{ "id": 40139, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/fermi-nature-universe/", "page_type": "Gallery", "title": "Fermi: Nature of the Universe", "description": "Dark matter, the fabric of space-time, gravitational lensing. Fermi helps answer some of the big questions.", "release_date": "2013-08-05T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-04-22T00:00:00-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 471420, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011100/a011117/blazarFinal_cdewilde.02963_web.jpg", "filename": "blazarFinal_cdewilde.02963_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation tracks several gamma rays through space and time, from their emission in the jet of a distant blazar to their arrival in Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT). During their journey, the number of randomly moving ultraviolet and optical photons (blue) increases as more and more stars are born in the universe. Eventually, one of the gamma rays encounters a photon of starlight and the gamma ray transforms into an electron and a positron. The remaining gamma-ray photons arrive at Fermi, interact with tungsten plates in the LAT, and produce the electrons and positrons whose paths through the detector allows astronomers to backtrack the gamma rays to their source. This version has music and additional elements on it. For an animation-only version, go here.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/Cruz deWildeWatch this video on the NASAexplorer YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 180, "height": 320, "pixels": 57600 }, "media_groups": [ { "id": 370733, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/fermi-nature-universe/#media_group_370733", "widget": "Basic text (large)", "title": "Overview", "caption": "", "description": "Dark matter, the fabric of space-time, gravitational lensing. Fermi helps answer some of the big questions.", "items": [], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 370734, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/fermi-nature-universe/#media_group_370734", "widget": "Tile gallery", "title": "Visuals", "caption": "", "description": "", "items": [ { "id": 425234, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 14476, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14476/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Fermi Mission Detects Surprising Gamma-Ray Feature Beyond Our Galaxy", "description": "This artist’s concept shows the entire sky in gamma rays with magenta circles illustrating the uncertainty in the direction from which more high-energy gamma rays than average seem to be arriving. In this view, the plane of our galaxy runs across the middle of the map. The circles enclose regions with a 68% (inner) and a 95% chance of containing the origin of these gamma rays. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center || Dark_Fermi_Dipole.jpg (3840x2160) [506.2 KB] || Dark_Fermi_Dipole.png (3840x2160) [8.9 MB] || Dark_Fermi_Dipole_searchweb.png (320x180) [57.6 KB] || Dark_Fermi_Dipole_thm.png (80x40) [5.4 KB] || ", "release_date": "2024-01-11T11:10:00-05:00", "update_date": "2024-01-09T20:08:44.026420-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 1088230, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014400/a014476/Dark_Fermi_Dipole.jpg", "filename": "Dark_Fermi_Dipole.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This artist’s concept shows the entire sky in gamma rays with magenta circles illustrating the uncertainty in the direction from which more high-energy gamma rays than average seem to be arriving. In this view, the plane of our galaxy runs across the middle of the map. The circles enclose regions with a 68% (inner) and a 95% chance of containing the origin of these gamma rays. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } } }, { "id": 406080, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 14130, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14130/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Fermi Searches for Gravitational Waves From Monster Black Holes", "description": "The length of a gravitational wave, or ripple in space-time, depends on its source, as shown in this infographic. Scientists need different kinds of detectors to study as much of the spectrum as possible.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab || GravWav_Infographic_MILES_10k_vFinal_print.jpg (1024x576) [158.7 KB] || GravWav_Infographic_MILES_10k_vFinal.png (10000x5625) [2.1 MB] || GravWav_Infographic_MILES_10k_vFinal.jpg (10000x5625) [4.1 MB] || GravWav_Infographic_MILES_10k_vFinal_searchweb.png (320x180) [55.8 KB] || GravWav_Infographic_MILES_10k_vFinal_thm.png (80x40) [5.4 KB] || ", "release_date": "2022-04-07T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T11:44:14.854338-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 372018, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014100/a014130/GravWav_Infographic_MILES_10k_vFinal_print.jpg", "filename": "GravWav_Infographic_MILES_10k_vFinal_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The length of a gravitational wave, or ripple in space-time, depends on its source, as shown in this infographic. Scientists need different kinds of detectors to study as much of the spectrum as possible.\rCredit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406081, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 13042, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13042/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA's Fermi Mission Shows How Luck Favors the Prepared", "description": "Explore how more than a century of scientific progress with gravitational waves, gamma rays and neutrinos has helped bring about the age of multimessenger astronomy. Music: \"Family Tree,\" \"The Archives\" and \"Beyond Truth,\" all from Killer Tracks.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available. || Luck_Timeline_Still_print.jpg (1024x576) [140.7 KB] || Luck_Timeline_Still.jpg (3840x2160) [1.1 MB] || Luck_Timeline_Still_searchweb.png (320x180) [78.5 KB] || Luck_Timeline_Still_thm.png (80x40) [7.4 KB] || 13042_LuckFavorsThePrepared_1080p.mov (1920x1080) [550.2 MB] || 13042_LuckFavorsThePrepared_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [373.6 MB] || 13042_LuckFavorsThePrepared_1080.m4v (1920x1080) [188.4 MB] || 13042_LuckFavorsThePrepared_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [39.3 MB] || 13042_LuckFavorsThePrepared_ProRes_3840x2160_2997.mov (3840x2160) [19.8 GB] || 13042_LuckFavorsThePrepared_2160.mp4 (3840x2160) [1.1 GB] || 13042_LuckFavorsThePrepared_4K.mov (3840x2160) [715.2 MB] || LuckFavorsThePrepared_SRT_Captions.en_US.srt [6.5 KB] || LuckFavorsThePrepared_SRT_Captions.en_US.vtt [6.3 KB] || ", "release_date": "2018-11-08T13:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:46:17.525793-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 400940, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013000/a013042/Luck_Timeline_Still_print.jpg", "filename": "Luck_Timeline_Still_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Explore how more than a century of scientific progress with gravitational waves, gamma rays and neutrinos has helped bring about the age of multimessenger astronomy. Music: \"Family Tree,\" \"The Archives\" and \"Beyond Truth,\" all from Killer Tracks.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406082, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 13104, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13104/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Tracing the History of Starlight with NASA's Fermi Mission", "description": "Gamma rays from distant galaxies called blazars interact with starlight as they travel across the universe. As shown in this video, those reaching the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope can help scientists learn about the history of star formation throughout the cosmos.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterMusic: \"Inducing Waves\" from Killer TracksWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available. || blazarEBL_Fog2-still.jpg (1920x1080) [165.1 KB] || blazarEBL_Fog2-still_print.jpg (1024x576) [53.5 KB] || blazarEBL_Fog2-still_searchweb.png (320x180) [50.2 KB] || blazarEBL_Fog2-still_thm.png (80x40) [4.5 KB] || 13104_Starlight_History_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [1.7 GB] || 13104_Starlight_History_1080p.mov (1920x1080) [205.4 MB] || 13104_Starlight_History_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [138.8 MB] || 13104_Starlight_History_1080.m4v (1920x1080) [135.4 MB] || 13104_Starlight_History_1080.webm (1920x1080) [14.4 MB] || 13104_Starlight_History_SRT_Captions.en_US.srt [2.3 KB] || 13104_Starlight_History_SRT_Captions.en_US.vtt [2.2 KB] || ", "release_date": "2018-11-29T14:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:46:15.862663-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 399343, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013100/a013104/blazarEBL_Fog2-still.jpg", "filename": "blazarEBL_Fog2-still.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Gamma rays from distant galaxies called blazars interact with starlight as they travel across the universe. As shown in this video, those reaching the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope can help scientists learn about the history of star formation throughout the cosmos.\rCredit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterMusic: \"Inducing Waves\" from Killer Tracks\rWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } }, { "id": 406083, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 13097, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13097/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Fermi Scientists Introduce Gamma-ray Constellations", "description": "Scientists with NASA’s Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope devised a set of constellations for the high-energy sky to highlight the mission’s 10th year of operations. Characters from modern myths, like the Hulk and the time-warping TARDIS from “Doctor Who,” represent one source of inspiration. Others include scientific concepts and tools, like the Fermi Satellite, and famous landmarks in countries contributing to the development and operation of Fermi. The mission has mapped about 3,000 gamma-ray sources -- 10 times the number known before its launch and comparable to the number of bright stars in the traditional constellations. The background shows the gamma-ray sky as mapped by Fermi. The prominent reddish band is the plane of our own galaxy, the Milky Way; brighter colors indicate brighter gamma-ray sources. Credit: NASA || GR_Constellations-NorthFermi_FullSize_FInal.gif (1920x930) [4.4 MB] || ", "release_date": "2018-10-17T12:30:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:46:19.891604-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 399553, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013000/a013097/GR_Constellations_NorthFermi_STILL.jpg", "filename": "GR_Constellations_NorthFermi_STILL.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "A still showing the part of the sky with the Hulk, Fermi Satellite and TARDIS gamma-ray constellations.Credit: NASA", "width": 1920, "height": 930, "pixels": 1785600 } } }, { "id": 406084, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 12994, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12994/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA's Fermi Links Cosmic Neutrino to Monster Black Hole", "description": "The discovery of a high-energy neutrino on Sept. 22, 2017, sent astronomers on a chase to locate its source -- a supermassive black hole in a distant galaxy. Watch to learn more.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterMusic: \"Hidden Tides\" from Killer TracksWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available. || Blazar.00590_print.jpg (1024x576) [61.2 KB] || Blazar.00590.png (3840x2160) [5.2 MB] || Blazar.00590.jpg (3840x2160) [536.3 KB] || Blazar.00590_searchweb.png (320x180) [46.6 KB] || Blazar.00590_thm.png (80x40) [4.6 KB] || 12994_Fermi_Blazar_Neutrino_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [17.1 MB] || 12994_Fermi_Blazar_Neutrino_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [154.8 MB] || 12994_Fermi_Blazar_Neutrino_1080p.mov (1920x1080) [229.5 MB] || 12994_Fermi_Blazar_Neutrino_SRT_Captions.en_US.srt [2.8 KB] || 12994_Fermi_Blazar_Neutrino_SRT_Captions.en_US.vtt [2.7 KB] || 12994_Fermi_Blazar_Neutrino_H264_4k_2997.mp4 (3840x2160) [380.3 MB] || 12994_Fermi_Blazar_Neutrino_4K.mov (3840x2160) [445.0 MB] || 12994_Fermi_Blazar_Neutrino_ProRes_4k_2997.mov (3840x2160) [6.5 GB] || ", "release_date": "2018-07-12T11:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-01-06T01:33:02.694445-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 402185, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012900/a012994/Blazar.00590_print.jpg", "filename": "Blazar.00590_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The discovery of a high-energy neutrino on Sept. 22, 2017, sent astronomers on a chase to locate its source -- a supermassive black hole in a distant galaxy. Watch to learn more.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterMusic: \"Hidden Tides\" from Killer TracksWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406085, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 11342, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11342/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Fermi's Five-year View of the Gamma-ray Sky", "description": "This all-sky view shows how the sky appears at energies greater than 1 billion electron volts (GeV) according to five years of data from NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. (For comparison, the energy of visible light is between 2 and 3 electron volts.) The image contains 60 months of data from Fermi's Large Area Telescope; for better angular resolution, the map shows only gamma rays converted at the front of the instrument's tracker. Brighter colors indicate brighter gamma-ray sources. The map is shown in galactic coordinates, which places the midplane of our galaxy along the center. The five-year Fermi map is available in multiple resolutions below, along with additional plots containing reference information and identifying some of the brightest sources. || ", "release_date": "2013-08-21T13:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2021-09-10T15:10:50-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 462843, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011300/a011342/Femri_5_year_11000x6189_web.jpg", "filename": "Femri_5_year_11000x6189_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The Fermi LAT 60-month image, constructed from front-converting gamma rays with energies greater than 1 GeV. The most prominent feature is the bright band of diffuse glow along the map's center, which marks the central plane of our Milky Way galaxy. The gamma rays are mostly produced when energetic particles accelerated in the shock waves of supernova remnants collide with gas atoms and even light between the stars. Hammer projection. Image credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } } }, { "id": 406086, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 12740, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12740/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Doomed Neutron Stars Create Blast of Light and Gravitational Waves", "description": "This animation captures phenomena observed over the course of nine days following the neutron star merger known as GW170817, detected on Aug. 17, 2017. They include gravitational waves (pale arcs), a near-light-speed jet that produced gamma rays (magenta), expanding debris from a kilonova that produced ultraviolet (violet), optical and infrared (blue-white to red) emission, and, once the jet directed toward us expanded into our view from Earth, X-rays (blue). Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/CI LabMusic: \"Exploding Skies\" from Killer TracksWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available. || Neutron_Star_Merger_Still_2_new_1080.png (1920x1080) [2.5 MB] || Neutron_Star_Merger_Still_2_new_1080.jpg (1920x1080) [167.3 KB] || Neutron_Star_Merger_Still_2_new_print.jpg (1024x576) [50.4 KB] || Neutron_Star_Merger_Still_2_new.png (3840x2160) [7.7 MB] || Neutron_Star_Merger_Still_2_new.jpg (3840x2160) [1.0 MB] || Neutron_Star_Merger_Still_2_new_thm.png (80x40) [4.4 KB] || Neutron_Star_Merger_Still_2_new_searchweb.png (320x180) [51.4 KB] || 12740_NS_Merger_Update_1080.m4v (1920x1080) [50.3 MB] || 12740_NS_Merger_Update_H264_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [96.9 MB] || 12740_NS_Merger_Update_1080p.mov (1920x1080) [101.9 MB] || NS_Merger_SRT_Captions.en_US.srt [417 bytes] || NS_Merger_SRT_Captions.en_US.vtt [399 bytes] || 12740_NS_Merger_4k_Update.webm (3840x2160) [10.0 MB] || 12740_NS_Merger_4k_Update_H264.mp4 (3840x2160) [254.9 MB] || 12740_NS_Merger_4k_Update_H264.mov (3840x2160) [516.7 MB] || 12740_NS_Merger_4k_Update_ProRes_3840x2160_5994.mov (3840x2160) [5.1 GB] || 12740_NS_Merger_4k_Update_H264.hwshow [90 bytes] || ", "release_date": "2017-10-16T10:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-06-23T00:17:47.900998-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 410279, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012700/a012740/Neutron_Star_Merger_Still_2_new_1080.jpg", "filename": "Neutron_Star_Merger_Still_2_new_1080.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation captures phenomena observed over the course of nine days following the neutron star merger known as GW170817, detected on Aug. 17, 2017. They include gravitational waves (pale arcs), a near-light-speed jet that produced gamma rays (magenta), expanding debris from a kilonova that produced ultraviolet (violet), optical and infrared (blue-white to red) emission, and, once the jet directed toward us expanded into our view from Earth, X-rays (blue). Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/CI LabMusic: \"Exploding Skies\" from Killer TracksWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } }, { "id": 406087, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 12216, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12216/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA's Fermi Preps to Narrow Down Gravitational Wave Sources", "description": "Fermi's GBM saw a fading X-ray flash at nearly the same moment LIGO detected gravitational waves from a black hole merger in 2015. This movie shows how scientists can narrow down the location of the LIGO source on the assumption that the burst is connected to it. In this case, the LIGO search area is reduced by two-thirds. Greater improvements are possible in future detections.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Watch this video on the NASAgovVideo YouTube channel. || LIGO_GBM_Common_only_Earth.png (1920x1080) [4.2 MB] || LIGO_GBM_Common_only_Earth_print.jpg (1024x576) [168.3 KB] || LIGO_GBM_Common_only_Earth_searchweb.png (320x180) [97.0 KB] || LIGO_GBM_Common_only_Earth_web.png (320x180) [97.0 KB] || LIGO_GBM_Common_only_Earth_thm.png (80x40) [6.6 KB] || Fermi_LIGO_GBM_localizations_H264_YouTube_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [82.8 MB] || Fermi_LIGO_GBM_localizations_H264_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [35.4 MB] || Fermi_LIGO_GBM_localizations_H264_720p.webm (1280x720) [2.3 MB] || Fermi_LIGO_GBM_localizations_ProRes_1920x1080_30.mov (1920x1080) [431.3 MB] || 12216_Fermi_LIGO_Localization_4K.mov (4096x2304) [90.6 MB] || 12216_Fermi_LIGO_Localization_4K.m4v (3840x2160) [140.3 MB] || 12216_Fermi_LIGO_Localization_ProRes_7282x4096_30.mov (7282x4096) [6.0 GB] || ", "release_date": "2016-04-18T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-01-05T00:17:47.278707-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 425133, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012200/a012216/LIGO_GBM_Common_only_Earth.png", "filename": "LIGO_GBM_Common_only_Earth.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Fermi's GBM saw a fading X-ray flash at nearly the same moment LIGO detected gravitational waves from a black hole merger in 2015. This movie shows how scientists can narrow down the location of the LIGO source on the assumption that the burst is connected to it. In this case, the LIGO search area is reduced by two-thirds. Greater improvements are possible in future detections.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Watch this video on the NASAgovVideo YouTube channel.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } }, { "id": 406088, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 10943, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10943/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Fermi Observations of Dwarf Galaxies Provide New Insights on Dark Matter", "description": "There's more to the cosmos than meets the eye. About 80 percent of the matter in the universe is invisible to telescopes, yet its gravitational influence is manifest in the orbital speeds of stars around galaxies and in the motions of clusters of galaxies. Yet, despite decades of effort, no one knows what this \"dark matter\" really is. Many scientists think it's likely that the mystery will be solved with the discovery of new kinds of subatomic particles, types necessarily different from those composing atoms of the ordinary matter all around us. The search to detect and identify these particles is underway in experiments both around the globe and above it. Scientists working with data from NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope have looked for signals from some of these hypothetical particles by zeroing in on 10 small, faint galaxies that orbit our own. Although no signals have been detected, a novel analysis technique applied to two years of data from the observatory's Large Area Telescope (LAT) has essentially eliminated these particle candidates for the first time.WIMPs, or Weakly Interacting Massive Particles, represent a favored class of dark matter candidates. Some WIMPs may mutually annihilate when pairs of them interact, a process expected to produce gamma rays — the most energetic form of light — that the LAT is designed to detect. The team examined two years of LAT-detected gamma rays with energies in the range from 200 million to 100 billion electron volts (GeV) from 10 of the roughly two dozen dwarf galaxies known to orbit the Milky Way. Instead of analyzing the results for each galaxy separately, the scientists developed a statistical technique — they call it a \"joint likelihood analysis\" — that evaluates all of the galaxies at once without merging the data together. No gamma-ray signal consistent with the annihilations expected from four different types of commonly considered WIMP particles was found.For the first time, the results show that WIMP candidates within a specific range of masses and interaction rates cannot be dark matter. A paper detailing these results appeared in the Dec. 9, 2011, issue of Physical Review Letters. || ", "release_date": "2012-04-02T12:30:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-10-10T00:15:59.099603-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 477680, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010900/a010943/test__left_00999.jpg", "filename": "test__left_00999.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "No one knows what dark matter is, but it constitutes 80 percent of the matter in our universe. By studying numerous dwarf galaxies — satellite systems that orbit our own Milky Way galaxy — NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has produced some of the strongest limits yet on the nature of the hypothetical particles suspected of making up dark matter. Short, narrated video.Poster image, and dark matter simulations credit: Simulation: Wu, Hahn, Wechsler, Abel(KIPAC), Visualization: Kaehler (KIPAC)Watch this video on the NASAexplorer YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } }, { "id": 406089, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 11894, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11894/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Turning Black Holes into Dark Matter Labs", "description": "This video introduces a new computer simulation exploring the connection between two of the most elusive phenomena in the universe, black holes and dark matter. In the visualization, dark matter particles are gray spheres attached to shaded trails representing their motion. Redder trails indicate particles more strongly affected by the black hole's gravitation and closer to its event horizon (black sphere at center, mostly hidden by trails). The ergosphere, where all matter and light must follow the black hole's spin, is shown in teal. Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight CenterFor complete transcript, click here. || DMBH_Still.jpg (1920x1080) [555.7 KB] || 11894_Dark_Matter_Black_Hole_H264_Good_1920x1080_2997.webm (1920x1080) [25.0 MB] || 11894_Dark_Matter_Black_Hole_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [3.1 GB] || 11894_Dark_Matter_Black_Hole_MPEG4_1920X1080_2997.mp4 (1920x1080) [135.4 MB] || 11894_Dark_Matter_Black_Hole_H264_Best_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [2.1 GB] || 11894_Dark_Matter_Black_Hole_H264_Good_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [356.2 MB] || G2015-040_Dark_Matter_Black_Hole_appletv.m4v (960x540) [93.0 MB] || G2015-040_Dark_Matter_Black_Hole_1280x720.wmv (1280x720) [103.5 MB] || G2015-040_Dark_Matter_Black_Hole_appletv_subtitles.m4v (960x540) [92.9 MB] || G2015-040_Dark_Matter_Black_Hole_ipod_lg.m4v (640x360) [37.6 MB] || 11894_Dark_Matter_Black_Hole_SRT_Captions.en_us.en_US.srt [4.2 KB] || 11894_Dark_Matter_Black_Hole_SRT_Captions.en_us.en_US.vtt [4.2 KB] || G2015-040_Dark_Matter_Black_Hole_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [20.1 MB] || ", "release_date": "2015-06-23T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:49:39.865828-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 442802, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011800/a011894/DMBH_layered.jpg", "filename": "DMBH_layered.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": " The image layers multiple frames from the visualization to increase the number of dark matter particles. The particles are shown as gray spheres attached to shaded trails representing their motion. Redder trails indicate particles more strongly affected by the black hole's gravitation and closer to its event horizon (black sphere at center, mostly hidden by trails). The ergosphere, where all matter and light must follow the black hole's spin, is shown in teal. Credit: NASA Goddard Scientific Visualization Studio ", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } }, { "id": 406090, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 12317, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12317/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA's Fermi Mission Broadens its Dark Matter Search", "description": "Top: Gamma rays (magenta lines) coming from a bright source like NGC 1275 in the Perseus galaxy cluster should form a particular type of spectrum (right). Bottom: Gamma rays convert into hypothetical axion-like particles (green dashes) and back again when they encounter magnetic fields (gray curves). The resulting gamma-ray spectrum (lower curve at right) would show unusual steps and gaps not seen in Fermi data, which means a range of these particles cannot make up a portion of dark matter.Credit: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Chris Smith || ALP_2_sequences.gif (1074x580) [211.8 KB] || ", "release_date": "2016-08-12T13:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:48:24.423680-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 421560, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012300/a012317/smc_dm_split.jpg", "filename": "smc_dm_split.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), at center, is the second-largest satellite galaxy orbiting our own. This image superimposes a photograph of the SMC with one half of a model of its dark matter (right of center). Lighter colors indicate greater density and show a strong concentration toward the galaxy's center. Ninety-five percent of the dark matter is contained within a circle tracing the outer edge of the model shown. In six years of data, Fermi finds no indication of gamma rays from the SMC's dark matter.Credits: Dark matter, R. Caputo et al. 2016; background, Axel Mellinger, Central Michigan University", "width": 1920, "height": 1024, "pixels": 1966080 } } }, { "id": 406092, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 11513, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11513/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Fermi Hints at Dark Matter", "description": "Using public data from NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, independent scientists at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Harvard University, MIT and the University of Chicago have developed new maps showing that the galactic center produces more high-energy gamma rays than can be explained by known sources and that this excess emission is consistent with some forms of dark matter. No one knows the true nature of dark matter, but WIMPs, or Weakly Interacting Massive Particles, represent a leading class of candidates. Theorists have envisioned a wide range of WIMP types, some of which may either mutually annihilate or produce an intermediate, quickly decaying particle when they collide. Both of these pathways end with the production of gamma rays — the most energetic form of light — at energies within the detection range of Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT).The galactic center teems with gamma-ray sources, from interacting binary systems and isolated pulsars to supernova remnants and particles colliding with interstellar gas. It's also where astronomers expect to find the galaxy's highest density of dark matter, which only affects normal matter and radiation through its gravity. Large amounts of dark matter attract normal matter, forming a foundation upon which visible structures, like galaxies, are built. When the astronomers carefully subtract all known gamma-ray sources from LAT observations of the galactic center, a patch of leftover emission remains. This excess appears most prominent at energies between 1 and 3 billion electron volts (GeV) — roughly a billion times greater than that of visible light — and extends outward at least 5,000 light-years from the galactic center. The researchers find these features difficult to reconcile with other explanations proposed, such as undiscovered pulsars. The gamma-ray spectrum of the excess, its symmetry around the galactic center and its overall brightness, is, however, consistent with annihilations of dark matter particles in the mass range of 31 and 40 GeV. The scientists note that discoveries in other astronomical objects, such as dwarf galaxies, and experiments on Earth designed to directly detect dark matter particles will be needed to confirm this interpretation. For more information: Fermi Data Tantalize With New Clues To Dark Matter || ", "release_date": "2014-04-03T11:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:51:02.687483-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 456828, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011500/a011513/heatmap_Final.jpg", "filename": "heatmap_Final.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Movie, no labels, dissolving from the unprocessed map to one with sources removed and back to unprocessed. Details as above. The first file—labeled MPEG—is an animated GIF.\r\rCredit: T. Linden (Univ. of Chicago)\r", "width": 900, "height": 900, "pixels": 810000 } } }, { "id": 406093, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 12505, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12505/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Fermi Detects Gamma-ray Puzzle from M31", "description": "NASA's Fermi telescope has detected a gamma-ray excess at the center of the Andromeda Galaxy that's similar to a signature Fermi previously detected at the center of our own Milky Way. Watch to learn more. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/Scott Wiessinger, producerMusic: \"Lost Time\" from Killer TracksWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available. || 12505_Fermi_M31_FINAL_appletv.00382_print.jpg (1024x576) [172.8 KB] || Fermi_M31_Still_searchweb.png (320x180) [92.6 KB] || Fermi_M31_Still_thm.png (80x40) [5.9 KB] || 12505_Fermi_M31_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [1.1 GB] || 12505_Fermi_M31_FINAL_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [674.5 MB] || 12505_Fermi_M31_1080p.mov (1920x1080) [128.2 MB] || 12505_Fermi_M31_Good_1080.m4v (1920x1080) [85.0 MB] || 12505_Fermi_M31_FINAL_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [41.7 MB] || 12505_Fermi_M31_Compatible.m4v (960x540) [34.7 MB] || WMV_12505_Fermi_M31_FINAL_HD.wmv (1920x1080) [205.4 MB] || 12505_Fermi_M31_FINAL_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [41.7 MB] || 12505_Fermi_M31_Compatible.webm (960x540) [9.0 MB] || 12505_Fermi_M31_SRT_Captions.en_US.srt [854 bytes] || 12505_Fermi_M31_SRT_Captions.en_US.vtt [867 bytes] || ", "release_date": "2017-02-21T14:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:47:54.853886-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 416331, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012500/a012505/Fermi_M31_Still_print.jpg", "filename": "Fermi_M31_Still_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The gamma-ray excess (shown in yellow-white) at the heart of M31 hints at unexpected goings-on in the galaxy's central region. Scientists think the signal could be produced by a variety of processes, including a population of pulsars or even dark matter. Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration and Bill Schoening, Vanessa Harvey/REU program/NOAO/AURA/NSF", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406094, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 11437, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11437/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "First Gamma-ray Measurement of a Gravitational Lens", "description": "Astronomers using NASA's Fermi observatory have made the first gamma-ray measurements of a gravitational lens, a kind of natural telescope formed when a rare cosmic alignment allows the gravity of a massive object to bend and amplify light from a more distant source.The opportunity arose in September 2012, when Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT) detected a series of bright gamma-ray flares from a source known as B0218+357, located 4.35 billion light-years away in the constellation Triangulum. These powerful outbursts in a known gravitational lens provided the key to making the measurement. Astronomers classify B0218+357 as a blazar, a type of active galaxy noted for intense outbursts. At the blazar's heart is a supersized black hole with a mass millions to billions of times that of the sun. As matter spirals toward this black hole, some of it blasts outward as jets of particles traveling near the speed of light in opposite directions.Long before light from B0218+357 reaches us, it passes directly through a spiral galaxy – one much like our own – located 4.03 billion light-years away. The galaxy's gravity bends the light into different paths, so astronomers see the background blazar as dual images. But these paths aren't the same length, which means that when one image flares, there's a delay of many days before the other does.While radio and optical telescopes can resolve and monitor the individual blazar images, Fermi's LAT cannot. Instead, the Fermi team exploited the playback delay between the images. In September 2012, when the blazar's flaring activity made it the brightest gamma-ray source outside of our own galaxy, Fermi scientists took advantage of the opportunity by using a week of dedicated LAT time to hunt for delayed flares. Three episodes of flares showing playback delays of 11.46 days were found, with the strongest evidence in a sequence of flares captured during the week-long LAT observations. || ", "release_date": "2014-01-06T10:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:51:19.955910-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 459769, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011400/a011437/Lensed_Blazar_Still.jpg", "filename": "Lensed_Blazar_Still.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This movie illustrates the components of a gravitational lens system known as B0218+357. Different sight lines to a background blazar result in two images that show outbursts at slightly different times. NASA's Fermi made the first gamma-ray measurements of this delay in a lens system. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } }, { "id": 406095, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 10887, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10887/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA's Fermi Space Telescope Explores New Energy Extremes", "description": "After more than three years in space, NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is extending its view of the high-energy sky into a range that to date has been largely unexplored territory. Now, the Fermi team has presented its first \"head count\" of sources in this new realm.Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT) scans the entire sky every three hours, continually deepening its portrait of the sky in gamma rays, the most extreme form of light. While the energy of visible light falls between about 2 and 3 electron volts, the LAT detects gamma rays with energies ranging from 20 million electron volts (MeV) to more than 300 billion (GeV).But at higher energies, gamma rays are few and far between. Above 10 GeV, even Fermi's LAT detects only one gamma ray every four months from some sources. The LAT's predecessor, the EGRET instrument on NASA's Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, detected only 1,500 individual gamma rays in this range during its nine-year lifetime, while the LAT detected more than 150,000 in just three years.Any object producing gamma rays at these energies is undergoing extraordinary astrophysical processes. More than half of the 496 sources in the new census are active galaxies, where matter falling into a supermassive black hole powers jets that spray out particles at nearly the speed of light. || ", "release_date": "2012-01-10T10:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:20.645444-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 480106, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010887/Fermi-3-year_web.png", "filename": "Fermi-3-year_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Fermi's view of the gamma-ray sky continually improves. This image of the entire sky includes three years of observations by Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT). It shows how the sky appears at energies greater than 1 billion electron volts (1 GeV). Brighter colors indicate brighter gamma-ray sources. A diffuse glow fills the sky and is brightest along the plane of our galaxy (middle). Discrete gamma-ray sources include pulsars and supernova remnants within our galaxy as well as distant galaxies powered by supermassive black holes. Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "width": 320, "height": 183, "pixels": 58560 } } }, { "id": 406091, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 11117, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11117/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA's Fermi Explores the Early Universe", "description": "Astronomers using data from NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope have made the most accurate measurement of starlight in the universe and used it to establish the total amount of light from all of the stars that have ever shone, accomplishing a primary mission goal.Gamma rays are the most energetic form of light. Since Fermi's launch in 2008, its Large Area Telescope (LAT) observes the entire sky in high-energy gamma rays every three hours, creating the most detailed map of the universe ever known at these energies. The total sum of starlight in the cosmos is known to astronomers as the extragalactic background light (EBL). To gamma rays, the EBL functions as a kind of cosmic fog. Ajello and his team investigated the EBL by studying gamma rays from 150 blazars, or galaxies powered by black holes, that were strongly detected at energies greater than 3 billion electron volts (GeV), or more than a billion times the energy of visible light. As matter falls toward a galaxy's supermassive black hole, some of it is accelerated outward at almost the speed of light in jets pointed in opposite directions. When one of the jets happens to be aimed in the direction of Earth, the galaxy appears especially bright and is classified as a blazar.Gamma rays produced in blazar jets travel across billions of light-years to Earth. During their journey, the gamma rays pass through an increasing fog of visible and ultraviolet light emitted by stars that formed throughout the history of the universe. Occasionally, a gamma ray collides with starlight and transforms into a pair of particles — an electron and its antimatter counterpart, a positron. Once this occurs, the gamma ray light is lost. In effect, the process dampens the gamma-ray signal in much the same way as fog dims a distant lighthouse. From studies of nearby blazars, scientists have determined how many gamma rays should be emitted at different energies. More distant blazars show fewer gamma rays at higher energies — especially above 25 GeV — thanks to absorption by the cosmic fog. The farthest blazars are missing most of their higher-energy gamma rays.The researchers then determined the average gamma-ray attenuation across three distance ranges between 9.6 billion years ago and today. From this measurement, the scientists were able to estimate the fog's thickness. To account for the observations, the average stellar density in the cosmos is about 1.4 stars per 100 billion cubic light-years. To put this in another way, the average distance between stars in the universe is about 4,150 light-years.See the media briefing page here. || ", "release_date": "2012-11-01T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:52:39.426432-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 471433, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011100/a011117/blazarFinal_cdewilde.02963.jpg", "filename": "blazarFinal_cdewilde.02963.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation tracks several gamma rays through space and time, from their emission in the jet of a distant blazar to their arrival in Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT). During their journey, the number of randomly moving ultraviolet and optical photons (blue) increases as more and more stars are born in the universe. Eventually, one of the gamma rays encounters a photon of starlight and the gamma ray transforms into an electron and a positron. The remaining gamma-ray photons arrive at Fermi, interact with tungsten plates in the LAT, and produce the electrons and positrons whose paths through the detector allows astronomers to backtrack the gamma rays to their source. This version has music and additional elements on it. For an animation-only version, go here.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/Cruz deWildeWatch this video on the NASAexplorer YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406096, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 10510, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10510/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Einstein's Cosmic Speed Limit", "description": "In its first year of operations, NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has mapped the entire sky with unprecedented resolution and sensitivity in gamma-rays, the highest-energy form of light. On May 10, 2009 a pair of gamma-ray photons reached Fermi only 900 milliseconds apart after traveling for 7 billion years. Fermi's measurement gives us rare experimental evidence that space-time is smooth as Einstein predicted, and has shut the door on several approaches to gravity where space-time is foamy enough to interfere strongly with light.Watch this video on the NASAexplorer YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here. || Einsteins_Cosmic_Speed_Limit_512x288_web.png (320x180) [223.5 KB] || Einsteins_Cosmic_Speed_Limit_512x288_thm.png (80x40) [16.5 KB] || Einsteins_Cosmic_Speed_Limit_Thumbnail.jpg (346x260) [107.4 KB] || Einsteins_Cosmic_Speed_Limit_AppleTV.webmhd.webm (960x540) [82.4 MB] || Einsteins_Cosmic_Speed_Limit_AppleTV.m4v (960x540) [208.4 MB] || Einsteins_Cosmic_Speed_Limit_1280x720_H264.mov (1280x720) [433.5 MB] || Einsteins_Cosmic_Speed_Limit_1280x720_ProRes.mov (1280x720) [5.2 GB] || Einsteins_Cosmic_Speed_Limit_640x480_ipod.m4v (640x360) [68.6 MB] || Einsteins_Cosmic_Speed_Limit_512x288.mpg (512x288) [38.3 MB] || Einsteins_Cosmic_Speed_Limit_320x240.mp4 (320x180) [26.5 MB] || GSFC_20091029_EinsteinsCosmicSpeedLimit.wmv (346x236) [38.4 MB] || ", "release_date": "2009-10-28T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:31.080358-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 495569, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010500/a010510/Einsteins_Cosmic_Speed_Limit_512x288_web.png", "filename": "Einsteins_Cosmic_Speed_Limit_512x288_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "In its first year of operations, NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has mapped the entire sky with unprecedented resolution and sensitivity in gamma-rays, the highest-energy form of light. On May 10, 2009 a pair of gamma-ray photons reached Fermi only 900 milliseconds apart after traveling for 7 billion years. Fermi's measurement gives us rare experimental evidence that space-time is smooth as Einstein predicted, and has shut the door on several approaches to gravity where space-time is foamy enough to interfere strongly with light.Watch this video on the NASAexplorer YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } } }, { "id": 406097, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 10508, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10508/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Fermi All-Sky First Year Progress", "description": "This view of the gamma-ray sky constructed from one year of Fermi LAT observations is the best view of the extreme universe to date. The map shows the rate at which the LAT detects gamma rays with energies above 300 million electron volts — about 120 million times the energy of visible light — from different sky directions. Brighter colors equal higher rates. || ", "release_date": "2009-10-28T01:45:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:30.903017-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 495519, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010500/a010508/NEW_Fermi_All_Sky_Dissolve_512x288.00452_print.jpg", "filename": "NEW_Fermi_All_Sky_Dissolve_512x288.00452_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Sequence of dissolves showing the improvement in the Fermi all-sky map, from 1 week to 1 year.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406098, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 10347, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10347/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "GLAST First Light All Sky Map", "description": "NASA's newest observatory, the Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST), has begun its mission of exploring the universe in high-energy gamma rays. The spacecraft and its revolutionary instruments passed their orbital checkout with flying colors. NASA announced today that GLAST has been renamed the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The new name honors Prof. Enrico Fermi (1901 - 1954), a pioneer in high-energy physics. Scientists expect Fermi will discover many new pulsars in our own galaxy, reveal powerful processes near supermassive black holes at the cores of thousands of active galaxies across, and enable a search for signs of new physical laws. || ", "release_date": "2008-08-26T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:06.991290-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 502079, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010300/a010347/GLAST_first_light_all_sky_map.00052_print.jpg", "filename": "GLAST_first_light_all_sky_map.00052_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Orthographic MapAstronomers wrapped the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope's first all-sky map over a sphere to produce this view of the gamma-ray universe. The globe in this animation rotates showing the galactic plane and the north galactic pole, then tilts up to show the south galactic pole region.", "width": 1024, "height": 768, "pixels": 786432 } } }, { "id": 406099, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 12027, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12027/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASM 2015: Our Violent Universe", "description": "NASM 2015 Presentation - Our Violent Universe || poster-VX-73356-00-00-25,41.jpg (1280x720) [159.6 KB] || poster-VX-73356-00-00-25,41_searchweb.png (320x180) [94.7 KB] || poster-VX-73356-00-00-25,41_thm.png (80x40) [6.8 KB] || APPLE_TV_G2015-086_NASM_2015_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [1.6 GB] || NASA_TV_G2015-086_NASM_2015.mpeg (1280x720) [10.9 GB] || WMV_G2015-086_NASM_2015_HD.wmv (1280x720) [630.3 MB] || YOUTUBE_HQ_G2015-086_NASM_2015_youtube_hq.mov (1280x720) [8.3 GB] || G2015-086_NASM_2015_edited.mov (1280x720) [29.2 GB] || WEBM_G2015-086_NASM_2015.webm (960x540) [1.3 GB] || APPLE_TV_G2015-086_NASM_2015_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [1.6 GB] || G2015-086_NASM2015.en_US.srt [77.0 KB] || G2015-086_NASM2015.en_US.vtt [72.4 KB] || NASA_PODCAST_G2015-086_NASM_2015_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [589.1 MB] || ", "release_date": "2015-11-23T11:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:49:05.846126-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 438520, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012027/poster-VX-73356-00-00-25,41.jpg", "filename": "poster-VX-73356-00-00-25,41.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "NASM 2015 Presentation - Our Violent Universe", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406100, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 10543, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10543/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Neutron Star Merge", "description": "Binary systems containing neutron stars are born when the cores of two orbiting stars collapse in supernova explosions. Neutron stars pack the mass of our sun into the size of a city. They are so dense and packed so tightly that the boundaries atoms nuclei disappear. In such systems, Einstein's theory of general relativity predicts that neutron stars emit gravitational radiation, ripples of space-time. This causes the orbits to shrink and gradually brings the neutron stars closer together. Shown here is such a system after about 1 billion years, when two equal-mass neutron whirl around each other at 60,000 times a minute. The stars merge in a few milliseconds, sending out a burst of gravitational waves and a brief, intense gamma-ray burst. || ", "release_date": "2010-01-26T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:23.191409-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 494494, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010500/a010543/Merge_Horizontal.00038_print.jpg", "filename": "Merge_Horizontal.00038_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation shows the merger of two neutron stars from a horizontal perspective. Theory predicts that these kinds of collisions would not produce a long afterglow because there isn't much \"fuel\" — dust and gas — from the objects and in the region to sustain an afterglow", "width": 1024, "height": 691, "pixels": 707584 } } }, { "id": 406101, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 10955, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10955/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "WIMPs—Weakly Interacting Massive Particles", "description": "Weakly Interacting Massive Particles, or WIMPs, represent one hypothesized class of particles to explain dark matter.They neither absorb nor emit light and don't interact strongly with other particles. But when they encounter each other, they annihilate and make gamma rays. || ", "release_date": "2012-03-30T15:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:10.489004-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 476980, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010900/a010955/WIMPs_mk_IV0503.png", "filename": "WIMPs_mk_IV0503.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Animation showing some characteristics of WIMPs", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406102, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 11130, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11130/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Fermi Observation of Early Background Light Animation", "description": "This animation tracks several gamma rays through space and time, from their emission in the jet of a distant blazar to their arrival in Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT). During their journey, the number of randomly moving ultraviolet and optical photons (blue) increases as more and more stars are born in the universe. Eventually, one of the gamma rays encounters a photon of starlight and the gamma ray transforms into an electron and a positron. The remaining gamma-ray photons arrive at Fermi, interact with tungsten plates in the LAT, and produce the electrons and positrons whose paths through the detector allows astronomers to backtrack the gamma rays to their source. || ", "release_date": "2012-11-01T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-01-06T01:27:04.943680-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 471033, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011100/a011130/blazarFinal_cdewilde.01820.jpg", "filename": "blazarFinal_cdewilde.01820.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Artist's rendering of the process described above.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406103, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 10489, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10489/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Gamma-ray Burst Photon Delay as Expected by Quantum Gravity", "description": "In this illustration, one photon (purple) carries a million times the energy of another (yellow). Some theorists predict travel delays for higher-energy photons, which interact more strongly with the proposed frothy nature of space-time. Yet Fermi data on two photons from a gamma-ray burst fail to show this effect, eliminating some approaches to a new theory of gravity. || ", "release_date": "2009-10-28T01:45:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:30.407152-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 495475, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010400/a010489/Quantum_Gravity_Photons_Race_512x288.00252_print.jpg", "filename": "Quantum_Gravity_Photons_Race_512x288.00252_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Animation showing how the photons may have acted if the structure of space-time was foamy. However, Fermi data has shown that that effect does not exist.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406104, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 10690, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10690/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "How to make a gamma ray", "description": "A series of animations showing how gamma rays can be created through various particle interactions. || ", "release_date": "2010-11-09T13:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:57.665308-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 489082, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010600/a010690/Inverse_Compton278.jpg", "filename": "Inverse_Compton278.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Inverse Compton scattering animation. An electron travelling at close the speed of light has a head-on collision with a lower-energy photon (from microwave to ultraviolet). The photon picks up energy from the electron and becomes a gamma ray.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 406105, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 20113, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20113/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "Gamma Ray Creation", "description": "Gamma rays are the highest-energy forms of light in the electromagnetic spectrum and they can have over a billion times the energy of the type of light visible to the human eye. Gamma rays can be created in several different ways: a high-energy particle can collide with another particle, a particle can collide and annihilate with its anti-particle, an element can undergo radioactive decay, or a charged particle can be accelerated. In this animation, we see a high-energy photon collide with a free electron, which causes the creation of a gamma-ray. || ", "release_date": "2007-09-07T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:35.783777-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 507611, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020100/a020113/electronsphot49300493_print.jpg", "filename": "electronsphot49300493_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation shows a high-energy photon (blue coil) colliding with a free electron (red ball), which causes the release of a gamma-ray (purple flash). ", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } }, { "id": 406106, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 4183, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4183/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Capturing Dark Matter with Black Holes", "description": "In this visualization, we plot the trajectories of random-distribution of hypothesized dark matter particles around a maximally-rotating black hole. The particles captured by the hole are seen collecting around the event horizon in the center, the particles experiencing stronger and stronger redshift, respresented by the stronger red coloration of the particle trail.The ergosphere is represented by the bluish oblate spheroid shape around the spherical event horizon. Inside the ergosphere, the distortion of space is so strong that particles must be deflected and carried with the rotation of the black hole. Hence, while the particles are traveling all different directions far from the black hole, we see them carried in the same direction close to the event horizon. || ", "release_date": "2015-06-23T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:49:39.719953-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 453747, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004100/a004183/BlackHoleParticlesOblique_inertial.HD1080i.0400_print.jpg", "filename": "BlackHoleParticlesOblique_inertial.HD1080i.0400_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Oblique view of dark matter particles collecting around the black hole. This provides a better view of some of the more complex trajectories near the spin axis.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } } ], "extra_data": {} } ] }