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From the surface of the Moon, LEXI will capture wide-field images of Earth's magnetic environment, or magnetosphere, in low-energy (or \"soft\") X-rays. LEXI will study changes in the magnetosphere and help us learn more about how it interacts with a stream of particles from the Sun called the solar wind, which can pose hazards for Artemis astronauts traveling to the Moon.

Learn more about LEXI and its CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Services) flight to the Moon from Hyunju Connor, LEXI co-investigator at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.

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Complete transcript available.

Music credit: \"Breakthrough Discovery\" by Phillip John Gregory [PRS] from Universal Production Music

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Scientists call this mysterious outflow the “polar wind,” and for almost 60 years, spacecraft have been flying through it as scientists have theorized about its cause. The leading theory was that a planet-wide electric field was drawing those particles up into space. But this so-called ambipolar electric field, if it exists, is so weak that all attempts to measure it have failed – until now.In 2022, scientists traveled to Svalbard, a small archipelago in Norway, to launch a rocket in an attempt to measure Earth’s ambipolar electric field for the first time. This was NASA’s Endurance rocketship mission, and this is its story.To learn more, visit: https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/heliophysics/nasa-discovers-long-sought-global-electric-field-on-earth/ || ", "release_date": "2024-08-28T11:30:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-08-28T11:37:52.179001-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 1096850, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014600/a014628/Thumbnail02.jpg", "filename": "Thumbnail02.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Discovering Earth's Third Global Energy FieldWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.Music credit: \"Atoms in Motion\" by Phillip John Gregory [PRS], “Curious By Nature” by Eddie Saffron [PRS], “Perfect Vibes” by Thomas Gallicani [SACEM], “Natural Response” by Jonathan Elisa [ASCAP] and Sarah Trevino [ASCAP] from Universal Production MusicSound effects: Pixabay", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } }, { "id": 5193, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5193/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Geomagnetic Storm Causes Satellite Loss", "description": "In February 2022, a Coronal Mass Ejection led to 38 commercial satellites being lost. Solar plasma from a geomagnetic storm heated the atmosphere, causing denser gases to expand into the satellites’ orbit, which increased atmospheric drag on the satellites and caused them to de-orbit. Johns Hopkins APL-led Center for Geospace Storms (CGS) is building a Multiscale Atmosphere-Geospace Environment (MAGE) supercomputer model to predict space weather. The physics-based MAGE simulation reproduced the storm-time atmospheric density enhancement much better than empirical or standalone ionosphere-thermosphere models, emphasizing the need for fully-coupled whole-of-geospace models for predicting space weather events. || ", "release_date": "2023-12-11T09:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-05-13T14:44:14.429234-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 1087820, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005100/a005193/multiField_11-30-2023a_magnetosphere_anim_3x3Hyperwall.01500_print.jpg", "filename": "multiField_11-30-2023a_magnetosphere_anim_3x3Hyperwall.01500_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation demonstrates the Earth’s magnetosphere being hit by a geomagnetic storm on February 3, 2020, simulated by MAGE during the storm that caused the loss of commercial satellites.The green current density shows where magnetic current is strong. Lines tracing out the magnetic field are purple in regions of weaker magnetism, and orange-yellow where the magnetic field is strongest. 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These findings reveal new information about the behavior of the material and particles that speed away from the Sun, bringing scientists closer to answering fundamental questions about the physics of our star. These animations represent five of those findings. || ", "release_date": "2019-12-04T13:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-03-16T23:28:24.418035-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 392323, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020200/a020299/SwitchbackSun_4k_0000_print.jpg", "filename": "SwitchbackSun_4k_0000_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Top-down view of Switchback Magnetic FieldsParker indicated that the solar magnetic field embedded in the solar wind flips in the direction. These reversals — dubbed \"switchbacks\" — last anywhere from a few seconds to several minutes as they flow over Parker Solar Probe. During a switchback, the magnetic field whips back on itself until it is pointed almost directly back at the Sun.Credit: NASA Goddard/CIL/Adriana Manrique Gutierrez", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 20192, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20192/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "Space Weather", "description": "This movie takes us on a space weather journey from the center of the sun to solar eruptions in the sun's atmosphere all the way to the effects of that activity near Earth. The view starts in the core of the sun where atoms fuse together to create light and energy. Next we travel toward the sun's surface, watching loops of magnetic fields rise up to break through the sun's atmosphere, the corona. In the corona is where we witness giant bursts of radiation and energy known as solar flares, as well as gigantic eruptions of solar material called coronal mass ejections or CMEs. The movie follows one of these CME's toward Earth where it impacts and compresses Earth's own protective magnetic bubble, the magnetosphere. As energy and particles from the sun funnel along magnetic field lines near Earth, they ultimately produce aurora at Earth's poles. || ", "release_date": "2012-09-20T00:01:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-06-23T00:18:22.563282-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 472119, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020100/a020192/SBP01Shot01_03_01000_print.jpg", "filename": "SBP01Shot01_03_01000_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Fusion", "width": 1024, "height": 384, "pixels": 393216 } }, { "id": 3902, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3902/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "A Coronal Mass Ejection strikes the Earth!", "description": "Energetic events on the Sun have impacts throughout the Solar System. This visualization, developed for the Dynamic Earth dome show, utilizes data from space weather models based on a real coronal mass ejection (CME) event from mid-December 2003. Particles are used to represent the flow of solar material from the Sun around the Earth. It is important to note that the flowing material of the CME are actually ions and electrons far too small to see. This visualization tries to represent the motions of these tiny particles in a form large enough for us to see. We open with a close-up view of the Earth, the particles representing the solar wind streaming around the Earth due to extended influence of the Earth's magnetic field. We pull out from the Earth and move so that we see the Sun in the distance. The enormous density enhancement in the solar wind is the coronal mass ejection. As the CME reaches the Earth, we see how effective the Earth's magnetic field is at diverting the solar material around the Earth. As the CME passes, we move earthward, and reveal the field lines representing the Earth's magnetic field, emanating from the magnetic poles and blown behind the Earth due to the influence of the solar wind. For simplicity, we have represented the Earth's magnetic field as unchanging, but it is actually very dynamic in its response to a CME or other change in the solar wind. || ", "release_date": "2012-01-24T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:19.014318-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 485540, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003900/a003902/cme.00600_web.png", "filename": "cme.00600_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This movie shows the particle flow around the Earth as the CME strikes.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } }, { "id": 10623, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10623/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Rebounding Plasma Flows in the Inner Magnetosphere", "description": "Substorms send jets of plasma careening Earthward at speeds near 600,000 miles/hour. Researchers comparing multipoint THEMIS spacecraft observations with the predictions of numerical simulations have determined the width of one such jet and determined what happened to it when it encountered the strong magnetic fields within the inner magnetosphere. Plasma jets with the width of the Earth slam into the inner magnetosphere, generating vortices with opposite senses of rotation that appear and disappear on either side of the plasma jet. These vortices become sources of field-aligned electrical currents that flow down to the Earth's ionosphere, where they generate auroral brightenings and intense magnetic field disturbances. After striking the inner magnetospheric magnetic field, the plasma jet itself bounces back and forth, losing energy each time it encounters the magnetic field, and continuing to oscillate until the flow energy is dissipated in the form of plasma heating. || ", "release_date": "2010-07-29T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-12-27T12:59:17.449775-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 491009, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010600/a010623/ReconBounce1322.01202_print.jpg", "filename": "ReconBounce1322.01202_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Reconnection bounce animation", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } ], "products": [], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }