{ "id": 40165, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/cryoanimations/", "page_type": "Gallery", "title": "Cryospheric Animations", "description": "No description available.", "release_date": "2015-11-16T10:09:22-05:00", "update_date": "2015-11-16T10:09:22-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 388787, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a030000/a030400/a030496/current_earth_observing_fleet_print.jpg", "filename": "current_earth_observing_fleet_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "HD resolution movies of NASA's Earth Observing fleet.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 }, "media_groups": [ { "id": 370782, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/cryoanimations/#media_group_370782", "widget": "Tile gallery", "title": "Satellites and Instrumentation", "caption": "", "description": "", "items": [ { "id": 406634, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 30496, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30496/", "page_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "title": "Earth Observing Fleet", "description": "Like orbiting sentinels, NASA’s Earth-observing satellites vigilantly monitor our planet’s ever-changing pulse from their unique vantage points in orbit. This animation shows the orbits of all of the current satellite missions. The flight paths are based on actual orbital elements. These missions—many joint with other nations and/or agencies—are able to collect global measurements of rainfall, solar irradiance, clouds, sea surface height, ocean salinity, and other aspects of the environment. Together, these measurements help scientists better diagnose the “health” of the Earth system.This animation will be regularly updated to show the orbits of the current earth observing fleet. This most recent version, published in March 2017, includes the CYGNSS constellation and DSCOVR at L1. Visit the original page here.Previous versions from recent years include:entry 4274 a February 2015 version including SMAPentry 3996 a spring 2014 version including GPM entry 4070 a May 2013 version which added Landsat-8entry 3892 a Dec 2011 version which added Suomi NPP and Aquariusentry 3725 a version from June 2010 || ", "release_date": "2015-03-17T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-03-02T23:56:45.408182-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 388787, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a030000/a030400/a030496/current_earth_observing_fleet_print.jpg", "filename": "current_earth_observing_fleet_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "HD resolution movies of NASA's Earth Observing fleet.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406635, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 20204, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20204/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "ICESat 2014 Spacecraft Animations", "description": "A four-shot beauty pass of ICESat on orbit || beaa075000752_print.jpg (1024x576) [90.0 KB] || beaa0750_web.png (320x180) [56.9 KB] || beaa0750_thm.png (80x40) [5.2 KB] || IceSat-Beauty1 (1280x720) [0 Item(s)] || Icesat-Beauty-1.webmhd.webm (960x540) [11.2 MB] || Icesat-Beauty-1.mov (1280x720) [335.6 MB] || ", "release_date": "2014-02-07T15:21:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-01-06T01:38:28.579749-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 433668, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020200/a020204/beaa075000752_print.jpg", "filename": "beaa075000752_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "A four-shot beauty pass of ICESat on orbit", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406636, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 10757, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10757/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Intro to LIDAR 3D", "description": "Want to know the 3D shape of terrain on another planet? Want to study the height and density of Earth's forests? An amazing tool called LIDAR can help. Learn more in this video!This video is presented in stereoscopic 3D for those who can view it. We've included left and right eye clips, a side-by-side version, and an anaglyph (red/blue) version. Download any of them below! || ", "release_date": "2011-04-14T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-01-06T01:15:32.701287-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 486783, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010700/a010757/lidar_3D_left_ipod_lg.00577_print.jpg", "filename": "lidar_3D_left_ipod_lg.00577_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "LEFT EYE/STANDARD 2D: This version is the left eye for stereoscopic 3D presentations. You can also download this video for standard 2D presentations!For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406637, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3818, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3818/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Earth Science Decadal Survey Missions", "description": "This animated graphic outlines the 15 NASA Earth science missions recommended by the National Research Council in its decadal survey report, published in 2007. These future missions will form the basis of a systematic space-based study of the Earth. For more information about the survey and the missions, see this NASA Science article, this decadal survey Web site, and the NRC's report. || ", "release_date": "2011-02-02T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-01-05T22:03:29.346529-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 488134, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003800/a003818/Decadal1080p.6261.jpg", "filename": "Decadal1080p.6261.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "As each decadal survey satellite's orbital path is highlighted in color, the text briefly summarizes the mission's scientific goals.This video is also available on our YouTube channel.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } }, { "id": 406638, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 10518, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10518/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "ICESat Spacecraft", "description": "Animations of the ICESat spacecraft on orbit || ICESat's collector viewed with Earth reflecting in its lens || icec000100002_print.jpg (1024x576) [47.9 KB] || icec0001_web.png (320x180) [266.4 KB] || icec0001_thm.png (80x40) [15.5 KB] || Collector_1080i.webmhd.webm (960x540) [2.1 MB] || collector (1920x1080) [32.0 KB] || Collector_1080i.m2v (1920x1080) [47.2 MB] || Collector.mp4 (1920x1080) [7.1 MB] || Collector_512x288.m1v (512x288) [3.2 MB] || ", "release_date": "2010-01-04T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:25.642041-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 494743, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010500/a010518/icec000100002_print.jpg", "filename": "icec000100002_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "ICESat's collector viewed with Earth reflecting in its lens", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406639, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 2743, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2743/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "ICESat First Light Release: A Closer View of the Coast", "description": "Elevation data from ICESat's GLAS instrument is quite detailed, as can be seen in this close-up view of a profile that passes near the Banzare Coast in Antarctica. (The green elevation profile in this animation is exaggerated vertically by a factor of 10x for aesthetic purposes.) || ", "release_date": "2003-05-23T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:57:07.446690-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 523483, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a002700/a002743/banzarecoast1_web.jpg", "filename": "banzarecoast1_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "A slice of ICESat elevation data (170 meter post-spaced) near Antarcticas Banzare Coast laying over a flat RADARSAT texture.", "width": 320, "height": 240, "pixels": 76800 } } }, { "id": 406640, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 2742, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2742/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "ICESat First Light Release: From Sea Ice to Ice Streams", "description": "The following profile shows the dramatic change in elevation from coastal Antarctica, which is covered in sea ice for most of the year, to the center of the continent. It starts near the Amundsen Sea and travels inward, ending over the West Antarctic Ice Streams where we get a look at this dynamic portion of the polar landscape. (The green elevation profile in this animation is exaggerated vertically by a factor of 10x.) || ", "release_date": "2003-05-23T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:57:07.340681-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 523470, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a002700/a002742/westantarcticicestreams_web.jpg", "filename": "westantarcticicestreams_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Another slice of elevation data passing over the West Antarctic Ice Streams.", "width": 320, "height": 240, "pixels": 76800 } } }, { "id": 406641, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 2741, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2741/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "ICESat First Light Release: Antarctica, from Coast to Coast", "description": "ICESat's first topographic profiles across the continent reveal the textured surfaces of Antarctic ice sheets in unprecedented detail. The following profile spans the entire Antarctic continent from coast to coast. The transect begins near Wrigley Gulf, crosses the Ross Ice Shelf and central Antarctica, finally tapering off at the Amery Ice Shelf. The high flat area in the center of the continent is called the East Antarctic plateau. || ", "release_date": "2003-05-23T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:57:07.220277-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 523442, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a002700/a002741/amerycoast_web.jpg", "filename": "amerycoast_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "A slice of ICESat elevation data (170 meter post-spaced) near the Amery coast laying over a flat RADARSAT texture.", "width": 320, "height": 240, "pixels": 76800 } } }, { "id": 406642, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 2747, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2747/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "ICESat First Light Release: Following ICESat", "description": "In this visualization we ride along with the ICESat spacecraft as its laser measures detailed changes in surface topography. This was produced in support of the ICESat first light release. || ", "release_date": "2003-05-15T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:57:08.100905-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 523574, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a002700/a002747/still_ride_web.jpg", "filename": "still_ride_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "ICESat collecting elevation data", "width": 320, "height": 240, "pixels": 76800 } } }, { "id": 406643, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 2746, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2746/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "ICESat First Light Release: A Global Perspective", "description": "Criss-crossing the world below at nearly 17,000 miles per hour, ICESat is measuring the Earth from space with unprecedented accuracy. ICESat measures the Earth by shining pulses of green and infrared light from one of its three onboard lasers. Although the major goal of ICESat's mission is to observe ice near the poles, the satellite takes measurements continuously around the entire globe, providing valuable information about our planet's clouds, oceans, mountains, forests, and fields. || ", "release_date": "2003-05-15T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:57:07.975657-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 523561, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a002700/a002746/still_globe.19352.jpg", "filename": "still_globe.19352.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "ICESat orbiting Earth", "width": 2560, "height": 1920, "pixels": 4915200 } } }, { "id": 406644, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 2745, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2745/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "ICESat First Light Release: Antarctica in Three Dimensions", "description": "ICESat's orbit was designed to maximize coverage over the great polar ice sheets, where ground tracks overlap to create an intricate grid of data points. The accumulation of these data points in the Southern Hemisphere results in a new three-dimensional elevation model of Antarctica. ICESat repeats its orbital pattern every eight days, allowing the GLAS instrument to measure changes over time in the same location. In order to measure ice sheet mass balance, the satellite's advanced technology is providing data on the critically important third dimension, elevation. || ", "release_date": "2003-05-15T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:57:07.866543-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 523547, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a002700/a002745/still_criss_cross02.0300.jpg", "filename": "still_criss_cross02.0300.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "ICESat tracks criss-crossing over Antarctica", "width": 2560, "height": 1920, "pixels": 4915200 } } }, { "id": 406645, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 20024, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20024/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "ICESat Data Accumulation Animation", "description": "Accumulating Data: Glas Builds Its Facts One Point at a Time - The technology behind GLAS is called lidar. Lidar is a distance measuring system similar to radar, except that instead of radio waves it uses pulses of laser light for range finding. The name is a contraction based on the words light and radar: Light Detection And Ranging. A lidar system determines precise distances by measuring the amount of time necessary for a pulse of light to leave an emitter, hit a target, and return. In this case, distance measurements helped researchers determine changes in ice thickness, vegetation, cloud thickness, and much more. || ", "release_date": "2004-02-09T12:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:50.146690-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 520718, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020000/a020024/hyp_pre.00077_print.jpg", "filename": "hyp_pre.00077_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This is the standard definition version MPEG of the ICESat Data Accumulation Animation.", "width": 1024, "height": 768, "pixels": 786432 } } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 370783, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/cryoanimations/#media_group_370783", "widget": "Tile gallery", "title": "Arctic Sea Ice", "caption": "", "description": "", "items": [ { "id": 406646, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4355, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4355/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "AMSR2 2015 Minimum Arctic Sea Ice Extent", "description": "In this animation, the Earth rotates slowly as the Arctic sea ice advances over time from February 25, 2015 to September 11, 2015, when the sea ice reached its annual minimum extent. || AMSR2_seaIce_2015_wDate.1189_print.jpg (1024x576) [149.2 KB] || AMSR2_seaIce_2015_wDate.1189_searchweb.png (320x180) [94.8 KB] || AMSR2_seaIce_2015_wDate.1189_thm.png (80x40) [6.7 KB] || AMSR2_seaIce_2015_wDate_p30_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [13.6 MB] || AMSR2_seaIce_2015_wDate_p30_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [7.3 MB] || composite (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || AMSR2_seaIce_2015_wDate_p30_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [2.3 MB] || composite (1920x1080) [64.0 KB] || AMSR2_seaIce_2015_wDate_p30_360p.mp4 (640x360) [2.6 MB] || ", "release_date": "2015-09-10T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:49:22.847911-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 439795, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004300/a004355/AMSR2_seaIce_2015_wDate.1189_print.jpg", "filename": "AMSR2_seaIce_2015_wDate.1189_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "In this animation, the Earth rotates slowly as the Arctic sea ice advances over time from February 25, 2015 to September 11, 2015, when the sea ice reached its annual minimum extent.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406647, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4301, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4301/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Annual Arctic Sea Ice Minimum 1979-2014 with Area Graph", "description": "This animation shows the annual Arctic sea ice minimum with a graph overlay that depicts the area of the sea ice in millions of square kilometers. || seaIce_1979-2014_min_wGraph.2499_print.jpg (1024x576) [129.9 KB] || seaIce_1979-2014_min_wGraph.2499_searchweb.png (180x320) [83.9 KB] || seaIce_1979-2014_min_wGraph.2499_web.png (320x180) [83.9 KB] || seaIce_1979-2014_min_wGraph.2499_thm.png (80x40) [9.0 KB] || seaIce_1979-2014_min_wGraph_720p30.mp4 (1280x720) [7.5 MB] || seaIce_1979-2014_min_wGraph_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [14.4 MB] || composite (1920x1080) [256.0 KB] || seaIce_1979-2014_min_wGraph_720p30.webm (1280x720) [5.0 MB] || composite (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || seaIce_1979-2014_min_wGraph_4301.key [22.3 MB] || seaIce_1979-2014_min_wGraph_4301.pptx [19.7 MB] || seaIce_1979-2014_min_wGraph_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [242 bytes] || ", "release_date": "2015-04-08T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-10-09T00:05:19.966872-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 444033, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004300/a004301/seaIce_1979-2014_min_wGraph.2499_print.jpg", "filename": "seaIce_1979-2014_min_wGraph.2499_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation shows the annual Arctic sea ice minimum with a graph overlay that depicts the area of the sea ice in millions of square kilometers.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406648, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4281, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4281/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Arctic Sea Ice Maximum - 2015", "description": "An animation of the Arctic sea ice from October 1, 2014 to February 25, 2015 when the ice reached its maximum annual extent. The 2015 maximum is then compared to the average 1979-2014 maximum shown in yellow. A distance indicator shows the difference between the two in the Sea of Okhotsk north of Japan. || SeaIceMax_2015.2539_print.jpg (1024x576) [110.0 KB] || SeaIceMax_2015.2539_searchweb.png (320x180) [77.7 KB] || SeaIceMax_2015.2539_thm.png (80x40) [6.0 KB] || SeaIceMax_2015.2539_web.png (320x180) [77.7 KB] || SeaIceMax_2015_720.webm (1280x720) [5.0 MB] || SeaIceMax_2015_720.mp4 (1280x720) [9.9 MB] || SeaIceMax_2015_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [18.2 MB] || Final (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Final (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || ", "release_date": "2015-03-19T13:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:49:51.554034-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 444637, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004200/a004281/SeaIceMax_2015.2539_print.jpg", "filename": "SeaIceMax_2015.2539_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "An animation of the Arctic sea ice from October 1, 2014 to February 25, 2015 when the ice reached its maximum annual extent. The 2015 maximum is then compared to the average 1979-2014 maximum shown in yellow. A distance indicator shows the difference between the two in the Sea of Okhotsk north of Japan.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406649, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4215, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4215/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "North Polar Sea Ice Minimum, 2014", "description": "Sea ice acts as an air conditioner for the planet, reflecting energy from the Sun. On September 17, the Arctic Sea ice reached its minimum extent for 2014 — at 1.94 million square miles (5.02 million square kilometers), it’s the sixth lowest extent of the satellite record. With warmer temperatures and thinner, less resilient ice, the Arctic sea ice is on a downward trend. The red line in the still image indicates the average ice extent over the 30 year period between 1981 and 2011. || ", "release_date": "2014-09-22T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:32.662175-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 451199, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004200/a004215/seaIce_min_2014_still_no_date.jpg", "filename": "seaIce_min_2014_still_no_date.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Print-resolution still, no date", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } } }, { "id": 406650, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4206, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4206/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Average September Arctic Sea Ice Comparison: 1979 vs 2013", "description": "This visualization compares the difference in the area, volume and depth of the average September Arctic sea ice between 1979, shown in blue, and 2013, shown in orange. The data from these two years has been projected onto a circle to provide for easy visual comparison without altering its area or volume. The depth is shown as a histogram that is uniform rotationally around the central axis. Each grid cell of the ground plane is 1,000 kilometers in width, or one million square kilometers per cell. The depth of the sea ice is measured in meters.This data comes from the Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS). This system combines real observations of the Arctic sea ice from 1979 through the present with data of the ocean and atmosphere to produce a complete picture of the changes in Arctic Sea ice area, thickness, and volume. The sharp spike at the center of the visualization represents the very real phenomenon of thick ice ridges formed by ice dynamics. PIOMAS is more completely described here. || ", "release_date": "2014-09-18T09:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:33.540564-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 452033, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004200/a004206/ave_Sept_sea_ice_1979_2013.1400_print.jpg", "filename": "ave_Sept_sea_ice_1979_2013.1400_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation shows the difference in the area, volume and depth of the average September Arctic sea ice between 1979 and 2013.This video is also available on our YouTube channel.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406651, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4131, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4131/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Annual Arctic Sea Ice Minimum 1979-2013 with Area Graph", "description": "Satellite-based passive microwave images of the sea ice have provided a reliable tool for continuously monitoring changes in the Arctic ice since 1979. Every summer the Arctic ice cap melts down to what scientists call its \"minimum\" before colder weather begins to cause ice cover to increase. The ice parameters derived from satellite ice concentration data that are most relevant to climate change studies are sea ice extent and sea ice area. This graph displays the area of the minimum sea ice coverage each year from 1979 through 2013. In 2013, the Arctic minimum sea ice covered an area of 4.704 million square kilometers. This visualization shows the expanse of the annual minimum Arctic sea ice for each year from 1979 to 2013 as derived from SSMI data. A semi-transparent graph overlay shows the area in million square kilometers for each year's minimum day. The date shown in the upper right corner indicates the current year being displayed. || ", "release_date": "2014-01-24T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-01-05T22:27:38.139613-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 469011, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004100/a004131/seaIce_min_with_graph.2369.jpg", "filename": "seaIce_min_with_graph.2369.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The Earth showing the annual minimum sea ice with a graph overlay showing the annual minimum sea ice area in millions of square kilometers.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } }, { "id": 406652, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4052, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4052/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Arctic Daily Sea Ice Concentration from March 2012 to February 2013", "description": "This animation shows the seasonal change in the extent of the Arctic sea ice between March 1, 2012 and February 28, 2013. The annual cycle starts with the maximum extent reached on March 15, 2012. Every summer the Arctic ice cap melts down to its minimum extent before colder weather builds the ice cover back up. This new ice generated on an annual basis is called \"first-year\" ice and is thinner than the older sea ice. The perennial ice is the portion of the ice cap that spans multiple years and represents its thickest component. On September 13, 2012, the sea ice minimum covered 3.439 million square kilometers, that is down by more than 3.571 million square kilometers from the high of 7.011 million square kilometers measured in 1980. The annual maximum extent for 2013 reached on February 28 reached an extent of 15.09 million square kilometers. || ", "release_date": "2013-04-03T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-10-09T00:03:23.212585-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 467449, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004000/a004052/dailySeaIce_v007.2085.jpg", "filename": "dailySeaIce_v007.2085.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Animation of Arctic sea ice from March 2012 to February 2013.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } }, { "id": 406653, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4004, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4004/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "National Climate Assessment Annual Arctic Minimum Sea Ice Extents (1979-2012)", "description": "The National Climate Assessment (NCA) is a central component of the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP). Every four years, the NCA is required to produce a report for Congress that integrates, evaluates, and interprets the findings of the USGCRP; analyzes the effects of global change on the natural environment, agriculture, energy production and use, land and water resources, transportation, human health and welfare, human social systems, and biological diversity; and analyzes current trends in global change, both human-induced and natural, and projects major trends for the subsequent 25 to 100 years. A draft of the Third National Climate Assessment report is available on the Federal Advisory Committee website. The final report is slated to be released in 2014. This scientific visualization of annual minimum sea ice area over the Arctic from 1979-2012 is one element of the NCA that highlights findings conveyed in the \"Our Changing Climate\", the \"Alaska and the Arctic\" and the \"Impacts of Climate Change on Tribal, Indigenous, and Native Lands and Resources\" chapters of the draft Third NCA report. This record shows a persistent decline in the minimum extent of Arctic sea ice cover. The satellite observations are from passive microwave sensors and processed using the NASA Team algorithm developed by scientists at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The sensors that collected the data are the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) on the NASA Nimbus-7 satellite and a series of Special Sensor Microwave Imagers (SSM/I) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager and Sounders (SSMIS) on U.S. Department of Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites. The data from the different sensors are carefully assembled to assure consistency throughout the 34 year record.This visualization is similar to another developed by NASA, but is based on a slightly different algorithm to process the same sensor data. Both show similar downward trends in minimum sea ice area coverage over this time period. || ", "release_date": "2013-02-20T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2024-10-09T00:03:00.169226-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 471307, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004000/a004004/annminseaice.0899.jpg", "filename": "annminseaice.0899.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Animation of Annual Minimum Sea Ice Extent over the Arctic from 1979 to 2012. (Final Composite.)This video is also available on our YouTube channel.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } }, { "id": 406654, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3992, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3992/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Daily Sea Ice during Aug & Sept 2012 with Winds", "description": "Early in the month of August, 2012, storms in the Arctic affected the motion of the sea ice north of Siberia and Alaska. This animation shows the motion of the winds over the Arctic in conjunction with seasonal melting of the Arctic sea ice from August 1 through September 13, 2012, when the NASA scientists determined that the sea ice reached its annual minimum extent. The surface winds, shown my moving arrows, are colored by the velocity. Slower winds are shown in blue, medium in green and the fast winds are shown in red.Note: Scientists at the National Snow and Ice Data Center, who calculate the sea ice minimum based on a 5-day trailing average, identified September 16 as the date when the lowest minimum extent occurred. NASA scientists who calculate area on each individual day identified September 13th as the date of the minimum sea ice, although there is little difference in size between the two days. || ", "release_date": "2012-09-19T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-10-09T00:02:55.425761-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 472449, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003900/a003992/daily_seaIce_2012_W_winds_720_2.0450_web.png", "filename": "daily_seaIce_2012_W_winds_720_2.0450_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation of the winds over the Arctic plays twice as fast as the one below, showing 7.5 days every 5 seconds.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } } }, { "id": 406655, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3991, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3991/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Sea Ice Yearly Minimum 1979-2012 (SSMI data) with Graph", "description": "The continued significant reduction in the area covered by the summer sea ice is a dramatic illustration of the pronounced impact increased global temperatures are having on the Arctic regions. There has also been a significant reduction in the relative amount of older, thicker ice. Satellite-based passive microwave images of the sea ice cover have provided a reliable tool for continuously monitoring changes in the Arctic ice cover since 1979. The ice parameters derived from satellite ice concentration data that are most relevant to climate change studies are sea ice extent and ice area. This visualization shows the annual September minimum sea ice area in the background and a graph of the ice area values foreground. The ice area provides the total area actually covered by sea ice which is useful for estimating the total volume and therefore mass, given the average ice thickness. For more information about these ice datasets, see The Journal of Geophysical Research VOL. 113, C02S07, doi:10.1029/2007JC004257, 2008This visualization shows the annual Arctic sea ice minimum from 1979 to 2012. A semi-transparent graph is overlaid that shows the area in million square kilometers for each year's minimum day. The '1979', '2007', and '2012' data points are highlighted on the graph.For high resolution still images of the 1979 and 2012 September sea ice minimum, see visualization #3998. || ", "release_date": "2012-09-19T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-01-05T22:16:56.904508-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 472421, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003900/a003991/seaIceArea_2012_720p_graph.2338_print.jpg", "filename": "seaIceArea_2012_720p_graph.2338_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The graph alone with transparency.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406656, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3915, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3915/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Multi-year Arctic Sea Ice", "description": "The most visible change in the Arctic region in recent years has been the rapid decline of the perennial ice cover. The perennial ice is the portion of the sea ice floating on the surface of the ocean that survives the summer. This ice that spans multiple years represents the thickest component of the sea ice cover.This visualization shows the perennial Arctic sea ice from 1980 to 2012. This is not the sea ice minimum, which occurs in September each year. This measures the perennial sea ice that survives the summer and thus exists for longer than a one-year time span. The measurement for this sea ice was taken during the months of November, December and January each year. The date assigned to the data point is the year of the last measurement (January). The grey disk at the North Pole indicates the region where no satellite data is collected. A graph overlay shows the area's size measured in million square kilometers for each year. The '1980','2008', and '2012' data points are highlighted on the graph. || ", "release_date": "2012-02-24T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:14.800742-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 478635, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003900/a003915/multiYearIce_comp.2159.jpg", "filename": "multiYearIce_comp.2159.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Multi-year Arctic Sea Ice with Graph Overlay", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } }, { "id": 406657, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3916, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3916/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Multi-year Arctic Sea Ice", "description": "The most visible change in the Arctic region in recent years has been the rapid decline of the perennial ice cover. The perennial ice is the portion of the sea ice floating on the surface of the ocean that survives the summer. This ice that spans multiple years represents the thickest component of the sea ice cover.These still images show a comparison of the perennial Arctic sea ice and the first-year sea ice in 1980, 2008 and 2012. The bright white central mass shows the perennial sea ice while the larger light blue area shows the full extent of the winter sea ice including the average annual sea ice during the months of November, December and January. || ", "release_date": "2012-02-23T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:14.994088-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 478751, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003900/a003916/MultiYr_seaIce_2012_1080.2160.jpg", "filename": "MultiYr_seaIce_2012_1080.2160.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "An image of multi-year sea ice (brighter white) shown over the average sea ice (light blue) during the three winter months ending in January 2012. This image has a transparent background.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } }, { "id": 406658, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3944, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3944/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Pulse of Snow and Sea Ice", "description": "Snow and sea ice in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres pulse at exact opposite times of year, constantly out of phase. || ", "release_date": "2012-05-14T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:04.889647-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 480399, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003900/a003944/Poles_1280x72030fps_0311_web.png", "filename": "Poles_1280x72030fps_0311_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "North and South Pole snow cover and sea ice visualization.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } } }, { "id": 406659, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3824, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3824/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice: September 2010 to March 2011", "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.In this animation, the Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change progress through time, from the 2010 minimum which occurred on September 17 through March 16, 2011. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day showing a running 3-day maximum sea ice concentration in the region where the concentration is greater than 15%. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running maximum of the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. || ", "release_date": "2011-03-29T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:51.437637-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 486998, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003800/a003824/SeaIce_2011_max_jnt.1800.jpg", "filename": "SeaIce_2011_max_jnt.1800.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "An animation of the Arctic sea ice from September 17th 2009 through March 16, 2011 with a date overlay and a star background.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } }, { "id": 406660, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3767, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3767/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Arctic Sea Ice Minimum Extent for 2010", "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.In this animation, the Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change progress through time, from March 31, 2010 when sea ice in the Arctic was at its maximum extent, through September 19, 2010, when it was at its minimum. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running maximum of the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. || ", "release_date": "2010-09-29T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:03.025221-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 489818, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003700/a003767/2010_sea_ice_min_689.jpg", "filename": "2010_sea_ice_min_689.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Arctic sea ice minimum extent for 2010", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406661, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3698, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3698/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice: September 2009 to March 2010", "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.In this animation, the Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change progress through time, from September 1, 2009 when sea ice in the Arctic was near its minimum extent, through March 30, 2010. The animation plays at a rate of six frames per day or ten days per second. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day showing a running 3-day maximum sea ice concentration in the region where the concentration is greater than 15%. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running maximum of the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. || ", "release_date": "2010-03-29T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:18.797124-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 493175, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003600/a003698/SeaIceMax_2010_720p60.1478.jpg", "filename": "SeaIceMax_2010_720p60.1478.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The composite animation showing the sea ice over a star field background with dates.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406662, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 10492, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10492/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Arctic Sea Ice Conceptual Animation", "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. Each winter existing sea ice thickens and new, thinner ice is formed. This conceptual animation shows a cut-away view of the seasonal advance and retreat of Arctic sea ice, demonstrating the current trend toward a thinning ice pack, with less of the thicker multi-year ice surviving each summer's melt. || seaIce_therm_30fps.00002_print.jpg (1024x576) [81.8 KB] || seaIce_therm_30fps_web.png (320x180) [212.7 KB] || seaIce_therm_30fps_thm.png (80x40) [16.6 KB] || seaIce_therm_30fps.webmhd.webm (960x540) [9.3 MB] || seaIce_therm_30fps.mov (1280x720) [169.8 MB] || ", "release_date": "2009-10-05T02:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:36.006647-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 496002, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010400/a010492/seaIce_therm_30fps.00002_print.jpg", "filename": "seaIce_therm_30fps.00002_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. Each winter existing sea ice thickens and new, thinner ice is formed. This conceptual animation shows a cut-away view of the seasonal advance and retreat of Arctic sea ice, demonstrating the current trend toward a thinning ice pack, with less of the thicker multi-year ice surviving each summer's melt.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406663, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3631, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3631/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Daily Arctic Sea Ice - Summer 2009", "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.Duing the summer of 2009, the arctic sea ice reached its minimum extent on September 12th. The 2009 minimum extent was the third lowest extent measured since the beginning of the satellite record in 1979. This animation shows the summer retreat of sea ice over the Arctic from 7/1/2009 through 9/12/2009. The sea ice was defined by a 3-day moving average of the AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration, showing the region where the sea ice concentration was greater than 15%. The false color of the sea ice was derived from the AMSR-E 6.25 km brightness temperature. || ", "release_date": "2009-09-07T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:39.369868-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 496498, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003600/a003631/seaice_2009_wDates.0439.jpg", "filename": "seaice_2009_wDates.0439.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation shows the retreat of the sea ice over the Arctic from 7/1/2009 through 9/12/2009. ", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406664, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3593, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3593/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Fall and Winter Arctic Sea Ice Thickness Declining Rapidly", "description": "Using five years of data from NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), a team of NASA and university scientists made the first basin-wide estimate of the thickness and volume of the Arctic Ocean ice cover between 2003 and 2008. The scientists found that younger, thinner ice has replaced older, thicker ice as the dominant type over the past five years. Until recently, the majority of Arctic ice survived at least one summer and often several. That balance has now flipped. Seasonal ice, or ice that melts and re-freezes every year, now comprises about 70 percent of the Arctic sea ice in wintertime, up from 40 to 50 percent in the 1980s and 1990s. Thicker ice - surviving two or more years - now comprises just 10 percent of ice cover, down from 30 to 40 percent in years past.Sea ice thickness has been hard to measure directly so scientists have typically used estimates of ice age to approximate thickness. With ICESat, NASA scientists were for the first time able to monitor the ice thickness and volume changes over the entire Arctic Ocean. The Arctic ice cap grows each winter as the sun sets for several months and intense cold sets in. The total volume of winter Arctic ice is equal to the volume of fresh water in Lake Superior and Lake Michigan combined. Some of that ice is naturally pushed out of the Arctic by winds, while much of it melts in place. But not all of the ice in the Arctic melts each summer, and the thicker, older ice that survives one or more summers is more likely to persist through the next summer. This older, thicker ice is declining thinner ice that is more vulnerable to summer melt. Seasonal sea ice usually reaches about 2 meters (6 feet) in thickness, while ice that has lasted through more than one summer averages 3 meters (9 feet), though it can grow much thicker in some locations near the coast. From 2003 to 2008, multi-year ice has thinned by an average of 60 centimeters (2 feet). The total ice volume in winter has decreased by 6,300 cubic kilometers, or 40 percent. The maximum extent of multi-year ice is now one-third of what it was in the 1990s. || ", "release_date": "2009-03-05T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:53.792607-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 498958, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003500/a003593/2008winter.jpg", "filename": "2008winter.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This sequence shows Arctic sea ice thickness derived from winter and fall campaigns from the ICESat satellite. Sea ice grows extent grows in the summer and shrinks in the winter. While the sea ice extent might look similar from year to year this thickness data shows dramatic thinning especially near the North Pole (shown in dark blue). This image was generated with data acquired between Feb 17 - Mar 21, 2008.", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } } }, { "id": 406665, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3592, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3592/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Fall Arctic Sea Ice Thickness Declining Rapidly", "description": "Using five years of data from NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), a team of NASA and university scientists made the first basin-wide estimate of the thickness and volume of the Arctic Ocean ice cover between 2003 and 2008. The scientists found that younger, thinner ice has replaced older, thicker ice as the dominant type over the past five years. Until recently, the majority of Arctic ice survived at least one summer and often several. That balance has now flipped. Seasonal ice, or ice that melts and re-freezes every year, now comprises about 70 percent of the Arctic sea ice in wintertime, up from 40 to 50 percent in the 1980s and 1990s. Thicker ice - surviving two or more years - now comprises just 10 percent of ice cover, down from 30 to 40 percent in years past.Sea ice thickness has been hard to measure directly so scientists have typically used estimates of ice age to approximate thickness. With ICESat, NASA scientists were for the first time able to monitor the ice thickness and volume changes over the entire Arctic Ocean. The Arctic ice cap grows each winter as the sun sets for several months and intense cold sets in. The total volume of winter Arctic ice is equal to the volume of fresh water in Lake Superior and Lake Michigan combined. Some of that ice is naturally pushed out of the Arctic by winds, while much of it melts in place. But not all of the ice in the Arctic melts each summer, and the thicker, older ice that survives one or more summers is more likely to persist through the next summer. This older, thicker ice is declining thinner ice that is more vulnerable to summer melt. Seasonal sea ice usually reaches about 2 meters (6 feet) in thickness, while ice that has lasted through more than one summer averages 3 meters (9 feet), though it can grow much thicker in some locations near the coast. From 2003 to 2008, multi-year ice has thinned by an average of 60 centimeters (2 feet). The total ice volume in winter has decreased by 6,300 cubic kilometers, or 40 percent. The maximum extent of multi-year ice is now one-third of what it was in the 1990s. || ", "release_date": "2009-04-05T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:51.195937-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 499048, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003500/a003592/2008fall.jpg", "filename": "2008fall.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This sequence shows Arctic sea ice thickness derived from fall campaigns from the ICESat satellite. While the sea ice extent might look similar from year to year this thickness data shows dramatic thinning especially near the North Pole (shown in dark blue). This image was generated with data acquired between Oct 4 - Oct 19, 2008.", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } } }, { "id": 406666, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3589, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3589/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Winter Arctic Sea Ice Thickness Declining Rapidly", "description": "Using five years of data from NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), a team of NASA and university scientists made the first basin-wide estimate of the thickness and volume of the Arctic Ocean ice cover between 2003 and 2008. The scientists found that younger, thinner ice has replaced older, thicker ice as the dominant type over the past five years. Until recently, the majority of Arctic ice survived at least one summer and often several. That balance has now flipped. Seasonal ice, or ice that melts and re-freezes every year, now comprises about 70 percent of the Arctic sea ice in wintertime, up from 40 to 50 percent in the 1980s and 1990s. Thicker ice - surviving two or more years - now comprises just 10 percent of ice cover, down from 30 to 40 percent in years past.Sea ice thickness has been hard to measure directly so scientists have typically used estimates of ice age to approximate thickness. With ICESat, NASA scientists were for the first time able to monitor the ice thickness and volume changes over the entire Arctic Ocean. The Arctic ice cap grows each winter as the sun sets for several months and intense cold sets in. The total volume of winter Arctic ice is equal to the volume of fresh water in Lake Superior and Lake Michigan combined. Some of that ice is naturally pushed out of the Arctic by winds, while much of it melts in place. But not all of the ice in the Arctic melts each summer, and the thicker, older ice that survives one or more summers is more likely to persist through the next summer. This older, thicker ice is declining thinner ice that is more vulnerable to summer melt. Seasonal sea ice usually reaches about 2 meters (6 feet) in thickness, while ice that has lasted through more than one summer averages 3 meters (9 feet), though it can grow much thicker in some locations near the coast. From 2003 to 2008, multi-year ice has thinned by an average of 60 centimeters (2 feet). The total ice volume in winter has decreased by 6,300 cubic kilometers, or 40 percent. The maximum extent of multi-year ice is now one-third of what it was in the 1990s. || ", "release_date": "2009-03-05T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:53.600186-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 499153, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003500/a003589/2008winter.jpg", "filename": "2008winter.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This sequence shows Arctic sea ice thickness derived from winter campaigns from the ICESat satellite. While the sea ice extent might look similar from year to year this thickness data shows dramatic thinning especially near the North Pole (shown in dark blue). This image was generated with data acquired between Feb 17 - Mar 21, 2008.", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } } }, { "id": 406667, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3498, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3498/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice Yearly Maximum from 2003 through 2009", "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean, typically averaging a few meters in thickness. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its maximum extent at the end of each winter, generally in February or March. This series of images of the yearly sea ice maximum extent depicts data from the AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite. The false color in these images of sea ice is derived from the daily AMSR-E 6.25 km 89 GHz brightness temperature while the sea ice extent is derived from the daily AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration. || ", "release_date": "2008-04-20T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:26.655182-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 499606, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003400/a003498/NP_seaIce_max_2009_STILL.20928_sm_web.png", "filename": "NP_seaIce_max_2009_STILL.20928_sm_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The 2009 maximum sea ice extent that occurred on February 28, 2009.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } } }, { "id": 406668, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3753, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3753/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Shrinking Sea Ice Highlights Changing Climate", "description": "A glass of iced tea doesn't stay cold for long on a summer day. As it melts the temperature in the glass rises. The phenomenon is similar to ice floating on the ocean. It melts and ocean temperatures rise. Ice shows deep, persistent, global changes more readily than other kinds of geographic features. Where the world stays cold over time, liquid water freezes. Where the world persistently grows warm, ice thaws. That's why polar caps are natural targets for research into global climate change. Changes in ice are measurable and comparatively clear compared to other planetary signals. Ice at the top of the world floats on endless ocean; there is no landmass to anchor ice at the North Pole. Influenced by water circulating beneath, the northern polar cap presents one of the most dramatic locations for monitoring changing climatological conditions.NASA monitors ice sheets and other aspects of the cryosphere with a number of different research platforms. The ICESat vehicle uses technology called lidar to take hundreds of millions of topographic measurements. By bouncing a laser off Earth's surface and measuring the time it takes to return to the spacecraft, researchers can precisely measure ice sheet elevation. The AMSR-E instrument flying on the NASA's AQUA satellite makes measurements about the concentration and temperature of sea ice. Sea ice and layers of snow that often settle on it play an appreciable role in the retention of thermal energy in the ocean. AMSR-E also collects data about land area snow cover depth and water content, important information for hydrologists and other land management professionals.For millennia, the Northern polar cap presented a constant, reliable, and climatologically essential promise of ice. Now that reality is beginning to crack and melt, and the fundamental nature of our home planet faces unprecedented transformation into something new. Space based research delivers data about our home planet with extraordinary precision, detail, and reliability. || ", "release_date": "2008-10-27T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2017-12-15T10:47:02.768882-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 435496, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003700/a003753/sea_ice_1979.jpg", "filename": "sea_ice_1979.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "In the last thirty years total quantities of Arctic ice dramatically shrank.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406669, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3563, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3563/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Sea Ice Yearly Minimum with Graph Overlay 1979-2008", "description": "The continued significant reduction in the extent of the summer sea ice cover is a dramatic illustration of the pronounced impact increased global temperatures are having on the Arctic regions. There has also been a significant reduction in the relative amount of older, thicker ice. Satellite-based passive microwave images of the sea ice cover have provided a reliable tool for continuously monitoring changes in the extent of the Arctic ice cover since 1979. The ice parameters derived from satellite ice concentration data that are most relevant to climate change studies are sea ice extent and ice area. This visualization shows ice extent in the background and ice area in the foreground. Ice extent is defined here as the integrated sum of the areas of data elements (pixels) with at least 15% ice concentration while ice area is the integrated sum of the products of the area of each pixel and the corresponding ice concentration. Ice extent provides information about how far south (or north) the ice extends in winter and how far north (or south) it retreats toward the continent in the summer while the ice area provides the total area actually covered by sea ice which is useful for estimating the total volume and therefore mass, given the average ice thickness. For more information about these ice datasets, see The Journal of Geophysical Research VOL. 113, C02S07, doi:10.1029/2007JC004257, 2008 || ", "release_date": "2008-10-29T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:02.247963-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 501036, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003500/a003563/print2008SeaIceEarthGraphSequence.1933.jpg", "filename": "print2008SeaIceEarthGraphSequence.1933.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Annual Arctic Sea Ice Minimum from 1979 to 2008.", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } } }, { "id": 406670, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3556, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3556/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "2008 Arctic Sea Ice from AMSR-E", "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover. The AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite acquires high resolution measurements of the 89 GHz brightness temperature near the poles. Because this is a passive microwave sensor which is not so sensitive to atmospheric effects, this sensor is able to observe the entire polar region every day, even through clouds and snowfall. The false color of the sea ice, derived from the AMSR-E 6.25 km 89 GHz brightness temperature, highlights the fissures or divergence areas in the sea ice cover by warm brightness temperatures (in blue) while cold brightness temperatures, shown in brighter white, represent consolidated sea ice. The sea ice edge is defined by the 15% ice concentration contour in the three-day moving average of the AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration data.The animations below show the continuous motion of the Arctic sea ice during 2008, from January 1 through September 14, the week during which the Arctic sea ice reached its minimum extent. The 2008 minimum extent of 4.52 sq km (1.74 sq miles) is the second lowest extent recorded since 1979. || ", "release_date": "2008-10-02T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:03.865952-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 501631, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003500/a003556/SeaIce_2008_V1_wDate.2056.jpg", "filename": "SeaIce_2008_V1_wDate.2056.