{
    "id": 30644,
    "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30644/",
    "page_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
    "title": "Simulated Clouds and Precipitable Water",
    "description": "Clouds and precipitable water animation of Apr 1 - Jul 31, 2006. || geos_cloudspw_20060101_0000_print.jpg (1024x576) [245.1 KB] || geos_cloudspw_20060101_0000.png (4096x2304) [15.1 MB] || geos_cloudspw_20060101_0000_searchweb.png (320x180) [108.1 KB] || geos_cloudspw_20060101_0000_thm.png (80x40) [7.9 KB] || geos_cloudspw_720p.webm (1280x720) [12.5 MB] || geos_cloudspw_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [270.8 MB] || geos_cloudspw_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [523.0 MB] || geos_cloudspw_2160p.mp4 (3840x2160) [1.4 GB] || ",
    "release_date": "2014-12-10T10:00:00-05:00",
    "update_date": "2025-01-05T00:25:27.922319-05:00",
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        "filename": "geos_cloudspw_20060101_0000_print.jpg",
        "media_type": "Image",
        "alt_text": "Clouds and precipitable water animation of Apr 1 - Jul 31, 2006. ",
        "width": 1024,
        "height": 576,
        "pixels": 589824
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    "main_video": null,
    "main_credits": {
        "Visualizations by": [
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                "name": "William Putman",
                "employer": "NASA/GSFC"
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    "progress": "Complete",
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                    "type": "media",
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            "description": "To better understanding Earth’s hydrological cycle, energy budget, and climate, scientists study moisture and clouds in the atmosphere. This simulation, produced by the Goddard Earth Observing System Model Version 5 (GEOS-5), shows precipitable water and clouds at 7-kilometer resolution from April 1 to July 31, 2006.  Precipitable water is the total amount of water vapor contained within a vertical column of the atmosphere.  In other words, its how much water would result if all the water in that column precipitated as rain. The amount of precipitable water in the air is small in extremely arid areas and in locations where the temperatures are very low (e.g., polar regions). Simulations such as this one allow scientists to gain new insights into atmospheric humidity and how clouds and water vapor impact precipitation and surface temperature.",
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            "people": [
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                    "employer": "NASA/GSFC"
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            "role": "Project support",
            "people": [
                {
                    "name": "Eric Sokolowsky",
                    "employer": "Global Science and Technology, Inc."
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    "missions": [],
    "series": [],
    "tapes": [],
    "papers": [],
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    "nasa_science_categories": [
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        "Earth Science",
        "GEOS",
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        "Hyperwall",
        "Precipitable Water"
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    "recommended_pages": [],
    "related": [
        {
            "id": 30591,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30591/",
            "page_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "title": "Simulated Clouds and Aerosols",
            "description": "GEOS-5 Model Visible || visible_1080_print.jpg (1024x576) [207.1 KB] || visible_1080_searchweb.png (180x320) [102.7 KB] || visible_1080_web.png (320x180) [102.7 KB] || visible_1080_thm.png (80x40) [7.7 KB] || visible (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || visible_1080.webm (1920x1080) [28.9 MB] || geos_visible_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [285.3 MB] || visible_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [423.8 MB] || geos_visible_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [572.6 MB] || visible (5760x2881) [0 Item(s)] || geos_visible_2160p.mp4 (3840x2160) [1.8 GB] || ",
            "release_date": "2014-12-10T10:00:00-05:00",
            "update_date": "2025-01-05T00:24:28.071225-05:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 431594,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a030000/a030500/a030591/visible_1080_print.jpg",
                "filename": "visible_1080_print.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "GEOS-5 Model Visible",
                "width": 1024,
                "height": 576,
                "pixels": 589824
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 30640,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30640/",
            "page_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "title": "Simulated Surface Carbon Monoxide",
            "description": "Carbon Monoxide animation of Dec 1 - 31, 2006 || geos_cosc_2304p.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [112.5 KB] || cosc_globe_c1440_NR_BETA9-SNAP_20061201_0000z.png (5760x2880) [17.4 MB] || cosc_globe_c1440_NR_BETA9-SNAP_20061201_0000z_print.jpg (1024x512) [127.3 KB] || cosc_globe_c1440_NR_BETA9-SNAP_20061201_0000z_searchweb.png (180x320) [74.1 KB] || geos_cosc_2304p.00001_thm.png (80x40) [5.9 KB] || geos_cosc_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [20.1 MB] || geos_cosc_720p.webm (1280x720) [2.9 MB] || geos_cosc_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [137.7 MB] || ",
            "release_date": "2014-12-10T10:00:00-05:00",
            "update_date": "2025-01-05T00:25:24.600041-05:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 432480,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a030000/a030600/a030640/cosc_globe_c1440_NR_BETA9-SNAP_20061201_0000z_print.jpg",
                "filename": "cosc_globe_c1440_NR_BETA9-SNAP_20061201_0000z_print.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "Carbon Monoxide animation of Dec 1 - 31, 2006",
                "width": 1024,
                "height": 512,
                "pixels": 524288
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 30641,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30641/",
            "page_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "title": "Simulated Sulfur Dioxide and Sulfate Aerosols",
            "description": "Sulfur and Sulfates animation of Sept 1 - Dec 31, 2006 || sulfur_globe_c1440_NR_BETA9-SNAP_20060901_0000z.png (5760x2880) [19.9 MB] || sulfur_globe_c1440_NR_BETA9-SNAP_20060901_0000z_print.jpg (1024x512) [117.1 KB] || sulfur_globe_c1440_NR_BETA9-SNAP_20060901_0000z_searchweb.png (180x320) [93.4 KB] || sulfur_globe_c1440_NR_BETA9-SNAP_20060901_0000z_thm.png (80x40) [7.0 KB] || geos_sulfur_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [95.0 MB] || geos_sulfur_720p.webm (1280x720) [11.6 MB] || sulfur_small_c1440_NR_BETA9-SNAP_20060329_1600z_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [357.4 MB] || geos_sulfur_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [667.5 MB] || ",
            "release_date": "2014-12-10T10:00:00-05:00",
            "update_date": "2025-01-05T00:25:25.456840-05:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 432489,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a030000/a030600/a030641/sulfur_globe_c1440_NR_BETA9-SNAP_20060901_0000z_print.jpg",
                "filename": "sulfur_globe_c1440_NR_BETA9-SNAP_20060901_0000z_print.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "Sulfur and Sulfates animation of Sept 1 - Dec 31, 2006",
                "width": 1024,
                "height": 512,
                "pixels": 524288
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 30642,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30642/",
            "page_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "title": "Simulated Wind Speeds at 500 mb",
            "description": "500MB winds animation of Aug 1 - Nov 30, 2006 || w500_globe_c1440_NR_BETA9-SNAP_20060801_0000z.png (5760x2880) [14.4 MB] || w500_globe_c1440_NR_BETA9-SNAP_20060801_0000z_print.jpg (1024x512) [226.7 KB] || w500_globe_c1440_NR_BETA9-SNAP_20060801_0000z_searchweb.png (180x320) [117.4 KB] || geos_w500_720p.webm (1280x720) [16.6 MB] || geos_w500_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [234.9 MB] || geos_w500_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [1.4 GB] || ",
            "release_date": "2014-12-10T10:00:00-05:00",
            "update_date": "2025-01-06T02:25:28.454355-05:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 432496,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a030000/a030600/a030642/w500_globe_c1440_NR_BETA9-SNAP_20060801_0000z_print.jpg",
                "filename": "w500_globe_c1440_NR_BETA9-SNAP_20060801_0000z_print.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "500MB winds animation of Aug 1 - Nov 30, 2006",
                "width": 1024,
                "height": 512,
                "pixels": 524288
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 30643,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30643/",
            "page_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "title": "Simulated Clouds and Precipitation",
            "description": "Precipitation animation of Jan 1 - Mar 31, 2006. No preview movie available yet || geos_precip_20060101_0000_print.jpg (1024x576) [259.1 KB] || geos_precip_20060101_0000.png (4096x2304) [15.3 MB] || geos_precip_20060101_0000_searchweb.png (320x180) [110.7 KB] || geos_precip_20060101_0000_thm.png (80x40) [7.5 KB] || ",
            "release_date": "2014-12-10T10:00:00-05:00",
            "update_date": "2025-01-06T02:25:37.930376-05:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 432500,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a030000/a030600/a030643/geos_precip_20060101_0000_print.jpg",
                "filename": "geos_precip_20060101_0000_print.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "Precipitation animation of Jan 1 - Mar 31, 2006. No preview movie available yet",
                "width": 1024,
                "height": 576,
                "pixels": 589824
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 30634,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30634/",
            "page_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "title": "GEOS-5 Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide Simulation for SC 2014",
            "description": "Carbon exists in many forms—e.g., carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO)—and continually cycles through Earth’s atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial ecosystems. This visualization, created using data from the 7-km GEOS-5 Nature Run model, shows average column concentrations of atmospheric CO2 (colored shades) and CO (white shades underneath) from May 15, 2005 to June 16, 2007. There is also a version that covers January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2006.CO2 variations are largely controlled by fossil fuel emissions and seasonal fluxes of carbon between the atmosphere and land biosphere. For example, dark red and pink shades represent regions where CO2 concentrations are enhanced by carbon sources, mainly from human activities. During Northern Hemisphere spring and summer months, plants absorb a substantial amount of CO2 through photosynthesis, thus removing CO2 from the atmosphere. Atmospheric CO, a pollutant harmful to human health, is produced mainly from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning. Here, high concentrations of CO (white) are mainly from fire activity in Africa, South America, and Australia. Scientists use model output data such as these to help answer important questions about Earth’s climate and to help design future satellite missions.These model simulations use fossil fuel emissions estimates provided by the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR). NASA’s Quick Fire Emissions Dataset (QFED) estimates fire emissions using MODIS fire radiative power observations. Additional, observationally constrained estimates of CO2 flux between the atmosphere and land and ocean carbon reservoirs were produced as part of NASA’s Carbon Monitoring System Flux Pilot Project (http://carbon.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/cms/inv_pgp.pl?pgid=581). Land biosphere fluxes come from the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach Global Fire Emissions Database (CASA-GFED) model which incorporates MODIS vegetation classification and AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data. Ocean fluxes are produced by the NASA Ocean Biogeochemical Model (NOBM) which incorporates MODIS chlorophyll observations. || ",
            "release_date": "2014-12-10T00:00:00-05:00",
            "update_date": "2025-01-05T00:25:18.188596-05:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 432554,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a030000/a030600/a030634/geos_carbon_720p_print.jpg",
                "filename": "geos_carbon_720p_print.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "GEOS-5 carbon, May 15, 2005 - June 16, 2007.",
                "width": 1024,
                "height": 576,
                "pixels": 589824
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 30637,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30637/",
            "page_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "title": "GEOS-5 Aerosols Simulation for SC 2014",
            "description": "GEOS-5 aerosols shown at SC 2014. || aerosols-sc2014-preview.jpg (1024x512) [140.7 KB] || aerosols_globe_c1440_NR_BETA9-SNAP_20070228_2200z_searchweb.png (180x320) [97.6 KB] || aerosols_globe_c1440_NR_BETA9-SNAP_20070228_2200z_thm.png (80x40) [7.4 KB] || aerosols (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || aerosols-sc14.webm (1920x1080) [10.2 MB] || aerosols-sc14.mp4 (1920x1080) [155.5 MB] || 30637_aerosols_sim_1920x1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [204.3 MB] || aerosols (5760x2881) [0 Item(s)] || 30637_aerosols_sim_4K.mp4 (4096x2048) [206.8 MB] || 30637_aerosols_sim_UHD_large.mp4 (3840x2160) [206.3 MB] || 30637_aerosols_sim_1280x720_prores.mov (1280x720) [1.5 GB] || 30637_aerosols_sim_UHD_youtube_hq.mov (3840x2160) [4.0 GB] || 30637_aerosols_sim_UHD.mov (3840x2160) [11.2 GB] || 30637_aerosols_sim_MASTER.mov (5760x2881) [23.5 GB] || ",
            "release_date": "2014-12-10T00:00:00-05:00",
            "update_date": "2025-01-06T02:25:05.777504-05:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 432604,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a030000/a030600/a030637/aerosols_globe_c1440_NR_BETA9-SNAP_20070228_2200z_searchweb.png",
                "filename": "aerosols_globe_c1440_NR_BETA9-SNAP_20070228_2200z_searchweb.png",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "GEOS-5 aerosols shown at SC 2014.",
                "width": 180,
                "height": 320,
                "pixels": 57600
            }
        }
    ],
    "sources": [
        {
            "id": 30701,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30701/",
            "page_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "title": "Earth: A System of Systems",
            "description": "Slices of Earth observational and modeling data || R_beach_ball_flat_1080p.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [105.6 KB] || R_beach_ball_flat_1080p.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [53.8 KB] || R_beach_ball_flat_1080p.00001_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || R_beach_ball_flat_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [47.3 MB] || R_beach_ball_flat_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [26.4 MB] || R_beach_ball_flat_720p.webm (1280x720) [7.8 MB] || beach_ball_noLabels_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [41.8 MB] || beach_ball_noLabels_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [23.1 MB] || R_beach_ball_flat_360p.mp4 (640x360) [9.3 MB] || cam_held (4104x2304) [0 Item(s)] || earth_system_of_systems_30701.key [51.4 MB] || earth_system_of_systems_30701.pptx [49.0 MB] || beachball_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [125.7 MB] || beach_ball_noLabels_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [121.0 MB] || ",
            "release_date": "2016-02-08T12:00:00-05:00",
            "update_date": "2025-03-03T00:10:09.754793-05:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 433023,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a030000/a030700/a030701/R_beach_ball_flat_1080p.00001_print.jpg",
                "filename": "R_beach_ball_flat_1080p.00001_print.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "Slices of Earth observational and modeling data",
                "width": 1024,
                "height": 576,
                "pixels": 589824
            }
        }
    ],
    "products": [],
    "newer_versions": [],
    "older_versions": [],
    "alternate_versions": []
}