2019-06-19T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-03-10T00:08:13.682414-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 395093, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004700/a004722/Jakobshavn_RCP_26_2008_2300_comp.0282_print.jpg", "filename": "Jakobshavn_RCP_26_2008_2300_comp.0282_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Above is a visualization of the Jakobshavn region of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 2008 to 2300 based on the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6 climate scenario. This is the best case scenario for limiting greenhouse gasses and assumes that emissions will peak by mid-century and decline thereafter.This video is also available on our YouTube channel.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 411443, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4721, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4721/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Three Simulated Greenland Ice Sheet Response Scenarios: 2008 - 2300", "description": "The Greenland Ice Sheet holds enough water to raise the world’s sea level by over 7 meters (23 feet). Rising atmosphere and ocean temperatures have led to an ice loss equivalent to over a centimeter increase in global mean sea-level between 1991 and 2015. Large outlet glaciers, rivers of ice moving to the sea, drain the ice from the interior of Greenland and cause the outer margins of the ice sheet to recede. Improvements in measuring the ice thickness in ice sheets is enabling better simulation of the flow in outlet glaciers, which is key to predicting the retreat of ice sheets into the future.Recently, a simulation of the effects of outlet glacier flow on ice sheet thickness coupled with improved data and comprehensive climate modeling for differing future climate scenarios has been used to estimate Greenland’s contribution to sea-level over the next millennium. Greenland could contribute 5–34 cm (2-13 inches) to sea-level by 2100 and 11–162 cm (4-64 inches) by 2200, with outlet glaciers contributing 19–40 % of the total mass loss. The analysis shows that uncertainties in projecting mass loss are dominated by uncertainties in climate scenarios and surface processes, followed by ice dynamics. Uncertainties in ocean conditions play a minor role, particularly in the long term. Greenland will very likely become ice-free within a millennium without significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.Three visualizations of the evolution of the Jakobshavn region of the Greenland Ice Sheet between 2008 and 2300 based on three different climate scenarios are shown below. The camera zooms in slowly as the ice sheet retreats and pulls out to a view of the entire ice sheet in the year 2300. Each scenario is described briefly in the caption under each visualization. Each of the three visualizations are provided with a date, colorbar and a distance scale as well as without. The regions shown in a violet color are exposed areas of the Greenland bed that were covered by the ice sheet in 2008.The data sets used for these animations are the control (“CTRL”) simulations and were produced with the open-source Parallel Ice Sheet Model (www.pism-docs.org). All data sets for this study are publicly available at https://arcticdata.io (doi:10.18739/A2Z60C21V). || ", "release_date": "2019-06-19T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-03-10T00:08:10.018949-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 395047, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004700/a004721/Greenland_RCP_45_2008_2300_comp.0282_print.jpg", "filename": "Greenland_RCP_45_2008_2300_comp.0282_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Above is a visualization of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 2008 to 2300 based on the RCP 4.5 climate scenario. This mid-range scenario is based on the assumption that emissions will stabilize by the year 2100 and that forest lands will expand.This video is also available on our YouTube channel.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 411444, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 12204, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12204/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA Views Laser Landscapes of Helheim Glacier", "description": "Complete transcript available. || Helheim_Final.04315_print.jpg (1024x768) [198.3 KB] || Helheim_Final.04315_searchweb.png (320x180) [57.5 KB] || Helheim_Final.04315_thm.png (80x40) [3.4 KB] || Helheim_Final_twitter_720.mp4 (1280x720) [67.9 MB] || Helheim_Final.webm (1280x720) [33.2 MB] || Helheim_Final.en_US.srt [4.7 KB] || Helheim_Final.en_US.vtt [4.7 KB] || Helheim_Final_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [51.8 MB] || Helheim_Final.mp4 (1440x1080) [866.5 MB] || Helheim_Final.mpeg (1280x720) [1012.5 MB] || Helheim_Final_HD.wmv (1920x1080) [628.7 MB] || Helheim_Final_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [164.6 MB] || Helheim_Final_youtube_720.mp4 (1280x720) [507.9 MB] || Helheim_Final_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [1.3 GB] || Helheim_Final_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [164.8 MB] || Helheim_Final.hwshow [40 bytes] || ", "release_date": "2017-07-28T13:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-10-10T00:16:44.368451-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 412412, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012200/a012204/Helheim_Final.04315_print.jpg", "filename": "Helheim_Final.04315_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Complete transcript available.", "width": 1024, "height": 768, "pixels": 786432 } } }, { "id": 411445, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4691, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4691/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "A possible second large subglacial impact crater in northwest Greenland", "description": "As this visualization draws near to the northwest coast of Greenland where the Hiawatha Glacier is located, the ice sheet is cut away to show the topography of Greenland's bedrock lying beneath the ice sheet at 20x vertical exaggeration. The Hiawatha crater is clearly visible in the topography. Farther inland another, subtler circular depression can be seen. The edge picks of this depression are shown as vertical bars, while potential central peaks are marked by orange pyramids. As we rotate around the depression, the location of the best-fit circle to the edge picks appears and that circle's center is marked with an \"X\". This circle matches well with both the edge of the bedrock depression and also the residual slope of the ice surface as it flows over this depression (not shown), strongly supporting the inference that this depression is another large impact crater.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || C2_Crater_4k.1524_print.jpg (1024x576) [111.8 KB] || C2_Crater_4k.1524_searchweb.png (320x180) [88.0 KB] || C2_Crater_4k.1524_thm.png (80x40) [7.2 KB] || C2_Crater_4k_1080p30_low.mp4 (1920x1080) [23.1 MB] || C2_Crater_4k_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [47.8 MB] || C2_Crater_4k_1080p30.webmhd.webm (1080x606) [11.6 MB] || C2_Crater_4k_2160p30_low.mp4 (3840x2160) [48.2 MB] || C2_Crater_4k_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [85.9 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || captions_silent.24907.en_US.srt [43 bytes] || captions_silent.24907.en_US.vtt [56 bytes] || C2_Crater_4K_YouTube.mp4 (3840x2160) [245.6 MB] || C2_Crater_4K_ProRes.mov (3840x2160) [3.4 GB] || C2_Crater_4k_1080p30_low.mp4.hwshow [190 bytes] || ", "release_date": "2019-02-11T11:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-02-02T22:39:35.896273-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 397480, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004600/a004691/C2_Crater_4k.1524_print.jpg", "filename": "C2_Crater_4k.1524_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "As this visualization draws near to the northwest coast of Greenland where the Hiawatha Glacier is located, the ice sheet is cut away to show the topography of Greenland's bedrock lying beneath the ice sheet at 20x vertical exaggeration. The Hiawatha crater is clearly visible in the topography. Farther inland another, subtler circular depression can be seen. The edge picks of this depression are shown as vertical bars, while potential central peaks are marked by orange pyramids. As we rotate around the depression, the location of the best-fit circle to the edge picks appears and that circle's center is marked with an \"X\". This circle matches well with both the edge of the bedrock depression and also the residual slope of the ice surface as it flows over this depression (not shown), strongly supporting the inference that this depression is another large impact crater.This video is also available on our YouTube channel.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 411446, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4566, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4566/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Operation Icebridge Studies Changes in Greenland's Helheim Glacier", "description": "Flying down the Helheim Glacier in Greenland as ATM altimetry date is shown - first with data from 1998 then data from 2013 is added || dms20.3800_print.jpg (1024x576) [143.9 KB] || dms20.3800_searchweb.png (180x320) [55.0 KB] || dms20.3800_thm.png (80x40) [3.6 KB] || atm (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || atm.webm (1920x1080) [30.8 MB] || atm.mp4 (1920x1080) [274.8 MB] || atm.m4v (640x360) [42.2 MB] || atm.mp4.hwshow [178 bytes] || ", "release_date": "2017-07-28T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-01-05T23:20:42.892600-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 415410, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004500/a004566/dms20.3800_print.jpg", "filename": "dms20.3800_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Flying down the Helheim Glacier in Greenland as ATM altimetry date is shown - first with data from 1998 then data from 2013 is added", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 411447, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 11354, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11354/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Greenland's Mega Canyon (narrated video)", "description": "Hidden for all of human history, a 460 mile long canyon has been discovered below Greenland's ice sheet. Using radar data from NASA's Operation IceBridge and other airborne campaigns, scientists led by a team from the University of Bristol found the canyon runs from near the center of the island northward to the fjord of the Petermann Glacier. A large portion of the data was collected by IceBridge from 2009 through 2012. One of the mission's scientific instruments, the Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder, operated by the Center for the Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets at the University of Kansas, can see through vast layers of ice to measure its thickness and the shape of bedrock below. This is a narrated version of an visualization that can be found, along with more detailed information, at Greenland's Mega-Canyon beneath the Ice Sheet (#4097). || ", "release_date": "2013-08-29T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:51:53.858288-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 462586, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011300/a011354/Greenland_mega_canyon_4097_youtube_hq00377_print.jpg", "filename": "Greenland_mega_canyon_4097_youtube_hq00377_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 411448, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4348, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4348/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Operation IceBridge Tracks over the Helheim Glacier in Greenland", "description": "Composited version of Helheim OIB tracks visualization || comp_1080.2880_print.jpg (1024x576) [40.5 KB] || helheim_tracks_1920x1080_30fps.mp4 (1920x1080) [12.9 MB] || helheim_tracks_1920x1080_60fps.mp4 (1920x1080) [13.5 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_60p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || helheim_tracks_1920x1080_60fps.webm (1920x1080) [3.2 MB] || helheim_tracks_640x320_30fps.m4v (640x360) [3.6 MB] || comp (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || helheim_tracks_1920x1080_30fps.mp4.hwshow [196 bytes] || ", "release_date": "2016-08-31T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-01-05T22:47:22.885369-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 440813, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004300/a004348/multi_lines_labeled_print.jpg", "filename": "multi_lines_labeled_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "OIB track layers from 1997 to 2015 arranged next to each other", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 411449, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4689, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4689/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Kennicott Glacier Time Lapse Traverse (2013 - 2015)", "description": "Rasterized lidar data of Kennicott Glacier, Alaska from 2013 to 2015. The camera starts at the southern part of the glacier and moves northward along most of it's length. || ken_comp.00000_print.jpg (1024x576) [81.1 KB] || ken_comp.00000_searchweb.png (320x180) [72.4 KB] || ken_comp.00000_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || Example_Composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || ken_comp_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [111.4 MB] || ken_comp_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [417.7 MB] || ken_comp_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [182 bytes] || ", "release_date": "2019-04-01T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-01-06T00:13:31.959206-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 399648, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004600/a004689/ken_comp.00000_print.jpg", "filename": "ken_comp.00000_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Rasterized lidar data of Kennicott Glacier, Alaska from 2013 to 2015. The camera starts at the southern part of the glacier and moves northward along most of it's length. ", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 411450, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 10880, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10880/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Greenland's Vanishing Ice", "description": "The fringe of the Greenland ice sheet endures an annual freeze-and-thaw cycle. Plunging temperatures and ample snow in fall and winter replenish the massive ice sheet, which covers 80 percent of the country's landmass. Endless sun in spring and summer melt ice at the surface and the meltwater runs off through the country's rocky edges to the oceans. This kind of natural cycle allows scientists to observe the impact of climate change over time. Satellites have provided continual monitoring of Greenland's ice cover since 1979. While annual melt patterns vary greatly, three decades of data reveal trends of increasing surface melt and number of melt days, as seen in the first visualization below. The annual Greenland melt also opens a window on one of the most important aspects of science by satellite: With more than one satellite instrument measuring the melt, scientists can compare data to provide a measure of confidence in their observations. In the second visualization, watch how two different satellite datasets created almost mirror-image views of Greenland's ice melt extent in one year. || ", "release_date": "2011-12-15T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:23.047067-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 480576, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010880/Greenland_melt_less3_ramp_STILL2007_cover_1024x576.jpg", "filename": "Greenland_melt_less3_ramp_STILL2007_cover_1024x576.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Scientists can see and fact-check from space how ice melts in Greenland each year.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 411451, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 10763, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10763/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Racing off the Edge of Greenland", "description": "Once known for its size, the Jakobshavn Glacier in Greenland is now studied for its speed. In 1997 Jakobshavn ended a decades-long period of stability as it began to thin, accelerate and eject ice into the sea at a rapid rate. The glacier thinned by as much as 50 feet (15 m) per year between 1997 and 2003, according to NASA laser altimetry measurements, while other Greenland glaciers were thinning by about three feet (1 m) per year. The glacier now moves at more than nine miles (15 km) per year, doubling its speed from a decade ago. The glacier's calving front has retreated more than six miles (10 km) in the past decade alone. Scientists point to several warming-related causes for the increase in speed and retreat: meltwater can trickle through cracks in the ice and lubricate the friction point between ice and bedrock, and warmer ocean waters underneath the ice shelf also cause thinning. The thinner ice shelf and meltwater reduce resistance to glacier movement. As a glaciology case study and the greatest potential contributor to sea level rise in the Northern Hemisphere, scientists will continue to watch Jakobshavn closely. || ", "release_date": "2011-08-16T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:41.587065-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 484084, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010700/a010763/Jakobshavn_ortho_68.94N_69.39N_49.212W_51.372W_1024x576.jpg", "filename": "Jakobshavn_ortho_68.94N_69.39N_49.212W_51.372W_1024x576.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Draining as much as 10 percent of Greenland's land ice, this speedy glacier has scientists' attention.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 411452, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4249, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4249/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Greenland Ice Sheet Stratigraphy", "description": "The above movie shows the new 3D map of the age of the Greenland ice sheet, using a collage of live footage and animation to explain how scientists determined the age from data collected by ice-penetrating radar. The full script of the narration is available here. This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || GIS_age_structure.jpg (1024x576) [166.8 KB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER.webmhd.webm (1080x606) [51.7 MB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER_1280x720.wmv (1280x720) [115.8 MB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER_appletv.m4v (960x540) [99.6 MB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER_appletv_subtitles.m4v (960x540) [99.7 MB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [450.8 MB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER_ipod_lg.m4v (640x360) [40.0 MB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy.en_US.srt [4.7 KB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy.en_US.vtt [4.7 KB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER_nasaportal.mov (640x360) [98.5 MB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [21.5 MB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER_prores.mov (1920x1080) [6.7 GB] || ", "release_date": "2015-01-23T09:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-01-05T22:41:18.380464-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 448225, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004200/a004249/GIS_age_structure.jpg", "filename": "GIS_age_structure.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The above movie shows the new 3D map of the age of the Greenland ice sheet, using a collage of live footage and animation to explain how scientists determined the age from data collected by ice-penetrating radar. The full script of the narration is available here. This video is also available on our YouTube channel.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 411453, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4194, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4194/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "SIGGRAPH Daily 2014: Measuring Elevation Changes on the Greenland Ice Sheet", "description": "This animation depicts the changes in the Greenland Ice Sheet between 2003 and 2012 and shows how the bedrock topography under the ice constrains or facilitates its movement. This is a subset of a longer, narrated animation that can be found here.The surface elevation1 and the bedrock topography2 are defined by geo-referenced DEM datasets. The change in elevation data3 derived from data collected by NASA’s ICESat satellite and from an airborne mission called Operation IceBridge is portrayed as colors accumulating over time on the surface. A cutting plane is used to reveal the thickness of the ice sheet and the bedrock topography beneath. A dataset of ice sheet velocity4 derived from from satellite interferometry is used to define the motion of the ice sheet over time. Ice flow movement is calculated from this velocity data, colored by the speed of the ice, and propagated over the surface of the ice sheet.This visualization was generated using Maya, Renderman and IDL. Over the years, we developed some tools to facilitate visualizing data. These include manifolds that accurately project data onto a sphere, routines to accurately access the correct data texture in a series based on the date keyframed in a Maya scene and a flow system that propagates flow vectors at any given time step and inserts the results directly into the RIB stream at render time. These tools are a credit to the director of our studio, Dr. Horace Mitchell and my colleague Greg Shirah.1. Greenland Mapping Project (GIMP) Digital Elevation Model provided courtesy of the BPRC Glacier Dynamics Research Group, Ohio State University2. Greenland bed elevation provided courtesy of J. L. Bamber, Univesity of Bristol.3. Elevation Change data provided courtesy of Bea Csatho, University at Buffalo.4. Ice Sheet Velocity data provided courtesy of Eric Rignot, University of California, Irvine. || ", "release_date": "2014-08-10T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:40.136197-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 452844, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004100/a004194/GreenlandFlows_143.10304_print.jpg", "filename": "GreenlandFlows_143.10304_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This short segment presented as a SIGGRAPH Daily at SIGGRAPH 2014 in Vancouver, Canada is a subset of a longer narrated animation. The animation shows the accumulated change in the elevation of the Greenland ice sheet between 2003 and 2012. ", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 411454, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3825, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3825/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Operation IceBridge 2011 Arctic Flight Paths and Change in Elevation Data over Greenland", "description": "With the aircraft resources of NASA's Airborne Sciences Program, Operation IceBridge is taking to the sky to ensure a sustained, critical watch over Earth's polar regions. Flight lines (black) are shown for the 2011 campaign over Arctic sea ice and Greenland's land ice. Many flights target outlet glaciers along the coast where NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) shows significant thinning. Blue and purple colors, respectively, indicate moderate to large thinning. Gray and yellow, respectively, indicate slight to moderate thickening. Since its launch in January 2003, the ICESat elevation satellite has been measuring the change in thickness of ice sheets. This image of Greenland shows the changes in elevation over the Greenland ice sheet between 2003 and 2006. || ", "release_date": "2011-03-28T22:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-06-23T22:02:36.131041-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 487126, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003800/a003825/1080DailySeaIce2010ArcticPath2011.0199.jpg", "filename": "1080DailySeaIce2010ArcticPath2011.0199.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Nine Flights are being flown over Arctic Sea Ice", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } }, { "id": 411455, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3823, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3823/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Operation IceBridge 2010 Arctic Flight Paths and Change in Elevation Data over Greenland", "description": "With the aircraft resources of NASA's Airborne Sciences Program, Operation IceBridge is taking to the sky to ensure a sustained, critical watch over Earth's polar regions. Flight lines (black) are shown for the 2010 campaign over Arctic sea ice and Greenland's land ice. Many flights target outlet glaciers along the coast where NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) shows significant thinning. Blue and purple colors, respectively, indicate moderate to large thinning. Gray and yellow, respectively, indicate slight to moderate thickening. Since its launch in January 2003, the ICESat elevation satellite has been measuring the change in thickness of ice sheets. This image of Greenland shows the changes in elevation over the Greenland ice sheet between 2003 and 2006. || ", "release_date": "2011-03-21T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:51.655685-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 487379, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003800/a003823/Lithoversion_greyGreenlandElevation2_web.png", "filename": "Lithoversion_greyGreenlandElevation2_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Flight lines (black) are shown for the 2010 campaign over Arctic sea ice and Greenland's land ice.Many flights target outlet glaciers along the coast where NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) shows significant thinning. Blue and purple colors, respectively, indicate moderate to large thinning.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 371422, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/operation-ice-bridge-svsvisualizations/#media_group_371422", "widget": "Card gallery", "title": "Antarctic ", "caption": "", "description": "", "items": [ { "id": 411456, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3875, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3875/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "West Antarctic Glacier Ice Flows and Elevation Change", "description": "This animation shows glacier changes detected by ATM, ICESat and ice bridge data in the highly dynamic Amundsen Embayment of West Antarctica. We know that ice speeds in this area have increased dramatically from the late 1990s to the present as the ice shelves in this area have thinned and the bottom of the ice has lost contact with the bed beneath. As the ice has accelerated, ice upstream of the coast must be stretched more vigorously, causing it to thin. NASA-sponsored aircraft missions first measured the ice surface height in this region in 2002, followed by ICESat data between 2002 and 2009. Ice Bridge aircraft have measured further surface heights in 2009 and 2010, and these measurements continue today. Integrating these altimetry sources allows us to estimate surface height changes throughout the drainage regions of the most important glaciers in the region. We see large elevation changes at the coast on Thwaites glacier, at the center of the images, and large and accelerating elevation changes extending inland from the coast on Pine Island and Smith glaciers, to the left and right of the images, respectively. The changes on Pine Island and Smith glaciers mark these as potential continuing sources of ice to the sea, and they have been surveyed in 2011 by Ice Bridge aircraft and targeted for repeat measurements in coming years. || ", "release_date": "2011-11-02T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-10-09T00:01:21.001257-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 481459, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003800/a003875/Pine_Island_comp.1289.jpg", "filename": "Pine_Island_comp.1289.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Animation showing ice velocity and elevation change with dates, labels and colorbars.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 411457, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3782, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3782/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Operation IceBridge Flight Paths - Antarctica Fall 2010 Campaign", "description": "Operation IceBridge — a NASA airborne mission to observe changes in Earth's rapidly changing polar land ice and sea ice — is soon to embark on its fourth field season in October. The mission is now paralleled by a campaign to bring data to researchers as quickly as possible and to accelerate the analysis of those changes and how they may affect people and climate systems.Data from campaigns flown prior to the inception of IceBridge will also be archived at NSIDC. These include data from the Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) instrument; mountain glacier data from the University of Alaska Fairbanks; and deep radar bedmap data from University of Kansas radar instruments. Combined with NSIDC's existing complete archive of data from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) instrument aboard ICESat, researchers will be able to access a rich repository of complementary measurements.IceBridge, a six-year NASA mission, is the largest airborne survey of Earth's polar ice ever flown. It will yield an unprecedented three-dimensional view of Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets, ice shelves and sea ice. These flights will provide a yearly, multi-instrument look at the behavior of the rapidly changing features of the Greenland and Antarctic ice.Data collected during IceBridge will help scientists bridge the gap in polar observations between NASA's ICESat — in orbit since 2003 — and ICESat-2, planned for late 2015. ICESat stopped collecting science data in 2009, making IceBridge critical for ensuring a continuous series of observations. || ", "release_date": "2010-10-20T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-06-23T22:02:32.821013-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 489506, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003700/a003782/OperationIceBridgewithtext900.jpg", "filename": "OperationIceBridgewithtext900.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Twelve of the high priority flight plans from the 2010 Antarctic campaign are displayed. ", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 411458, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3647, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3647/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Operation IceBridge Flight Paths - Antarctica Fall 2009 Campaign", "description": "Early in the 20th century, a succession of adventurers and scientists pioneered the exploration of Antarctica. A century later, they're still at it, albeit with a different set of tools. This fall, a team of modern explorers will fly over Earth's southern ice-covered regions to study changes to its sea ice, ice sheets, and glaciers as part of NASA's Operation Ice Bridge.Operation Ice Bridge is a six-year campaign of annual flights to each of Earth's polar regions. The first flights in March and April carried researchers over Greenland and the Arctic Ocean. This fall's Antarctic campaign, led by principal investigator Seelye Martin of the University of Washington, will begin the first sustained airborne research effort of its kind over the continent. Data collected by researchers will help scientists bridge the gap between NASA's Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) — which is operating the last of its three lasers — and ICESat-II, scheduled to launch in 2014.The Ice Bridge flights will help scientists maintain the record of changes to sea ice and ice sheets that have been collected since 2003 by ICESat. The flights will lack the continent-wide coverage that can be achieved by satellite, so researchers carefully select key target locations. But the flights will also turn up new information not possible from orbit, such as the shape of the terrain below the ice.Six flights are scheduled along Antarctica's peninsula, one along the Getz Ice Shelf, two over the Pine Island Glacier, and two others along the Amundsen coast to include the Thwaites, Smith, and Kohler glaciers. || ", "release_date": "2009-10-02T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:36.145318-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 492749, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003600/a003647/IceBridgeFlights.1498_web.png", "filename": "IceBridgeFlights.1498_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Operation Ice Bridge flights originating at the tip of South America track along Antarctica's Peninsula, the Getz Ice Shelf and explore the Pine Island, Thwaites, Smith, and Kohler glaciers. ", "width": 320, "height": 182, "pixels": 58240 } } }, { "id": 411459, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 11274, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11274/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Antarctica Exposed", "description": "Our understanding of what lies beneath the world's biggest ice sheet has taken another leap forward. Thanks to work led by the British Antarctic Survey, scientists have a new 3D map of Antarctica’s ice and bedrock. The map, called Bedmap2, incorporates millions of new measurements, including data collected by NASA's ICESat satellite and airborne Operation IceBridge mission. The result is a virtual reconstruction of the continent’s bedrock topography and ice layers captured in never-before-seen detail. Antarctica plays a large role in the global climate system. The melting and emptying of its ice into the sea influences ocean currents and the rate of sea level rise. By having a precise map of Antarctica’s mountains, ridges, slopes and valleys—all of which affect how fast the continent's ice travels across the ice sheet—scientists can better predict future rates of ice flow. Watch the video to learn more. || ", "release_date": "2013-06-20T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:52:03.592736-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 464336, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011200/a011274/cover-1024.jpg", "filename": "cover-1024.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Scientists peel back the continent’s ice to explore its underlying bedrock.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 411460, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4168, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4168/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "West Antarctic Collapse", "description": "A new study by researchers at NASA and the University of California, Irvine, finds a rapidly melting section of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet appears to be in an irreversible state of decline, with nothing to stop the glaciers in this area from melting into the sea according to glaciologist and lead author Eric Rignot, of UC Irvine and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.Three major lines of evidence point to the glaciers' eventual demise: the changes in their flow speeds, how much of each glacier floats on seawater, and the slope and depth of the terrain they are flowing over. In a paper in April, Rignot's research group discussed the steadily increasing flow speeds of these glaciers over the past 40 years. This new study examines the other two lines of evidence.As glaciers flow out from land to the ocean, large expanses of ice behind their leading edges float on the seawater. The point on a glacier where it first loses contact with land is called the grounding line. Nearly all glacier melt occurs on the underside of the glacier beyond the grounding line, on the section floating on seawater. The Antarctic glaciers studied have thinned so much they are now floating above places where they used to sit solidly on land, which means their grounding lines are retreating inland.—>