Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
Music Credits: Universal Production Music
Lights On by Hugh Robert Edwin Wilkinson
Dreams by Jez Fox and Rohan Jones
Changing Tide by Rob Manning
Wandering Imagination by Joel Goodman
In Unison by Samuel Sim
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learn more about XRISM (X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission), a collaboration between JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) and NASA.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight CenterMusic Credits: Universal Production MusicLights On by Hugh Robert Edwin Wilkinson Dreams by Jez Fox and Rohan JonesChanging Tide by Rob ManningWandering Imagination by Joel GoodmanIn Unison by Samuel Sim", "width": 80, "height": 40, "pixels": 3200 } }, { "id": 398079, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 858111, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014400/a014405/XRISM_Exploring_the_Hidden_Xray_Cosmos.mov", "filename": "XRISM_Exploring_the_Hidden_Xray_Cosmos.mov", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Watch this video to learn more about XRISM (X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission), a collaboration between JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) and NASA.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight CenterMusic Credits: Universal Production MusicLights 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A powerful satellite called XRISM (X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission) is set to provide astronomers with a revolutionary look at the X-ray sky.
XRISM is led by JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) in collaboration with NASA and with contributions from ESA (European Space Agency).
XRISM detects X-rays with energies ranging from 400 to 12,000 electron volts. (For comparison, the energy of visible light is 2 to 3 electron volts.)
This range will provide astrophysicists with new information about some of the universe’s hottest regions, largest structures, and objects with the strongest gravity.
The mission has two instruments, Resolve and Xtend.
Resolve is a microcalorimeter spectrometer developed in collaboration between JAXA and NASA. When an X-ray hits Resolve’s 6-by-6-pixel detector, its energy causes a tiny increase in temperature. By measuring each individual X-ray’s energy, the instrument provides information about the source, such as its composition, motion, and physical state.
To detect these tiny temperature changes, Resolve must operate at just a fraction of a degree above absolute zero. It reaches this state in orbit after a multistage mechanical cooling process inside a refrigerator-sized container of liquid helium.
XRISM’s second instrument, Xtend, was developed by JAXA. It will give XRISM one of the largest fields of view of any X-ray imaging satellite flown to date, observing an area about 60% larger than the average apparent size of the full moon. The images it collects will complement the data collected by Resolve.
Each instrument is at the focus of an XMA (X-ray Mirror Assembly) designed and developed at Goddard.
X-ray wavelengths are so short, they can pass straight between the atoms of the dish-shaped mirrors used to capture visible, infrared, and ultraviolet light.
Instead, X-ray astronomers use nested curved mirrors turned on their sides. The X-rays skip off the surfaces like stones across a pond and into the detectors.
Each of XRISM’s XMAs houses hundreds of concentric, precisely shaped aluminum shells built in quadrants and assembled into a circle. In all, there are over 3,200 individual mirror segments in the two mirror assemblies.
After launch, XRISM will begin a months-long calibration phase, during which Resolve will reach its operating temperature.
", "items": [], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 371767, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14405/#media_group_371767", "widget": "Basic text", "title": "For More Information", "caption": "", "description": "See [https://nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2023/jaxa-nasa-xrism-mission-ready-for-liftoff](https://nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2023/jaxa-nasa-xrism-mission-ready-for-liftoff)", "items": [], "extra_data": {} } ], "studio": "gms", "funding_sources": [ "PAO" ], "credits": [ { "role": "Producer", "people": [ { "name": "Sophia Roberts", "employer": "Advocates in Manpower Management, Inc." } ] }, { "role": "Videographer", "people": [ { "name": "Rob Andreoli", "employer": "Advocates in Manpower Management, Inc." }, { "name": "Harrison Bach", "employer": "Intern" } ] }, { "role": "Production assistant", "people": [ { "name": "John D. Philyaw", "employer": "Advocates in Manpower Management, Inc." } ] }, { "role": "Animator", "people": [ { "name": "Adriana Manrique Gutierrez", "employer": "KBR Wyle Services, LLC" }, { "name": "Scott Wiessinger", "employer": "KBR Wyle Services, LLC" } ] }, { "role": "Science writer", "people": [ { "name": "Jeanette Kazmierczak", "employer": "University of Maryland College Park" } ] }, { "role": "Technical support", "people": [ { "name": "Aaron E. 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At first, the gas forms a messy, turbulent accretion disk around the pulsar, and plasma spirals down to it. But as the pulsar moves deeper into the stream, there’s not enough angular momentum to support the disk, and it breaks up. At this point, plasma falls straight onto the pulsar. Later, as the pulsar nears the end of its passage, a messy accretion disk rebuilds, this time spinning in the opposite direction of the earlier disk. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image LaboratoryAlt text: Animation of the BP Crucis system0:00 A wide view, showing the giant star, its gas stream, and the pulsar nearing it. 0:08 The camera zooms into the pulsar as it encounters the stream. 0:10 Gas flowing past the pulsar forms a clockwise-spinning accretion disk. 0:17 The disk breaks up. The gas now flows directly onto the pulsar. 0:35 As the pulsar nears the end of its passage through the stream, a new disk, spinning counterclockwise, forms. 0:51 The disk breaks up and the pulsar exits the stream. 0:52 Return to a wide view of the system. || Still2.jpg (3840x2160) [1.6 MB] || XRISM2.mp4 (1920x1080) [73.7 MB] || XRISM.en_US.srt [49 bytes] || XRISM.en_US.vtt [59 bytes] || XRISM_1.mp4 (3840x2160) [184.3 MB] || XRISM.mp4 (3840x2160) [725.6 MB] || XRISMNO_TexT.mov (3840x2160) [3.7 GB] || XRISMFinalText.mov (3840x2160) [3.9 GB] || ", "release_date": "2026-09-18T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2026-09-18T15:38:49-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 1205627, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a015000/a015099/BP_Crucis_concept_wide_large_ac_print.jpg", "filename": "BP_Crucis_concept_wide_large_ac_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "In this artist’s concept of the BP Crucis system, the city-sized pulsar GX301-2 approaches a thick stream of gas flowing away from its massive partner, the blue hypergiant Wray 977. The pulsar flares up in X-rays twice each orbit when it encounters the stream. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image LaboratoryAlt text: Artist’s concept of BP CrucisImage description: Against a hazy, star-filled sky, a brilliant bluish-white star shines near the center of this artist’s concept. From the star, at about 4 o’clock, an expanding stream of bluish gas arcs toward lower left and then sweeps toward bottom center as it moves into the foreground. Another bright star-like point, much smaller, shines near the stream, just right of the image’s center. It emits two long, thin, wedge-shaped beams of radiation. One emerges at about 2 o’clock and heads to the upper right, the other, emerging at 7 o’clock, heads toward lower left. Text reads “Artist’s concept.” ", "width": 1024, "height": 683, "pixels": 699392 } }, { "id": 14707, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14707/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "XRISM's Resolve Instrument Gazes into Cygnus X-3", "description": "Cygnus X-3 is a high-mass X-ray binary system consisting of a compact object (likely a black hole) and a Wolf-Rayet star. This artist's concept shows one interpretation of the system. High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy indicates two gas components: a heavy background outflow, or wind, produced by the massive star and a turbulent structure — perhaps a wake carved into the wind — located close to the orbiting companion. As shown here, a black hole's gravity captures some of the wind into an accretion disk around it, and the disk's orbital motion sculpts a path (yellow arc) through the streaming gas. During strong outbursts, the companion emits jets of particles moving near the speed of light, seen here extending above and below the black hole.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterAlt text: Illustration of the Cygnus X-3 systemImage description: On a cloudy reddish background, a bright blue-white circle — a representation of a hot, bright, massive star — sits near the center. Wisps of blue-white border its edges, and many lines of similar color radiate from it. In the foreground at about 4 o’clock lies a yellowish ring with a black hole in its center. From the ring trails a diffuse yellow arc, sweeping from right to left and exiting at the bottom of the illustration. Extending above and below the black hole are two blue-white triangles representing particle jets. || Cyg_X-3_illustration_4K.jpg (3840x2160) [505.1 KB] || Cyg_X-3_illustration_4K_print.jpg (1024x576) [58.5 KB] || Cyg_X-3_illustration_4K_searchweb.png (320x180) [64.7 KB] || Cyg_X-3_illustration_4K_web.png (320x180) [64.7 KB] || Cyg_X-3_illustration_4K_thm.png (80x40) [6.1 KB] || ", "release_date": "2024-11-25T11:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-01-21T16:25:27-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 1103695, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014700/a014707/Cyg_X3_spectrum_sml.png", "filename": "Cyg_X3_spectrum_sml.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "XRISM’s Resolve instrument has captured the most detailed X-ray spectrum yet acquired of Cygnus X-3. Peaks indicate X-rays emitted by ionized gases, and valleys form where the gases absorb X-rays; many lines are also shifted to both higher and lower energies by gas motions. Top: The full Resolve spectrum, from 2 to 8 keV (kiloelectron volts), tracks X-rays with thousands of times the energy of visible light. Some lines are labeled with the names of the elements that produced them, such as sulfur, argon, and calcium, along with Roman numerals that refer to the number of electrons these atoms have lost. Bottom: A zoom into a region of the spectrum often dominated by features produced by transitions in the innermost electron shell (K shell) of iron atoms. These features form when the atoms interact with high-energy X-rays or electrons and respond by emitting a photon at energies between 6.4 and 7 keV. These details, clearly visible for the first time with XRISM’s Resolve instrument, will help astronomers refine their understanding of this unusual system.Credit: JAXA/NASA/XRISM CollaborationAlt text: XRISM Resolve X-ray spectrum of Cygnus X-3 Image description: Two graphs appear on a dark blue background. The text at the top reads “XRISM Resolve Spectrum of Cygnus X-3.” The top graph, which takes up the upper third of the image, has a lighter blue background that darkens from top to bottom, an even brighter squiggly line that arcs across the graph, and yellow text such as “Sulfur XV” and Calcium XX.” X-ray brightness increases from bottom to top, and X-ray energy (measured in thousands of electron volts, or keV) increases from left to right. An orange box labeled “Area of detail” surrounds a series of peaks and valleys near the right end and identifies the region shown in the bottom graph. The lower chart is labeled “Iron K-alpha region” and shows prominent emission and absorption features produced by iron. ", "width": 1028, "height": 800, "pixels": 822400 } }, { "id": 14492, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14492/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "XRISM Reveals Its First Look at X-ray Cosmos", "description": "XRISM’s Resolve instrument captured data from supernova remnant N132D in the Large Magellanic Cloud to create the most detailed X-ray spectrum of the object ever made. The spectrum reveals peaks associated with silicon, sulfur, argon, calcium, and iron. Inset at right is an image of N132D captured by XRISM’s Xtend instrument.Credit: JAXA/NASA/XRISM Resolve and Xtend || Resolve_N132D_Spectrum.jpg (3840x2395) [1.0 MB] || Resolve_N132D_Spectrum_searchweb.png (320x180) [45.7 KB] || Resolve_N132D_Spectrum_thm.png (80x40) [4.7 KB] || ", "release_date": "2024-01-05T08:50:00-05:00", "update_date": "2024-01-04T14:59:46.354457-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 1088374, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014400/a014492/Resolve_N132D_Spectrum_searchweb.png", "filename": "Resolve_N132D_Spectrum_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "XRISM’s Resolve instrument captured data from supernova remnant N132D in the Large Magellanic Cloud to create the most detailed X-ray spectrum of the object ever made. The spectrum reveals peaks associated with silicon, sulfur, argon, calcium, and iron. Inset at right is an image of N132D captured by XRISM’s Xtend instrument.\r\rCredit: JAXA/NASA/XRISM Resolve and Xtend", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } }, { "id": 12956, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12956/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Spectroscopy, Explained", "description": "Video producer Sophia Roberts explains the basic principles behind spectroscopy, the science of reading light to determine the size, distance, spin and chemical composition of distant objects in space. 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Complete transcript available.Music Credits:Universal Production MusicOxygenate the Idea – by Amon Turner, Banksman, Eben Stone\rJungle Bounce – by Siddharth NadkarniSilent Patient – by Paul Reeves \rBackground Story - by Peter Larsen\rData Dynamism – by Florian Moenks and Aron Wright\r Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } }, { "id": 13572, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13572/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "XRISM Resolve Microcalorimeter Array Animation", "description": "This animation illustrates how the microcalorimeter array at the heart of XRISM's Resolve spectrometer works. X-ray light collected by a telescope strikes the detector. Each photon heats the material by an amount directly proportional to its energy. The instrument, which is cooled to near absolute zero, detects this minute temperature change.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center || XRISM_Resolve_Calorimeter-STILL_print.jpg (1024x576) [92.9 KB] || XRISM_Resolve_Calorimeter-STILL.png (3840x2160) [3.3 MB] || XRISM_Resolve_Calorimeter-STILL.jpg (3840x2160) [716.3 KB] || XRISM_Resolve_Calorimeter-STILL_searchweb.png (320x180) [55.5 KB] || XRISM_Resolve_Calorimeter-STILL_thm.png (80x40) [5.7 KB] || XRISM_Resolve_Calorimeter_Simple_ProRes_3840x2160_60.mov (3840x2160) [1.8 GB] || XRISM_Resolve_Calorimeter_Simple_Best_4k_60.mp4 (3840x2160) [104.0 MB] || XRISM_Resolve_Calorimeter_Simple_4k_30.mp4 (3840x2160) [67.4 MB] || XRISM_Resolve_Calorimeter_Simple-H264_Good_3840x2160_2997.mov (3840x2160) [27.1 MB] || XRISM_Resolve_Calorimeter_Simple_ProRes_3840x2160_60.webm (3840x2160) [4.9 MB] || ", "release_date": "2023-08-15T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-08-11T13:56:36.777302-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 857634, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013500/a013572/XRISM_Resolve_Calorimeter-STILL_print.jpg", "filename": "XRISM_Resolve_Calorimeter-STILL_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation illustrates how the microcalorimeter array at the heart of XRISM's Resolve spectrometer works. X-ray light collected by a telescope strikes the detector. Each photon heats the material by an amount directly proportional to its energy. The instrument, which is cooled to near absolute zero, detects this minute temperature change.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 14374, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14374/", "page_type": "Infographic", "title": "A Guide to Cosmic Temperatures", "description": "Explore the temperatures of the cosmos, from absolute zero to the hottest temperatures yet achieved, with this infographic. Targets for the XRISM mission include supernova remnants, binary systems with stellar-mass black holes, galaxies powered by supermassive black holes, and vast clusters of galaxies.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/Scott WiessingerMachine-readable PDF copy || Cosmic_Temperatures_Infographic_Final_small.jpg (1383x2048) [1.3 MB] || Cosmic_Temperatures_Infographic_Final_Full.png (5530x8192) [60.5 MB] || Cosmic_Temperatures_Infographic_Final_Full.jpg (5530x8192) [10.3 MB] || Cosmic_Temperatures_Infographic_Final_8bit.png (5530x8192) [24.5 MB] || Cosmic_Temperatures_Infographic_Final_Half.png (2765x4096) [7.0 MB] || Cosmic_Temperatures_Infographic_Final_Half.jpg (2765x4096) [4.7 MB] || ", "release_date": "2023-08-03T11:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-09-06T11:20:05-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 856133, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014300/a014374/Temperature_Infographic_Crop.jpg", "filename": "Temperature_Infographic_Crop.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Cropped image for thumbnail", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 14389, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14389/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "XRISM Additional Images", "description": "The XRISM spacecraft during acoustic testing at JAXA's Tsukuba Space Center in December 2022. These and other tests confirm that the spacecraft can withstand the severe vibrations and sounds of its rocket launch.Credit: JAXA || XRISM_Acoustic_12_23_22.jpg (2832x4240) [6.9 MB] || ", "release_date": "2023-08-01T13:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-07-31T19:53:23.924915-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 857083, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014300/a014389/XRISM_logo_searchweb.png", "filename": "XRISM_logo_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "XRISM mission mark.Credit: JAXA", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } }, { "id": 20374, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20374/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "XRISM Beauty Shots", "description": "XRISM turntable animations, available both as 4K/30 and 60 fps movies and as frames. The exposed tank behind the truss structure on the side opposite the solar panels houses the Resolve instrument.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab || XRISM_360_4k_30fps_4444ProRes.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [56.9 KB] || XRISM_360_4k_30fps_4444ProRes.00001_searchweb.png (180x320) [21.2 KB] || XRISM_360_4k_30fps_4444ProRes.00001_thm.png (80x40) [2.3 KB] || XRISM_360_4k_30fps_h264.mov (1920x1080) [25.3 MB] || XRISM_360_4k_60fps_h264.mov (1920x1080) [112.2 MB] || XRISM_360_4k_30fps (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || XRISM_360_4k_60fps (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || XRISM_360_4k_30fps_4444ProRes.webm [0 bytes] || XRISM_360_4k_30fps_h264.mp4 (3840x2160) [24.7 MB] || XRISM_360_4k_60fps_h264.mp4 (3840x2160) [73.8 MB] || XRISM_360_4k_30fps_4444ProRes.mov (3840x2160) [1.7 GB] || XRISM_360_4k_60fps_4444ProRes.mov (3840x2160) [10.0 GB] || ", "release_date": "2022-12-12T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T11:43:49.072206-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 368685, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020300/a020374/XRISM_360_4k_30fps_4444ProRes.00001_print.jpg", "filename": "XRISM_360_4k_30fps_4444ProRes.00001_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "XRISM turntable animations, available both as 4K/30 and 60 fps movies and as frames. The exposed tank behind the truss structure on the side opposite the solar panels houses the Resolve instrument.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 13280, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13280/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Assembling XRISM's X-ray Mirrors", "description": "Team members Lawrence Lozipone of Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Inc. and Yang Soong, a researcher at the University of Maryland, College Park, work with flight mirrors for the X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM). Nested aluminum mirror segments – 1,624 of them for each X-ray Mirror Assembly – focus the incoming X-rays for the satellite's science instruments. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center || XRISM_Cleanroom_B-roll_1080Still.jpg (1920x1080) [727.5 KB] || XRISM_Cleanroom_B-roll_ProRes_1920x1080_30.mov (1920x1080) [7.0 GB] || XRISM_Cleanroom_B-roll_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [991.6 MB] || XRISM_Cleanroom_B-roll_ProRes_1920x1080_30.webm (1920x1080) [52.0 MB] || ", "release_date": "2020-08-19T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:44:44.935607-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 393903, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013280/XRISM_Cleanroom_B-roll_4k_Still_print.jpg", "filename": "XRISM_Cleanroom_B-roll_4k_Still_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Shorter version of the above video.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 13530, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13530/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Mirror Quadrants for XRISM", "description": "XRISM team member Yang Soong, a researcher at the University of Maryland, College Park, displays completed mirror elements for an X-ray Mirror Assembly developed for the JAXA/NASA mission. Credit: Taylor Mickal/NASA || GSFC_20190619_XRISM_XMA_Soong_06.jpg (6000x4000) [12.7 MB] || ", "release_date": "2020-01-30T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:45:14.505303-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 387798, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013500/a013530/GSFC_20190619_XRISM_XMA_11.jpg", "filename": "GSFC_20190619_XRISM_XMA_11.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Credit: Taylor Mickal/NASA", "width": 3414, "height": 2000, "pixels": 6828000 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }