Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab
Alt text: Animation showing the T CrB system
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"description": "Roughly every 80 years, one of the two stars in a star system known as T Coronae Borealis — or T CrB for short — experiences a violent eruption, causing it to brighten so much that the system briefly becomes visible from Earth with the unaided eye.
The system is composed of two stars that orbit each other: a red giant — a star nearing the end of its life — and an Earth-sized stellar remnant known as a white dwarf. White dwarfs are some of the densest objects in the universe, packing half the mass of our Sun or more into a planet-sized ball. Billions of years from now, our own Sun will transform first into a red giant and then into a white dwarf.
In T CrB, the white dwarf’s gravity rounds up some of the gas flowing off the red giant, forming a flattened cloud of gas around the dwarf. This gas gradually works its way onto the dwarf’s surface, building up a layer of material. Over decades, the pressures and temperatures of this layer increase and eventually reach a critical point. It explodes in a runaway thermonuclear reaction, an event called a nova. The explosion only affects surface material, leaving the dwarf intact, so the whole process can occur again and again.
In most cases, the process takes many thousands of years to repeat, so each system is seen as a nova only once. T CrB manages to do so every 80 years or so, which is why astronomers classify it as a recurrent nova.
Documented outbursts occurred in 1946, 1866, and 1787, with an even earlier eruption likely recorded in 1217. Based on recent behavior, some astronomers predicted the star would erupt sometime in late 2024. This system interests scientists because nova eruptions are relatively rare in our stellar neighborhood, and its proximity will allow them to glimpse the event in unusual detail.",
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Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab
Alt text: Animation showing T CrB erupt
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Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab
Alt text: Animation showing T CrB blast wave
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Detailed measurements of bright flares in the explosion clearly show that shock waves power most of the nova's visible light. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterMusic: \"Scientist\" from Universal Production MusicWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available. || novastill01.jpg (3840x2160) [1.1 MB] || novastill01_searchweb.png (320x180) [76.8 KB] || novastill01_thm.png (80x40) [6.7 KB] || 13578_Nova_Carinae_Best.webm (1920x1080) [13.8 MB] || novastill01.tif (3840x2160) [31.7 MB] || 13578_Nova_Carinae_SRT_Captions.en_US.srt [2.2 KB] || 13578_Nova_Carinae_SRT_Captions.en_US.vtt [2.2 KB] || 13578_Nova_Carinae_Best.mp4 (1920x1080) [319.4 MB] || 13578_Nova_Carinae_Good.mp4 (1920x1080) [129.0 MB] || 13578_Nova_Carinae_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [1.4 GB] || ", "release_date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:45:04.174563-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 385704, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013500/a013578/novastill01_searchweb.png", "filename": "novastill01_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "NASA’s Fermi and NuSTAR space telescopes, together with another satellite named BRITE-Toronto, are providing new insights into a nova explosion that erupted in 2018. Detailed measurements of bright flares in the explosion clearly show that shock waves power most of the nova's visible light. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterMusic: \"Scientist\" from Universal Production MusicWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } }, { "id": 11608, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11608/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Fermi Reveals Novae as a New Class of Gamma-Ray Sources", "description": "Observations of four stellar eruptions, called novae, by NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope firmly establish that these relatively common outbursts nearly always produce gamma rays, the most energetic form of light. A nova is a sudden, short-lived brightening of an otherwise inconspicuous star caused by a thermonuclear explosion on the surface of a white dwarf, a compact star not much larger than Earth. Novae occur because a stream of gas flowing from the star continually piles up into a layer on the white dwarf's surface. This layer eventually reaches a flash point and detonates in a runaway thermonuclear explosion. Each nova releases up to 100,000 times the annual energy output of our sun. Prior to Fermi, no one suspected these outbursts were capable of producing high-energy gamma rays. Such emission, with energies millions of times greater than visible light, usually is associated with far more powerful cosmic blasts.Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT) scored its first nova detection in March 2010 with an outburst of V407 Cygni. In this rare type of system, a white dwarf interacts with a red giant star more than a hundred times the size of our sun. Other members of this unusual stellar class have been observed to \"go nova\" every few decades.In 2012 and 2013, the LAT found three much more typical, or \"classical,\" novae: V339 Delphini in 2013 and V1324 Scorpii and V959 Monocerotis in 2012. The outbursts occurred in comparatively common systems where a white dwarf and a sun-like star orbit each other every few hours. Astronomers estimate that between 20 and 50 novae occur each year in our galaxy. Most go undetected, their visible light obscured by intervening dust and their gamma rays dimmed by distance. All of the gamma-ray novae found so far lie between 9,000 and 15,000 light-years away, which is relatively nearby compared to our galaxy's size.One explanation for the gamma-ray emission is that the blast creates multiple shock waves, which expand into space at slightly different speeds. Faster shocks could interact with slower ones, accelerating particles to near the speed of light. These particles ultimately could produce gamma rays. || ", "release_date": "2014-07-31T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:41.381707-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 453314, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011600/a011608/Fermi_novae_large_no_labels_searchweb.png", "filename": "Fermi_novae_large_no_labels_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Same as above but without labels.Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } }, { "id": 20184, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20184/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "Fermi Sees a Nova", "description": "NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has detected gamma-rays from a nova for the first time. The finding stunned observers and theorists alike because it overturns a long-standing notion that novae explosions lack the power for such high-energy emissions. In March, Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT) detected gamma rays — the most energetic form of light - from the nova for 15 days. Scientists believe that the emission arose as a million-mile-per-hour shock wave raced from the site of the explosion. A nova is a sudden, short-lived brightening of an otherwise inconspicuous star. The outburst occurs when a white dwarf in a binary system erupts in an enormous thermonuclear explosion. \"In human terms, this was an immensely powerful eruption, equivalent to about 1,000 times the energy emitted by the sun every year,\" said Elizabeth Hays, a Fermi deputy project scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. \"But compared to other cosmic events Fermi sees, it was quite modest. We're amazed that Fermi detected it so strongly.\" More information here. || ", "release_date": "2010-08-12T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2015-12-02T10:26:23-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 490806, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020100/a020184/NovaCyg093500952_print.jpg", "filename": "NovaCyg093500952_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Watch V407 Cyg go nova! In this animation, gamma rays (magenta) arise when accelerated particles in the explosion's shock wave crash into the red giant's stellar wind.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }