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    "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3998/",
    "page_type": "Visualization",
    "title": "September Arctic Minimum Arctic Sea Ice 2012",
    "description": "These images show the Arctic sea ice in September 2012 when it reached the smallest extent ever recorded in more than three decades of satellite measurements, according to scientists from NASA and the National Snow and Ice Data Center(NSIDC). Scientists at the NSIDC who calculate the sea ice minimum based on a 5-day trailing average identified September 16 as the lowest day. NASA scientists who calculate area on each individual day identified September 13th, although there is little difference between the two days. The data is from the U.S. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Special Sensor Microwave/Imager. The line on the image shows the average minimum extent from the period covering 1979-2010, as measured by satellites. Every summer the Arctic ice cap melts down to what scientists call its \"minimum\" before colder weather builds the ice cover back up. This year, according to NASA scientists, the area covered 3.439 million square kilometers, down by more than 3.571 million square kilometers from the high of 7.011 million square kilometers measured in 1980. The size of this minimum remains in a long-term decline.The sea ice has a slightly different coloration in the last three groups of images below.  In the first four groups, the color of the sea ice has a pale blue tint.  In the final three groups, the sea ice is shown in white. || ",
    "release_date": "2012-09-19T12:00:00-04:00",
    "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:52:47.724882-04:00",
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        "alt_text": "An image of the Arctic sea ice on September 13, 2012, the day that NASA scientists identified to be the minimum area in 2012. The sea ice is shown with a blue tint.  The sea ice is shown with a blue tint.",
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    "main_credits": {
        "Visualizations by": [
            {
                "name": "Cindy Starr",
                "employer": "Global Science and Technology, Inc."
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    },
    "progress": "Complete",
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    "funding_sources": [
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    ],
    "credits": [
        {
            "role": "Visualizer",
            "people": [
                {
                    "name": "Cindy Starr",
                    "employer": "Global Science and Technology, Inc."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "role": "Animator",
            "people": [
                {
                    "name": "Greg Shirah",
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        },
        {
            "role": "Producer",
            "people": [
                {
                    "name": "Jefferson Beck",
                    "employer": "USRA"
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                    "name": "Patrick Lynch",
                    "employer": "Wyle Information Systems"
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        {
            "role": "Scientist",
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                {
                    "name": "Josefino Comiso",
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                },
                {
                    "name": "Robert Gersten",
                    "employer": "Wyle Information Systems"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "role": "Project support",
            "people": [
                {
                    "name": "Laurence Schuler",
                    "employer": "ADNET Systems, Inc."
                },
                {
                    "name": "Ian Jones",
                    "employer": "ADNET Systems, Inc."
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    "datasets": [
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            "credit": "",
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        },
        {
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            "common_name": "",
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            "sensor": null,
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        "Cryosphere",
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        "Sea Ice Concentration"
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    "recommended_pages": [],
    "related": [
        {
            "id": 11081,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11081/",
            "page_type": "Produced Video",
            "title": "Vanishing",
            "description": "On September 16, 2012, sea ice in the Arctic reached a new record low, covering less area than at any point in the three decades of satellite records. Arctic sea ice melts each spring and summer, reaching its minimum size in mid-September. During the fall and winter months the ice returns, beginning a new freeze-thaw cycle. However, as ocean and surface temperatures in the Arctic have increased in recent decades, analysis by NASA scientists has shown the area of the annual sea ice minimum is declining even faster than climate models predicted. What's worse is that this trend has shown no sign of letting up. The visualization shows satellite measurements of the Arctic sea ice minimum each year from 1979 to 2012, a period in which the area of the minimum shrunk by half. || ",
            "release_date": "2012-09-25T00:00:00-04:00",
            "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:52:45.421769-04:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 473116,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011000/a011081/cover_2012min_labeled_1024x576.jpg",
                "filename": "cover_2012min_labeled_1024x576.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "Arctic sea ice continued its long-running disappearing act in the summer of 2012.",
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                "height": 576,
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    "newer_versions": [
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            "id": 4052,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4052/",
            "page_type": "Visualization",
            "title": "Arctic Daily Sea Ice Concentration from March 2012 to February 2013",
            "description": "This animation shows the seasonal change in the extent of the Arctic sea ice between March 1, 2012 and February 28, 2013. The annual cycle starts with the maximum extent reached on March 15, 2012. Every summer the Arctic ice cap melts down to its minimum extent before colder weather builds the ice cover back up. This new ice generated on an annual basis is called \"first-year\" ice and is thinner than the older sea ice. The perennial ice is the portion of the ice cap that spans multiple years and represents its thickest component. On September 13, 2012, the sea ice minimum covered 3.439 million square kilometers, that is down by more than 3.571 million square kilometers from the high of 7.011 million square kilometers measured in 1980. The annual maximum extent for 2013 reached on February 28 reached an extent of 15.09 million square kilometers. || ",
            "release_date": "2013-04-03T00:00:00-04:00",
            "update_date": "2024-10-09T00:03:23.212585-04:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 467449,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004000/a004052/dailySeaIce_v007.2085.jpg",
                "filename": "dailySeaIce_v007.2085.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "Animation of Arctic sea ice from March 2012 to February 2013.",
                "width": 1920,
                "height": 1080,
                "pixels": 2073600
            }
        }
    ],
    "older_versions": [],
    "alternate_versions": []
}