Credit: Spectrum: JAXA/NASA/XRISM Resolve. Background: X-rays, NASA/CXC/CfA/J.Wang et al.; optical, Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, La Palma/Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope; radio, NSF/NRAO/VLA\r
Alt text: A XRISM spectrum of NGC 4151 with a multiwavelength snapshot of the galaxy in the background. \r
Descriptive text: The spectrum image is labeled, “XRISM Resolve Spectrum of NGC 4151.” It shows a graph where the bottom is labeled, “X-ray energy (keV),” with a range from 5 to 9. The left side is labeled, “X-ray brightness.” A squiggly white line starts just under halfway up the left side. It peaks at just under 6.5 keV, nearly reaching the top of the graph. Then it starts to slope gently downward, with several sharp dips around 7 keV. In the background is a dim image of galaxy NGC 4151, where the center is a whiteish blue, surrounding by clouds of red and yellow. \r
", "items": [ { "id": 426829, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 1091964, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014500/a014584/Spectrum_v4.jpg", "filename": "Spectrum_v4.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The Resolve instrument aboard XRISM (X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission) captured data from the center of galaxy NGC 4151, where a supermassive black hole is slowly consuming material from the surrounding accretion disk. The resulting spectrum reveals the presence of iron in the peak around 6.5 keV and the dips around 7 keV, light thousands of times more energetic that what our eyes can see. Background: An image of NGC 4151 constructed from a combination of X-ray, optical, and radio light. \rCredit: Spectrum: JAXA/NASA/XRISM Resolve. Background: X-rays, NASA/CXC/CfA/J.Wang et al.; optical, Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, La Palma/Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope; radio, NSF/NRAO/VLA\rAlt text: A XRISM spectrum of NGC 4151 with a multiwavelength snapshot of the galaxy in the background. \rDescriptive text: The spectrum image is labeled, “XRISM Resolve Spectrum of NGC 4151.” It shows a graph where the bottom is labeled, “X-ray energy (keV),” with a range from 5 to 9. The left side is labeled, “X-ray brightness.” A squiggly white line starts just under halfway up the left side. It peaks at just under 6.5 keV, nearly reaching the top of the graph. Then it starts to slope gently downward, with several sharp dips around 7 keV. In the background is a dim image of galaxy NGC 4151, where the center is a whiteish blue, surrounding by clouds of red and yellow. \r", "width": 2300, "height": 2050, "pixels": 4715000 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 374133, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14584/#media_group_374133", "widget": "Basic text with HTML", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "After starting science operations in February, Japan-led XRISM (X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission) studied the monster black hole at the center of galaxy NGC 4151.
XRISM’s Resolve instrument, a microcalorimeter spectrometer, captured a detailed spectrum of the area around the black hole. The peaks and dips are like chemical fingerprints that can tell scientists what elements are present and reveal clues about the fate of matter as it nears the black hole.
NGC 4151 is a spiral galaxy around 43 million light-years away in the northern constellation Canes Venatici. The supermassive black hole at its center holds more than 20 million times the Sun’s mass.
The galaxy is also active, which means its center is unusually bright and variable. Gas and dust swirling toward the black hole form an accretion disk around it and heat up through gravitational and frictional forces, creating the variability. Some of the matter on the brink of the black hole forms twin jets of particles that blast out from each side of the disk at nearly the speed of light. A puffy donut-shaped cloud of material called a torus surrounds the accretion disk.
The galaxy is uncommonly bright in X-rays, which made it an ideal early target for XRISM.
Resolve’s spectrum of NGC 4151 reveals a sharp peak at energies just under 6.5 keV (kiloelectron volts) — an emission line of iron. Astronomers think that much of the power of active galaxies comes from X-rays originating in hot, flaring regions close to the black hole. X-rays bouncing off cooler gas in the disk causes iron there to fluoresce, producing a specific X-ray peak. This allows astronomers to paint a better picture of both the disk and erupting regions much closer to the black hole.
The spectrum also shows several dips around 7 keV. Iron located in the torus caused these dips as well, although through absorption of X-rays, rather than emission, because the material there is much cooler than in the disk. All this radiation is some 2,500 times more energetic than the light we can see with our eyes.
Iron is just one element XRISM can detect. The telescope can also spot sulfur, calcium, argon, and others, depending on the source. Each tells astrophysicists something different about the cosmic phenomena scattered across the X-ray sky.
XRISM (pronounced “crism”) is led by JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) in collaboration with NASA, along with contributions from ESA (European Space Agency). It launched Sept. 6, 2023. NASA and JAXA developed Resolve.", "items": [], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 374129, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14584/#media_group_374129", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "Image of NGC 4151 X-ray spectrum. \r
Credit: JAXA/NASA/XRISM Resolve", "items": [ { "id": 426830, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 1091961, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014500/a014584/Resolve_NGC4151_Spectrum.jpg", "filename": "Resolve_NGC4151_Spectrum.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Image of NGC 4151 X-ray spectrum. \rCredit: JAXA/NASA/XRISM Resolve", "width": 2397, "height": 2057, "pixels": 4930629 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 374130, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14584/#media_group_374130", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "This composite image shows the central region of the spiral galaxy NGC 4151. In the center, X-rays (blue) from the Chandra X-ray Observatory are combined with optical data (yellow) showing positively charged hydrogen from observations with the 1-meter Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope on La Palma in the Canary Islands. The red around the center shows neutral hydrogen detected by radio observations with the National Science Foundation's Very Large Array in New Mexico. This neutral hydrogen is part of a structure near the center of NGC 4151 that has been distorted by gravitational interactions with the rest of the galaxy and includes material falling toward the center of the galaxy. The yellow blobs around the red ellipse are regions where star formation has recently occurred.\r
Credit: X-rays, NASA/CXC/CfA/J.Wang et al.; optical, Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, La Palma/Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope; radio, NSF/NRAO/VLA\r
", "items": [ { "id": 426831, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 1091962, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014500/a014584/n4151_lg.jpg", "filename": "n4151_lg.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This composite image shows the central region of the spiral galaxy NGC 4151. In the center, X-rays (blue) from the Chandra X-ray Observatory are combined with optical data (yellow) showing positively charged hydrogen from observations with the 1-meter Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope on La Palma in the Canary Islands. The red around the center shows neutral hydrogen detected by radio observations with the National Science Foundation's Very Large Array in New Mexico. This neutral hydrogen is part of a structure near the center of NGC 4151 that has been distorted by gravitational interactions with the rest of the galaxy and includes material falling toward the center of the galaxy. The yellow blobs around the red ellipse are regions where star formation has recently occurred.\rCredit: X-rays, NASA/CXC/CfA/J.Wang et al.; optical, Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, La Palma/Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope; radio, NSF/NRAO/VLA\r", "width": 3600, "height": 3600, "pixels": 12960000 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 374131, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14584/#media_group_374131", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "This artist’s concept shows the possible locations of iron revealed in XRISM’s X-ray spectrum of NGC 4151. Scientists think X-ray-emitting iron is in the hot accretion disk, close to the black hole. The X-ray-absorbing iron may be farther away, in a cooler cloud of material called a torus. \r
Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab\r
Alt text: A labeled diagram showing key components of an active galaxy.\r
Descriptive text: This image shows the center of an active galaxy. The black hole is hidden within the bright yellow-white region at center. It’s labeled “Black Hole: Object 20 million times the Sun’s mass at the galaxy’s center.” The black hole is surrounded by a yellow and orange structure. It’s labeled, “Accretion Disk: Flattened, swirling, superheated cloud where iron emits X-rays.” This, in turn, is embedded within a circular dark cloud. It’s labeled, “Torus: Cooler, puffy, donut-shaped cloud where iron absorbs X-rays.” A white line extends from just above the black hole to the picture’s top edge. It’s labeled, “Jet: Beam of particles moving at near light speed.” A scale bar stretching from the black hole to the torus reads \"5 light-years.\"\r
", "items": [ { "id": 426840, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 1091967, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014500/a014584/Labeled_Black_Hole_v9.jpg", "filename": "Labeled_Black_Hole_v9.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This artist’s concept shows the possible locations of iron revealed in XRISM’s X-ray spectrum of NGC 4151. Scientists think X-ray-emitting iron is in the hot accretion disk, close to the black hole. The X-ray-absorbing iron may be farther away, in a cooler cloud of material called a torus. \rCredit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab\rAlt text: A labeled diagram showing key components of an active galaxy.\rDescriptive text: This image shows the center of an active galaxy. The black hole is hidden within the bright yellow-white region at center. It’s labeled “Black Hole: Object 20 million times the Sun’s mass at the galaxy’s center.” The black hole is surrounded by a yellow and orange structure. It’s labeled, “Accretion Disk: Flattened, swirling, superheated cloud where iron emits X-rays.” This, in turn, is embedded within a circular dark cloud. It’s labeled, “Torus: Cooler, puffy, donut-shaped cloud where iron absorbs X-rays.” A white line extends from just above the black hole to the picture’s top edge. It’s labeled, “Jet: Beam of particles moving at near light speed.” A scale bar stretching from the black hole to the torus reads \"5 light-years.\"\r", "width": 2500, "height": 1400, "pixels": 3500000 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 374132, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14584/#media_group_374132", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "Same as the above, but without labels. \r
Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab\r
", "items": [ { "id": 426867, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 1091980, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014500/a014584/Blazar.00550_print.jpg", "filename": "Blazar.00550_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Same as the above, but without labels. \rCredit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab\r", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 426828, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 1091965, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014500/a014584/Blazar.00550.png", "filename": "Blazar.00550.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Same as the above, but without labels. \rCredit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab\r", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } }, { "id": 426868, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 1091981, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014500/a014584/Blazar.00550_searchweb.png", "filename": "Blazar.00550_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Same as the above, but without labels. \rCredit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab\r", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } }, { "id": 426869, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 1091982, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014500/a014584/Blazar.00550_thm.png", "filename": "Blazar.00550_thm.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Same as the above, but without labels. \rCredit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab\r", "width": 80, "height": 40, "pixels": 3200 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 374134, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14584/#media_group_374134", "widget": "Basic text", "title": "For More Information", "caption": "", "description": "See [https://science.nasa.gov/missions/xrism/nasa-jaxa-xrism-spots-iron-fingerprints-in-nearby-active-galaxy/](https://science.nasa.gov/missions/xrism/nasa-jaxa-xrism-spots-iron-fingerprints-in-nearby-active-galaxy/)", "items": [], "extra_data": {} } ], "studio": "gms", "funding_sources": [ "PAO" ], "credits": [ { "role": "Producer", "people": [ { "name": "Sophia Roberts", "employer": "Advocates in Manpower Management, Inc." } ] }, { "role": "Technical support", "people": [ { "name": "Aaron E. Lepsch", "employer": "ADNET Systems, Inc." } ] }, { "role": "Science writer", "people": [ { "name": "Jeanette Kazmierczak", "employer": "University of Maryland College Park" }, { "name": "Francis Reddy", "employer": "University of Maryland College Park" } ] } ], "missions": [ "XRISM" ], "series": [ "Astrophysics Features" ], "tapes": [], "papers": [], "datasets": [], "nasa_science_categories": [ "Universe" ], "keywords": [ "Ast", "Astrophysics", "Black Hole", "Galaxy", "Space", "Universe", "X-ray", "XRISM" ], "recommended_pages": [], "related": [ { "id": 14968, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14968/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "XRISM Clocks Hot Wind of Galaxy M82", "description": "The Resolve instrument aboard the XRISM (X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission) spacecraft captured data revealing the velocity of the hot wind at the center of starburst galaxy M82. The energy range of iron emission lines show that the gas moves around 2 million miles (about 3 million kilometers) per hour. Inset: XRISM Xtend instrument’s image of M82.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, JAXA/NASA, XRISM Collaboration et al. 2026Alt text: Spectrum and image of galaxy M82Image description: This image is labeled, “XRISM Resolve Measures the Hot Wind of Starburst Galaxy M82.” It shows a graph where the bottom is labeled, “X-ray energy (keV),” with a range from 2 to 9. The left side is labeled “X-ray brightness.” A squiggly white line starts near the bottom of the left side. Several peaks are labeled, including silicon, sulfur, argon, and calcium. Four peaks are identified as iron. In the upper right corner, a small inset shows an image that looks like a purple pansy with a yellow center. || v3_XRISM_Resolve_M82.jpg (4412x2993) [2.6 MB] || v3_XRISM_Resolve_M82_searchweb.png (320x180) [46.6 KB] || v3_XRISM_Resolve_M82_thm.png (80x40) [4.6 KB] || ", "release_date": "2026-03-25T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2026-03-25T12:01:25-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 1202714, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014900/a014968/v3_XRISM_Resolve_M82_searchweb.png", "filename": "v3_XRISM_Resolve_M82_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The Resolve instrument aboard the XRISM (X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission) spacecraft captured data revealing the velocity of the hot wind at the center of starburst galaxy M82. The energy range of iron emission lines show that the gas moves around 2 million miles (about 3 million kilometers) per hour. Inset: XRISM Xtend instrument’s image of M82.\r\rCredit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, JAXA/NASA, XRISM Collaboration et al. 2026\r\rAlt text: Spectrum and image of galaxy M82\r\rImage description: This image is labeled, “XRISM Resolve Measures the Hot Wind of Starburst Galaxy M82.” It shows a graph where the bottom is labeled, “X-ray energy (keV),” with a range from 2 to 9. The left side is labeled “X-ray brightness.” A squiggly white line starts near the bottom of the left side. Several peaks are labeled, including silicon, sulfur, argon, and calcium. Four peaks are identified as iron. In the upper right corner, a small inset shows an image that looks like a purple pansy with a yellow center.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } }, { "id": 14868, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14868/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "XRISM Satellite X-rays Milky Way’s Sulfur in Detail", "description": "An international team of scientists have provided an unprecedented tally of elemental sulfur spread between the stars using data from the Japan-led XRISM (X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission) spacecraft.Astronomers used X-rays from two binary star systems to detect sulfur in the interstellar medium, the gas and dust found in the space between stars. It’s the first direct measurement of both sulfur’s gas and solid phases, a unique capability of X-ray spectroscopy, XRISM’s (pronounced “crism”) primary method of studying the cosmos.Using ultraviolet light, researchers have found gaseous sulfur in the space between stars. In denser parts of the interstellar medium, such as the molecular clouds where stars and planets are born, this form of sulfur quickly disappears.Scientists assume the sulfur condenses into a solid, either by combining with ice or mixing with other elements.When a doctor performs an X-ray here on Earth, they place the patient between an X-ray source and a detector. Bone and tissue absorb different amounts of the light as it travels through the patient's body, creating contrast in the detector.Scientists did something similar by picking a portion of the interstellar medium with the right density — not so thin that all the X-rays would pass through unchanged, but also not so dense that they would all be absorbed.Then they selected a bright X-ray source behind that section of the medium, a binary star system called GX 340+0 located over 35,000 light-years away in the southern constellation Scorpius.Using the Resolve instrument on XRISM, the researchers were able to measure the energy of GX 340+0’s X-rays and determined that sulfur was present not only as a gas, but also as a solid, possibly mixed with iron.Iron-sulfur compounds are often found in meteorites, so scientists have long thought they might be one way sulfur solidifies out of molecular clouds to travel through the universe. XRISM’s observations could match a few of these compounds — pyrrhotite, troilite, and pyrite, which is sometimes called fool’s gold.The researchers were also able to use measurements from a second X-ray binary called 4U 1630-472 that helped confirm their findings. || ", "release_date": "2025-07-23T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-07-23T11:18:33-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 1157083, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014800/a014868/GX_340+0_DECaPS_print.jpg", "filename": "GX_340+0_DECaPS_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This composite shows a section of the interstellar medium scientists X-rayed for sulfur using the Japan-led XRISM (X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission). X-ray binary GX 340+0 is the blue dot in the center. The composite contains a blend of imagery in X-rays (represented in deep blue), infrared, and light.Credit: DSS/DECaPS/eRosita/NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterAlt text: Optical, infrared, and X-ray composite image of a portion of the interstellar gas and dust with an X-ray source at the centerImage description: A bright blue dot is at the center of this star field. Yellow, red, blue, and white dots speckle the rest of the image, some buried in green-tinted swirls of dust.", "width": 1024, "height": 603, "pixels": 617472 } }, { "id": 14463, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14463/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "XRISM Mission Captures Unmatched Data With Just 36 Pixels", "description": "Watch to learn more about how the Resolve instrument aboard XRISM captures extraordinary data on the make-up of galaxy clusters, exploded stars, and more using only 36 pixels.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterMusic: \"Stop and Hide\" and \"Wading Through\" from Universal Production MusicWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available. || XRISM_36_Pixels_Still.jpg (1920x1080) [959.9 KB] || XRISM_36_Pixels_Still_searchweb.png (320x180) [94.7 KB] || XRISM_36_Pixels_Still_thm.png (80x40) [7.0 KB] || 14463_XRISM_36Pixels_Good.mp4 (1920x1080) [148.9 MB] || 14463_XRISM_36Pixels_Best.mp4 (1920x1080) [514.8 MB] || 14463_XRISM_36Pixels_Captions.en_US.srt [4.6 KB] || 14463_XRISM_36Pixels_Captions.en_US.vtt [4.4 KB] || 14463_XRISM_36Pixels_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [2.4 GB] || ", "release_date": "2024-04-30T11:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-04-26T12:18:10.001194-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 1091669, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014400/a014463/XRISM_36_Pixels_Still.jpg", "filename": "XRISM_36_Pixels_Still.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Watch to learn more about how the Resolve instrument aboard XRISM captures extraordinary data on the make-up of galaxy clusters, exploded stars, and more using only 36 pixels.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterMusic: \"Stop and Hide\" and \"Wading Through\" from Universal Production MusicWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 14492, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14492/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "XRISM Reveals Its First Look at X-ray Cosmos", "description": "XRISM’s Resolve instrument captured data from supernova remnant N132D in the Large Magellanic Cloud to create the most detailed X-ray spectrum of the object ever made. The spectrum reveals peaks associated with silicon, sulfur, argon, calcium, and iron. Inset at right is an image of N132D captured by XRISM’s Xtend instrument.Credit: JAXA/NASA/XRISM Resolve and Xtend || Resolve_N132D_Spectrum.jpg (3840x2395) [1.0 MB] || Resolve_N132D_Spectrum_searchweb.png (320x180) [45.7 KB] || Resolve_N132D_Spectrum_thm.png (80x40) [4.7 KB] || ", "release_date": "2024-01-05T08:50:00-05:00", "update_date": "2024-01-04T14:59:46.354457-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 1088374, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014400/a014492/Resolve_N132D_Spectrum_searchweb.png", "filename": "Resolve_N132D_Spectrum_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "XRISM’s Resolve instrument captured data from supernova remnant N132D in the Large Magellanic Cloud to create the most detailed X-ray spectrum of the object ever made. The spectrum reveals peaks associated with silicon, sulfur, argon, calcium, and iron. Inset at right is an image of N132D captured by XRISM’s Xtend instrument.\r\rCredit: JAXA/NASA/XRISM Resolve and Xtend", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } }, { "id": 12956, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12956/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Spectroscopy, Explained", "description": "Video producer Sophia Roberts explains the basic principles behind spectroscopy, the science of reading light to determine the size, distance, spin and chemical composition of distant objects in space. Complete transcript available.Music Credits:Universal Production MusicOxygenate the Idea – by Amon Turner, Banksman, Eben StoneJungle Bounce – by Siddharth NadkarniSilent Patient – by Paul Reeves Background Story - by Peter LarsenData Dynamism – by Florian Moenks and Aron Wright Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || Spectroscopy,_Explained_Thumbnail.jpg (3840x2160) [2.2 MB] || Spectroscopy,_Explained_Thumbnail_searchweb.png (320x180) [75.1 KB] || Spectroscopy,_Explained_Thumbnail_thm.png (80x40) [6.3 KB] || Spectroscopy,_Explained_Final_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [412.9 MB] || SpectroscopyExplainedAdjustedCaptions.en_US.srt [11.1 KB] || SpectroscopyExplainedAdjustedCaptions.en_US.vtt [10.5 KB] || Spectroscopy_Explained.webm (3840x2160) [125.6 MB] || Spectroscopy_Explained.mp4 (3840x2160) [1.1 GB] || Spectroscopy,_Explained_Final_Best_4k.mp4 (3840x2160) [2.5 GB] || Spectroscopy,_Explained_Final_ProRes.mov (3840x2160) [43.3 GB] || ", "release_date": "2023-08-15T10:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-08-16T11:38:05.774843-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 857731, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012900/a012956/Spectroscopy,_Explained_Thumbnail_searchweb.png", "filename": "Spectroscopy,_Explained_Thumbnail_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Video producer Sophia Roberts explains the basic principles behind spectroscopy, the science of reading light to determine the size, distance, spin and chemical composition of distant objects in space. Complete transcript available.Music Credits:Universal Production MusicOxygenate the Idea – by Amon Turner, Banksman, Eben Stone\rJungle Bounce – by Siddharth NadkarniSilent Patient – by Paul Reeves \rBackground Story - by Peter Larsen\rData Dynamism – by Florian Moenks and Aron Wright\r Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } }, { "id": 14244, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14244/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "XRISM Resolve Animation", "description": "This animation illustrates how the microcalorimeter array at the heart of XRISM's revolutionary Resolve soft X-ray spectrometer works. X-ray light collected by a telescope strikes the detector. Each photon heats the material by an amount directly proportional to its energy. The instrument, which is cooled to 50 millikelvins, just above absolute zero, detects this minute temperature change.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center || XRISM_Calorimeter-STILL_print.jpg (1024x576) [64.0 KB] || XRISM_Calorimeter-STILL.jpg (3840x2160) [716.3 KB] || XRISM_Calorimeter-STILL_searchweb.png (320x180) [55.3 KB] || XRISM_Calorimeter-STILL_thm.png (80x40) [5.5 KB] || XRISM_Calorimeter-STILL_web.png (320x180) [55.3 KB] || XRISM_Calorimeter-STILL.tiff (3840x2160) [63.3 MB] || XRISM_Calorimeter_Simple_ProRes_3840x2160_60.mov (3840x2160) [1.8 GB] || 3840x2160_16x9_60p (3840x2160) [64.0 KB] || XRISM_Calorimeter_Simple-H264_Best_3840x2160_5994.mov (3840x2160) [448.6 MB] || XRISM_Calorimeter_Simple-H264_Good_3840x2160_2997.mov (3840x2160) [27.1 MB] || XRISM_Calorimeter_Simple_ProRes_3840x2160_60.webm (3840x2160) [4.9 MB] || ", "release_date": "2022-11-25T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2022-11-18T16:39:27.014445-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 368140, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014200/a014244/XRISM_Calorimeter-STILL_print.jpg", "filename": "XRISM_Calorimeter-STILL_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation illustrates how the microcalorimeter array at the heart of XRISM's revolutionary Resolve soft X-ray spectrometer works. X-ray light collected by a telescope strikes the detector. Each photon heats the material by an amount directly proportional to its energy. The instrument, which is cooled to 50 millikelvins, just above absolute zero, detects this minute temperature change.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }