{ "id": 3901, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3901/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Five-Year Average Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2011", "description": "The global average surface temperature in 2011 was the ninth warmest since 1880.The finding sustains a trend that has seen the 21st century experience nine of the 10 warmest years in the modern meteorological record. NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York released an analysis of how temperatures around the globe in 2011 compared to the average global temperature from the mid-20th century. The comparison shows how Earth continues to experience higher temperatures than several decades ago. The average temperature around the globe in 2011 was 0.92 degrees F (0.51 C) higher than the mid-20th century baseline.\"We know the planet is absorbing more energy than it is emitting,\" said GISS director James E. Hansen. \"So we are continuing to see a trend toward higher temperatures. Even with the cooling effects of a strong La Ni?a influence and low solar activity for the past several years, 2011 was one of the 10 warmest years on record.\"The difference between 2011 and the warmest year in the GISS record (2010) is 0.22 degrees F (0.12 C). This underscores the emphasis scientists put on the long-term trend of global temperature rise as opposed to year-to-year variations. Because of the large natural variability of climate, scientists do not expect annual temperatures to rise consistently each year. However, they do expect a continuing temperature rise over decades. The first 11 years of the 21st century experienced notably higher temperatures compared to the middle and late 20th century, Hansen said.For more information on the GISS temperature analysis, visit http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp. || ", "release_date": "2012-01-20T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-01-05T00:01:38.029846-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 479801, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003900/a003901/dates2011updateGISStemperatureAnomalydates.1550_web.png", "filename": "dates2011updateGISStemperatureAnomalydates.1550_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This color-coded map displays a progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies from 1880 through 2011. The final frame represents global temperature anomalies averaged from 2007 to 2011.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 }, "main_video": null, "main_credits": { "Visualizations by": [ { "name": "Lori Perkins", "employer": "NASA/GSFC" } ] }, "progress": "Complete", "media_groups": [ { "id": 350190, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3901/#media_group_350190", "widget": "Basic text with HTML", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "The global average surface temperature in 2011 was the ninth warmest since 1880.The finding sustains a trend that has seen the 21st century experience nine of the 10 warmest years in the modern meteorological record. NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York released an analysis of how temperatures around the globe in 2011 compared to the average global temperature from the mid-20th century. The comparison shows how Earth continues to experience higher temperatures than several decades ago. The average temperature around the globe in 2011 was 0.92 degrees F (0.51 C) higher than the mid-20th century baseline.

\"We know the planet is absorbing more energy than it is emitting,\" said GISS director James E. Hansen. \"So we are continuing to see a trend toward higher temperatures. Even with the cooling effects of a strong La Ni?a influence and low solar activity for the past several years, 2011 was one of the 10 warmest years on record.\"

The difference between 2011 and the warmest year in the GISS record (2010) is 0.22 degrees F (0.12 C). This underscores the emphasis scientists put on the long-term trend of global temperature rise as opposed to year-to-year variations. Because of the large natural variability of climate, scientists do not expect annual temperatures to rise consistently each year. However, they do expect a continuing temperature rise over decades. The first 11 years of the 21st century experienced notably higher temperatures compared to the middle and late 20th century, Hansen said.

For more information on the GISS temperature analysis, visit

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Ruedy", "employer": "SIGMA Space Partners, LLC." }, { "name": "Kwok-Wai Ken Lo", "employer": "SIGMA Space Partners, LLC." }, { "name": "Makiko Sato", "employer": "Columbia University, Center for Climate Systems Research" }, { "name": "Robert B Schmunk", "employer": "SIGMA Space Partners, LLC." } ] }, { "role": "Project support", "people": [ { "name": "Robert B Schmunk", "employer": "SIGMA Space Partners, LLC." } ] }, { "role": "Writer", "people": [ { "name": "Patrick Lynch", "employer": "Wyle Information Systems" } ] } ], "missions": [], "series": [ "Global Temperature Anomalies" ], "tapes": [], "papers": [ "

*Hansen, J., R. Ruedy, Mki. Sato, and K. Lo, 2010: Global surface temperature change. Rev. Geophys., 48, RG4004, doi:10.1029/2010RG000345.

Model documentation, including the ModelE specification and results from three standard configurations, is given in the following journal article:

* Schmidt, G.A., R. Ruedy, J.E. Hansen, I. Aleinov, N. Bell, M. Bauer, S. Bauer, B. Cairns, V. Canuto, Y. Cheng, A. Del Genio, G. Faluvegi, A.D. Friend, T.M. Hall, Y. Hu, M. Kelley, N.Y. Kiang, D. Koch, A.A. Lacis, J. Lerner, K.K. Lo, R.L. Miller, L. Nazarenko, V. Oinas, Ja. Perlwitz, Ju. Perlwitz, D. Rind, A. Romanou, G.L. Russell, Mki. Sato, D.T. Shindell, P.H. Stone, S. Sun, N. Tausnev, D. Thresher, and M.-S. Yao 2006. Present day atmospheric simulations using GISS ModelE: Comparison to in-situ, satellite and reanalysis data. J. Climate 19, 153-192.", "

*Hansen, J., R. Ruedy, Mki. Sato, and K. Lo, 2010: Global surface temperature change. Rev. Geophys., 48, RG4004, doi:10.1029/2010RG000345.

Model documentation, including the ModelE specification and results from three standard configurations, is given in the following journal article:

* Schmidt, G.A., R. Ruedy, J.E. Hansen, I. Aleinov, N. Bell, M. Bauer, S. Bauer, B. Cairns, V. Canuto, Y. Cheng, A. Del Genio, G. Faluvegi, A.D. Friend, T.M. Hall, Y. Hu, M. Kelley, N.Y. Kiang, D. Koch, A.A. Lacis, J. Lerner, K.K. Lo, R.L. Miller, L. Nazarenko, V. Oinas, Ja. Perlwitz, Ju. Perlwitz, D. Rind, A. Romanou, G.L. Russell, Mki. Sato, D.T. Shindell, P.H. Stone, S. Sun, N. Tausnev, D. Thresher, and M.-S. Yao 2006. Present day atmospheric simulations using GISS ModelE: Comparison to in-situ, satellite and reanalysis data. J. Climate 19, 153-192." ], "datasets": [ { "name": "GISTEMP", "common_name": "", "platform": null, "sensor": "GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP)", "type": "Model", "organizations": [ "NASA/GISS" ], "description": "The GISS Surface Temperature Analysis version 4 (GISTEMP v4) is an estimate of global surface temperature change. Graphs and tables are updated around the middle of every month using current data files from NOAA GHCN v4 (meteorological stations) and ERSST v5 (ocean areas), combined as described in our publications [Hansen et al. (2010)](https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/ha00510u.html), [Lenssen et al. (2019)](https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/le05800h.html), and [Lenssen et al. (2024)](https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/le07900t.html).", "credit": "Lenssen, N., G.A. Schmidt, M. Hendrickson, P. Jacobs, M. Menne, and R. Ruedy, 2024: [A GISTEMPv4 observational uncertainty ensemble](https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/le07900t.html). J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 129, no. 17, e2023JD040179, doi:10.1029/2023JD040179.", "url": "https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/", "date_range": null } ], "nasa_science_categories": [ "Earth" ], "keywords": [ "Biosphere", "Climate", "Climate Indicators", "Coastal Processes", "Earth Science", "Ecological Dynamics", "El Nino Southern Oscillation", "Extinction", "Global Warming", "HDTV", "Hyperwall", "iPod", "Model Data", "Oceans", "Physical oceanography", "Science On a Sphere", "Sea Level Rise", "Teleconnections" ], "recommended_pages": [], "related": [ { "id": 4626, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4626/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2018", "description": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 through 2018. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the global temperatures 5-year averaged from 2014 through 2018. Scale in degree Celsius. || 2018HD_celsius_0900_print.jpg (1024x576) [126.0 KB] || 2018HD_celsius_0900_searchweb.png (320x180) [79.1 KB] || 2018HD_celsius_0900_thm.png (80x40) [7.4 KB] || 2018HD_celsius_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [20.7 MB] || celsius_robinson (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || 2018HD_celsius_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [4.2 MB] || celsius (5760x3240) [0 Item(s)] || celsius_composite (5760x3240) [0 Item(s)] || ", "release_date": "2019-02-06T11:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-02-02T00:10:36.586278-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 407797, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004600/a004626/2018HD_celsius_0900_print.jpg", "filename": "2018HD_celsius_0900_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 through 2018. 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The final frame represents global temperature anomalies in 2023. || 2023GISTEMP_Map.00899_print.jpg (1024x576) [138.7 KB] || 2023GISTEMP_Map.00899_searchweb.png (320x180) [66.6 KB] || 2023GISTEMP_Map.00899_thm.png (80x40) [6.4 KB] || 2023GISTEMP_Map.00899_web.png (320x180) [65.9 KB] || 2023GISTEMP_Map_HD.mp4 (1920x1080) [57.2 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || 2023GISTEMP_Map.mp4 (3840x2160) [114.3 MB] || earth_observations_5x3.hwshow || ", "release_date": "2024-01-12T11:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-01-08T13:56:34-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 1088347, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005200/a005207/2023GISTEMP_Map.00899_print.jpg", "filename": "2023GISTEMP_Map.00899_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are shown in white. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. Normal temperatures are calculated over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. The maps are averages over a running 24 month window. The final frame represents global temperature anomalies in 2023.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 5060, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5060/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2022", "description": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are shown in white. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. Normal temperatures are calculated over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2018-2022. || GISTEMP-2022-TemperatureAnomalyBothCelsiusFahrenheit.00899_print.jpg (1024x576) [145.3 KB] || GISTEMP-2022-TemperatureAnomalyBothCelsiusFahrenheit.00899_searchweb.png (180x320) [74.8 KB] || GISTEMP-2022-TemperatureAnomalyBothCelsiusFahrenheit.00899_thm.png (80x40) [6.3 KB] || GISTEMP-2022-TemperatureAnomalyBothCelsiusFahrenheit.mp4 (1920x1080) [57.8 MB] || celsius (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || celsius (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || ", "release_date": "2023-01-12T10:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2024-01-25T14:18:26-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 552069, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005000/a005060/GISTEMP-2022-TemperatureAnomalyBothCelsiusFahrenheit.00899_print.jpg", "filename": "GISTEMP-2022-TemperatureAnomalyBothCelsiusFahrenheit.00899_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are shown in white. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. Normal temperatures are calculated over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2018-2022. ", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 4964, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4964/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2021", "description": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are shown in white. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. Normal temperatures are calculated over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2017-2021. Scale in degrees Fahrenheit. || 2021f-TemperatureAnomalyF.0900_print.jpg (1024x576) [164.1 KB] || 2021f-TemperatureAnomalyF.0900_searchweb.png (180x320) [74.9 KB] || 2021f-TemperatureAnomalyF.0900_thm.png (80x40) [14.4 KB] || 2021f-TemperatureAnomalyF.0900.tif (1920x1080) [1.6 MB] || 2021GISStempF-5yrAvg.mp4 (1920x1080) [41.1 MB] || fahrenheit (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || 2021GISStempF-5yrAvg.webm (1920x1080) [3.4 MB] || 2021TempAnomalyF_GISSTEMP_1080p30.mp4.hwshow || ", "release_date": "2022-01-13T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-06-23T00:13:24.073238-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 373796, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004900/a004964/2021f-TemperatureAnomalyF.0900_print.jpg", "filename": "2021f-TemperatureAnomalyF.0900_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are shown in white. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. Normal temperatures are calculated over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2017-2021. Scale in degrees Fahrenheit.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 4901, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4901/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Climate Drivers", "description": "What are the latest climate models saying about why climate has changed and what might happen in the future? Scientists improve these models using the latest satellite data.GISS is a NASA laboratory managed by the Earth Sciences Division of the agency’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. The laboratory is affiliated with Columbia University’s Earth Institute and School of Engineering and Applied Science in New York. || ", "release_date": "2021-05-31T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2021-05-31T21:59:26.249029-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 380290, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004900/a004901/just_years-date.1000_print.jpg", "filename": "just_years-date.1000_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "All frames on this page are showing the same time sequence. THis is the corresponding year for all of the frame sequences.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 4882, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4882/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2020", "description": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are the average over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2016-2020. Scale in degrees Celsius. || print_cel2020_00000_print.jpg (1024x576) [184.6 KB] || print_cel2020_00000_searchweb.png (320x180) [71.3 KB] || print_cel2020_00000_thm.png (80x40) [6.5 KB] || GISSTEMP_celsius_fade_composite.mp4 (1920x1080) [69.1 MB] || GISSTEMP_celsius_fade_composite.webm (1920x1080) [3.4 MB] || print_cel2020_00000.tif (3840x2160) [23.7 MB] || ", "release_date": "2021-01-14T11:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-06-23T00:12:53.857233-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 380257, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004800/a004882/print_cel2020_00000_print.jpg", "filename": "print_cel2020_00000_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are the average over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2016-2020. Scale in degrees Celsius.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 4787, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4787/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2019", "description": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are the average over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2015-2019. Scale in degrees Celsius. || CelsiusRobinson_0889_print.jpg (1024x576) [111.8 KB] || CelsiusRobinson_0889_searchweb.png (320x180) [79.4 KB] || CelsiusRobinson_0889_thm.png (80x40) [7.1 KB] || CelsiusRobinson2019update_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [19.0 MB] || RobinsonCelsiusSequenceComposite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || CelsiusRobinson2019update_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [3.7 MB] || Celsius_UHD_composite (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || GISSTEMP2019_Celsius_UHD_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [69.3 MB] || CelsiusRobinson2019update_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [238 bytes] || ", "release_date": "2020-01-15T11:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-02-02T00:13:15.870485-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 387991, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004700/a004787/CelsiusRobinson_0889_print.jpg", "filename": "CelsiusRobinson_0889_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are the average over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2015-2019. Scale in degrees Celsius.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } ], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }