{ "id": 40033, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/2005hurricane-season/", "page_type": "Gallery", "title": "2005 Hurricane Season", "description": "Visualizations on hurricanes and tropical storms from the 2005 hurricane season.", "release_date": "2010-03-08T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2010-03-08T00:00:00-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 513027, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003265/rita_v06still.0600_web_searchweb.jpg", "filename": "rita_v06still.0600_web_searchweb.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Hurricane Rita threatening the Texas and Louisiana coasts on 9/23/05.", "width": 180, "height": 320, "pixels": 57600 }, "media_groups": [ { "id": 370446, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/2005hurricane-season/#media_group_370446", "widget": "Basic text (large)", "title": "Overview", "caption": "", "description": "Visualizations on hurricanes and tropical storms from the 2005 hurricane season.", "items": [], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 370447, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/2005hurricane-season/#media_group_370447", "widget": "Card gallery", "title": "Multi-Hurricane Visualizations", "caption": "", "description": "", "items": [ { "id": 402585, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3354, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3354/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "27 Storms: Arlene to Zeta", "description": "Many records were broken during the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season including the most hurricanes ever, the most category 5 hurricanes, and the most intense hurricane ever recorded in the Atlantic as measured by atmospheric pressure. This visualization shows all 27 named storms that formed in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season and examines some of the conditions that made hurricane formation so favorable.The animation begins by showing the regions of warm water that are favorable for storm development advancing northward through the peak of hurricane season and then receding as the waters cool. The thermal energy in these warm waters powers the hurricanes. Strong shearing winds in the troposphere can disrupt developing young storms, but measurements indicate that there was very little shearing wind activity in 2005 to impede storm formation.Sea surface temperatures, clouds, storm tracks, and hurricane category labels are shown as the hurricane season progresses.This visualization shows some of the actual data that NASA and NOAA satellites measured in 2005 — data used to predict the paths and intensities of hurricanes. Satellite data play a vital role in helping us understand the land, ocean, and atmosphere systems that have such dramatic effects on our lives.NOTE: This animation shows the named storms from the 2005 hurricane season. During a re-analysis of 2005, NOAA's Tropical Prediction Center/National Hurricane Center determined that a short-lived subtropcial storm developed near the Azores Islands in late September, increasing the 2005 tropical storm count from 27 to 28. This storm was not named and is not shown in this animation.'27 Storms: Arlene to Zeta' played in the SIGGRAPH 2007 Computer Animation Festival in August 2007. It was also a finalist in the 2006 NSF Science and Engineering Visualization Challenge. || ", "release_date": "2006-05-31T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-01-05T00:00:30.812252-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 510914, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003300/a003354/27stormsOL.01000_web.png", "filename": "27stormsOL.01000_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Full version with audio and annotationsThis video is also available on our YouTube channel.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } } }, { "id": 402586, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3306, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3306/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "2005 Hurricanes: Clouds and Sea Surface Temperature", "description": "This visualization shows sea surface temperatures during most of the 2005 hurricane season. Overlaid are infrared cloud data, storm track data, and storm name labels. Warm ocean waters provide the heat energy that fuels hurricanes. Notice the correspondence between the storm tracks and the sea surface temperature response; this is particulary noticeable for hurricanes Dennis, Emily, and Katrina, where the hurricanes churn up the ocean so that cooler water rises to the surface. This version shows the entire Atlantic hurricane region and depicts all of the 2005 hurricanes except Zeta, which appeared at the very end of the year. || ", "release_date": "2006-04-12T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:54.520123-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 511094, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003300/a003306/hurricanes2005_depc_tracksALL.0356.png", "filename": "hurricanes2005_depc_tracksALL.0356.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The 2005 hurricane season showing sea surface temperatures, clouds, and named storm tracks. Cloud data comes from GOES-12 and sea surface temperature comes from AMSR-E.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 1024, "height": 512, "pixels": 524288 } } }, { "id": 402587, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3279, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3279/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Named Storms from the 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Season (Wide Shot)", "description": "An updated version of this visualization is available. Please see animation identification number 3354.This visualization shows sea surface temperatures during most of the 2005 hurricane season. Overlaid are infrared cloud data, storm track data, and storm name labels. Ocean temperatures are the fuel that drive hurricanes. Notice the correspondence between the storm tracks and the sea surface temperature response; this is particulary noticeable for hurricanes Dennis, Emily, and Katrina. This versions shows a wide view of the Gulf of Mexico and Western Atlantic Ocean.This visualization includes all of the named storms from Arlene though Wilma; however, Vince is not within the camera's view since it was in the Portugal/Spain region. Wilma tied the record for the most named Atlantic tropical storms in recorded history; and, the list of seleced names for this season is exhausted. Other storms that have formed after Wilma, have been named after the Greek alphabet. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-17T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:02.788425-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 512538, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003279/hurricanes2005_wide.3593.jpg", "filename": "hurricanes2005_wide.3593.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The 2005 Hurricane season showing sea surface temperatures, clouds, and storm tracks", "width": 720, "height": 486, "pixels": 349920 } } }, { "id": 402588, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3257, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3257/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Sea Surface Temperature from June 1, 2005 to September 18, 2005", "description": "This visualization shows the sea surface temperatures for the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season from June 1, 2005 through September 18, 2005. The ocean colors represent the sea surface temperatures. Orange and red depict regions that are 82 degrees F and higher, where the ocean is warm enough for hurricanes to form. Hurricane winds are sustained by the heat energy of the ocean, so the ocean is cooled as the hurricane passes and the energy is extracted to power the winds. The sea surface temperatures were measured by the AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite. Several hurricane color water trails can be seen through this animation - particulary hurricanes Dennis, Emily, and Katrina. || ", "release_date": "2005-09-09T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:07.311794-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513417, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003257/sst2005_to_Sep18_640x480_web.jpg", "filename": "sst2005_to_Sep18_640x480_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Sea surface temperature", "width": 320, "height": 240, "pixels": 76800 } } }, { "id": 402589, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3220, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3220/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Behold, A Whirlwind Came: The Science of Tracking Hurricanes", "description": "This documentary-style video shows how NASA computer modeling research is contributing to an improved understanding and forecasts of hurricanes. It weaves interviews of three Goddard Space Flight Center scientists with scientific visualizations and live-action footage of hurricanes and the scientists studying them. The video focuses on application of the NASA finite-volume General Circulation Model (fvGCM) to the 2004 Atlantic Ocean hurricane season. Over the last 20 years, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Hurricane Center and National Weather Service have produced enormous improvements in hurricane forecasting. However, by running at ~25-kilometer resolution (twice that of current operational forecasts), the NASA fvGCM has shown in some cases an accuracy of landfall prediction on the order of 100 kilometers up to 5 days in advance. Initial evaluation suggests that the potential exists for dramatic improvements in warning time and intensity forecasts for tropical cyclones around the globe. NASA has begun collaborating with the National Weather Service and other agencies worldwide to improve forecasts so that, among other advantages, local authorities can narrow areas for evacuation. The video was produced for the TerraLink exhibit at the Maryland Science Center in Baltimore.Winner of the 2005 Video Competition Crystal Award of Excellence. || ", "release_date": "2005-08-31T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:08.006738-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513555, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003220/BEHOLD_title_web.jpg", "filename": "BEHOLD_title_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The title screen from the video includes footage of the 2004 hurricane season in Florida.", "width": 320, "height": 216, "pixels": 69120 } } }, { "id": 402590, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3226, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3226/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Sea Surface Temperature, Clouds, and Tropical Depression/Storm/Hurricane Tracks from June 1, 2005 to August 29, 2005", "description": "This visualization shows sea surface temperatures during the early part of the 2005 hurricane season. Overlaid are infrared cloud data and storm track data. Ocean temperatures are the fuel that drive hurricanes. Notice the correspondence between the storm tracks and the sea surface temperature response; this is particulary noticeable for hurricanes Dennis, Emily, and Katrina. || ", "release_date": "2005-09-09T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:07.132435-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513394, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003226/katrina_sstTracksSTILL.20050829.jpg", "filename": "katrina_sstTracksSTILL.20050829.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Sea surface temperature with clouds and tracks on Aug 29, 2005", "width": 2560, "height": 1920, "pixels": 4915200 } } }, { "id": 402591, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3225, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3225/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Sea Surface Temperature from June 1, 2005 to August 29, 2005", "description": "This visualization shows the sea surface temperatures for the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season from June 1, 2005 through August 29, 2005. The ocean colors represent the sea surface temperatures. Orange and red depict regions that are 82 degrees F and higher, where the ocean is warm enough for hurricanes to form. Hurricane winds are sustained by the heat energy of the ocean, so the ocean is cooled as the hurricane passes and the energy is extracted to power the winds. The sea surface temperatures were measured by the AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite. Several hurricane color water trails can be seen through this animation - particulary hurricanes Dennis, Emily, and Katrina. || ", "release_date": "2005-09-09T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:06.995452-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513362, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003225/sstSTILL_20050829_web.jpg", "filename": "sstSTILL_20050829_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Sea surface temperature on Aug 29, 2005", "width": 320, "height": 240, "pixels": 76800 } } }, { "id": 402592, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3361, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3361/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Atlantic Hurricane/Storm Summary", "description": "These still images shows plots of time vs. wind speed for each tropical storm/hurricane of the Atlantic Hurricane seasons. Horizontal lines indicate wind speed category thresholds. A line plot for each storm shows the storm's name and a marker at the peak wind speed.The plot for the current year automatically updates every 2 hours during hurricane season. || 2018 Atlantic hurricanes and storms || hurricane_plot2018.gif (1280x720) [15.0 KB] || ", "release_date": "2006-06-13T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:52.781690-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 510732, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003300/a003361/hurricane_plot2008.gif", "filename": "hurricane_plot2008.gif", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "2008 Atlantic hurricanes and storms", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 370448, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/2005hurricane-season/#media_group_370448", "widget": "Tile gallery", "title": "Katrina", "caption": "", "description": "", "items": [ { "id": 402593, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3360, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3360/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "MAP '05 Models Hurricane Katrina's Winds from August 23, 2005 through August 31, 2005", "description": "During the summer of 2005, the Earth-Sun Exploration Division of NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center(GSFC) brought together resources from NASA to study tropical cyclones. The MAP '05 Project, so named for its affiliation with NASA's Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) program, applies NASA's advanced satellite remote sensing technologies and earth system modeling capabilities to improve our understanding of tropical cyclones that develop in and move across the Atlantic basin. MAP '05 implemented the most recent version of the NASA/Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) fifth-generation global atmospheric model and the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) analysis system under development as a collaboration between NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at GSFC. This animation displays MAP '05's wind analysis data for every 6 hour interval from August 23 through August 31, 2005. || ", "release_date": "2006-06-07T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:52.985323-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 510792, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003300/a003360/katrina_winds_lifecycle_august312005.0670.jpg", "filename": "katrina_winds_lifecycle_august312005.0670.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "August 31, 2005 - Katrina is now classified as a Tropical Depression with winds of 28.8 mph.", "width": 2560, "height": 1920, "pixels": 4915200 } } }, { "id": 402594, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3359, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3359/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "MAP '05 Models Hurricane Katrina's Winds on August 29, 2005", "description": "During the summer of 2005 the Earth-Sun Exploration Division of NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center(GSFC) brought together resources from NASA to study tropical cyclones. The MAP '05 Project, so named for its affiliation with NASA's Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) program, applies NASA's advanced satellite remote sensing technologies and earth system modeling capabilities to improve our understanding of tropical cyclones that develop in and move across the Atlantic basin. MAP '05 implemented the most recent version of the NASA/Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) fifth-generation global atmospheric model and the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) analysis system under development as a collaboration between NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at GSFC. This animation generates a white static flow fields from the MAP '05 wind analysis data. || ", "release_date": "2006-06-07T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:52.869454-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 510759, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003300/a003359/829wind_025.0360.jpg", "filename": "829wind_025.0360.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "August 29, 2005 at 06Zulu. Hurricane Katrina was classified as a Category 4 hurricane with sustained winds of 155 mph. ", "width": 720, "height": 486, "pixels": 349920 } } }, { "id": 402595, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3328, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3328/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Aqua MODIS Ocean Color Swath during Hurricane Katrina", "description": "The Aqua satellite orbits the Earth every 99 minutes in a polar, sun-synchronous orbit. The MODIS instrument on Aqua observes reflected light from the Earth in 36 spectral frequencies. These observations can be processed to show many properties of the Earth's surface, from temperature and phytoplankton measurements near the surface of the ocean to fire occurrences and land cover characteristics on the land surface.This animation shows MODIS ocean color data from about 4 days of individual Aqua orbits. Ocean color is a measurement of the amount of chlorophyll in ocean phytoplankton and is therefore a direct measurement of the amount of life in the ocean. It can only be measured in ocean regions that are free of both clouds and sun glint, the bright band of specular reflection in the center of each granule. || ", "release_date": "2006-04-12T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-02-02T22:00:22.971296-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 511156, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003300/a003328/modis_chlor_swath.0123.png", "filename": "modis_chlor_swath.0123.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Four days of Aqua MODIS ocean color swaths during the period of Hurricane Katrina, from August 27, 2005 through August 30, 2005.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 1024, "height": 512, "pixels": 524288 } } }, { "id": 402596, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3327, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3327/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Aqua MODIS Ocean Color Progression during Hurricane Katrina", "description": "The Aqua satellite orbits the Earth every 99 minutes in a polar, sun-synchronous orbit. The MODIS instrument on Aqua observes reflected light from the Earth in 36 spectral frequencies. These observations can be processed to show many properties of the Earth's surface, from temperature and phytoplankton measurements near the surface of the ocean to fire occurrences and land cover characteristics on the land surface. This animation shows MODIS ocean color data from about 4 days of individual Aqua orbits. Ocean color is a measurement of the amount of chlorophyll in ocean phytoplankton and is therefore a direct measurement of the amount of life in the ocean. It can only be measured in ocean regions that are free of both clouds and sun glint, the bright band of specular reflection in the center of each granule. For this animation the data is accumulated and so builds up a complete picture of the surface of the Earth except around the South Pole, which is in darkness during the entire 4-day period. || ", "release_date": "2006-04-12T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-12-15T22:00:12.342206-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 511147, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003300/a003327/modis_chlor_progress.0487.png", "filename": "modis_chlor_progress.0487.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Four days of accumulating Aqua MODIS ocean color swaths during the period of Hurricane Katrina, from August 27, 2005 through August 30, 2005.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 1024, "height": 512, "pixels": 524288 } } }, { "id": 402597, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3326, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3326/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Aqua MODIS Ocean Color Granules during Hurricane Katrina", "description": "The Aqua satellite orbits the Earth every 99 minutes in a polar, sun-synchronous orbit. The MODIS instrument on Aqua observes reflected light from the Earth in 36 spectral frequencies. These observations can be processed to show many properties of the Earth's surface, from temperature and phytoplankton measurements near the surface of the ocean to fire occurrences and land cover characteristics on the land surface.The MODIS observations start out divided into 5-minute sections called granules, and this animation shows MODIS ocean color data from about 4 days of individual Aqua granules. Ocean color is a measurement of the amount of chlorophyll in ocean phytoplankton and is therefore a direct measurement of the amount of life in the ocean. It can only be measured in ocean regions that are free of both clouds and sun glint, the bright band of specular reflection in the center of each granule. || ", "release_date": "2006-04-12T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:54.936254-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 511138, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003300/a003326/modis_chlor_granule.0175.png", "filename": "modis_chlor_granule.0175.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Four days of Aqua MODIS ocean color granules during the period of Hurricane Katrina, from August 27, 2005 through August 30, 2005.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 1024, "height": 512, "pixels": 524288 } } }, { "id": 402598, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3325, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3325/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "MODIS Sea Surface Temperature Swath during Hurricane Katrina", "description": "The Aqua satellite orbits the Earth every 99 minutes in a polar, sun-synchronous orbit. The MODIS instrument on Aqua observes reflected light from the Earth in 36 spectral frequencies. These observations can be processed to show many properties of the Earth's surface, from temperature and phytoplankton measurements near the surface of the ocean to fire occurrences and land cover characteristics on the land surface.This animation shows MODIS sea surface temperature data from about 4 days of individual Aqua orbits. Sea surface temperature can only be measured by MODIS in ocean regions that are free of both clouds and sun glint, the bright band of specular reflection in the center of each granule. || ", "release_date": "2006-04-12T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-02-02T22:00:22.376516-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 511129, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003300/a003325/modis_sst_swath.0123.png", "filename": "modis_sst_swath.0123.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Four days of Aqua MODIS sea surface temperature swaths during the period of Hurricane Katrina, from August 27, 2005 through August 30, 2005.", "width": 1024, "height": 512, "pixels": 524288 } } }, { "id": 402599, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3324, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3324/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Aqua MODIS Sea Surface Temperature Progression during Hurricane Katrina", "description": "The Aqua satellite orbits the Earth every 99 minutes in a polar, sun-synchronous orbit. The MODIS instrument on Aqua observes reflected light from the Earth in 36 spectral frequencies. These observations can be processed to show many properties of the Earth's surface, from temperature and phytoplankton measurements near the surface of the ocean to fire occurrences and land cover characteristics on the land surface.This animation shows MODIS sea surface temperature data from about 4 days of individual Aqua orbits. Sea surface temperature can only be measured by MODIS in ocean regions that are free of both clouds and sun glint, the bright band of specular reflection in the center of each granule. For this animation the data is accumulated and so builds up a complete picture of the surface of the Earth except around the South Pole, which is in darkness during the entire 4-day period. || ", "release_date": "2006-04-12T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-12-15T22:00:11.638196-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 511120, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003300/a003324/modis_sst_progress.0478.png", "filename": "modis_sst_progress.0478.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Four days of accumulating Aqua MODIS sea surface temperature swaths during the period of Hurricane Katrina, from August 27, 2005 through August 30, 2005.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 1024, "height": 512, "pixels": 524288 } } }, { "id": 402600, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3323, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3323/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Aqua MODIS Sea Surface Temperature Granules during Hurricane Katrina", "description": "The Aqua satellite orbits the Earth every 99 minutes in a polar, sun-synchronous orbit. The MODIS instrument on Aqua observes reflected light from the Earth in 36 spectral frequencies. These observations can be processed to show many properties of the Earth's surface, from temperature and phytoplankton measurements near the surface of the ocean to fire occurrences and land cover characteristics on the land surface.The MODIS observations start out divided into 5-minute sections called granules, and this animation shows MODIS sea surface temperature data from about 4 days of individual Aqua granules. Sea surface temperature can only be measured by MODIS in ocean regions that are free of both clouds and sun glint, the bright band of specular reflection in the center of each granule. || ", "release_date": "2006-04-12T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:54.673327-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 511111, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003300/a003323/modis_sst_granule.0113.png", "filename": "modis_sst_granule.0113.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Four days of Aqua MODIS sea surface temperature granules during the period of Hurricane Katrina, from August 27, 2005 through August 30, 2005.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 1024, "height": 512, "pixels": 524288 } } }, { "id": 402601, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3322, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3322/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "MODIS True Color Swaths during Hurricane Katrina", "description": "The Aqua satellite orbits the Earth every 99 minutes in a polar, sun-synchronous orbit. The MODIS instrument on Aqua observes reflected light from the Earth in 36 spectral frequencies. These observations can be processed to show many properties of the Earth's surface, from temperature and phytoplankton measurements near the surface of the ocean to fire occurrences and land cover characteristics on the land surface.This animation shows about 4 days of MODIS data from individual Aqua orbits processed to look like true-color photographs of the planet's surface. || ", "release_date": "2006-04-17T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-02-02T22:00:21.708679-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 511077, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003300/a003322/modis_true_swath.00145.png", "filename": "modis_true_swath.00145.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Four days of Aqua MODIS true-color swaths during the period of Hurricane Katrina, from August 27, 2005 through August 30, 2005.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 1024, "height": 512, "pixels": 524288 } } }, { "id": 402602, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3321, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3321/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Aqua MODIS True Color Progression during Hurricane Katrina", "description": "The Aqua satellite orbits the Earth every 99 minutes in a polar, sun-synchronous orbit. The MODIS instrument on Aqua observes reflected light from the Earth in 36 spectral frequencies. These observations can be processed to show many properties of the Earth's surface, from temperature and phytoplankton measurements near the surface of the ocean to fire occurrences and land cover characteristics on the land surface.This animation shows about 4 days of MODIS data from individual Aqua orbits processed to look like true-color photographs of the planet's surface. For this animation the data is accumulated and so builds up a complete picture of the surface of the Earth except around the South Pole, which is in darkness during this entire 4-day period. || ", "release_date": "2006-04-17T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-12-15T22:00:11.015516-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 511068, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003300/a003321/modis_true_progress_pre_searchweb.png", "filename": "modis_true_progress_pre_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Four days of accumulating Aqua MODIS true-color swaths during the period of Hurricane Katrina, from August 27, 2005 through August 30, 2005.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } } }, { "id": 402603, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3320, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3320/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Aqua MODIS True Color Granules during Hurricane Katrina", "description": "The Aqua satellite orbits the Earth every 99 minutes in a polar, sun-synchronous orbit. The MODIS instrument on Aqua observes reflected light from the Earth in 36 spectral frequencies. These observations can be processed to show many properties of the Earth's surface, from temperature and phytoplankton measurements near the surface of the ocean to fire occurrences and land cover characteristics on the land surface.The MODIS observations start out divided into 5-minute sections called granules, and this animation shows about 4 days of MODIS granules processed to look like true-color photographs of the planet's surface. || ", "release_date": "2006-04-12T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:54.593194-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 511103, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003300/a003320/modis_true_granule.00141.png", "filename": "modis_true_granule.00141.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Four days of Aqua MODIS true-color granules during the period of Hurricane Katrina, from August 27, 2005 through August 30, 2005.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 1024, "height": 512, "pixels": 524288 } } }, { "id": 402604, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3255, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3255/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Aqua MODIS Imagery of Hurricane Katrina (WMS)", "description": "Low earth-orbiting satellites, such as Aqua, usually see any place on Earth no more than once a day. This daily sequence of color images from the MODIS instrument on Aqua shows the Gulf of Mexico during the period of Hurricane Katrina, from August 23 to August 30, 2005. The gaps in the MODIS imagery occur between successive orbits, about 90 minutes apart, and are filled in in this animation using high-resolution visible imagery from GOES-12. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-02-02T22:00:21.100123-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 512952, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003255/aqua_pre.png", "filename": "aqua_pre.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Imagery of Hurricane Katrina from August 23, 2005 to August 30, 2005 from the MODIS Instrument on the Aqua satellite. Gaps in the MODIS imagery have been filled in with visible imagery from GOES-12.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 320, "pixels": 102400 } } }, { "id": 402605, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3254, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3254/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "GOES-12 Imagery of Hurricane Katrina: Visible Close-up (WMS)", "description": "The GOES-12 satellite sits at 75 degrees west longitude at an altitude of 36,000 kilometers over the equator, in geosynchronous orbit. At this position its Imager instrument takes pictures of cloud patterns in several wavelengths for all of North and South America, a primary measurement used in weather forecasting. The Imager takes a pattern of pictures of parts of the Earth in several wavelengths all day, measurements that are vital in weather forecasting. This animation shows a daily sequence of GOES-12 images in the visible wavelengths, from 0.52 to 0.72 microns, during the period that Hurricane Katrina passed through the Gulf of Mexico. At one kilometer resolution, the visible band measurement is the highest resolution data from the Imager, which accounts for the very high level of detail in these images. For this animation, the cloud data was extracted from GOES image and laid over a background color image of the southeast United States. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-06-24T15:37:31.573325-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 512944, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003254/goescomp_pre.png", "filename": "goescomp_pre.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Imagery of Hurricane Katrina from August 23, 2005 to August 30, 2005 from the Imager instrument on GOES-12.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 320, "pixels": 102400 } } }, { "id": 402606, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3253, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3253/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Katrina Hot Towers", "description": "NASA's TRMM spacecraft allows us to look under Hurricane Katrina's clouds to see the rain structure on August 28, 2005 at 0324Z. Spikes in the rain structure known as 'hot towers' indicate storm intensity. 'Hot Towers' refers to tall cumulonimbus clouds and has been seen as one of the mechanisms by which the intensity of a tropical cyclone is maintained. Because of the size (1-20 km) and short duration (30 minute to 2 hours) of these hot towers, studies of these events have been limited to descriptive studies from aircraft observations, although a few have attempted to use the presence of hot towers in a predictive capacity. Before TRMM, no data set existed that could show globally and definitively the presence of these hot towers in cyclone systems. Aircraft radar studies of individual storms lack global coverage. Global microwave or Infrared sensor observations do not provide the needed spatial resolution. With a ground resolution of 5 km, the TRMM Precipitation Radar provided the needed data set for examining the predictive value of hot towers in cyclone intensification. || ", "release_date": "2005-09-15T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-10-09T00:00:31.680013-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513268, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003253/katowers_print.0150_web.jpg", "filename": "katowers_print.0150_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Energy-releasing deep convective clouds (to 16 km) in the eyewall of Hurricane Katrina on August 28 occurred while the storm was intensifying to a category 5 classification. ", "width": 320, "height": 240, "pixels": 76800 } } }, { "id": 402607, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3251, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3251/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Katrina GOES Clouds", "description": "This animation shows Hurricane Katrina as seen by NOAA/GOES-12 infrared band from from August 23 through 30, 2005. || ", "release_date": "2005-09-21T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:06.164542-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513226, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003251/katrina_goesSTILL20050829_0015GMT_web.jpg", "filename": "katrina_goesSTILL20050829_0015GMT_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Hurricane Katrina IR clouds from GOES on 29 Aug 2005 at 00:15 GMT", "width": 320, "height": 240, "pixels": 76800 } } }, { "id": 402608, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3250, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3250/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "TRMM Microwave Measurements during Hurricane Katrina: Horizontal Polarization", "description": "The TMI instrument on the TRMM satellite measures microwaves emitted from the Earth's land and water. By comparing emission from different microwave frequencies, the characteristics of ice and water in the atmosphere can be determined. For example, 85 GHz microwaves are scattered by ice crystals in tropical cyclones, making cyclone rain bands appear 'colder' than the surrounding areas. By comparing 85 GHz temperatures in different polarizations with other frequency band measurements, accurate measurements of rainfall in the atmosphere can be made. This animation shows eight days of global TMI 85 GHz measurements in the Gulf of Mexico during Hurricane Katrina. The hurricane Katrina rainbands clearly show up in these images. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-02-02T22:00:20.643342-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 512935, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003250/trmm_85H_katrina_pre.png", "filename": "trmm_85H_katrina_pre.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Horizontally polarized 85GHz microwave brightness temperatures measured by the TMI instrument on TRMM from August 22, 2005 through August 30, 2005, during Hurricane Katrina.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 320, "pixels": 102400 } } }, { "id": 402609, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3249, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3249/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "TRMM Microwave Measurements during Hurricane Katrina: Vertical Polarization", "description": "The TMI instrument on the TRMM satellite measures microwaves emitted from the Earth's land and water. By comparing emission from different microwave frequencies, the characteristics of ice and water in the atmosphere can be determined. For example, 85 GHz microwaves are scattered by ice crystals in tropical cyclones, making cyclone rain bands appear 'colder' than the surrounding areas. By comparing 85 GHz temperatures in different polarizations with other frequency band measurements, accurate measurements of rainfall in the atmosphere can be made. This animation shows eight days of global TMI 85 GHz measurements in the Gulf of Mexico during Hurricane Katrina. The hurricane Katrina rainbands clearly show up in these images. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-02-02T22:00:20.221198-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 512928, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003249/trmm_85V_katrina_pre.png", "filename": "trmm_85V_katrina_pre.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Vertically polarized 85GHz microwave brightness temperatures measured by the TMI instrument on TRMM from August 22, 2005 through August 30, 2005, during Hurricane Katrina.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 320, "pixels": 102400 } } }, { "id": 402610, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3248, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3248/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "TRMM Microwave Brightness Temperature Progression During Hurricane Katrina: Horizontal Polarization", "description": "The TMI instrument on the TRMM satellite measures microwaves emitted from the Earth's land and water. By comparing emission from different microwave frequencies, the characteristics of ice and water in the atmosphere can be determined. For example, 85 GHz microwaves are scattered by ice crystals in tropical cyclones, making cyclone rain bands appear 'colder' than the surrounding areas. By comparing 85 GHz temperatures in different polarizations with other frequency band measurements, accurate measurements of rainfall in the atmosphere can be made. This animation builds up four days of global TMI 85 GHz measurements. Hurricane Katrina was in the Gulf of Mexico at the time and clearly shows up in the measurements. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-19T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-12-15T22:00:10.359688-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 512454, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003248/trmm_85H_progress_pre_searchweb.png", "filename": "trmm_85H_progress_pre_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Global horizontally polarized 85GHz microwave brightness temperatures measured by the TMI instrument on TRMM from August 26, 2005 to August 30, 2005, during Hurricane Katrina.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } } }, { "id": 402611, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3247, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3247/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "TRMM Microwave Brightness Temperature Progression during Hurricane Katrina: Vertical Polarization", "description": "The TMI instrument on the TRMM satellite measures microwaves emitted from the Earth's land and water. By comparing emission from different microwave frequencies, the characteristics of ice and water in the atmosphere can be determined. For example, 85 GHz microwaves are scattered by ice crystals in tropical cyclones, making cyclone rain bands appear 'colder' than the surrounding areas. By comparing 85 GHz temperatures in different polarizations with other frequency band measurements, accurate measurements of rainfall in the atmosphere can be made. This animation builds up four days of global TMI 85 GHz measurements. Hurricane Katrina was in the Gulf of Mexico at the time and clearly shows up in the measurements. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:04.774029-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 512923, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003247/trmm_85V_progress_pre_searchweb.png", "filename": "trmm_85V_progress_pre_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Global vertically polarized 85GHz microwave brightness temperatures measured by the TMI instrument on TRMM from August 26, 2005 to August 30, 2005, during Hurricane Katrina.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } } }, { "id": 402612, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3243, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3243/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "TRMM Microwave Brightness Temperature Swath during Hurricane Katrina: Horizontal Polarization", "description": "The TMI instrument on the TRMM satellite measures microwaves emitted from the Earth's land and water. By comparing emission from different microwave frequencies, the characteristics of ice and water in the atmosphere can be determined. For example, 85 GHz microwaves are scattered by ice crystals in tropical cyclones, making cyclone rain bands appear 'colder' than the surrounding areas. By comparing 85 GHz temperatures in different polarizations with other frequency band measurements, accurate measurements of rainfall in the atmosphere can be made. This animation shows four days of TMI 85 GHz measurements, one orbit at a time. Hurricane Katrina was in the Gulf of Mexico at the time and clearly shows up in the measurements. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-02-02T22:00:19.622871-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 512915, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003243/trmm_85H_swath_pre_searchweb.png", "filename": "trmm_85H_swath_pre_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Global horizontally polarized 85GHz microwave brightness temperatures measured by the TMI instrument on TRMM from August 26, 2005 to August 30, 2005, during Hurricane Katrina.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } } }, { "id": 402613, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3242, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3242/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "TRMM Microwave Brightness Temperature Swath during Hurricane Katrina: Vertical Polarization", "description": "The TMI instrument on the TRMM satellite measures microwaves emitted from the Earth's land and water. By comparing emission from different microwave frequencies, the characteristics of ice and water in the atmosphere can be determined. For example, 85 GHz microwaves are scattered by ice crystals in tropical cyclones, making cyclone rain bands appear 'colder' than the surrounding areas. By comparing 85 GHz temperatures in different polarizations with other frequency band measurements, accurate measurements of rainfall in the atmosphere can be made. This animation shows four days of TMI 85 GHz measurements, one orbit at a time. Hurricane Katrina was in the Gulf of Mexico at the time and clearly shows up in the measurements. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:04.587604-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 512906, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003242/trmm_85V_swath_pre_searchweb.png", "filename": "trmm_85V_swath_pre_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Global vertically polarized 85GHz microwave brightness temperatures measured by the TMI instrument on TRMM from August 26, 2005 to August 30, 2005, during Hurricane Katrina.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } } }, { "id": 402614, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3240, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3240/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Katrina Sea Surface Temperature (WMS)", "description": "This visualization shows the cold water trail left by Hurricane Katrina. The data is from August 23 through 30, 2005. The colors on the ocean represent the sea surface temperatures, and satellite images of the hurricane clouds are laid over the temperatures to clearly show the hurricane positions. Orange and red depict regions that are 82 degrees F and higher, where the ocean is warm enough for hurricanes to form. Hurricane winds are sustained by the heat energy of the ocean, so the ocean is cooled as the hurricane passes and the energy is extracted to power the winds. The sea surface temperatures are 3-day moving averages based on the AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite, while the cloud images were taken by the Imager on the GOES-12 satellite. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-06-24T15:37:29.065200-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 512894, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003240/katrina_sst_pre.png", "filename": "katrina_sst_pre.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "GOES-12 infrared imagery over AMSR-E sea surface temperature for Hurricane Katrina, from August 23, 2005 to August 30, 2005.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 320, "pixels": 102400 } } }, { "id": 402615, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3239, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3239/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Katrina Rain Accumulation (WMS)", "description": "This animation shows rain accumulation from Hurricane Katrina from August 23 through 30, 2005 based on data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis. Satellite cloud data from NOAA/GOES is overlaid for context. The accumulation is shown in colors ranging from green (less than 30 mm of rain) through red (80 mm or more). The TRMM satellite, using the world's only spaceborne rain radar and other microwave instruments, measures rainfall over the ocean. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-06-24T15:37:29.010643-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 512885, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003239/katrina_rainaccum_pre.png", "filename": "katrina_rainaccum_pre.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "GOES-12 infrared imagery over TRMM rainfall accumulation for Hurricane Katrina, from August 23, 2005 to August 30, 2005.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 320, "pixels": 102400 } } }, { "id": 402616, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3238, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3238/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Progression of Hurricane Katrina, 2005 (WMS)", "description": "Low earth-orbiting satellites, such as Aqua and Terra, usually see any place on Earth no more than once a day. This sequence of color images from the MODIS instruments on Aqua and Terra shows the progression of Hurricane Katrina, from August 24 to August 31, 2005, whenever one of the two instruments captured the hurricane. || ", "release_date": "2005-12-15T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:58.382669-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 511747, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003238/katrina-composite_web.jpg", "filename": "katrina-composite_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Images of Hurricane Katrina aquired by the MODIS instruments on Terra and Aqua from August 24 to August 31, 2005. To get the individual images, follow the 'Sequence' link below. To get the geographical registration information, follow the 'DEPC metadata' link near the bottom of the page.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 320, "pixels": 102400 } } }, { "id": 402617, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3237, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3237/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "GOES-12 Imagery of Hurricane Katrina: Longwave Infrared Progression (WMS)", "description": "The GOES-12 satellite sits at 75 degrees west longitude at an altitude of 36,000 kilometers over the equator, in geosynchronous orbit. At this position its Imager instrument takes pictures of cloud patterns in several wavelengths for all of North and South America, a primary measurement used in weather forecasting. The Imager takes a pattern of pictures of parts of the Earth in several wavelengths all day, measurements that are vital in weather forecasting. This animation shows a four-day sequence of GOES-12 images in the longwave infrared wavelengths, from 10.2 to 11.2 microns, during the period that Hurricane Katrina passed through the Gulf of Mexico. This wavelength band is the most common one for observing cloud motions and severe storms throughout the day and night. Note that most of the images are taken over the United States (about every 5 minutes) with full disk images every 3 hours and several specific images over South America every day. In this animation, new images are placed over old images rather than replacing them, so different parts of the image update at different times as measurements are taken. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-12-15T22:00:09.290120-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 512877, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003237/progress_G12I04_pre.png", "filename": "progress_G12I04_pre.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "All GOES-12 longwave infrared imagery from August 26, 2005 through August 30, 2005, during Hurricane Katrina. The illusion of continuous data is given by laying newer imagery over older imagery.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 320, "pixels": 102400 } } }, { "id": 402618, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3236, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3236/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "GOES-12 Imagery of Hurricane Katrina: Longwave Infrared Overview (WMS)", "description": "The GOES-12 satellite sits at 75 degrees west longitude at an altitude of 36,000 kilometers over the equator, in geosynchronous orbit. At this position its Imager instrument takes pictures of cloud patterns in several wavelengths for all of North and South America, a primary measurement used in weather forecasting. The Imager takes a pattern of pictures of parts of the Earth in several wavelengths all day, measurements that are vital in weather forecasting. This animation shows a four-day sequence of GOES-12 images in the longwave infrared wavelengths, from 10.2 to 11.2 microns, during the period that Hurricane Katrina passed through the Gulf of Mexico. This wavelength band is the most common one for observing cloud motions and severe storms throughout the day and night. Note that most of the images are taken over the United States (about every 5 minutes) with full disk images every 3 hours and several specific images over South America every day. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-02-02T22:00:18.448246-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 512871, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003236/overview_G12I04_pre.png", "filename": "overview_G12I04_pre.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "All GOES-12 longwave infrared imagery from August 26, 2005 through August 30, 2005, during Hurricane Katrina.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 320, "pixels": 102400 } } }, { "id": 402619, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3235, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3235/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "GOES-10 Imagery of Hurricane Katrina: Full Disk Longwave Infrared (WMS)", "description": "The GOES-10 satellite sits at 135 degrees west longitude at an altitude of 36,000 kilometers over the equator, in geosynchronous orbit. At this position its Imager instrument takes pictures of cloud patterns in several wavelengths for the Pacific Ocean, a primary measurement used in weather forecasting. Every three hours the Imager takes a picture of the full disk of the Earth. This animation shows a sequence of these full disk images in the longwave infrared wavelengths, from 10.2 to 11.2 microns, during the period that Hurricane Katrina passed through the Gulf of Mexico. This wavelength band is the most common one for observing cloud motions and severe storms throughout the day and night. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:04.135827-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 512863, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003235/katrina_G10fd04_pre.png", "filename": "katrina_G10fd04_pre.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "GOES-10 full-disk longwave infrared imagery of Hurricane Katrina from August 23, 2005 to August 31, 2005.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 320, "pixels": 102400 } } }, { "id": 402620, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3234, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3234/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "GOES-12 Imagery of Hurricane Katrina: Full Disk Lower Level Temperature (WMS)", "description": "The GOES-12 satellite sits at 75 degrees west longitude at an altitude of 36,000 kilometers over the equator, in geosynchronous orbit. At this position its Imager instrument takes pictures of cloud patterns in several wavelengths for all of North and South America, a primary measurement used in weather forecasting. Every three hours the Imager takes a picture of the full disk of the Earth. This animation shows a sequence of these full disk images in the wavelength band from 12.9 to 13.8 microns, during the period that Hurricane Katrina passed through the Gulf of Mexico. This wavelength band is useful for determining cloud characteristics such as cloud top pressure. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:04.027773-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 512855, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003234/katrina_fd06_pre.png", "filename": "katrina_fd06_pre.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "GOES-12 full-disk lower level temperature imagery of Hurricane Katrina from August 23, 2005 to August 31, 2005.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 320, "pixels": 102400 } } }, { "id": 402621, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3233, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3233/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "GOES-12 Imagery of Hurricane Katrina: Full Disk Longwave Infrared (WMS)", "description": "The GOES-12 satellite sits at 75 degrees west longitude at an altitude of 36,000 kilometers over the equator, in geosynchronous orbit. At this position its Imager instrument takes pictures of cloud patterns in several wavelengths for all of North and South America, a primary measurement used in weather forecasting. Every three hours the Imager takes a picture of the full disk of the Earth. This animation shows a sequence of these full disk images in the longwave infrared wavelengths, from 10.2 to 11.2 microns, during the period that Hurricane Katrina passed through the Gulf of Mexico. This wavelength band is the most common one for observing cloud motions and severe storms throughout the day and night. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-02-02T22:00:17.691021-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 512847, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003233/katrina_fd04_pre.png", "filename": "katrina_fd04_pre.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "GOES-12 full-disk longwave infrared imagery of Hurricane Katrina from August 23, 2005 to August 31, 2005.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 320, "pixels": 102400 } } }, { "id": 402622, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3232, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3232/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "GOES-12 Imagery of Hurricane Katrina: Full Disk Water Vapor (WMS)", "description": "The GOES-12 satellite sits at 75 degrees west longitude at an altitude of 36,000 kilometers over the equator, in geosynchronous orbit. At this position its Imager instrument takes pictures of cloud patterns in several wavelengths for all of North and South America, a primary measurement used in weather forecasting. Every three hours the Imager takes a picture of the full disk of the Earth. This animation shows a sequence of these full disk images in the 6.47 to 7.02 micron wavelength band, during the period that Hurricane Katrina passed through the Gulf of Mexico. This wavelength band is useful for estimating mid-level water vapor content and for observing atmospheric motion in that level. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:03.854786-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 512839, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003232/katrina_fd03_pre.png", "filename": "katrina_fd03_pre.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "GOES-12 full-disk upper level water vapor imagery of Hurricane Katrina from August 23, 2005 to August 31, 2005. This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 320, "pixels": 102400 } } }, { "id": 402623, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3231, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3231/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "GOES-12 Imagery of Hurricane Katrina: Full Disk Shortwave Infrared (WMS)", "description": "The GOES-12 satellite sits at 75 degrees west longitude at an altitude of 36,000 kilometers over the equator, in geosynchronous orbit. At this position its Imager instrument takes pictures of cloud patterns in several wavelengths for all of North and South America, a primary measurement used in weather forecasting. Every three hours the Imager takes a picture of the full disk of the Earth. This animation shows a sequence of these full disk images in the shortwave infrared wavelengths, 3.78 to 4.03 microns, during the period that Hurricane Katrina passed through the Gulf of Mexico. This wavelength band shows the day-night cycle, and is useful for identifying fog at night and discriminating between water clouds and snow or ice clouds during the daytime. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-10-11T14:24:32.634777-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 512831, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003231/katrina_fd02_pre.png", "filename": "katrina_fd02_pre.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "GOES-12 full-disk shortwave infrared imagery of Hurricane Katrina from August 23, 2005 to August 31, 2005.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 320, "pixels": 102400 } } }, { "id": 402624, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3230, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3230/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "GOES-12 Imagery of Hurricane Katrina: Full Disk Visible (WMS)", "description": "The GOES-12 satellite sits at 75 degrees west longitude at an altitude of 36,000 kilometers over the equator, in geosynchronous orbit. At this position its Imager instrument takes pictures of cloud patterns in several wavelengths for all of North and South America, a primary measurement used in weather forecasting. Every three hours the Imager takes a picture of the full disk of the Earth. This animation shows a sequence of these full disk images in the visible wavelengths, 0.52 to 0.72 microns, during the period that Hurricane Katrina passed through the Gulf of Mexico. This wavelength band clearly shows the day-night cycle since the Earth is dark at night in the visible wavelengths. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-06-24T15:37:16.616986-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 512822, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003230/katrina_fd01_pre.png", "filename": "katrina_fd01_pre.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "GOES-12 full-disk visible imagery of Hurricane Katrina from August 23, 2005 to August 31, 2005. This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 320, "pixels": 102400 } } }, { "id": 402625, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3224, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3224/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Katrina Progression", "description": "Hurricane Katrina progression is observed by the Aqua and Terra satellites. Katrina hit land on August 29, 2005, near the Louisiana-Mississippi border. Katrina's center was located near the mouth of the Pearl River about 40-45 miles west-southwest of Biloxi, Mississippi and about 30-35 miles east-northeast of New Orleans, Louisiana. Katrina is the eleventh named storm of the 2005 Atlantic Hurricane season. || ", "release_date": "2005-09-01T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:07.826420-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513509, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003224/a003224_640x480_web.jpg", "filename": "a003224_640x480_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Hurricane Katrina slams into Louisiana and Mississippi.", "width": 320, "height": 240, "pixels": 76800 } } }, { "id": 402626, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3222, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3222/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Katrina Sea Surface Temperature", "description": "This visualization shows the cold water trail left by Hurricane Katrina. The data is from August 23 through 30, 2005. The colors on the ocean represent the sea surface temperatures, and satellite images of the hurricane clouds are laid over the temperatures to clearly show the hurricane positions. Orange and red depict regions that are 82 degrees F and higher, where the ocean is warm enough for hurricanes to form. Hurricane winds are sustained by the heat energy of the ocean, so the ocean is cooled as the hurricane passes and the energy is extracted to power the winds. The sea surface temperatures are 3-day moving averages based on the AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite, while the cloud images were taken by the Imager on the GOES-12 satellite. || ", "release_date": "2005-09-08T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:07.513904-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513456, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003222/katrina_sstSTILL_2005Aug29_web.jpg", "filename": "katrina_sstSTILL_2005Aug29_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Sea surface temperature showing Hurricane Katrina's cold water wake in blues (08-29-2005)", "width": 320, "height": 240, "pixels": 76800 } } }, { "id": 402627, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3221, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3221/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Katrina Rain Accumulation", "description": "This animation shows rain accumulation from Hurricane Katrina from August 23 through 30, 2005 based on data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis. Satellite cloud data from NOAA/GOES is overlaid for context. The accumulation is shown in colors ranging from green (less than 30 mm of rain) through red (80 mm or more). The TRMM satellite, using the world's only spaceborne rain radar and other microwave instruments, measures rainfall over the ocean. || ", "release_date": "2005-09-08T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-10-06T22:00:07.510216-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513431, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003221/katrina_rainAccumHD.4080.jpg", "filename": "katrina_rainAccumHD.4080.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Hurricane Katrina rain accumulation (yellow/red trail shows rain) ", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 402628, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3219, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3219/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Katrina from TRMM: August 29, 2005", "description": "NASA's TRMM spacecraft is used to understand Hurricane Katrina. TRMM observed this view of Hurricane Katrina just before the storm made landfall on August 29, 2005. Katrina remains an extremely large and dangerous hurricane. Hurricane force winds extend outward up to 105 miles from the storm's center. Coastal storm surge flooding of 18 to 22 feet above normal tide levels are expected. The cloud cover is taken by TRMM's Visible and Infrared Scanner(VIRS) and the GOES spacecraft. The rain structure is taken by TRMM's Tropical Microwave Imager (TMI). It looks underneath of the storm's clouds to reveal the underlying rain structure. Blue represents areas with at least 0.25 inches of rain per hour. Green shows at least 0.5 inches of rain per hour. Yellow is at least 1.0 inches of rain and red is at least 2.0 inches of rain per hour. || ", "release_date": "2005-09-14T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:06.550858-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513294, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003219/printKatrina_08292005.0084_web.jpg", "filename": "printKatrina_08292005.0084_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Hurricane Katrina strikes the southeastern Louisiana and the northern gulf coast as a category 4 hurricane. Look under the clouds to see the rainfall that powers the storm. ", "width": 320, "height": 240, "pixels": 76800 } } }, { "id": 402629, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3218, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3218/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Katrina from TRMM: August 28, 2005", "description": "NASA's TRMM spacecraft observed this view of Hurricane Katrina on August 28, 2005. At the time the data was taken, the hurricane was a Category 5 hurricane, the most destructive and deadly. The cloud cover is taken by TRMM's Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) and the GOES spacecraft. The rain structure is taken by TRMM's Tropical Microwave Imager (TMI). It looks underneath of the storm's clouds to reveal the underlying rain structure. || ", "release_date": "2005-09-01T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:07.716297-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513506, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003218/Katrina_08282005.0118.jpg", "filename": "Katrina_08282005.0118.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Hurricane Katrina on August 28, 2005. Blue represents areas with at least 0.25 inches of rain per hour. Green shows at least 0.5 inches of rain per hour. Yellow is at least 1.0 inches of rain and red is at least 2.0 inches of rain per hour.", "width": 2560, "height": 1920, "pixels": 4915200 } } }, { "id": 402630, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3216, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3216/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "GOES-12 Imagery of Hurricane Katrina: Longwave Infrared Close-up (WMS)", "description": "The GOES-12 satellite sits at 75 degrees west longitude at an altitude of 36,000 kilometers over the equator, in geosynchronous orbit. At this position its Imager instrument takes pictures of cloud patterns in several wavelengths for all of North and South America, a primary measurement used in weather forecasting. The Imager takes a pattern of pictures of parts of the Earth in several wavelengths all day, measurements that are vital in weather forecasting. This animation shows a four-day sequence of GOES-12 images in the longwave infrared wavelengths, from 10.2 to 11.2 microns, during the period that Hurricane Katrina passed through the Gulf of Mexico. This wavelength band is the most common one for observing cloud motions and severe storms throughout the day and night. Since GOES-12 takes images most often over the United States (every 5 to 10 minutes), the motion of the clouds in this close-up of the southeast US is very smooth. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-02-02T22:00:17.215746-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 512814, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003216/G12I04_pre.png", "filename": "G12I04_pre.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "GOES-12 longwave infrared imagery of Hurricane Katrina from August 26, 2005 through August 30, 2005.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 320, "pixels": 102400 } } }, { "id": 402631, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3214, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3214/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Katrina from TRMM: August 25, 2005", "description": "NASA's TRMM spacecraft is used to understand Hurricane Katrina. TRMM observed this view of Hurricane Katrina just before the storm made landfall on August 25, 2005. The cloud cover is taken by TRMM's Visible and Infrared Scanner(VIRS) and the GOES spacecraft. The rain structure is taken by TRMM's Tropical Microwave Imager (TMI). It looks underneath of the storm's clouds to reveal the underlying rain structure. Blue represents areas with at least 0.25 inches of rain per hour. Green shows at least 0.5 inches of rain per hour. Yellow is at least 1.0 inches of rain and red is at least 2.0 inches of rain per hour. || ", "release_date": "2005-08-30T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:08.087198-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513569, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003214/katrina_08252005_web.jpg", "filename": "katrina_08252005_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Hurricane Katrina moves slowly toward Florida and dumps 6 to 10 inches of accumulated rainfall over the region. In this animation, the amount of rainfall can be seen through color. blue is 0.25 inches per hour. Green is 0.5 inches per hour. Yellow is 1 inch per hour and red is 2 or more inches per hour.", "width": 320, "height": 213, "pixels": 68160 } } }, { "id": 402632, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3349, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3349/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "TRMM Satellite and TMI Swath", "description": "The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite was launched on November 27, 1997, as a joint mission of NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, JAXA. TRMM has five Earth-observing instruments on board and circles the Earth every 92 minutes in an equatorial orbit between 35 degrees north and south latitude so that those instruments can measure precipitation in the tropics. One of the instruments, TMI, observes five frequencies of microwave emissions in a 780-kilometer wide swath along the orbit in order to measure the amount of rain and ice in the atmosphere. This animation shows the TRMM satellite orbiting for one day, August 27, 2005, showing a set of TRMM measurements at a frequency of 85.5 GHz. In this frequency band, atmospheric ice crystals scatter microwaves and so areas with ice crystals appear colder than areas with no ice. Both Hurricane Katrina, just to the west of Florida in the Gulf of Mexico, and Typhoon Talim, in the westerm Pacific between Japan and New Guinea, show up as bright swirling patterns. This measurement is just one of the TMI measurements that go into calculating the total instantaneous rainfall in the tropics. || ", "release_date": "2006-04-04T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:55.144933-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 511166, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003300/a003349/newtrmm.small.01125.png", "filename": "newtrmm.small.01125.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation shows the TRMM satellite orbiting the Earth on August 27, 2005 by revealing TMI 85.5 GHz microwave measurements for that day. This animation is on a cartesian map projection, so the satellite will look accurate only when the animation is wrapped to a sphere.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 1024, "height": 512, "pixels": 524288 } } }, { "id": 402633, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3348, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3348/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Aqua Satellite and MODIS Swath", "description": "NASA's Aqua satellite was launched on May 4, 2002 with six Earth-observing instruments on board. Aqua circles the Earth every 99 minutes and is in a polar orbit, passing within ten degrees of each pole on every orbit. The orbit is sun-synchronous, meaning that the satellite always passes over a particular part of the Earth at about the same local time each day. Aqua always crosses the equator from south to north at about 1:30 PM local time. One of the instruments on Aqua, MODIS, measures 36 spectral frequencies of light reflected off the Earth in a 2300-kilometer wide swath along this orbit, so that MODIS measures almost the entire surface of the Earth every day.The first animation shows the Aqua satellite orbiting for one day, August 27, 2005, showing a set of MODIS measurements taken that day that have been processed to look like a a true-color image of the Earth. Notice that MODIS only takes data during the dayside part of the orbit because it measures reflected light from the Sun, and that there is a bright band of reflected sunlight in the center of swaths over the ocean. Also visible in this animation are Hurricane Katrina, just to the west of Florida in the Gulf of Mexico, and Typhoon Talim, in the western Pacific between Japan and New Guinea.The second animation spans five days of Aqua orbits, from August 27, 2005 through August 31, 2005. For this animation, the orbits and data are shown over an Earth image that shows the day and night parts of the Earth at each time of the animation. The daylight part of the Earth is a cloud-free MODIS composite, while the nighttime regions show the 'city lights', the Earth's stable light sources. During the first day, August 27, the Aqua satellite is shown with a red line indicating the orbit of the satellite. Since the Earth's surface is stationary in this animation, the satellite orbit moves westward with the sun. During the second day, August 28, the most recent observation swath is shown in addition to the satellite orbit line. In this way , the drift of th orbit relative to the observations is illustrated. Starting with the third day, August 29, the orbit line disappears and the observation swaths accumulate. The observations cover the Earth during the third day except for small gaps at the equator, which are filled in during the fourth day, August 30. The animation continues to show the MODIS observations through August 31, the fifth day.The third animation shows the same composition as the second one, but the point of view has changed to that of the Sun. In this animation, the Earth rotates and the orbit is stationary. At this date, the North Pole of the Earth is tilted towards the Sun and in daylight, while the South Pole is tilted away and is in darkness. || ", "release_date": "2009-09-20T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-01-05T00:00:30.484010-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 502202, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003300/a003348/newaqua.small.01410.png", "filename": "newaqua.small.01410.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation shows the Aqua satellite orbiting the Earth on August 27, 2005 by revealing MODIS true-color imagery for that day. This animation is on a cartesian map projection, so the satellite will look accurate only when the animation is wrapped on a sphere.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 1024, "height": 512, "pixels": 524288 } } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 370449, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/2005hurricane-season/#media_group_370449", "widget": "Card gallery", "title": "Wilma", "caption": "", "description": "", "items": [ { "id": 402634, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3284, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3284/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "NASA's TRMM Satellite Captures Hurricane Wilma Data on October 20, 2005", "description": "NASA's TRMM spacecraft observed this view of Hurricane Wilma on October 20, 2005 at 0152Z. At this time the storm was classified as the most dangerous category five. Wilma had record low minimum pressure readings of 892 mb and sustained winds of 140 knots. The cloud cover is taken by TRMM's Visible and Infrared Scanner(VIRS) and the GOES spacecraft. The rain structure is taken by TRMM's Tropical Microwave Imager (TMI) and TRMM's Precitation Radar(PR) instruments. TRMM looks underneath of the storm's clouds to reveal the underlying rain structure. Blue represents areas with at least 0.25 inches of rain per hour. Green shows at least 0.5 inches of rain per hour. Yellow is at least 1.0 inches of rain and red is at least 2.0 inches of rain per hour. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-19T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:01.961664-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 512406, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003284/wilma1020.0075_web.png", "filename": "wilma1020.0075_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Hurricane Wilma attacks the Cayman islands and threatens the Yucatan Pennisula. Look under the cloud layer to see the rain that powers the storm.", "width": 320, "height": 216, "pixels": 69120 } } }, { "id": 402635, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3288, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3288/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Wilma on October 20, 2005", "description": "NASA's TRMM spacecraft observed this view of Hurricane Wilma on October 20, 2005 at 1645Z. At this time the storm was classified as a dangerous category four with sustained winds of 125 knots (138 mph). The cloud cover is taken by TRMM's Visible and Infrared Scanner(VIRS) and the GOES spacecraft. The rain structure is taken by TRMM's Tropical Microwave Imager (TMI) and TRMM's Precitation Radar(PR) instruments. TRMM looks underneath of the storm's clouds to reveal the underlying rain structure. Blue represents areas with at least 0.25 inches of rain per hour. Green shows at least 0.5 inches of rain per hour. Yellow is at least 1.0 inches of rain and red is at least 2.0 inches of rain per hour. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-19T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:02.039670-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 512432, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003288/wilma_1020_1645z.0085.jpg", "filename": "wilma_1020_1645z.0085.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Hurricane Wilma: October 20, 2005 at 1645Z", "width": 720, "height": 486, "pixels": 349920 } } }, { "id": 402636, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3289, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3289/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "TRMM captures Hot Towers Igniting Hurricane Wilma's Heat Engine", "description": "On October 17, 2005 at 0302 Zulu (11:02 EDT on October 16, 2005), Wilma was classified as a Tropical Storm with sustained wind speeds of only 30 knots (34 mph) and pressure reading of 1001 mb. Forty-Eight hours later the storm had increased its intensity to category five status with sustained winds of 150 knots (172 mph). The tall towers (in red) near the center of the circulation often indicate further strengthening. Because of the size (1-20 km) and short duration (30 minute to 2 hours) of these hot towers, studies of these events have been limited to descriptive studies from aircraft observations, although a few have attempted to use the presence of hot towers in a predictive capacity. Before TRMM, no data set existed that could show globally and definitively the presence of these hot towers in cyclone systems. Aircraft radar studies of individual storms lack global coverage. Global microwave or infrared sensor observations do not provide the needed spatial resolution. With a ground resolution of 5 km, the TRMM Precipitation Radar provided the needed data set for examining the predictive value of hot towers in cyclone intensification. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-19T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:02.124399-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 512443, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003289/wilma_hot_towers_print.0300.jpg", "filename": "wilma_hot_towers_print.0300.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "TRMM captured 2 very deep Hot Towers in the eyewall of Tropical Storm Wilma. These towers measured 15-16 km high.", "width": 2560, "height": 1920, "pixels": 4915200 } } }, { "id": 402637, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3302, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3302/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Wilma MODIS Progression", "description": "A progression of Hurricane Wilma from 10/19/05 to 10/25/05 using Aqua/MODIS, Terra/MODIS and NOAA/GOES data. Hurricane Wilma followed in the wake of Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita through the Gulf of Mexico. || ", "release_date": "2005-11-05T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:01.025266-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 512226, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003300/a003302/wilma_progression2.0240.jpg", "filename": "wilma_progression2.0240.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation follows Hurricane Wilma as it progresses through the Gulf of Mexico and hits Florida.", "width": 720, "height": 486, "pixels": 349920 } } }, { "id": 402638, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3290, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3290/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Wilma Rain Accumulation", "description": "This animation shows rain accumulation from Hurricane Wilma from October 15 through 25, 2005 based on data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis. Satellite cloud data from NOAA/GOES is overlaid for context. The accumulation is shown in colors ranging from green (less than 30 mm of rain) through red (80 mm or more). The TRMM satellite, using the world's only spaceborne rain radar and other microwave instruments, measures rainfall over the ocean. || ", "release_date": "2005-09-27T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:05.708479-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513118, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003290/wilma_rain_skip.1399.jpg", "filename": "wilma_rain_skip.1399.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Hurricane Wilma and Tropical Storm Alpha rain accumulation trails as of October 25, 2005", "width": 720, "height": 486, "pixels": 349920 } } }, { "id": 402639, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3283, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3283/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "TRMM Observes Hurricane Wilma on October 19, 2005", "description": "NASA's TRMM spacecraft observed this view of Hurricane Wilma on October 19, 2005 at 1740Z. At this time the storm was classified as the most dangerous category five. Wilma had record low minimum pressure readings of 893 mb and sustained winds of 140 knots (161 mph). The cloud cover is taken by TRMM's Visible and Infrared Scanner(VIRS) and the GOES spacecraft. The rain structure is taken by TRMM's Tropical Microwave Imager (TMI) and TRMM's Precitation Radar(PR) instruments. TRMM looks underneath of the storm's clouds to reveal the underlying rain structure. Blue represents areas with at least 0.25 inches of rain per hour. Green shows at least 0.5 inches of rain per hour. Yellow is at least 1.0 inches of rain and red is at least 2.0 inches of rain per hour. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-19T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:01.876876-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 512391, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003283/wilma19.0075.jpg", "filename": "wilma19.0075.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Peer through the clouds to see the rainfall that powers Hurricane Wilma. Blue represents areas where at least 0.25 inches of rain fell per hour.", "width": 720, "height": 486, "pixels": 349920 } } }, { "id": 402640, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3282, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3282/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Wilma — SSTs and Clouds", "description": "This visualization shows sea surface temperatures and clouds for Hurricane Wilma. The data is from October 15 through 20, 2005. The colors on the ocean represent the sea surface temperatures, and satellite images of the hurricane clouds are laid over the temperatures to clearly show the hurricane positions. Orange and red depict regions that are 82 degrees F and higher, where the ocean is warm enough for hurricanes to form. Hurricane winds are sustained by the heat energy of the ocean, so the ocean is cooled as the hurricane passes and the energy is extracted to power the winds. The sea surface temperatures are 3-day moving averages based on the AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite, while the cloud images were taken by the Imager on the GOES-12 satellite. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-21T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:01.506402-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 512336, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003282/wilma_skip.1236.jpg", "filename": "wilma_skip.1236.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Hurricane Wilma clouds and sea surface temperatures", "width": 720, "height": 486, "pixels": 349920 } } }, { "id": 402641, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3281, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3281/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Wilma's Hot Towers seen by TRMM 10/17/2005 at 1754Z", "description": "On October 17, 2005 at 1754 Zulu, Wilma was classified as a Tropical Storm with sustained wind speeds of only 45 knots. Forty hours later the storm had increased its intensity to category five status with sustained winds of 150 knots. Spikes in the rain structure known as 'Hot Towers' indicate storm intensity. 'Hot Towers' refers to tall cumulonimbus clouds and has been seen as one of the mechanisms by which the intensity of a tropical cyclone is maintained. Because of the size (1-20 km) and short duration (30 minute to 2 hours) of these hot towers, studies of these events have been limited to descriptive studies from aircraft observations, although a few have attempted to use the presence of hot towers in a predictive capacity. Before TRMM, no data set existed that could show globally and definitively the presence of these hot towers in cyclone systems. Aircraft radar studies of individual storms lack global coverage. Global microwave or infrared sensor observations do not provide the needed spatial resolution. With a ground resolution of 5 km, the TRMM Precipitation Radar provided the needed data set for examining the predictive value of hot towers in cyclone intensification. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-19T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:01.782981-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 512376, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003281/towers.0094.jpg", "filename": "towers.0094.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Deep convective 15 km clouds (in red) can be seen in the eyewall of Tropical Storm Wilma on October 17, 2005. ", "width": 720, "height": 486, "pixels": 349920 } } }, { "id": 402642, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3280, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3280/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Wilma from TRMM: October 17, 2005", "description": "NASA's TRMM spacecraft observed this view of Hurricane Wilma on October 17, 2005 at 1754Z. At this time the storm was classified as a Tropical Storm with a minimum pressure of 997 mb, and sustained winds of 45 knots. The cloud cover is taken by TRMM's Visible and Infrared Scanner(VIRS) and the GOES spacecraft. The rain structure is taken by TRMM's Tropical Microwave Imager (TMI) and TRMM's Precitation Radar(PR) instruments. TRMM looks underneath of the storm's clouds to reveal the underlying rain structure. Blue represents areas with at least 0.25 inches of rain per hour. Green shows at least 0.5 inches of rain per hour. Yellow is at least 1.0 inches of rain and red is at least 2.0 inches of rain per hour. || ", "release_date": "2005-10-19T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:01.663299-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 512358, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003280/reduced_wilma.0090_web.png", "filename": "reduced_wilma.0090_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Tropical Storm Wilma on Monday, October 17, 2005. The blue region represents where the satellite sees light rainfall.", "width": 320, "height": 216, "pixels": 69120 } } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 370450, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/2005hurricane-season/#media_group_370450", "widget": "Card gallery", "title": "Rita", "caption": "", "description": "", "items": [ { "id": 402643, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3438, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3438/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Rita Push In", "description": "This animation is a simple push in to GOES-based clouds showing Hurricane Rita make its way through the Gulf of Mexico and then inland. This animation was created in support of the 'Exploring Time' show produced by Red Hill Studios and Tom Lucas Productions. For more information go to http://exploringtime.org. || ", "release_date": "2007-07-04T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:37.875489-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 508053, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003400/a003438/rita01.5623.jpg", "filename": "rita01.5623.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Hurricane Rita crosses the Gulf of Mexico and moves inland.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 402644, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3268, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3268/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Rita Rain Accumulation", "description": "This animation shows rain accumulation from Hurricane Rita from September 18 through 25, 2005 based on data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis. Satellite cloud data from NOAA/GOES is overlaid for context. The accumulation is shown in colors ranging from green (less than 30 mm of rain) through red (80 mm or more). The TRMM satellite, using the world's only spaceborne rain radar and other microwave instruments, measures rainfall over the ocean. || ", "release_date": "2005-09-27T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:05.626459-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513102, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003268/STILLrita_rainAccum20050924_0745z_web.jpg", "filename": "STILLrita_rainAccum20050924_0745z_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Hurricane Rita rain accumularion from Sept 24, 2005 at 07:45 GMT", "width": 320, "height": 240, "pixels": 76800 } } }, { "id": 402645, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3265, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3265/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Rita MODIS Progression", "description": "A progression of Hurricane Rita from 9/19/05 to 9/24/05 using Aqua/MODIS and NOAA/GOES data. Hurricane Rita followed in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, through the Gulf of Mexico, threatening Louisiana residents yet again. Although the city of New Orleans was mostly spared from this second Gulf hurricane, large areas of rural Texas and Louisiana were flooded. || ", "release_date": "2005-09-30T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:05.298244-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513010, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003265/rita_v06.0600.jpg", "filename": "rita_v06.0600.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Animation of Hurricane Rita MODIS/GOES progression from 9/19/05 to 9/24/05.", "width": 720, "height": 486, "pixels": 349920 } } }, { "id": 402646, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3263, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3263/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Rita from TRMM: September 23, 2005", "description": "NASA's TRMM spacecraft observed this view of Hurricane Rita on September 23, 2005 at 0852Z. At this time the storm was a category 4 hurricane with a minimum pressure of 924 mb, and sustained winds of 120 knots. The cloud cover is taken by TRMM's Visible and Infrared Scanner(VIRS) and the GOES spacecraft. The rain structure is taken by TRMM's Tropical Microwave Imager (TMI). It looks underneath of the storm's clouds to reveal the underlying rain structure. Blue represents areas with at least 0.25 inches of rain per hour. Green shows at least 0.5 inches of rain per hour. Yellow is at least 1.0 inches of rain and red is at least 2.0 inches of rain per hour. || ", "release_date": "2005-09-23T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:05.787025-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513133, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003263/rita_0923_print.0050.jpg", "filename": "rita_0923_print.0050.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Hurricane Rita on Friday, September 23, 2005. The blue region represents areas where the storm is dumping at least 0.25 inches of rain per hour.", "width": 2560, "height": 1920, "pixels": 4915200 } } }, { "id": 402647, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3262, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3262/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Rita from TRMM: September 22, 2005", "description": "NASA's TRMM spacecraft observed this view of Hurricane Rita on September 22, 2005 at 0810Z. At this time the storm was the most destructive category 5 hurricane with a minimum pressure of 898mb, sustained winds of 150 knots, and a 15 nautical mile eye diameter. The cloud cover is taken by TRMM's Visible and Infrared Scanner(VIRS) and the GOES spacecraft. The rain structure is taken by TRMM's Tropical Microwave Imager (TMI). It looks underneath of the storm's clouds to reveal the underlying rain structure. Blue represents areas with at least 0.25 inches of rain per hour. Green shows at least 0.5 inches of rain per hour. Yellow is at least 1.0 inches of rain and red is at least 2.0 inches of rain per hour. || ", "release_date": "2005-09-22T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:05.875443-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513159, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003262/rita_0922hd.0040.jpg", "filename": "rita_0922hd.0040.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "High definition version 1280 by 720", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } }, { "id": 402648, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3261, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3261/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Rita Sea Surface Temperature and Clouds", "description": "This visualization shows the sea surface temperatures during Hurricane Rita. The data is from Septemeber 17 through 22, 2005. The colors on the ocean represent the sea surface temperatures, and satellite images of the hurricane clouds are laid over the temperatures to clearly show the hurricane positions. Orange and red depict regions that are 82 degrees F and higher, where the ocean is warm enough for hurricanes to form. Hurricane winds are sustained by the heat energy of the ocean, so the ocean is cooled as the hurricane passes and the energy is extracted to power the winds. The sea surface temperatures are 3-day moving averages based on the AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite, while the cloud images were taken by the Imager on the GOES-12 satellite. || ", "release_date": "2005-09-08T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:07.628058-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513490, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003261/ritaSTILL_20050923_1345z_web.jpg", "filename": "ritaSTILL_20050923_1345z_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Hurricane Rita clouds and sea surface temperatures on Sep 23, 2005 at 13:45GMT", "width": 320, "height": 240, "pixels": 76800 } } }, { "id": 402649, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3260, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3260/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Rita from TRMM: September 21, 2005", "description": "NASA's TRMM spacecraft is used to understand Hurricane Rita. TRMM observed this view of Hurricane Rita on September 21, 2005 at 0909Z. At this time the storm was a category 3 hurricane with a minimum pressure of 956mb, sustained winds of 105 knots, and a 25 nautical mile eye diameter. The cloud cover is taken by TRMM's Visible and Infrared Scanner(VIRS) and the GOES spacecraft. The rain structure is taken by TRMM's Tropical Microwave Imager (TMI). It looks underneath of the storm's clouds to reveal the underlying rain structure. Blue represents areas with at least 0.25 inches of rain per hour. Green shows at least 0.5 inches of rain per hour. Yellow is at least 1.0 inches of rain and red is at least 2.0 inches of rain per hour. || ", "release_date": "2005-09-21T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:06.088741-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513205, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003260/rita_0921_print.0050.jpg", "filename": "rita_0921_print.0050.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Hurricane Rita on September 21, 2005 at 0909Z. The storm has a 25 nautical mile eye diameter. Blue represents the rain structure that is fueling the storm.", "width": 2560, "height": 1920, "pixels": 4915200 } } }, { "id": 402650, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3259, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3259/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Rita's Hot Towers", "description": "NASA's TRMM spacecraft allows us to look under Hurricane Rita's clouds to see the rain structure on September 19, 2005 at 15Z. Spikes in the rain structure known as 'hot towers' indicate storm intensity. 'Hot Towers' refers to tall cumulonimbus clouds and has been seen as one of the mechanisms by which the intensity of a tropical cyclone is maintained. Because of the size (1-20 km) and short duration (30 minute to 2 hours) of these hot towers, studies of these events have been limited to descriptive studies from aircraft observations, although a few have attempted to use the presence of hot towers in a predictive capacity. Before TRMM, no data set existed that could show globally and definitively the presence of these hot towers in cyclone systems. Aircraft radar studies of individual storms lack global coverage. Global microwave or Infrared sensor observations do not provide the needed spatial resolution. With a ground resolution of 5 km, the TRMM Precipitation Radar provided the needed data set for examining the predictive value of hot towers in cyclone intensification. At the time the data was taken, this storm was classified as a Tropical Storm with winds off 55 knots and a pressure of 994mb. The existence of these 18 km towers in the eye wall alerted researchers that this storm was going to rapidly intensify. Within 48 hours of this data set, the storm was a very strong category 4 hurricane. || ", "release_date": "2005-09-21T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:06.019207-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513189, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003259/ritatowers_09219_print.0116.jpg", "filename": "ritatowers_09219_print.0116.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The TRMM spacecraft's Precipation Radar (PR) instrument observed 18 km towers in the eye wall of Hurricane Rita.", "width": 2560, "height": 1920, "pixels": 4915200 } } }, { "id": 402651, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3258, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3258/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Rita from TRMM: September 20, 2005", "description": "NASA's TRMM spacecraft is used to understand Hurricane Rita. TRMM observed this view of Hurricane Rita just before the storm made landfall on September 20, 2005. The cloud cover is taken by TRMM's Visible and Infrared Scanner(VIRS) and the GOES spacecraft. The rain structure is taken by TRMM's Tropical Microwave Imager (TMI). It looks underneath of the storm's clouds to reveal the underlying rain structure. Blue represents areas with at least 0.25 inches of rain per hour. Green shows at least 0.5 inches of rain per hour. Yellow is at least 1.0 inches of rain and red is at least 2.0 inches of rain per hour. || ", "release_date": "2005-09-21T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:05.940477-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513177, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003258/rita_0920.0110.jpg", "filename": "rita_0920.0110.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Hurricane Rita on September 20, 2005. The colored rainbands beneath the clouds depict the rain that fuels the storm. Blue represents areas where 0.5 inches of rain per hour. Green represents 1.0 inches per hour.", "width": 720, "height": 486, "pixels": 349920 } } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 370451, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/2005hurricane-season/#media_group_370451", "widget": "Card gallery", "title": "Ophelia", "caption": "", "description": "", "items": [ { "id": 402652, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3246, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3246/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Ophelia", "description": "The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument on both the Aqua and Terra satellites captured images of Ophelia hanging off the coast of the Carolinas. || ", "release_date": "2005-09-19T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:06.311614-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513247, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003246/opheila_640x480_web.jpg", "filename": "opheila_640x480_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Hurricane Ophelia, viewed with Terra and Aqua satellites", "width": 320, "height": 240, "pixels": 76800 } } }, { "id": 402653, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3245, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3245/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Ophelia from TRMM: September 11, 2005 1826 Zulu", "description": "NASA's TRMM spacecraft observed this view of Hurricane Ophelia on September 11, 2005 at 1826 Zulu. At the time the data was taken, the hurricane was a Category 1 hurricane located 250 miles east-southeast of Charleston, South Carolina and about 255 miles south of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. The storm had sustained winds of 75 mph. The cloud cover is taken by TRMM's Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) and the GOES spacecraft. The rain structure is taken by TRMM's Tropical Microwave Imager (TMI). It looks underneath of the storm's clouds to reveal the underlying rain structure. || ", "release_date": "2005-09-12T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:06.888494-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513346, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003245/ophelia2_print.0119.jpg", "filename": "ophelia2_print.0119.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Look under the clouds of Hurricane Ophelia to see the rain that fuels the storm. Areas of blue indicate regions where 0.5 inches of rain per hour were recorded.", "width": 2560, "height": 1920, "pixels": 4915200 } } }, { "id": 402654, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3244, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3244/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Ophelia from TRMM: September 11, 2005 1648 Zulu", "description": "NASA's TRMM spacecraft observed this view of Hurricane Ophelia on September 11, 2005. At the time the data was taken, the hurricane was a Category 1 hurricane with winds of 70 KT. The cloud cover is taken by TRMM's Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) and the GOES spacecraft. The rain structure is taken by TRMM's Tropical Microwave Imager (TMI). It looks underneath of the storm's clouds to reveal the underlying rain structure. || ", "release_date": "2005-09-12T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:06.794562-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513335, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003244/ophelia_1648.0088.jpg", "filename": "ophelia_1648.0088.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Hurricane Ophelia at 1648 Zulu.\nPeer under the clouds to see the rain structure fueling the storm.", "width": 2560, "height": 1920, "pixels": 4915200 } } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 370452, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/2005hurricane-season/#media_group_370452", "widget": "Card gallery", "title": "Emily", "caption": "", "description": "", "items": [ { "id": 402655, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3215, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3215/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Emily: July 20, 2005", "description": "NASA's TRMM spacecraft is used to understand Hurricane Emily. TRMM observed this view of Hurricane Emily just before the storm made landfall on July 20, 2005. The cloud cover is taken by TRMM's Visible and Infrared Scanner(VIRS) and the GOES spacecraft. The rain structure is taken by TRMM's Tropical Microwave Imager (TMI). It looks underneath of the storm's clouds to reveal the underlying rain structure. Blue represents areas with at least 0.25 inches of rain per hour. Green shows at least 0.5 inches of rain per hour. Yellow is at least 1.0 inches of rain and red is at least 2.0 inches of rain per hour. || ", "release_date": "2005-08-30T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:08.158904-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513583, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003215/emily_pounds_mexico.0088.jpg", "filename": "emily_pounds_mexico.0088.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Portrait image of Hurricane Emily as it makes landfall in Mexico. ", "width": 1920, "height": 2560, "pixels": 4915200 } } }, { "id": 402656, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3200, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3200/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Progression of Hurricane Emily, 2005 (WMS)", "description": "Emily was a record-setting storm for many reasons. When it formed on July 11, Emily became the earliest fifth named storm on record. As it moved through the Caribbean, Emily intensified into a powerful Category 4 storm with winds over 250 kilometers per hour (150 mph) and gusts as high as 300 kilometers per hour (184 mph), making it the most powerful storm to form before August. The previous record was set by Hurricane Dennis, which ripped through the Caribbean during the first week of July 2005. Emily's Category 4 status also made 2005 the only year to produce two Category 4 storms before the end of July. || ", "release_date": "2005-07-26T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:09.790958-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513828, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003200/emily-composite_web.jpg", "filename": "emily-composite_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This is a composite image of all of the available individual images together.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 320, "pixels": 102400 } } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 370453, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/2005hurricane-season/#media_group_370453", "widget": "Card gallery", "title": "Dennis", "caption": "", "description": "", "items": [ { "id": 402657, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3196, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3196/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Dennis", "description": "The formation of Hurricane Dennis on July 5 made that the earliest date on record that four named storms formed in the Atlantic basin. Dennis proved to be a powerful and destructive storm in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. It crossed over Cuba on July 8 and 9, leaving at least 10 dead, and caused additional deaths in Haiti. After re-emerging over open water, Dennis re-strengthened into a dangerous Category 4 hurricane with top wind speeds of 233 kilometers per hour (145 mph). The storm passed within 90 kilometers (55 miles) of Pensacola, Florida, and hit land about 80 kilometers (50 miles) east of where Hurricane Ivan struck in September, 2004. A large storm surge of more than 10 feet was created in certain areas, and many homes and businesses in low-lying areas were flooded. || ", "release_date": "2005-07-11T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:10.641328-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513975, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003100/a003196/dennis2005.0420_web.jpg", "filename": "dennis2005.0420_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "July 10, 2005 16:15 (UTC) In this image, with winds of 217 kilometers per hour (135 mph), Hurricane Dennis was a powerful Category 4 storm just hours away from making landfall. The eye of the storm was about 90 kilometers (55 miles) south, southeast of Pensacola, Florida, and the storm was moving northwest at about 29 kilometers per hour (18 mph). ", "width": 320, "height": 240, "pixels": 76800 } } }, { "id": 402658, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3194, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3194/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Progression of Hurricane Dennis, 2005 (WMS)", "description": "The formation of Hurricane Dennis on July 5 made that the earliest date on record that four named storms formed in the Atlantic basin. Dennis proved to be a powerful and destructive storm in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. It crossed over Cuba on July 8 and 9, leaving at least 10 dead, and caused additional deaths in Haiti. After re-emerging over open water, Dennis re-strengthened into a dangerous Category 4 hurricane with top wind speeds of 233 kilometers per hour (145 mph). The storm passed within 90 kilometers (55 miles) of Pensacola, Florida, and hit land about 80 kilometers (50 miles) east of where Hurricane Ivan struck in September, 2004. A large storm surge of more than 10 feet was created in certain areas, and many homes and businesses in low-lying areas were flooded. || ", "release_date": "2005-07-18T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:10.190588-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513897, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003100/a003194/dennis-composite_web.jpg", "filename": "dennis-composite_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This image shows a composite of the individual images available.This product is available through our Web Map Service.", "width": 320, "height": 320, "pixels": 102400 } } }, { "id": 402659, "type": "details_page", "extra_data": null, "instance": { "id": 3190, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3190/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Hurricane Dennis on July 6, 2005", "description": "The TRMM spacecraft captured this view of Hurricane Dennis as it passed just south of the Island of Hispaniola and headed for Cuba. || This is the view of Hurricane Dennis scene by the TRMM spacecraft on July 6, 2005 at 2i30Z. || TRMM_050706T21.jpg (720x486) [70.5 KB] || TRMM_050706T21_web.jpg (320x216) [42.1 KB] || TRMM_050706T21_thm.png (80x40) [5.9 KB] || TRMM_050706T21_web_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [100.8 KB] || TRMM_050706T21.tif (720x486) [419.4 KB] || ", "release_date": "2005-07-07T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:56:10.820613-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 513991, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003100/a003190/TRMM_050706T21_web.jpg", "filename": "TRMM_050706T21_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This is the view of Hurricane Dennis scene by the TRMM spacecraft on July 6, 2005 at 2i30Z.", "width": 320, "height": 216, "pixels": 69120 } } } ], "extra_data": {} } ] }