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The animation of Arctic sea ice from January 1 through September 14, 2008. The date is displayed in the upper right corner.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406671, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3561, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3561/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Close view of 2008 Arctic Sea Ice from AMSR-E", "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover. The AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite acquires high resolution measurements of the 89 GHz brightness temperature near the poles. Because this is a passive microwave sensor which is not so sensitive to atmospheric effects, this sensor is able to observe the entire polar region every day, even through clouds and snowfall. The false color of the sea ice, derived from the AMSR-E 6.25 km 89 GHz brightness temperature, highlights the fissures or divergence areas in the sea ice cover by warm brightness temperatures (in blue) while cold brightness temperatures, shown in brighter white, represent consolidated sea ice. The sea ice edge identifies areas containing at least 15% ice concentration in the three-day moving average of the AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration data.The animations below show the continuos motion of the Arctic sea ice during 2008 up to the point at which the Arctic sea ice reached its minimum extent. The 2008 minimum extent of 4.52 sq km (1.74 sq miles) is the second lowest extent recorded since 1979. || ", "release_date": "2008-09-14T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:04.629741-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 501673, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003500/a003561/SeaIce_V2_w_date.2056.jpg", "filename": "SeaIce_V2_w_date.2056.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The animation of Arctic sea ice from January 1 through September 12, identified by NSIDC as the minimum extent for 2008. This animation has a two second hold on September 12, 2008. The date is displayed in the upper left corner.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406672, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 10353, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10353/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Sea Ice 2008", "description": "Arctic sea ice declined this summer to its second smallest extent in the satellite era, suggesting that the record set in 2007 may not have been an anomaly. If recent trends in the melt rate continue, we could see a virtually ice-free Arctic each summer much sooner than previously thought.For complete transcript, click here. || SeaIce2008_320iPod.03621_print.jpg (1024x576) [95.6 KB] || SeaIce2008_320iPod_web.png (320x180) [129.4 KB] || SeaIce2008_320iPod_thm.png (80x40) [17.3 KB] || SeaIce2008_AppleTV.webmhd.webm (960x540) [46.7 MB] || SeaIce2008_AppleTV.m4v (960x540) [115.0 MB] || SeaIce2008_fullH264.mov (1280x720) [112.5 MB] || SeaIce2008_640iPod.m4v (640x360) [37.0 MB] || Sea_Ice_2008_640x360_Youtube.mov (640x480) [40.7 MB] || GSFC_20080925_SeaIce_m10353_2008.en_US.srt [6.0 KB] || GSFC_20080925_SeaIce_m10353_2008.en_US.vtt [5.7 KB] || SeaIce2008_320iPod.m4v (320x180) [16.6 MB] || SeaIce2008_podcast.mp4 (320x236) [14.7 MB] || SeaIce2008_512x288.mpg (512x288) [50.7 MB] || ", "release_date": "2008-09-25T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:04.343483-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 501802, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010300/a010353/SeaIce2008_320iPod.03621_print.jpg", "filename": "SeaIce2008_320iPod.03621_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Arctic sea ice declined this summer to its second smallest extent in the satellite era, suggesting that the record set in 2007 may not have been an anomaly. If recent trends in the melt rate continue, we could see a virtually ice-free Arctic each summer much sooner than previously thought.For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406673, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3368, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3368/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Annual Sea Ice Cycle over Northern Canada", "description": "Over the course of a year, sea ice in northern Canada pulsates down into the Hudson Bay and retreats northward in the summer months. In the winter months where the sea ice extends down into the bay, polar bears wander onto the ice in search of food. As summer approaches and the sea ice melts, the bears wander back onto the mainland until the next winter. Data for this animation was gathered from the Aqua satellite's Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). Aqua is a NASA satellite and the AMSR-E instrument onboard was provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). For more information on this story, please visit http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2006/polar_bears.html || ", "release_date": "2006-09-13T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:50.681155-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 510274, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003300/a003368/amsre01.0001_web.png", "filename": "amsre01.0001_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation depicts the seasonal sea ice change in northern Canada by cycling twice through August 5, 2005 to August 5, 2006.\n", "width": 320, "height": 213, "pixels": 68160 } } }, { "id": 406674, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3345, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3345/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Sea Ice Surface Temperature with Alternate Color Scale (WMS)", "description": "This animation shows the daily sea ice surface temperature over the northern hemisphere from September 2002 through May 2003. The sea ice surface temperature was measured by the MODIS instrument on the Aqua satellite. Since this instrument cannot take measurements through clouds, in cloud-covered regions or areas with suspect data quality, previous values are retained until valid data is obtained. The satellite instruments are also unable to collect data in the dark, so the data values in polar darkness are not updated during the winter until the sun moves northwards in the spring. The color of the sea ice depicts the sea ice surface temperature. || ", "release_date": "2006-03-15T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:55.550706-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 511268, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003300/a003345/SeaIcewBG.0000_searchweb.png", "filename": "SeaIcewBG.0000_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": " This animation shows the temperature of the sea ice surface in the Arctic during 2002-2003.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 370784, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/cryoanimations/#media_group_370784", "widget": "Card gallery", "title": "Antarctic Sea Ice", "caption": "", "description": "", "items": [ { "id": 406675, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4219, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4219/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Maximum Antarctic Sea Ice 2014", "description": "In this animation we see the Antarctic sea ice expansion from March, 21, 2014 through September 19, 2014, the date on which the sea ice reached its maximum annual extent. Over the water, the opacity of the sea ice is determined by a running 3-day maximum of the AMSR2 sea ice concentration. The blueish white color of the sea ice is a false color derived from a 3-day running minimum of the AMSR2 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the Antarctic continent, the LIMA data shown here uses the pan-chromatic band and has a resolution of 240 meters per pixel. || ", "release_date": "2014-10-07T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:28.619084-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 450913, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004200/a004219/SeaIceMax_2014_09.19max.2499_print.jpg", "filename": "SeaIceMax_2014_09.19max.2499_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "An animation of the Antarctic sea ice between March 21 and September 19, 2014 when the sea ice reached its maximum extent. The red extent line shows the average of the annual maximum extents from 1979 through 2014. This animation displays the daily dates.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406676, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3944, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3944/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Pulse of Snow and Sea Ice", "description": "Snow and sea ice in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres pulse at exact opposite times of year, constantly out of phase. || ", "release_date": "2012-05-14T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:04.889647-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 480399, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003900/a003944/Poles_1280x72030fps_0311_web.png", "filename": "Poles_1280x72030fps_0311_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "North and South Pole snow cover and sea ice visualization.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } } }, { "id": 406677, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3862, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3862/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Seasonal Antarctic Sea Ice", "description": "Antarctica is a land mass surrounded by an ocean which allows the sea ice here to move more freely than it does in the Northern Hemisphere. Because there are no surrounding continents to limit its movement, the sea ice is free to float northward into warmer waters where it eventually melts. As a result, almost all of the sea ice that forms during the Antarctic winter melts during the summer. During the winter, up to 18 million square kilometers (6.9 million square miles) of ocean is covered by sea ice, but by the end of summer, only about 3 million square kilometers (1.1 million square miles) of sea ice remain. Antarctic sea ice extent are characterized by fairly large variations from year to year. The monthly average extent can vary by as much as 1 million square kilometers (386,102 square miles) from the year-to-year monthly average. The AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite acquires high resolution measurements of the 89 GHz brightness temperature near the poles. Because this is a passive microwave sensor which is not so sensitive to atmospheric effects, this sensor is able to observe the entire polar region every day, even through clouds and snowfall. The false color in this animation of sea ice surrounding the South Pole is derived from the daily AMSR-E 6.25 km 89 GHz brightness temperature while the sea ice extent is derived from the daily AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration. The sea ice extent shown is generated using a three day moving average where the daily sea ice concentration is at least 15%. This animation portrays the changes in the sea ice from May 26, 2009 through July 29, 2010. || ", "release_date": "2011-09-29T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-01-05T22:04:22.222879-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 483104, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003800/a003862/Antarctic_Wdates.2031.jpg", "filename": "Antarctic_Wdates.2031.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation shows the advance and retreat of the Antarctic sea ice with a star background and a date overlay.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } }, { "id": 406678, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3854, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3854/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "AMSR-E Antarctic Sea Ice", "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.In this animation, the Antarctic sea ice progresses through time from May 26, 2009 through July 31, 2010. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day showing a running 3-day average sea ice concentration in the region where the concentration is greater than 15%. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running minimum of the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the Antarctic continent, the LIMA data shown here uses the pan-chromatic band and has a resolution of 240 meters per pixel. The Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica (LIMA) is a data product funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and jointly produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). || ", "release_date": "2011-10-24T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-01-05T00:01:18.735113-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 483268, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003800/a003854/Antarctic_comp.0500.jpg", "filename": "Antarctic_comp.0500.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation shows the sea ice around Antarctica with a star background. ", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 370785, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/cryoanimations/#media_group_370785", "widget": "Tile gallery", "title": "Antarctic Ice Sheet", "caption": "", "description": "", "items": [ { "id": 406679, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4347, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4347/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "NASA GSFC MASCON Solution over Antarctica from Jan 2004 - Jun 2014", "description": "Visualization of the mass change over the Antarctic Ice Sheet from January 2004 through June 2014. The color on the surface of the ice sheet shows the change in equivalent water height while the graph overlay shows the total accumulated change in gigatons. || GRACE_Antarctic_Wgraph_p30.2521_print.jpg (1024x576) [110.0 KB] || GRACE_Antarctic_Wgraph_p30.2521_searchweb.png (320x180) [71.0 KB] || GRACE_Antarctic_Wgraph_p30.2521_thm.png (80x40) [6.3 KB] || GRACE_Antarctic_Wgraph_p30_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [18.2 MB] || GRACE_Antarctic_Wgraph_p30_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [7.7 MB] || GRACE_Antarctic_Wgraph_p30_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [10.4 MB] || GRACE_Antarctic_Wgraph_p30_720p.webm (1280x720) [8.7 MB] || composite (1920x1080) [256.0 KB] || composite (1920x1080) [512.0 KB] || GRACE_Antarctic_Wgraph_p30_360p.mp4 (640x360) [3.8 MB] || MASCON_solution_antartica_4347.pptx [11.0 MB] || MASCON_solution_antartica_4347.key [13.6 MB] || ", "release_date": "2015-08-26T10:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-12-15T00:05:33.319872-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 441986, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004300/a004347/GRACE_Antarctic_Wgraph_p30.2521_print.jpg", "filename": "GRACE_Antarctic_Wgraph_p30.2521_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Visualization of the mass change over the Antarctic Ice Sheet from January 2004 through June 2014. The color on the surface of the ice sheet shows the change in equivalent water height while the graph overlay shows the total accumulated change in gigatons.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406680, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4168, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4168/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "West Antarctic Collapse", "description": "A new study by researchers at NASA and the University of California, Irvine, finds a rapidly melting section of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet appears to be in an irreversible state of decline, with nothing to stop the glaciers in this area from melting into the sea according to glaciologist and lead author Eric Rignot, of UC Irvine and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.Three major lines of evidence point to the glaciers' eventual demise: the changes in their flow speeds, how much of each glacier floats on seawater, and the slope and depth of the terrain they are flowing over. In a paper in April, Rignot's research group discussed the steadily increasing flow speeds of these glaciers over the past 40 years. This new study examines the other two lines of evidence.As glaciers flow out from land to the ocean, large expanses of ice behind their leading edges float on the seawater. The point on a glacier where it first loses contact with land is called the grounding line. Nearly all glacier melt occurs on the underside of the glacier beyond the grounding line, on the section floating on seawater. The Antarctic glaciers studied have thinned so much they are now floating above places where they used to sit solidly on land, which means their grounding lines are retreating inland.—>550m), while blue is thinner (<200m). The ocean flow runs from the surface to 900 m, colored white at the surface and fading to light blue at depth, and is based on the ECCO2 model over a representative two-month period. Bathymetry, topography, and ice thickness were derived from the RTopo-1 dataset of Timmermann, et al. (http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.741917). Ground color is from MODIS/Blue Marble. || ", "release_date": "2012-04-25T13:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:06.354993-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 476357, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003900/a003948/ice_shelves.0001.jpg", "filename": "ice_shelves.0001.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Animation of circulation around ice shelves of Antarctica.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406685, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3889, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3889/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Pine Island Glacier Ice Flows and Elevation Change", "description": "This animation shows glacier changes detected by ATM, ICESat and ice bridge data in the highly dynamic Pine Island Glacier. We know that ice speeds in this area have increased dramatically from the late 1990s to the present as the ice shelves in this area have thinned and the bottom of the ice has lost contact with the bed beneath. As the ice has accelerated, ice upstream of the coast must be stretched more vigorously, causing it to thin. NASA-sponsored aircraft missions first measured the ice surface height in this region in 2002, followed by ICESat data between 2002 and 2009. Ice Bridge aircraft have measured further surface heights in 2009 and 2010, and these measurements continue today. Integrating these altimetry sources allows us to estimate surface height changes throughout the drainage regions of the most important glaciers in the region. We see large and accelerating elevation changes extending inland from the coast on Pine Island glacier shown centered here. The changes on Pine Island mark these as potential continuing sources of ice to the sea, and has been surveyed in 2011 by Ice Bridge aircraft and targeted for repeat measurements in coming years. || ", "release_date": "2011-11-28T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2024-10-09T00:01:26.250300-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 481488, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003800/a003889/PineIsland.2579.jpg", "filename": "PineIsland.2579.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Animation showing ice velocity and elevation change with dates, labels and colorbars. ", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } }, { "id": 406686, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3875, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3875/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "West Antarctic Glacier Ice Flows and Elevation Change", "description": "This animation shows glacier changes detected by ATM, ICESat and ice bridge data in the highly dynamic Amundsen Embayment of West Antarctica. We know that ice speeds in this area have increased dramatically from the late 1990s to the present as the ice shelves in this area have thinned and the bottom of the ice has lost contact with the bed beneath. As the ice has accelerated, ice upstream of the coast must be stretched more vigorously, causing it to thin. NASA-sponsored aircraft missions first measured the ice surface height in this region in 2002, followed by ICESat data between 2002 and 2009. Ice Bridge aircraft have measured further surface heights in 2009 and 2010, and these measurements continue today. Integrating these altimetry sources allows us to estimate surface height changes throughout the drainage regions of the most important glaciers in the region. We see large elevation changes at the coast on Thwaites glacier, at the center of the images, and large and accelerating elevation changes extending inland from the coast on Pine Island and Smith glaciers, to the left and right of the images, respectively. The changes on Pine Island and Smith glaciers mark these as potential continuing sources of ice to the sea, and they have been surveyed in 2011 by Ice Bridge aircraft and targeted for repeat measurements in coming years. || ", "release_date": "2011-11-02T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-10-09T00:01:21.001257-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 481459, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003800/a003875/Pine_Island_comp.1289.jpg", "filename": "Pine_Island_comp.1289.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Animation showing ice velocity and elevation change with dates, labels and colorbars.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406687, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3848, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3848/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "NASA Research Leads to First Complete Map of Antarctic Ice Flow", "description": "This animation shows the motion of ice in Antarctica as measured by satellite data from CSA, JAXA and ESA processed by a NASA Research Team at UC Irvine. The background image from Landsat (visible imagery) is progressively replaced by a map of ice velocity color coded on a logarithmic scale, with values varying from 1 m/yr (brown to green) to 3,000 m/yr (green to blue and red). The animation does not show where ice is melting but how ice is naturally transported from the interior regions where it accumulates from snowfall to the coastal regions where it is discharged into the ocean as tabular icebergs and ice-shelf melt water. For the purpose of the animation, we are representing hundreds to thousands of years of motion. In the first animation, the dynamic range of the flow has been compressed, with slower flows scaled up in velocity to make visible how the flows feed from the interior of the continent. In the second, the flows speeds are in scale to each other.The result illustrates that zones of enhanced motion take their source far into the interior regions of Antarctica, at the foothills of the ridges formed by the ice tops of the continent. This pattern of motion has never been observed on that scale before. These observations have vast implications on our understanding of the flow of ice sheets and how they might respond to climate change in the future and contribute to sea level change. || ", "release_date": "2011-08-18T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-10-09T00:01:15.204458-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 484047, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003800/a003848/antarctica_flows_1_00200.jpg", "filename": "antarctica_flows_1_00200.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Differentially-scaled ice velocity ", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } }, { "id": 406688, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 10860, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10860/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Operation IceBridge Discovers Massive Crack In Ice Shelf", "description": "NASA's DC-8 flew over the Pine Island Glacier Ice Shelf on Oct. 14, 2011, as part of Operation IceBridge. A large, long-running crack was plainly visible across the ice shelf. The DC-8 took off on Oct. 26, 2011, to collect more data on the ice shelf and the crack. The area beyond the crack that could calve in the coming months covers about 310 square miles (800 sq. km). || ", "release_date": "2011-11-02T11:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:30.443941-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 482302, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010860/PIG_rift_Studinger_shadow_DC-8_DSC1261_web.png", "filename": "PIG_rift_Studinger_shadow_DC-8_DSC1261_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "NASA's DC-8 flew over the Pine Island Glacier Ice Shelf on Oct. 14, 2011, as part of Operation IceBridge. A large, long-running crack was plainly visible across the ice shelf. The DC-8 took off on Oct. 26, 2011, to collect more data on the ice shelf and the crack. The area beyond the crack that could calve in the coming months covers about 310 square miles (800 sq. km).", "width": 320, "height": 212, "pixels": 67840 } } }, { "id": 406689, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3803, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3803/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Ice Fronts on the Larsen B Ice Shelf, 2001-2009", "description": "This animation shows the location of the edges of ice shelves and glaciers in and around the Larsen B Embayment of Antarctica, over successive Springs between 2001 and 2009. || Glacier/ice edges || larsen_0001.jpg (1280x720) [216.3 KB] || larsen_0001_web.png (320x180) [99.9 KB] || larsen_0001_thm.png (80x40) [7.3 KB] || 1280x720_16x9_30p (1280x720) [64.0 KB] || larsen.mp4 (1280x720) [7.3 MB] || larsen.webmhd.webm (960x540) [6.1 MB] || ", "release_date": "2010-11-14T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:57.219105-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 488925, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003800/a003803/larsen_0001.jpg", "filename": "larsen_0001.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Glacier/ice edges", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406690, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3414, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3414/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Sample LIMA Data versus MOA Data of Ferrar Glacier", "description": "The Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica (LIMA) is a data product funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and jointly produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The images shown here are compared to what is currently the best mosaic of Antarctica called the MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA). MOA is a composite of 260 swaths comprised of both Terra and Aqua MODIS images acquired between November 20, 2003 and February 29, 2004. MOA's data resolution is approximately 150 meters per pixel. From large continental views of Antarctica, MOA is more than adequate. However, as we get closer in to the surface, the resolution of the MOA data begins to show, thus highlighting the value of the LIMA product once it is complete. The LIMA data shown here uses the pan-chromatic band which translates to a resolution of 15 meters per pixel (opposed to MOA's 150 meters per pixel resolution). The 13 swaths used to generate this sample mosaic where acquired between December 25, 1999 and December 31, 2001. The elevation shown is actual (1x). Comparing this sample LIMA data set alongside MOA data over the same region shows the value of having a higher resolution view of Antarctica. || ", "release_date": "2007-03-08T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:43.992989-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 509034, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003400/a003414/ferrar_0179.jpg", "filename": "ferrar_0179.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This brief animation does a mosaic dissolve between the lower resolution MOA data of Ferrar Glacier to the high resolution LIMA data of the same region.\n", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406691, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3415, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3415/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Sample LIMA Data versus MOA Data of Koettlitz Glacier", "description": "The Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica (LIMA) is a data product funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and jointly produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The images shown here are compared to what is currently the best mosaic of Antarctica called the MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA). MOA is a composite of 260 swaths comprised of both Terra and Aqua MODIS images acquired between November 20, 2003 and February 29, 2004. MOA's data resolution is approximately 150 meters per pixel. From large continental views of Antarctica, MOA is more than adequate. However, as we get closer in to the surface, the resolution of the MOA data begins to show, thus highlighting the value of the LIMA product once it is complete. The LIMA data shown here uses the pan-chromatic band which translates to a resolution of 15 meters per pixel (opposed to MOA's 150 meters per pixel resolution). The 13 swaths used to generate this sample mosaic where acquired between December 25, 1999 and December 31, 2001. The elevation shown is actual (1x). Comparing this sample LIMA data set alongside MOA data over the same region shows the value of having a higher resolution view of Antarctica. || ", "release_date": "2007-03-08T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:44.060071-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 509048, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003400/a003415/koettlitz_0179.jpg", "filename": "koettlitz_0179.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This brief animation does a mosaic dissolve between the lower resolution MOA data of Koettlitz Glacier to the high resolution LIMA data of the same region.\n", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406692, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3416, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3416/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Sample LIMA Data versus MOA Data of the Area Surrounding McMurdo Station", "description": "The Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica (LIMA) is a data product funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and jointly produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The images shown here are compared to what is currently the best mosaic of Antarctica called the MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA). MOA is a composite of 260 swaths comprised of both Terra and Aqua MODIS images acquired between November 20, 2003 and February 29, 2004. MOA's data resolution is approximately 150 meters per pixel. From large continental views of Antarctica, MOA is more than adequate. However, as we get closer in to the surface, the resolution of the MOA data begins to show, thus highlighting the value of the LIMA product once it is complete. The LIMA data shown here uses the pan-chromatic band which translates to a resolution of 15 meters per pixel (opposed to MOA's 150 meters per pixel resolution). The 13 swaths used to generate this sample mosaic where acquired between December 25, 1999 and December 31, 2001. The elevation shown is actual (1x). Comparing this sample LIMA data set alongside MOA data over the same region shows the value of having a higher resolution view of Antarctica. || ", "release_date": "2007-03-08T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:44.123275-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 509062, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003400/a003416/lima_overview_mosaic_0179.jpg", "filename": "lima_overview_mosaic_0179.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This brief animation does a mosaic dissolve between the lower resolution MOA data of the area surrounding McMurdo Station to the high resolution LIMA data of the same region.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406693, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3417, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3417/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Sample LIMA Data versus MOA Data of McMurdo Station", "description": "The Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica (LIMA) is a data product funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and jointly produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The images shown here are compared to what is currently the best mosaic of Antarctica called the MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA). MOA is a composite of 260 swaths comprised of both Terra and Aqua MODIS images acquired between November 20, 2003 and February 29, 2004. MOA's data resolution is approximately 150 meters per pixel. From large continental views of Antarctica, MOA is more than adequate. However, as we get closer in to the surface, the resolution of the MOA data begins to show, thus highlighting the value of the LIMA product once it is complete. The LIMA data shown here uses the pan-chromatic band which translates to a resolution of 15 meters per pixel (opposed to MOA's 150 meters per pixel resolution). The 13 swaths used to generate this sample mosaic where acquired between December 25, 1999 and December 31, 2001. The elevation shown is actual (1x). Comparing this sample LIMA data set alongside MOA data over the same region shows the value of having a higher resolution view of Antarctica. || ", "release_date": "2007-03-08T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:44.188169-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 509075, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003400/a003417/mcmurdo_0179.jpg", "filename": "mcmurdo_0179.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This brief animation does a mosaic dissolve between the lower resolution MOA data of McMurdo Station to the high resolution LIMA data of the same region.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406694, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3418, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3418/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Sample LIMA Data versus MOA Data of Ross Island", "description": "The Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica (LIMA) is a data product funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and jointly produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The images shown here are compared to what is currently the best mosaic of Antarctica called the MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA). MOA is a composite of 260 swaths comprised of both Terra and Aqua MODIS images acquired between November 20, 2003 and February 29, 2004. MOA's data resolution is approximately 150 meters per pixel. From large continental views of Antarctica, MOA is more than adequate. However, as we get closer in to the surface, the resolution of the MOA data begins to show, thus highlighting the value of the LIMA product once it is complete. The LIMA data shown here uses the pan-chromatic band which translates to a resolution of 15 meters per pixel (opposed to MOA's 150 meters per pixel resolution). The 13 swaths used to generate this sample mosaic where acquired between December 25, 1999 and December 31, 2001. The elevation shown is actual (1x). Comparing this sample LIMA data set alongside MOA data over the same region shows the value of having a higher resolution view of Antarctica. || ", "release_date": "2007-03-08T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:44.251276-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 509089, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003400/a003418/ross_0179.jpg", "filename": "ross_0179.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This brief animation does a mosaic dissolve between the lower resolution MOA data of the area where Ross Island meets the Ross Ice Shelf to the high resolution LIMA data of the same region.\n", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406695, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 20100, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20100/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "Antarctic Sub-glacial Lakes", "description": "The following animation helps to explain the dynamics of subglacial water exchange and what it looks like from space. Starting from an artist's concept of the Antarctic surface we move down to a cross section of the ice sheet with lakes hidden deep beneath. As pressure is exerted on one lake, the water in it is forced to an adjacent lake. This water movement results in elevation changes at the surface over both lakes, detectable by NASA satellites. The camera then moves to a 'top-down' view of a system of these hidden lakes and streams before dissolving into observed satellite data. || ", "release_date": "2007-02-27T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:44.558779-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 509171, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020100/a020100/plumbingf00002_print.jpg", "filename": "plumbingf00002_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation illustrates the dynamics of the network of subglacial lakes far beneath the ice streams of Antarctica.", "width": 1024, "height": 698, "pixels": 714752 } } }, { "id": 406696, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3123, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3123/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Larsen Ice Shelf Collapse (WMS)", "description": "The Larsen ice shelf at the northern end of the Antarctic Peninsula experienced a dramatic collapse between January 31 and March 7, 2002. First, melt ponds appeared on the ice shelf during these summer months (seen in blue on the shelf), then a minor collapse of about 800 square kilometers occurred. Finally, a 2600 square kilometer collapse took place, leaving thousands of sliver icebergs and berg fragments where the shelf formerly lay. Brownish streaks within the floating chunks mark areas where rocks and morainal debris are exposed from the former underside and interior of the shelf. These images were acquired by the MODIS instrument on the Terra satellite. || ", "release_date": "2005-03-04T12:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-02-02T22:00:10.018947-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 515147, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003100/a003123/larsen_pre_searchweb.jpg", "filename": "larsen_pre_searchweb.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The Larsen ice shelf collapse in 2002 as seen by MODISThis product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 370786, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/cryoanimations/#media_group_370786", "widget": "Card gallery", "title": "Other Glaciers", "caption": "", "description": "", "items": [ { "id": 406697, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 11030, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11030/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Columbia Glacier, Alaska, 1986-2011", "description": "The Columbia Glacier in Alaska is one of many vanishing around the world. Glacier retreat is one of the most direct and understandable effects of climate change. The consequences of the decline in alpine glaciers include contributing to global sea level rise. || ", "release_date": "2012-07-23T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:52:54.305248-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 474840, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011000/a011030/11030_columbia_1986-2011_timelapse.00674_print.jpg", "filename": "11030_columbia_1986-2011_timelapse.00674_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Timelapse of Columbia Glacier, Alaska, from 1986-2011.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406698, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 2969, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2969/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Glaciers Spur Alaskan Earthquakes", "description": "In a new study, NASA and United States Geological Survey (USGS) scientists found that retreating glaciers in southern Alaska may be opening the way for future earthquakes. The study examined the likelihood of increased earthquake activity in southern Alaska as a result of rapidly melting glaciers. As glaciers melt they lighten the load on the Earth's crust. Tectonic plates, that are mobile pieces of the Earth's crust, can then move more freely, which increases the probability of earthquakes occurring in this region. || ", "release_date": "2004-08-03T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:39.355023-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 519180, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a002900/a002969/quakes20030802_web.jpg", "filename": "quakes20030802_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Southern Alaskan Earthquakes from 1-18-1993 to 8-2-2003.", "width": 320, "height": 240, "pixels": 76800 } } }, { "id": 406699, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3429, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3429/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Ayles Ice Shelf Breakup Viewed from Overhead", "description": "On August 13, 2005, almost the entire Ayles Ice Shelf calved from the northern edge of Ellesmere Island. This continues the trend of dramatic loss of these ice shelves over the past century, reducing the remaining ice shelves there from six to five. Since 1900, approximately 90% of the Ellesmere Island ice shelves have calved and floated away. There is insufficient new ice formation to replace the ice that has been lost. The Ayles calving event was the largest in at least the last 25 years; a total of 87.1 sq km (33.6 sq miles) of ice was lost in this event, of which the largest piece was 66.4 sq km (25.6 sq. miles) in area. This piece is equivalent in size to approximately 11,000 football fields or a little larger than the island of Manhattan. || ", "release_date": "2007-05-28T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:41.399117-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 508464, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003400/a003429/Ayles_M1_720_withOverlay0900_web.png", "filename": "Ayles_M1_720_withOverlay0900_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Animation zooms to view the ice shelf from overhead and sequences through the satellite images showing the breakup. The overlay shows the region of interest and the date and time.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } } }, { "id": 406700, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3430, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3430/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Ayles Ice Shelf Breakup Viewed from Northwest Coastline", "description": "On August 13, 2005, almost the entire Ayles Ice Shelf calved from the northern edge of Ellesmere Island. This continues the trend of dramatic loss of these ice shelves over the past century, reducing the remaining ice shelves there from six to five. Since 1900, approximately 90% of the Ellesmere Island ice shelves have calved and floated away. There is insufficient new ice formation to replace the ice that has been lost. The Ayles calving event was the largest in at least the last 25 years; a total of 87.1 sq km (33.6 sq miles) of ice was lost in this event, of which the largest piece was 66.4 sq km (25.6 sq. miles) in area. This piece is equivalent in size to approximately 11,000 football fields or a little larger than the island of Manhattan. || ", "release_date": "2007-05-28T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:41.568986-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 508519, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003400/a003430/Ayles_M2_720_withOverlay.0900.jpg", "filename": "Ayles_M2_720_withOverlay.0900.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Animation zooms to view the ice shelf as seen from the northwest coastline and sequences through the satellite images showing the ice shelf breakup. An overlay shows the date and time, the region of interest and the area of the ice shelf broken.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 370787, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/cryoanimations/#media_group_370787", "widget": "Card gallery", "title": "Snow", "caption": "", "description": "", "items": [ { "id": 406701, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4256, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4256/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "The Winter of 2013 – 2014: A Cold, Snowy and Icy Winter in North America", "description": "This animation shows the snow cover over North America during the 2013-2014 winter as well as the ice concentration over the Great Lakes. The date and a graph showing the percent of ice cover over the Great Lakes and Lake Superior is shown on this version. || GreatLakes_ice_2014-15_30p.02845_print.jpg (1024x576) [134.0 KB] || GreatLakes_ice_2014-15_30p.02845_searchweb.png (320x180) [90.3 KB] || GreatLakes_ice_2014-15_30p.02845_thm.png (80x40) [6.6 KB] || GreatLakes_Ice_2013-2014_720.mp4 (1280x720) [42.1 MB] || GreatLakes_Ice_2013-2014_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [74.5 MB] || GreatLakes_ice_withOlay (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || GreatLakes_ice_withOlay (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || GreatLakes_Ice_2013-2014_720.webm (1280x720) [27.5 MB] || GreatLakes_Ice_2013-2014_4256.key [45.7 MB] || GreatLakes_Ice_2013-2014_4256.pptx [43.1 MB] || ", "release_date": "2015-03-16T10:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-02-02T22:19:57.509972-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 444850, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004200/a004256/GreatLakes_ice_2014-15_30p.02845_print.jpg", "filename": "GreatLakes_ice_2014-15_30p.02845_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation shows the snow cover over North America during the 2013-2014 winter as well as the ice concentration over the Great Lakes. The date and a graph showing the percent of ice cover over the Great Lakes and Lake Superior is shown on this version.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406702, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 2981, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2981/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Global Daily Snow and Sea Ice Surface Temperature", "description": "This animation shows the global advance and retreat of daily snow cover along with daily sea ice surface temperature over the Northern Hemisphere from September 2002 through May 2003. The snow cover was measured by the MODIS instrument on the Terra satellite, while the sea ice surface temperature was measured by the MODIS instrument on the Aqua satellite. Since these instruments cannot take measurements through clouds, in cloud-covered regions or areas with suspect data quality, the prior day's value is retained until a valid data reading is obtained. This visualization designates an area as covered by snow when the instrument takes a valid measurement showing greater than ~50% snow coverage in that area. This area is assumed to be snow covered until the instrument takes a valid measurement showing less than 40% snow coverage in that same area. A color bar indicates the sea ice surface temperature values. The satellite instruments are unable to collect data through darkness. The region in polar darkness is shown as a gray cap over the pole that grows and shrinks seasonally. A date slider indicates the progression of time. SeaWiFS Land Reflectance shows the seasonal changes in land cover. || ", "release_date": "2004-09-25T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:33.158940-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 517965, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a002900/a002981/ModisSnowIce_720x400_pre_searchweb.jpg", "filename": "ModisSnowIce_720x400_pre_searchweb.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation shows the daily advance and retreat of snow cover, and sea ice surface temperature over the Northern Hemisphere during the\nwinter of 2002-2003. Snow cover over the tip of South America is also shown during the summer of 2000.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } } }, { "id": 406703, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4055, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4055/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Seasonal Vegetation and Snow Change", "description": "To determine the density of green on a patch of land, researchers must observe the wavelengths of visible and near-infrared sunlight reflected by the plants. The pigment in plant leaves, chlorophyll, strongly absorbs visible light (from 0.4 um - 0.7 um). Vegetation strongly reflects near-infrared light (from 0.7 -1.0 um). The more healthy leaves a plant has, the more the the visible light will be absorbed and the near-infrared will be reflected. In this animation, dark green indicates dense, healthy vegetation, whereas beige areas represent bare soil. Snow from the MODIS instruments is overlaid on top. || ", "release_date": "2013-03-19T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:52:18.203310-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 467352, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004000/a004055/compositesnow_print.3995.jpg", "filename": "compositesnow_print.3995.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This 30 second animation shows 907 days (~2.5 years) of MODIS snow data overlaid on top of MODIS NDVI data. The still image is from January 2.This video is also available on our YouTube channel.", "width": 5760, "height": 3420, "pixels": 19699200 } } }, { "id": 406704, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3944, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3944/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Pulse of Snow and Sea Ice", "description": "Snow and sea ice in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres pulse at exact opposite times of year, constantly out of phase. || ", "release_date": "2012-05-14T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:04.889647-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 480399, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003900/a003944/Poles_1280x72030fps_0311_web.png", "filename": "Poles_1280x72030fps_0311_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "North and South Pole snow cover and sea ice visualization.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } } }, { "id": 406705, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3928, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3928/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "North America Snow Cover 2009-2012", "description": "This entry features visualization material of daily snow cover over North America from July 1, 2009 - March 11, 2012 and still images of snow cover in the Western region of United States. || ", "release_date": "2012-04-07T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:09.274838-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 477075, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003900/a003928/SnowCoverMapNA_1280x72030fps_1205_web.png", "filename": "SnowCoverMapNA_1280x72030fps_1205_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Visualization of North America Snow Cover Map for the period of July 1, 2009 - March 11, 2012.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } } }, { "id": 406706, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 30372, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30372/", "page_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "title": "Monthly Snow Cover", "description": "Snow and ice cover most of the Earth's polar regions throughout the year, but the coverage at lower latitudes changes with the seasons. Northern Hemisphere snow cover changes dramatically throughout the year, but the only significant snow cover in the Southern Hemisphere is in Antarctica, which has very few snow-free areas at any time of the year. These maps show monthly snow cover data from February 2000 to the present, derived using observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard NASA's Terra satellite. The colors show the percent of land area that is covered with snow. The white areas show lands that were completely snow-covered, while the light blue shades show regions in which there was only partial snow cover. || ", "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-10-13T00:23:53.744006-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 429644, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a030000/a030300/a030372/mod10c1_m_snow_2013-09_print.jpg", "filename": "mod10c1_m_snow_2013-09_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Monthly snow cover derived using MODIS data, February 2000 to present.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 370788, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/cryoanimations/#media_group_370788", "widget": "Tile gallery", "title": "Other", "caption": "", "description": "", "items": [ { "id": 406707, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4271, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4271/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Landsat-8 Long Arctic Swath", "description": "Landsat 8 observed this arctic swath of data on June 21, 2014. This section captures Victoria Island, the boundary between the Nunavut and the Northwest Territories of Canada, and the Amundsen Gulf. The Prince Albert Sound and the Dolphin and Union Strait are still ice covered. || longer_Landsat8swathJune212014.3050_print.jpg (1024x576) [90.0 KB] || longer_Landsat8swathJune212014.3050_searchweb.png (320x180) [67.1 KB] || longer_Landsat8swathJune212014.3050_thm.png (80x40) [6.3 KB] || longer_Landsat8swathJune212014_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [31.3 MB] || reveal (1920x1080) [256.0 KB] || longer_Landsat8swathJune212014_1080.webm (1920x1080) [12.7 MB] || ", "release_date": "2015-02-16T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:49:58.972781-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 446335, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004200/a004271/longer_Landsat8swathJune212014.3050_print.jpg", "filename": "longer_Landsat8swathJune212014.3050_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Landsat 8 observed this arctic swath of data on June 21, 2014. This section captures Victoria Island, the boundary between the Nunavut and the Northwest Territories of Canada, and the Amundsen Gulf. The Prince Albert Sound and the Dolphin and Union Strait are still ice covered.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406708, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4154, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4154/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Early Spring Frost-Free Regions: Comparing 1950s and 2010s", "description": "These visualizations show observational evidence that the growing season (climatalogical spring) is occurring earlier in the northen hemisphere. Scientists analyze recorded ground temperatures throughout each season and determine the earliest frost-free dates for each location every year. The earliest frost-free date in a growing season often does not correspond to the northern hemisphere's Spring equinox (about March 20), which is the astronomical first day of Spring.The visualziations below show frost-free regions for March 20 and April 20. The regions colored in light green are the frost-free regions averaged from 1950 through 1952. The darker green regions that fade on are the additional areas covered by the frost-free regions averaged from 2009 through 2011. More area is frost-free in the each of the 2009-2011 averages compared to the 1950-1952 averages. || ", "release_date": "2014-03-19T17:45:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-10-09T00:04:19.457590-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 457146, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004100/a004154/spring_america_march.1400.jpg", "filename": "spring_america_march.1400.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "March 20 frost-free regions over North America. Light green is the 1950-1952 average, darker green is the additional area for the 2009-2011 average.This video is also available on our YouTube channel.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } }, { "id": 406709, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 30371, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30371/", "page_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "title": "Monthly Albedo", "description": "When sunlight reaches the Earth’s surface, some of it is absorbed and some is reflected. The relative amount, or ratio, of light that a surface reflects compared to the total incoming sunlight is called albedo. Surfaces with high albedos include sand, snow and ice, and some urban surfaces, such as concrete. Surfaces with low albedos include forests, the ocean, and some urban surfaces, such as asphalt. These maps show monthly albedo from February 2000 to the present, on a scale from 0 (no incoming sunlight being reflected) to 0.9 (nearly all incoming light being reflected). Darker blue colors indicate that the surface is not reflecting much light, while paler blues indicate higher proportions of incoming light are being reflected. Black areas indicate “no data,” either over ocean or because persistent cloudiness prevented enough views of the surface. The observations are based on atmospherically corrected, cloud-cleared reflectance observations from the MODIS sensors on NASA’s Aqua and Terra satellites. || ", "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-02-02T23:31:37.943659-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 429634, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a030000/a030300/a030371/mcd43c3_m_bsa_2013-09_print.jpg", "filename": "mcd43c3_m_bsa_2013-09_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Monthly albedo observations derived using MODIS data, 2000 to present.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406710, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 11054, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11054/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Earth's Water Cycle", "description": "Water is the fundamental ingredient for life on Earth. Looking at our Earth from space, with its vast and deep ocean, it appears as though there is an abundance of water for our use. However, only a small portion of Earth's water is accessible for our needs. How much fresh water exists and where it is stored affects us all. This animation uses Earth science data from a variety of sensors on NASA Earth observing satellites as well as cartoons to describe Earth's water cycle and the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. Sensors on a suite of NASA satellites observe and measure water on land, in the ocean and in the atmosphere. These measurements are important to understanding the availability and distribution of Earth's water — vital to life and vulnerable to the impacts of climate change on a growing world population.NASA Earth Observing System Data and Information Systems (EOSDIS) EOSDIS is a distributed system of twelve data centers and science investigator processing systems. EOSDIS processes, archives, and distributes data from Earth observing satellites, field campaigns, airborne sensors, and related Earth science programs. These data enable the study of Earth from space to advance scientific understanding.For questions, please contact eosdis-outreach@lists.nasa.gov || ", "release_date": "2012-08-02T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:52:52.412488-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 473538, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011000/a011054/WaterCycle_MODIS.png", "filename": "WaterCycle_MODIS.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "No Narration", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406711, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3927, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3927/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "ICESCAPE Mission Measures High Chlorophyll-a Under the Ice", "description": "ICESCAPE is a multi-year NASA mission to study biogeochemical and ecological impacts of climate change in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas in the Arctic. During 2011, the ICESCAPE mission acquired data while sailing on the US Coast Guard Cutter Healy. This visualization shows both the technique used by the ICESCAPE mission to take data measurements as well as some of the data that was taken.The visualization shows the ICESCAPE ship's path through the Chukchi and Beaufort seas north of Alaska from July 3, 2011 through July 8, 2011. The ship stops and takes measurements along the way. The measurements are taken by canisters lowered to various depths that sample the water. The measurement depths range from 1.8 meters to 149.3 meters below sea level. The sets of measurements are broken into two transects. The first transect is the trip out into the ice. The second transect is the trip back. Topography (above sea level) is exaggerated 10 times. Bathymetry (below sea level) is exaggerated 200 times in order differentiate the measurements.The colors of the measurements (i.e,. stations) correspond to the color bar below which represent chlorophyll-a concentrations. Measurements that are depicted by spheres were acquired while the ship was in open water while measurements depicted by cubes were acquired when the ship was in ice. As data is collected, a wall of interpolated data is generated.An important finding of this research was that high concentrations of chlorophyll-a were found under the ice. || ", "release_date": "2012-06-07T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-01-05T22:11:35.204584-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 477726, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003900/a003927/icescape_pullback02.1600.jpg", "filename": "icescape_pullback02.1600.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Pullback showing transects", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406712, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3856, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3856/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Clouds over Antarctica", "description": "This animation is a beauty shot of cloud model output over North America. The clouds are derived from the Goddard Earth Observing System Model, Version 5 (GEOS-5). GEOS-5 is a system of models integrated using the Earth System Modeling Framework and used to help refine atmospheric weather models.The lighting of this scene is completely artistic and not scientifically accurate. If accurate lighting were used the diurnal effect would pulse across the globe approximately every 90 frames (3 seconds when played at 30 fps). The slow strobing would have been undesireable for the intended purpose of this animation, which is to highlight the cloud model output. || ", "release_date": "2011-09-12T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:37.961201-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 483396, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003800/a003856/hsymph_antarctica.0000.jpg", "filename": "hsymph_antarctica.0000.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Animation of simulated clouds over Antarctica.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } }, { "id": 406713, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 10737, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10737/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Tohoku Tsunami Creates Antarctic Icebergs", "description": "Nearly 50 square miles of ice broke off the Sulzberger Ice Shelf on the coast of Antarctica, resulting from waves generated by the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan in March 2011. || ", "release_date": "2011-08-05T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:42.423310-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 484159, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010700/a010737/Japan_Tsunami_Final_SC.00402_print.jpg", "filename": "Japan_Tsunami_Final_SC.00402_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Nearly 50 square miles of ice broke off the Sulzberger Ice Shelf on the coast of Antarctica, resulting from waves generated by the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan in March 2011.For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406714, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3710, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3710/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Five Spheres - Cryosphere", "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover. The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) instrument on the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua satellite, provides data mapped to a polar stereographic grid at 12.5 km spatial resolution. This satellite data can be used to monitor the health of the cryosphere from space. This animation of sea ice changes in the Arctic is match framed to animation entries 3707, 3708, 3709, and 3711. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day showing a running 3-day maximum sea ice concentration in the region where the concentration is greater than 15%. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running maximum of the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month.For more information about sea ice see http://nsidc.org/data/amsre or http://modis-snow-ice.gsfc.nasa.gov. || ", "release_date": "2010-05-01T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:15.225132-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 493092, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003700/a003710/seaice_withTycho.0100.jpg", "filename": "seaice_withTycho.0100.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "In this animation, the Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change progress through time, from October 1, 2004 through October 31 2009. ", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406715, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3672, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3672/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "28 Year Arctic Temperature Trend", "description": "Scientists who study the Arctic region consider this area to be an early indicator of global warming, because changes in this area are amplified by the high albedo of the snow and ice. This animation depicts the 28-year surface temperature trend over the Arctic region determined from data collected between August 1981 and July 2009. The warming and cooling regions are shown in steps of .02 degrees Kelvin per year from the regions of greatest change to the areas of least change. Blue hues indicate cooling regions; red hues depict warming. The neutral region of -.02 to +.02 is shown in white. Light regions indicate less change while darker regions indicate more. The temperature scale used ranges from -0.42 to +0.42 degrees Kelvin, although the minimum data value is -0.1825 degrees Kelvin per year while the maximum value is 0.4185. || ", "release_date": "2010-01-05T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:24.914903-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 494813, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003600/a003672/tempTrend_V03.0750.jpg", "filename": "tempTrend_V03.0750.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation shows the 28 year temperature trend over the Arctic. Blue indicates cooling while red indicates warming. The colorbars (blue for cooler and red for warmer) have arrows depicting the range of colors being displayed.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406716, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3676, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3676/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "28 Year Arctic Winter Seasonal Temperature Trend", "description": "The Arctic region has been an area of scientific interest because it is expected that global warming signals will be amplified in the region because of ice-albedo feedback effect. Such effect is associated with the high albedo of snow and sea ice covered areas compared to that of ice free ocean and land areas. This animation depicts the 28-year winter seasonal surface temperature trend over the Arctic region determined from data collected during the months of December, January and February between 1981 and 2009. In this animation, the warming and cooling regions are revealed in steps of .02 degrees change per year starting with the regions of greatest change and progressing to the areas of least change. Blue hues indicate cooling regions while red hues depict warming. The neutral region of -.01 to +.01 degrees is shown in white. Brighter regions indicate greater temperature change while light regions indicate less. On the left side, the colarbar shows cooling temperatures ranging from -0.42 to zero degrees Kelvin, while the colorbar on the right shows warming temperatures ranging from zero to +0.42 degrees Kelvin per year. A moving bar beside each colorbar indicates the range of data values being displayed. || ", "release_date": "2010-01-05T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:25.039475-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 494844, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003600/a003676/winterTrend_720p60.0660.jpg", "filename": "winterTrend_720p60.0660.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "An animation revealing the 28 year winter temperature trend, showing regions of greatest change first. Individual colorbars for the warming and cooling as well as the title are displayed. ", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406717, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3677, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3677/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "28 Year Arctic Spring Seasonal Temperature Trend", "description": "The Arctic region has been an area of scientific interest because it is expected that global warming signals will be amplified in the region because of ice-albedo feedback effect. Such effect is associated with the high albedo of snow and sea ice covered areas compared to that of ice free ocean and land areas. This animation depicts the 28-year spring seasonal surface temperature trend over the Arctic region determined from data collected during the months of March, April and May between 1982 and 2009.In this animation, the warming and cooling regions are revealed in steps of .02 degrees change per year starting with the regions of greatest change and progressing to the areas of least change. Blue hues indicate cooling regions while red hues depict warming. The neutral region of -.01 to +.01 degrees is shown in white. Brighter regions indicate greater temperature change while light regions indicate less. On the left side, the colarbar shows cooling temperatures ranging from -0.42 to zero degrees Kelvin, while the colorbar on the right shows warming temperatures ranging from zero to +0.42 degrees per year. An animated bar beside each colorbar brackets the range of data values being displayed. || ", "release_date": "2010-01-05T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:25.182199-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 494885, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003600/a003677/springTrend_v007_720p60_BG.0660.jpg", "filename": "springTrend_v007_720p60_BG.0660.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The above animation without the colorbars and title. ", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406718, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3678, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3678/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "28 Year Arctic Summer Seasonal Temperature Trend", "description": "The Arctic region has been an area of scientific interest because it is expected that global warming signals will be amplified in the region because of ice-albedo feedback effect. Such effect is associated with the high albedo of snow and sea ice covered areas compared to that of ice free ocean and land areas. This animation depicts the 28-year summer seasonal surface temperature trend over the Arctic region determined from data collected during the months of June, July and August between 1982 and 2009.In this animation, the warming and cooling regions are revealed in steps of .02 degrees change per year starting with the regions of greatest change and progressing to the areas of least change. Blue hues indicate cooling regions while red hues depict warming. The neutral region of -.01 to +.01 degrees is shown in white. Brighter regions indicate greater temperature change while light regions indicate less. On the left side, the colarbar shows cooling temperatures ranging from -0.42 to zero degrees Kelvin, while the colorbar on the right shows warming temperatures ranging from zero to +0.42 degrees per year. An animated bar beside each colorbar brackets the range of data values being displayed. || ", "release_date": "2010-01-05T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:25.330273-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 494908, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003600/a003678/summerTrend_720p60.0660.jpg", "filename": "summerTrend_720p60.0660.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "An animation revealing the 28 year summer temperature trend, showing regions of greatest change first. Individual colorbars for the warming and cooling as well as the title are displayed. ", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406719, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3679, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3679/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "28 Year Arctic Autumn Seasonal Temperature Trend", "description": "The Arctic region has been an area of scientific interest because it is expected that global warming signals will be amplified in the region because of ice-albedo feedback effect. Such effect is associated with the high albedo of snow and sea ice covered areas compared to that of ice free ocean and land areas. This animation depicts the 28-year autumn seasonal surface temperature trend over the Arctic region determined from data collected during the months of September, October and November between 1981 and 2008.In this animation, the warming and cooling regions are revealed in steps of .02 degrees change per year starting with the regions of greatest change and progressing to the areas of least change. Blue hues indicate cooling regions while red hues depict warming. The neutral region of -.01 to +.01 degrees is shown in white. Brighter regions indicate greater temperature change while light regions indicate less. On the left side, the colarbar shows cooling temperatures ranging from -0.42 to zero degrees Kelvin, while the colorbar on the right shows warming temperatures ranging from zero to +0.42 degrees per year. An animated bar beside each colorbar brackets the range of data values being displayed. || ", "release_date": "2010-01-05T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:25.478081-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 494940, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003600/a003679/autumnTrend_720p60.0660.jpg", "filename": "autumnTrend_720p60.0660.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": " An animation revealing the 28 year autumn temperature trend, showing regions of greatest change first. Individual colorbars for the warming and cooling as well as the title are displayed.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406720, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 10503, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10503/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Melting Ice, Rising Seas", "description": "Sea level rise is an indicator that our planet is warming. Much of the world's population lives on or near the coast, and rising seas are something worth watching. Sea level can rise for two reasons, both linked to a warming planet. When ice on land, such as mountain glaciers or the ice sheets of Greenland or Antarctica, melt, that water contributes to sea level rise. And when our oceans get warmer - another indicator of climate change - the water expands, also making sea level higher. Using satellites, lasers, and radar in space, and dedicated researchers on the ground, NASA is studying the Earth's ice and water to better understand how sea level rise might affect us all.For complete transcript, click here. || Melting_Seas_ipod_640x480.03027_print.jpg (1024x576) [80.7 KB] || Melting_Seas_ipod_640x480_web.png (320x180) [156.6 KB] || Melting_Seas_ipod_640x480_thm.png (80x40) [16.6 KB] || Melting_Seas_appletv_1280x720.webmhd.webm (960x540) [67.9 MB] || Melting_Seas_H264_1280x720_30fps.mov (1280x720) [128.9 MB] || Melting_Seas_1280x720.mp4 (1280x720) [125.1 MB] || Melting_Seas_broll_prores.mov (1280x720) [4.4 GB] || Melting_Seas_youtube_1280x720.mov (1280x720) [69.1 MB] || Melting_Seas_appletv_1280x720.m4v (960x540) [160.0 MB] || Melting_Seas_ipod_640x480.m4v (640x360) [49.7 MB] || Melting_Seas_ipod_320x240.m4v (320x180) [21.1 MB] || Rising_Seas.wmv (346x260) [38.5 MB] || ", "release_date": "2009-10-12T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:32.559890-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 495635, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010500/a010503/Melting_Seas_ipod_640x480.03027_print.jpg", "filename": "Melting_Seas_ipod_640x480.03027_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Sea level rise is an indicator that our planet is warming. Much of the world's population lives on or near the coast, and rising seas are something worth watching. Sea level can rise for two reasons, both linked to a warming planet. When ice on land, such as mountain glaciers or the ice sheets of Greenland or Antarctica, melt, that water contributes to sea level rise. And when our oceans get warmer - another indicator of climate change - the water expands, also making sea level higher. Using satellites, lasers, and radar in space, and dedicated researchers on the ground, NASA is studying the Earth's ice and water to better understand how sea level rise might affect us all.For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406721, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3754, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3754/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Endless Loop: Earth's Water Cycle", "description": "For circulating energy, for distributing essential chemistry, and as a fundamental requirement for most biological processes, water defines Earth's dynamic identity. The more than seventy percent of our planet covered by water is in many ways the reason life has survived and thrived for so long.A simple trip to the ocean's edge highlights how water constantly moves. But water sloshing back in forth in ocean basins only begins to describe the complex processes of its circulation on Earth.NASA takes the water cycle as not merely an academic exercise but as a vital area for exploration. Satellites can examine aspects of the global water cycle that in situ measurements and observations can only dream about seeing. The TRMM spacecraft is the world's most advanced precipitation measuring system to date, gathering vital information about tropical precipitation and other features every day. Other sensors, like the AMSR and AIRS instruments on the AQUA spacecraft take profiles of the planet's atmosphere, examine water vapor concentrations and distribution, among other things. A number of instruments look at water at or below the surface. MODIS makes sea surface temperature measurements that provide essential information about how oceans work and how they're changing over time. GRACE keeps track of elusive, yet massive, quantities of water both underground and in the oceans by making precise gravitational measurements. And the planned Aquarius mission, scheduled for launch in just a few years, will make unprecedented measurements of ocean salinity, a vital characteristic for describing a wide variety of phenomena, from life to physical processes that govern global circulation patterns. || ", "release_date": "2009-10-09T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:33.251239-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 495708, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003700/a003754/water_cycle.jpg", "filename": "water_cycle.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Precipitation leads to run-off, flowing down to rivers, lakes, and oceans; evaporation and transpiration send water back into the sky.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406722, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3658, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3658/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "The Thermohaline Circulation - The Great Ocean Conveyor Belt", "description": "The oceans are mostly composed of warm salty water near the surface over cold, less salty water in the ocean depths. These two regions don't mix except in certain special areas. The ocean currents, the movement of the ocean in the surface layer, are driven mostly by the wind. In certain areas near the polar oceans, the colder surface water also gets saltier due to evaporation or sea ice formation. In these regions, the surface water becomes dense enough to sink to the ocean depths. This pumping of surface water into the deep ocean forces the deep water to move horizontally until it can find an area on the world where it can rise back to the surface and close the current loop. This usually occurs in the equatorial ocean, mostly in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. This very large, slow current is called the thermohaline circulation because it is caused by temperature and salinity (haline) variations.This animation shows one of the major regions where this pumping occurs, the North Atlantic Ocean around Greenland, Iceland, and the North Sea. The surface ocean current brings new water to this region from the South Atlantic via the Gulf Stream and the water returns to the South Atlantic via the North Atlantic Deep Water current. The continual influx of warm water into the North Atlantic polar ocean keeps the regions around Iceland and southern Greenland mostly free of sea ice year round.The animation also shows another feature of the global ocean circulation: the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The region around latitude 60 south is the the only part of the Earth where the ocean can flow all the way around the world with no land in the way. As a result, both the surface and deep waters flow from west to east around Antarctica. This circumpolar motion links the world's oceans and allows the deep water circulation from the Atlantic to rise in the Indian and Pacific Oceans and the surface circulation to close with the northward flow in the Atlantic.The color on the world's ocean's at the beginning of this animation represents surface water density, with dark regions being most dense and light regions being least dense (see the animation Sea Surface Temperature, Salinity and Density). The depths of the oceans are highly exaggerated to better illustrate the differences between the surface flows and deep water flows. The actual flows in this model are based on current theories of the thermohaline circulation rather than actual data. The thermohaline circulation is a very slow moving current that can be difficult to distinguish from general ocean circulation. Therefore, it is difficult to measure or simulate. || ", "release_date": "2009-10-08T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-10-09T15:49:47.948664-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 495844, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003600/a003658/thermohaline_conveyor.0900.jpg", "filename": "thermohaline_conveyor.0900.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation first depicts thermohaline surface flows over surface density, and illustrates the sinking of water in the dense ocean near Iceland and Greenland. The surface of the ocean then fades away and the animation pulls back to show the global thermohaline circulation.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406723, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3619, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3619/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "A Tour of the Cryosphere 2009", "description": "The cryosphere consists of those parts of the Earth's surface where water is found in solid form, including areas of snow, sea ice, glaciers, permafrost, ice sheets, and icebergs. In these regions, surface temperatures remain below freezing for a portion of each year. Since ice and snow exist relatively close to their melting point, they frequently change from solid to liquid and back again due to fluctuations in surface temperature. Although direct measurements of the cryosphere can be difficult to obtain due to the remote locations of many of these areas, using satellite observations scientists monitor changes in the global and regional climate by observing how regions of the Earth's cryosphere shrink and expand.This animation portrays fluctuations in the cryosphere through observations collected from a variety of satellite-based sensors. The animation begins in Antarctica, showing some unique features of the Antarctic landscape found nowhere else on earth. Ice shelves, ice streams, glaciers, and the formation of massive icebergs can be seen clearly in the flyover of the Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica. A time series shows the movement of iceberg B15A, an iceberg 295 kilometers in length which broke off of the Ross Ice Shelf in 2000. Moving farther along the coastline, a time series of the Larsen ice shelf shows the collapse of over 3,200 square kilometers ice since January 2002. As we depart from the Antarctic, we see the seasonal change of sea ice and how it nearly doubles the apparent area of the continent during the winter.From Antarctica, the animation travels over South America showing glacier locations on this mostly tropical continent. We then move further north to observe daily changes in snow cover over the North American continent. The clouds show winter storms moving across the United States and Canada, leaving trails of snow cover behind. In a close-up view of the western US, we compare the difference in land cover between two years: 2003 when the region received a normal amount of snow and 2002 when little snow was accumulated. The difference in the surrounding vegetation due to the lack of spring melt water from the mountain snow pack is evident.As the animation moves from the western US to the Arctic region, the areas affected by permafrost are visible. As time marches forward from March to September, the daily snow and sea ice recede and reveal the vast areas of permafrost surrounding the Arctic Ocean.The animation shows a one-year cycle of Arctic sea ice followed by the mean September minimum sea ice for each year from 1979 through 2008. The superimposed graph of the area of Arctic sea ice at this minimum clearly shows the dramatic decrease in Artic sea ice over the last few years.While moving from the Arctic to Greenland, the animation shows the constant motion of the Arctic polar ice using daily measures of sea ice activity. Sea ice flows from the Arctic into Baffin Bay as the seasonal ice expands southward. As we draw close to the Greenland coast, the animation shows the recent changes in the Jakobshavn glacier. Although Jakobshavn receded only slightly from 1964 to 2001, the animation shows significant recession from 2001 through 2009. As the animation pulls out from Jakobshavn, the effect of the increased flow rate of Greenland costal glaciers is shown by the thinning ice shelf regions near the Greenland coast.This animation shows a wealth of data collected from satellite observations of the cryosphere and the impact that recent cryospheric changes are making on our planet.For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website.Note: This animation is an update of the animation 'A Short Tour of the Cryosphere', which is itself an abridged version of the animation 'A Tour of the Cryosphere'. The popularity of the earlier animations and their continuing relevance prompted us to update the datasets in parts of the animation and to remake it in high definition. In certain cases, our experiences in using the earlier work have led us to tweak the presentation of some of the material to make it clearer. Our thanks to Dr. Robert Bindschadler for suggesting and supporting this remake. || ", "release_date": "2009-09-01T18:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-10-09T15:44:24.651400-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 496509, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003600/a003619/Tour_Cryosphere_00780.png", "filename": "Tour_Cryosphere_00780.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The complete narrated visualizationThis video is also available on our YouTube channel.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } }, { "id": 406724, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 20021, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20021/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "Ice Albedo - Global View", "description": "This is a conceptual animation showing how polar ice reflects light from the sun. As this ice begins to melt, less sunlight gets reflected into space. It is instead absorbed into the oceans and land, raising the overall temperature, and fueling further melting. || ", "release_date": "2003-12-12T12:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2024-10-10T00:17:34.453868-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 521038, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020000/a020021/iceAlglobal030000102_print.jpg", "filename": "iceAlglobal030000102_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This is the high definition version of the Ice Albedo-Global animation MPEG.", "width": 1024, "height": 586, "pixels": 600064 } } }, { "id": 406725, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 20022, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20022/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "Ice Albedo: Bright White Reflects Light", "description": "This animation provides a close perspective of the relationship between ice and solar reflectivity. As glaciers, the polar caps, and icebergs (shown here) melt, less sunlight gets reflected into space. Instead, the oceans and land absorb the light, thus raising the overall temperature and adding energy to a vicious circle. || ", "release_date": "2004-02-05T12:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2024-10-10T00:17:34.541557-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 520735, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020000/a020022/cleanice_pre.00177_print.jpg", "filename": "cleanice_pre.00177_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This is the standard definition version MPEG of the Ice Albedo(clean ice case) Animation.", "width": 1024, "height": 768, "pixels": 786432 } } }, { "id": 406726, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 20023, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20023/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "Ice Albedo: Black Soot and Snow", "description": "Black soot may contribute to melting glaciers and other ice on the planet and eventually a warmer Earth. Traveling potentially thousands of miles from its sources on air currents, this pollution eventually settles out of the air, onto land and into the oceans. On ice and snow, it darkens normally bright surfaces. Just as a white shirt keeps a person cooler in the summer than a black shirt, the vast stretches of polar ice covering much of the planet's top and bottom reflect large amounts of solar radiation falling on the planet's surface, helping regulate Earth's temperature. Soot lowers this albedo, or reflectivity, and the ice retains more heat, leading to increased melting.Soot-darkened ice retains more light, contributing to the process. As light is absorbed, the environment is heated, thus intensifying a feedback loop: a warmer planet yields more ice melting and thus an even warmer planet. || ", "release_date": "2004-02-09T12:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:50.036980-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 520706, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020000/a020023/sootF_pre.00002_print.jpg", "filename": "sootF_pre.00002_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This is the standard definition version MPEG of the Ice Albedo (soot case) Animation.", "width": 1024, "height": 768, "pixels": 786432 } } }, { "id": 406727, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 20020, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20020/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "Ice Albedo-Close Up", "description": "This is a conceptual animation showing how melting ice on land and at sea, can affect the surrounding ocean water, changing both the chemistry and relative sea level. || ", "release_date": "2003-12-12T12:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:52.355223-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 521026, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020000/a020020/albeldoCU_pre.00002_print.jpg", "filename": "albeldoCU_pre.00002_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This is the standard definition version of the Ice Albedo-Close Up animation MPEG.", "width": 1024, "height": 768, "pixels": 786432 } } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 370789, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/cryoanimations/#media_group_370789", "widget": "Tile gallery", "title": "Greenland Ice Sheet", "caption": "", "description": "", "items": [ { "id": 406728, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4325, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4325/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "NASA GSFC MASCON Solution over Greenland from Jan 2004 - Jun 2014", "description": "Visualization of the mass change over Greenland from January 2004 through June 2014. The surface of Greenland shows the change in equivalent water height while the graph overlay shows the total accumulated change in gigatons. || GRACE_Greenland_wGraph_p30.1322_print.jpg (1024x576) [138.2 KB] || GRACE_Greenland_wGraph_p30.1322_searchweb.png (180x320) [84.6 KB] || GRACE_Greenland_wGraph_p30.1322_thm.png (80x40) [7.0 KB] || GRACE_Greenland_wGraph_p30_720p.webm (1280x720) [2.5 MB] || GRACE_Greenland_wGraph_p30_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [2.9 MB] || GRACE_Greenland_wGraph_p30_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [16.9 MB] || GRACE_Greenland_wGraph_p30_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [9.4 MB] || composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || GRACE_Greenland_wGraph_p30_360p.mp4 (640x360) [3.4 MB] || MASCON_solution_greenland_4325.key [12.7 MB] || MASCON_solution_greenland_4325.pptx [10.1 MB] || ", "release_date": "2015-08-26T10:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-01-05T22:46:37.322560-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 441938, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004300/a004325/GRACE_Greenland_wGraph_p30.1322_print.jpg", "filename": "GRACE_Greenland_wGraph_p30.1322_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Visualization of the mass change over Greenland from January 2004 through June 2014. The surface of Greenland shows the change in equivalent water height while the graph overlay shows the total accumulated change in gigatons.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406729, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4249, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4249/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Greenland Ice Sheet Stratigraphy", "description": "The above movie shows the new 3D map of the age of the Greenland ice sheet, using a collage of live footage and animation to explain how scientists determined the age from data collected by ice-penetrating radar. The full script of the narration is available here. This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || GIS_age_structure.jpg (1024x576) [166.8 KB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER.webmhd.webm (1080x606) [51.7 MB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER_1280x720.wmv (1280x720) [115.8 MB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER_appletv.m4v (960x540) [99.6 MB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER_appletv_subtitles.m4v (960x540) [99.7 MB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [450.8 MB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER_ipod_lg.m4v (640x360) [40.0 MB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy.en_US.srt [4.7 KB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy.en_US.vtt [4.7 KB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER_nasaportal.mov (640x360) [98.5 MB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [21.5 MB] || 4249_Greenland_Radiostratigraphy_MASTER_prores.mov (1920x1080) [6.7 GB] || ", "release_date": "2015-01-23T09:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-01-05T22:41:18.380464-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 448225, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004200/a004249/GIS_age_structure.jpg", "filename": "GIS_age_structure.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The above movie shows the new 3D map of the age of the Greenland ice sheet, using a collage of live footage and animation to explain how scientists determined the age from data collected by ice-penetrating radar. The full script of the narration is available here. This video is also available on our YouTube channel.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406730, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4328, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4328/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Greenland's Glaciers as seen by RadarSat", "description": "An animation up the Greenland's Sermilik Fjord to the calving front of the Helheim Glacier, showing the glacier front's change between 2000 to 2013This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || Helheim_radarsat_4k.0800_print.jpg (1024x576) [242.6 KB] || Helheim_radarsat_4k.0800_searchweb.png (180x320) [121.8 KB] || Helheim_radarsat_4k.0800_web.png (320x180) [121.8 KB] || Helheim_radarsat_4k.0800_thm.png (80x40) [7.6 KB] || Helheim_radarsat_4k_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [84.5 MB] || Helheim_radarsat_4k_720p30.mp4 (1280x720) [43.3 MB] || Helheim_radarsat_4k_2160p30.webm (3840x2160) [16.2 MB] || Helheim (3840x2160) [256.0 KB] || Helheim_radarsat_4k_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [225.6 MB] || ", "release_date": "2015-08-25T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-12-15T00:05:29.329494-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 441733, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004300/a004328/Helheim_radarsat_4k.0800_print.jpg", "filename": "Helheim_radarsat_4k.0800_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "An animation up the Greenland's Sermilik Fjord to the calving front of the Helheim Glacier, showing the glacier front's change between 2000 to 2013This video is also available on our YouTube channel.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406731, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4022, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4022/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Measuring Elevation Changes on the Greenland Ice Sheet", "description": "Since the late 1970's, NASA has been monitoring changes in the Greenland Ice Sheet. Recent analysis of seven years of surface elevation readings from NASA's ICESat satellite and four years of laser and and ice-penetrating radar data from NASA's airborne mission Operation IceBridge shows us how the surface elevation of the ice sheet has changed.The colors shown on the surface of the ice sheet represent the accumulated change in elevation since 2003. The light yellow over the central region of the ice sheet indicates a slight thickening due to snow. This accumulation, along with the weight of the ice sheet, pushes ice toward the coast. Thinning near coastal regions, shown in green, blue and purple, has increased over time and now extends into the interior of the ice sheet where the bedrock topography permits. As a result, there has been an average loss of 300 cubic kilometers of ice per year between 2003 and 2012.This animation portrays the changes occurring in the surface elevation of the ice sheet since 2003 in three drainage regions: the southeast, the northeast and the Jakobshavn regions. In each region, the time advances to show the accumulated change in elevation from 2003 through 2012.—>