ESCAPADE's twin spacecraft will launch from Cape Canaveral, Florida, and head toward Mars when Earth and the Red Planet are aligned.
The dark blue line is Earth's orbit, the red line is Mars' orbit, and the light blue line is ESCAPADE's trajectory.
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ESCAPADE's twin spacecraft launches from Cape Canaveral, Florida, and heads towards Mars when Earth and the Red Planet are aligned.
The dark blue line is Earth's orbit, the red line is Mars' orbit, and the light blue line is ESCAPADE's trajectory.
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Loiter Orbit
To save fuel, previous Mars missions have had to launch when Earth and Mars are aligned in their orbits. However, ESCAPADE is pioneering a new strategy that allows Mars-bound spacecraft to launch almost anytime.
Instead of launching directly to Mars, the ESCAPADE spacecraft will loop around the Earth-Sun Lagrange point 2 (L2), in an “Earth-proximity” or “loiter” orbit that allows the spacecraft to wait until November 2026, when the planets are aligned, to head to Mars.
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To save fuel, previous Mars missions have had to launch when Earth and Mars are aligned in their orbits. However, ESCAPADE is pioneering a new strategy that allows Mars-bound spacecraft to launch almost anytime.
Instead of launching directly to Mars, the ESCAPADE spacecraft will loop around the Earth-Sun Lagrange point 2 (L2), in an “Earth-proximity” or “loiter” orbit that allows the spacecraft to wait until November 2026, when the planets are aligned, to head to Mars.
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The ESCAPADE’s twin spacecraft arrive at Mars separately, two days apart. Once each spacecraft reaches periapsis – the closest part of the orbit to Mars – its thrusters will fire to slow it down.
As the Mars Orbit Insertion (MOI) burns are carried out, the spacecraft slow down and their orbits change, slowly wrapping around Mars until the spacecraft are captured into Mars orbit.
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After ESCAPADE reaches Mars, the two spacecraft will arrange themselves in their first science formation, in which the twin spacecraft will follow each other in the same orbit, passing through the same areas at different times to uncover when and where changes are happening at Mars. This science campaign will last for six months.
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This science campaign will last for six months.Credit: Matt Bollinger/Advanced Space", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } }, { "id": 518431, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 1159341, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014900/a014915/14915_ESCAPADE_ScienceA_4K_YouTube.mp4", "filename": "14915_ESCAPADE_ScienceA_4K_YouTube.mp4", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "ESCAPADE - Science Orbit AAfter ESCAPADE reaches Mars, the two spacecraft will arrange themselves in their first science formation, in which the twin spacecraft will follow each other in the same orbit, passing through the same areas at different times to uncover when and where changes are happening at Mars. This science campaign will last for six months.Credit: Matt Bollinger/Advanced Space", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } }, { "id": 518430, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 1159340, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014900/a014915/14915_ESCAPADE_ScienceA_4K_ProRes.mov", "filename": "14915_ESCAPADE_ScienceA_4K_ProRes.mov", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "ESCAPADE - Science Orbit AAfter ESCAPADE reaches Mars, the two spacecraft will arrange themselves in their first science formation, in which the twin spacecraft will follow each other in the same orbit, passing through the same areas at different times to uncover when and where changes are happening at Mars. 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This science campaign will last for six months.Credit: Matt Bollinger/Advanced Space", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 379817, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14915/#media_group_379817", "widget": "Video player", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "ESCAPADE - Science Orbit B
In ESCAPADE's second science formation, the two spacecraft will have different orbits, with one traveling farther from Mars and the other staying closer to it. Planned to last for five months, this second formation aims to study the solar wind and Martian magnetosphere simultaneously, allowing scientists to investigate how Mars responds to the solar wind in real time.
Credit: Matt Bollinger/Advanced Space", "items": [ { "id": 518459, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 1159355, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014900/a014915/14915_ESCAPADE_ScienceOrbitB_Thumb.jpg", "filename": "14915_ESCAPADE_ScienceOrbitB_Thumb.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "ESCAPADE - Science Orbit BIn ESCAPADE's second science formation, the two spacecraft will have different orbits, with one traveling farther from Mars and the other staying closer to it. Planned to last for five months, this second formation aims to study the solar wind and Martian magnetosphere simultaneously, allowing scientists to investigate how Mars responds to the solar wind in real time.Credit: Matt Bollinger/Advanced Space", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } }, { "id": 518460, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 1159356, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014900/a014915/14915_ESCAPADE_ScienceOrbitB_Thumb_print.jpg", "filename": "14915_ESCAPADE_ScienceOrbitB_Thumb_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "ESCAPADE - Science Orbit BIn ESCAPADE's second science formation, the two spacecraft will have different orbits, with one traveling farther from Mars and the other staying closer to it. Planned to last for five months, this second formation aims to study the solar wind and Martian magnetosphere simultaneously, allowing scientists to investigate how Mars responds to the solar wind in real time.Credit: Matt Bollinger/Advanced Space", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 518457, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 1159353, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014900/a014915/14915_ESCAPADE_ScienceOrbitB_BackgroundOnly.png", "filename": "14915_ESCAPADE_ScienceOrbitB_BackgroundOnly.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "ESCAPADE - Science Orbit BIn ESCAPADE's second science formation, the two spacecraft will have different orbits, with one traveling farther from Mars and the other staying closer to it. Planned to last for five months, this second formation aims to study the solar wind and Martian magnetosphere simultaneously, allowing scientists to investigate how Mars responds to the solar wind in real time.Credit: Matt Bollinger/Advanced Space", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } }, { "id": 518461, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 1159357, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014900/a014915/14915_ESCAPADE_ScienceOrbitB_Thumb_web.png", "filename": "14915_ESCAPADE_ScienceOrbitB_Thumb_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "ESCAPADE - Science Orbit BIn ESCAPADE's second science formation, the two spacecraft will have different orbits, with one traveling farther from Mars and the other staying closer to it. Planned to last for five months, this second formation aims to study the solar wind and Martian magnetosphere simultaneously, allowing scientists to investigate how Mars responds to the solar wind in real time.Credit: Matt Bollinger/Advanced Space", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } }, { "id": 518462, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 1159358, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014900/a014915/14915_ESCAPADE_ScienceOrbitB_Thumb_thm.png", "filename": "14915_ESCAPADE_ScienceOrbitB_Thumb_thm.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "ESCAPADE - Science Orbit BIn ESCAPADE's second science formation, the two spacecraft will have different orbits, with one traveling farther from Mars and the other staying closer to it. Planned to last for five months, this second formation aims to study the solar wind and Martian magnetosphere simultaneously, allowing scientists to investigate how Mars responds to the solar wind in real time.Credit: Matt Bollinger/Advanced Space", "width": 80, "height": 40, "pixels": 3200 } }, { "id": 518458, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 1159354, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014900/a014915/14915_ESCAPADE_ScienceB_4K_ProRes.webm", "filename": "14915_ESCAPADE_ScienceB_4K_ProRes.webm", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "ESCAPADE - Science Orbit BIn ESCAPADE's second science formation, the two spacecraft will have different orbits, with one traveling farther from Mars and the other staying closer to it. Planned to last for five months, this second formation aims to study the solar wind and Martian magnetosphere simultaneously, allowing scientists to investigate how Mars responds to the solar wind in real time.Credit: Matt Bollinger/Advanced Space", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } }, { "id": 518455, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 1159351, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014900/a014915/14915_ESCAPADE_ScienceB_4K_YouTube.mp4", "filename": "14915_ESCAPADE_ScienceB_4K_YouTube.mp4", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "ESCAPADE - Science Orbit BIn ESCAPADE's second science formation, the two spacecraft will have different orbits, with one traveling farther from Mars and the other staying closer to it. Planned to last for five months, this second formation aims to study the solar wind and Martian magnetosphere simultaneously, allowing scientists to investigate how Mars responds to the solar wind in real time.Credit: Matt Bollinger/Advanced Space", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } }, { "id": 518454, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 1159350, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014900/a014915/14915_ESCAPADE_ScienceB_4K_ProRes.mov", "filename": "14915_ESCAPADE_ScienceB_4K_ProRes.mov", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "ESCAPADE - Science Orbit BIn ESCAPADE's second science formation, the two spacecraft will have different orbits, with one traveling farther from Mars and the other staying closer to it. Planned to last for five months, this second formation aims to study the solar wind and Martian magnetosphere simultaneously, allowing scientists to investigate how Mars responds to the solar wind in real time.Credit: Matt Bollinger/Advanced Space", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } }, { "id": 518456, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 1159352, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014900/a014915/14915_ESCAPADE_ScienceOrbitB_OrbitOnly.mov", "filename": "14915_ESCAPADE_ScienceOrbitB_OrbitOnly.mov", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "ESCAPADE - Science Orbit BIn ESCAPADE's second science formation, the two spacecraft will have different orbits, with one traveling farther from Mars and the other staying closer to it. Planned to last for five months, this second formation aims to study the solar wind and Martian magnetosphere simultaneously, allowing scientists to investigate how Mars responds to the solar wind in real time.Credit: Matt Bollinger/Advanced Space", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } } ], "extra_data": {} } ], "studio": "gms", "funding_sources": [ "PAO" ], "credits": [ { "role": "Producer", "people": [ { "name": "Lacey Young", "employer": "eMITS" }, { "name": "Joy Ng", "employer": "eMITS" } ] }, { "role": "Writer", "people": [ { "name": "Vanessa Thomas", "employer": "eMITS" } ] } ], "missions": [], "series": [], "tapes": [], "papers": [], "datasets": [], "nasa_science_categories": [ "Planets & Moons", "Sun" ], "keywords": [ "ESCAPADE", "Magnetic Fields", "Magnetosphere", "Mars", "Mars Arrival", "Mars Orbit Insertion", "Mars Upper Atmosphere", "Martian Atmosphere" ], "recommended_pages": [], "related": [ { "id": 5503, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5503/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "ESCAPADE Theoretical Flight Through Active Mars Magnetosphere", "description": "NASA's Escape and Plasma Acceleration Dynamics Explorers mission, or ESCAPADE, aims to study Mars' real-time response to the solar wind and how the Martian magnetosphere changes over time, helping us better understand Mars' climate history. In this data visualization, we use the September 13, 2017 solar storm that arrived at Mars as an example of a storm that the twin ESCAPADE spacecraft might study.", "release_date": "2025-11-19T12:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-11-18T17:17:11.204487-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 1153062, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005500/a005503/marsMagnetosphere_VelTracersExtended_9-6-2024a_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_noArrow_4k.00420_print.jpg", "filename": "marsMagnetosphere_VelTracersExtended_9-6-2024a_jmag_normal_flightA_campaignA_noArrow_4k.00420_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Mars's magnetosphere experienced a strong solar wind storm on September 13, 2017. The induced magnetic field, generated by the storm's plasma interacting with the Martian ionosphere, was significantly stronger than usual and exceeded Mars' crustal magnetic field present in many localized regions of the planet.This data visualization shows time passing at 30 data simulation minutes per animation second.The solar storm can be seen contacting the Martian magnetosphere at 0:17 in the movie. The green current density shows where magnetic current is strong. Lines tracing out the magnetic field are purple in regions of weaker magnetism, and orange-yellow where the magnetic field is strongest.Cyan lines indicate the expected path of the ESCAPADE spacecraft during the first part of its mission, when the two spacecraft fly in tandem with one closely following the other.An alternate version of the data visualization with a sun-pointing arrow is available in the Download menu.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 14666, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14666/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "ESCAPADE Launch Phase and Deployment Animations", "description": "The Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers, or ESCAPADE, will use two identical spacecraft to investigate how the solar wind interacts with Mars’ magnetic environment and how this interaction drives the planet’s atmospheric escape. The first multi-spacecraft orbital science mission to the Red Planet, ESCAPADE’s twin orbiters will take simultaneous observations from different locations around Mars to reveal the planet’s real-time response to space weather and how the Martian magnetosphere changes over time.The ESCAPADE mission will be carried into orbit on the second launch of Blue Origin’s New Glenn rocket. New Glenn is a single-configuration, heavy-lift orbital launch vehicle capable of routinely carrying both spacecraft and people to low Earth orbits, geostationary transfer orbits, cislunar orbits (between Earth and the Moon), and beyond via Earth-departure orbits like the one required for ESCAPADE. The vehicle is named after John Glenn, the first American astronaut to orbit Earth.The ESCAPADE mission is managed by the Space Sciences Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, with key partners Rocket Lab, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Advanced Space LLC, and Blue Origin. || ", "release_date": "2025-11-13T12:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-11-13T12:00:59-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 1159081, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014600/a014666/14666_NewGlenn_ESCAPADE_4K_ProRes.00075_print.jpg", "filename": "14666_NewGlenn_ESCAPADE_4K_ProRes.00075_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Credit: Blue Origin", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 14635, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14635/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "ESCAPADE Mission Spacecraft Beauty Passes", "description": "NASA’s Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers (ESCAPADE) mission will study the interaction between the solar wind and Martian atmosphere. Two identical spacecraft will orbit around the Red Planet to understand the structure, composition, variability, and dynamics of Mars’ unique hybrid magnetosphere, including its real-time response to space weather.The mission will leverage its unique dual viewpoint on the Mars environment to explore how the solar wind strips atmosphere away from Mars to better understand how its climate has changed over time — so much that Mars no longer supports liquid water on its surface. The pair will be the first coordinated multi-spacecraft orbital science mission to Mars.ESCAPADE is part of the NASA Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration (SIMPLEx) program. The mission is managed by the University of California Berkeley’s Space Sciences Laboratory, with key partners Rocket Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Advanced Space LLC, and Blue Origin. || ", "release_date": "2024-07-22T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-11-13T12:07:04-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 1095460, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014600/a014635/RL_ESCAPADE_Beauty_Shot001.00181_print.jpg", "filename": "RL_ESCAPADE_Beauty_Shot001.00181_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "ESCAPADE twin spacecraft entering Mars’ orbit. Note this is stylized: the spacecraft arrive at Mars 48 hours apart.Credits: James Rattray/Rocket Lab USA", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }