The visualizations below present two cases, from several different viewing positions: the 'world avoided' case, where the rate of CFC emission into the atmosphere is assumed to be that of the period before regulation, and the 'projected' case, which assumes the current rate of emission, post-regulation. 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These chemicals, also known by the trade name Freon, were common refrigerants and widely used in aerosol spray cans prior to the Montreal Protocol. In recent years, scientists have been using cutting-edge computer models of the atmosphere to ask a fascinating question: What would have happened to the ozone layer if nations had done nothing to limit the release of CFCs? The impact of inaction, the modeling shows, would have been ominous: increased rates of cancer, cataracts, and immune deficiency diseases are just a few of the consequences. By 2065, global ozone levels would drop to less than 110 Dobson units—a measure of the amount of ozone between the surface and space. (A healthy Dobson unit reading over Antarctica is around 275.) \"We wouldn't be able to go out much at all,\" says NASA scientist Paul Newman. In the visualization below, watch how ozone levels change in two simulated versions of the future: one where CFCs have been regulated, and one where they have not. || ", "release_date": "2011-09-22T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:37.130437-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 483220, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010824/ozone2_cover_1024x576.jpg", "filename": "ozone2_cover_1024x576.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Scientists have simulated what the ozone hole would look like in 2065 had chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) never been regulated.\n", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }