{ "id": 14463, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14463/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "XRISM Mission Captures Unmatched Data With Just 36 Pixels", "description": "Watch to learn more about how the Resolve instrument aboard XRISM captures extraordinary data on the make-up of galaxy clusters, exploded stars, and more using only 36 pixels.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterMusic: \"Stop and Hide\" and \"Wading Through\" from Universal Production MusicWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available. || XRISM_36_Pixels_Still.jpg (1920x1080) [959.9 KB] || XRISM_36_Pixels_Still_searchweb.png (320x180) [94.7 KB] || XRISM_36_Pixels_Still_thm.png (80x40) [7.0 KB] || 14463_XRISM_36Pixels_Good.mp4 (1920x1080) [148.9 MB] || 14463_XRISM_36Pixels_Best.mp4 (1920x1080) [514.8 MB] || 14463_XRISM_36Pixels_Captions.en_US.srt [4.6 KB] || 14463_XRISM_36Pixels_Captions.en_US.vtt [4.4 KB] || 14463_XRISM_36Pixels_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [2.4 GB] || ", "release_date": "2024-04-30T11:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-04-26T12:18:10.001194-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 1091669, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014400/a014463/XRISM_36_Pixels_Still.jpg", "filename": "XRISM_36_Pixels_Still.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Watch to learn more about how the Resolve instrument aboard XRISM captures extraordinary data on the make-up of galaxy clusters, exploded stars, and more using only 36 pixels.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterMusic: \"Stop and Hide\" and \"Wading Through\" from Universal Production MusicWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 }, "main_video": null, "main_credits": {}, "progress": "Complete", "media_groups": [ { "id": 373985, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14463/#media_group_373985", "widget": "Video player", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "Watch to learn more about how the Resolve instrument aboard XRISM captures extraordinary data on the make-up of galaxy clusters, exploded stars, and more using only 36 pixels.

Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center

Music: \"Stop and Hide\" and \"Wading Through\" from Universal Production Music

Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.

Complete transcript available.

", "items": [ { "id": 425919, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 1091669, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014400/a014463/XRISM_36_Pixels_Still.jpg", "filename": "XRISM_36_Pixels_Still.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Watch to learn more about how the Resolve instrument aboard XRISM captures extraordinary data on the make-up of galaxy clusters, exploded stars, and more using only 36 pixels.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterMusic: \"Stop and Hide\" and \"Wading Through\" from Universal Production MusicWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 425920, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 1091670, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014400/a014463/XRISM_36_Pixels_Still_searchweb.png", "filename": "XRISM_36_Pixels_Still_searchweb.png", 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the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.", "width": 0, "height": 0, "pixels": null } }, { "id": 425213, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 1091335, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014400/a014463/14463_XRISM_36Pixels_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.mov", "filename": "14463_XRISM_36Pixels_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.mov", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Watch to learn more about how the Resolve instrument aboard XRISM captures extraordinary data on the make-up of galaxy clusters, exploded stars, and more using only 36 pixels.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterMusic: \"Stop and Hide\" and \"Wading Through\" from Universal Production MusicWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.", "width": 0, "height": 0, "pixels": null } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 373976, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14463/#media_group_373976", "widget": "Basic text with HTML", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "At a time when phone cameras are capable of taking snapshots with millions of pixels, an instrument on the Japan-led XRISM (X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission) captures revolutionary science with just 36 of them.

That may sound impossible, but it’s true.
\t
XRISM (pronounced “crism”) is led by JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) in collaboration with NASA, along with contributions from ESA (European Space Agency). It launched into orbit last September and has been scrutinizing the cosmos ever since. The mission detects “soft” X-rays, which have energies up to 5,000 times greater than visible light. It will probe the universe’s hottest regions, largest structures, and objects with the strongest gravity, like supermassive black holes in the cores of distant galaxies.

XRISM accomplishes this with an instrument named Resolve. Resolve's detector takes the temperature of each X-ray that strikes it. Astronomers call Resolve a microcalorimeter spectrometer because each of its 36 pixels measures the tiny amount of heat delivered by each incoming X-ray. This lets astronomers see the chemical fingerprints of elements making up the sources in unprecedented detail.

In order to accomplish this, the entire detector must be chilled to 459.58 degrees below zero Fahrenheit (minus 273.1 degrees Celsius), just a whisker above absolute zero.

The instrument is so precise it can detect the motions of elements within a target, effectively providing a 3D view. Gas moving toward us glows at slightly higher energies than normal, while gas moving away from us emits slightly lower energies. This will, for example, allow scientists to better understand the flow of hot gas within clusters of galaxies and to track the movement of different elements in the debris of supernova explosions.

Resolve is taking astronomers into a new era of cosmic exploration — and with only three-dozen pixels.", "items": [], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 373987, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14463/#media_group_373987", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "The square structure at the center of this image shows the 6-by-6-pixel microcalorimeter array at the heart of Resolve, an instrument on XRISM (X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission). The device produces a spectrum of X-ray sources between 400 and 12,000 electron volts — up to 5,000 times the energy of visible light — with unprecedented detail.

Credit: NASA/XRISM/Caroline Kilbourne

Visual description: Thirty-six gray pixels form a square at the center of a structure colored gold and dark gray. Light gray lines extend from the pixels to a border with rectangular connections and golden arcs. The word “NASA” is imprinted in light gray in the upper left corner.

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Grids superposed on a multiwavelength image of the remnant represent the fields of view of two Resolve measurements made in December 2023. Each square represents one pixel of Resolve’s detector. Weaker evidence of potassium (yellow squares) in the west suggests that the original star may have had underlying asymmetries before it exploded. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center; X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO; Optical: NASA/ESA/STScI; IR: NASA/ESA/CSA/STScI/Milisavljevic et al., NASA/JPL/CalTech; Image Processing: NASA/CXC/SAO/J. Schmidt and K. ArcandAlt text: The Cassiopeia A supernova remnant with the XRISM Resolve fields of viewImage description: Supernova remnant Cassiopeia A appears as a large circular object outlined by electric blue filaments, set against a black background. Strings of vibrant colors weave throughout, with blue representing Chandra data, red, green, and blue representing Webb data, and Hubble data showing a multitude of stars that dot the view. Two nearly square grids are laid on top of the remnant slightly overlapping. The upper grid has six squares filled yellow, representing weaker evidence for potassium. In the opposite corner of that grid, five squares are filled green, representing a positive potassium detection. The lower grid has six boxes filled green in a wide M-like shape. The image is labeled “North” at the top center, “West” on the right, and “Southeast” to the left. || cas_a_with_resolve_1.png (800x645) [96.7 KB] || cas_a_with_resolve_1_print.jpg (1024x825) [125.5 KB] || cas_a_with_resolve_1_searchweb.png (320x180) [120.5 KB] || cas_a_with_resolve_1_web.png (320x258) [161.2 KB] || cas_a_with_resolve_1_thm.png (80x40) [7.6 KB] || ", "release_date": "2025-12-04T09:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-12-03T10:39:52.459701-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 1159933, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014900/a014933/cas_a_with_resolve_1_print.jpg", "filename": "cas_a_with_resolve_1_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Observations of the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant by the Resolve instrument aboard the NASA-JAXA XRISM (X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission) spacecraft revealed strong evidence for potassium (green squares) in the southeast and northern parts of the remnant. Grids superposed on a multiwavelength image of the remnant represent the fields of view of two Resolve measurements made in December 2023. Each square represents one pixel of Resolve’s detector. Weaker evidence of potassium (yellow squares) in the west suggests that the original star may have had underlying asymmetries before it exploded. \rCredit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center; X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO; Optical: NASA/ESA/STScI; IR: NASA/ESA/CSA/STScI/Milisavljevic et al., NASA/JPL/CalTech; Image Processing: NASA/CXC/SAO/J. Schmidt and K. Arcand\rAlt text: The Cassiopeia A supernova remnant with the XRISM Resolve fields of view\rImage description: Supernova remnant Cassiopeia A appears as a large circular object outlined by electric blue filaments, set against a black background. Strings of vibrant colors weave throughout, with blue representing Chandra data, red, green, and blue representing Webb data, and Hubble data showing a multitude of stars that dot the view. Two nearly square grids are laid on top of the remnant slightly overlapping. The upper grid has six squares filled yellow, representing weaker evidence for potassium. In the opposite corner of that grid, five squares are filled green, representing a positive potassium detection. The lower grid has six boxes filled green in a wide M-like shape. The image is labeled “North” at the top center, “West” on the right, and “Southeast” to the left.", "width": 1024, "height": 825, "pixels": 844800 } }, { "id": 14707, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14707/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "XRISM's Resolve Instrument Gazes into Cygnus X-3", "description": "Cygnus X-3 is a high-mass X-ray binary system consisting of a compact object (likely a black hole) and a Wolf-Rayet star. This artist's concept shows one interpretation of the system. High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy indicates two gas components: a heavy background outflow, or wind, produced by the massive star and a turbulent structure — perhaps a wake carved into the wind — located close to the orbiting companion. As shown here, a black hole's gravity captures some of the wind into an accretion disk around it, and the disk's orbital motion sculpts a path (yellow arc) through the streaming gas. During strong outbursts, the companion emits jets of particles moving near the speed of light, seen here extending above and below the black hole.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterAlt text: Illustration of the Cygnus X-3 systemImage description: On a cloudy reddish background, a bright blue-white circle — a representation of a hot, bright, massive star — sits near the center. Wisps of blue-white border its edges, and many lines of similar color radiate from it. In the foreground at about 4 o’clock lies a yellowish ring with a black hole in its center. From the ring trails a diffuse yellow arc, sweeping from right to left and exiting at the bottom of the illustration. Extending above and below the black hole are two blue-white triangles representing particle jets. || Cyg_X-3_illustration_4K.jpg (3840x2160) [505.1 KB] || Cyg_X-3_illustration_4K_print.jpg (1024x576) [58.5 KB] || Cyg_X-3_illustration_4K_searchweb.png (320x180) [64.7 KB] || Cyg_X-3_illustration_4K_web.png (320x180) [64.7 KB] || Cyg_X-3_illustration_4K_thm.png (80x40) [6.1 KB] || ", "release_date": "2024-11-25T11:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-01-21T16:24:41.674202-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 1103695, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014700/a014707/Cyg_X3_spectrum_sml.png", "filename": "Cyg_X3_spectrum_sml.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "XRISM’s Resolve instrument has captured the most detailed X-ray spectrum yet acquired of Cygnus X-3. Peaks indicate X-rays emitted by ionized gases, and valleys form where the gases absorb X-rays; many lines are also shifted to both higher and lower energies by gas motions. Top: The full Resolve spectrum, from 2 to 8 keV (kiloelectron volts), tracks X-rays with thousands of times the energy of visible light. Some lines are labeled with the names of the elements that produced them, such as sulfur, argon, and calcium, along with Roman numerals that refer to the number of electrons these atoms have lost. Bottom: A zoom into a region of the spectrum often dominated by features produced by transitions in the innermost electron shell (K shell) of iron atoms. These features form when the atoms interact with high-energy X-rays or electrons and respond by emitting a photon at energies between 6.4 and 7 keV. These details, clearly visible for the first time with XRISM’s Resolve instrument, will help astronomers refine their understanding of this unusual system.Credit: JAXA/NASA/XRISM CollaborationAlt text: XRISM Resolve X-ray spectrum of Cygnus X-3 Image description: Two graphs appear on a dark blue background. The text at the top reads “XRISM Resolve Spectrum of Cygnus X-3.” The top graph, which takes up the upper third of the image, has a lighter blue background that darkens from top to bottom, an even brighter squiggly line that arcs across the graph, and yellow text such as “Sulfur XV” and Calcium XX.” X-ray brightness increases from bottom to top, and X-ray energy (measured in thousands of electron volts, or keV) increases from left to right. An orange box labeled “Area of detail” surrounds a series of peaks and valleys near the right end and identifies the region shown in the bottom graph. The lower chart is labeled “Iron K-alpha region” and shows prominent emission and absorption features produced by iron. ", "width": 1028, "height": 800, "pixels": 822400 } }, { "id": 14584, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14584/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "XRISM Spots Iron Fingerprints in Nearby Active Galaxy", "description": "The Resolve instrument aboard XRISM (X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission) captured data from the center of galaxy NGC 4151, where a supermassive black hole is slowly consuming material from the surrounding accretion disk. The resulting spectrum reveals the presence of iron in the peak around 6.5 keV and the dips around 7 keV, light thousands of times more energetic that what our eyes can see. Background: An image of NGC 4151 constructed from a combination of X-ray, optical, and radio light. Credit: Spectrum: JAXA/NASA/XRISM Resolve. Background: X-rays, NASA/CXC/CfA/J.Wang et al.; optical, Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, La Palma/Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope; radio, NSF/NRAO/VLAAlt text: A XRISM spectrum of NGC 4151 with a multiwavelength snapshot of the galaxy in the background. Descriptive text: The spectrum image is labeled, “XRISM Resolve Spectrum of NGC 4151.” It shows a graph where the bottom is labeled, “X-ray energy (keV),” with a range from 5 to 9. The left side is labeled, “X-ray brightness.” A squiggly white line starts just under halfway up the left side. It peaks at just under 6.5 keV, nearly reaching the top of the graph. Then it starts to slope gently downward, with several sharp dips around 7 keV. In the background is a dim image of galaxy NGC 4151, where the center is a whiteish blue, surrounding by clouds of red and yellow. || Spectrum_v4.jpg (2300x2050) [426.6 KB] || ", "release_date": "2024-05-08T09:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-05-08T09:24:27.637621-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 1091980, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014500/a014584/Blazar.00550_print.jpg", "filename": "Blazar.00550_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Same as the above, but without labels. \rCredit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab\r", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 14244, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14244/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "XRISM Resolve Animation", "description": "This animation illustrates how the microcalorimeter array at the heart of XRISM's revolutionary Resolve soft X-ray spectrometer works. X-ray light collected by a telescope strikes the detector. Each photon heats the material by an amount directly proportional to its energy. The instrument, which is cooled to 50 millikelvins, just above absolute zero, detects this minute temperature change.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center || XRISM_Calorimeter-STILL_print.jpg (1024x576) [64.0 KB] || XRISM_Calorimeter-STILL.jpg (3840x2160) [716.3 KB] || XRISM_Calorimeter-STILL_searchweb.png (320x180) [55.3 KB] || XRISM_Calorimeter-STILL_thm.png (80x40) [5.5 KB] || XRISM_Calorimeter-STILL_web.png (320x180) [55.3 KB] || XRISM_Calorimeter-STILL.tiff (3840x2160) [63.3 MB] || XRISM_Calorimeter_Simple_ProRes_3840x2160_60.mov (3840x2160) [1.8 GB] || 3840x2160_16x9_60p (3840x2160) [64.0 KB] || XRISM_Calorimeter_Simple-H264_Best_3840x2160_5994.mov (3840x2160) [448.6 MB] || XRISM_Calorimeter_Simple-H264_Good_3840x2160_2997.mov (3840x2160) [27.1 MB] || XRISM_Calorimeter_Simple_ProRes_3840x2160_60.webm (3840x2160) [4.9 MB] || ", "release_date": "2022-11-25T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2022-11-18T16:39:27.014445-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 368140, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014200/a014244/XRISM_Calorimeter-STILL_print.jpg", "filename": "XRISM_Calorimeter-STILL_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation illustrates how the microcalorimeter array at the heart of XRISM's revolutionary Resolve soft X-ray spectrometer works. X-ray light collected by a telescope strikes the detector. Each photon heats the material by an amount directly proportional to its energy. The instrument, which is cooled to 50 millikelvins, just above absolute zero, detects this minute temperature change.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [ { "id": 14792, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14792/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Astrophysics Missions Vertical Video", "description": "This page collects vertical videos related to specific Astrophysics missions and their hardware or capabilities.", "release_date": "2025-05-27T20:57:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-05-27T20:57:22.513652-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 1140948, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014700/a014754/Pandora_thumbnail_art_vert.jpg", "filename": "Pandora_thumbnail_art_vert.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Watch to learn more about NASA's Pandora mission, which will revolutionize the study of exoplanet atmospheres. Vertical version of the video.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight CenterMusic: “Mesmeric Thoughts,” Andrew Michael Hewitt [PRS], Universal Production MusicComplete transcript available.", "width": 1080, "height": 1920, "pixels": 2073600 } } ], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }