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Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center

Music: \"Shadowless\" from Universal Production Music

Watch this video on the NASA.gov Video YouTube channel.

Complete transcript available.

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The image shows how space-based gravitational wave observatories expected to launch in the next decade will enhance our understanding of our galactic home.

Since 2015, ground-based observatories have detected about a hundred events representing the mergers of systems that pair stellar-mass black holes, neutron stars, or both. The signals typically last less than a minute, have relatively low frequencies, can appear anywhere in the sky, and their sources lie far beyond our galaxy.

Binary systems also fill the Milky Way, and astronomers expect many of them to contain compact objects like white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes in tight orbits. But to \"hear\" their gravitational waves requires a space-based observatory because their frequencies are too low for ground-based detectors.

Astronomers call these systems UCBs (ultracompact binaries), and they expect that future observatories like LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna), which is led by ESA (European Space Agency) in collaboration with NASA, will detect tens of thousands of them. UCBs are typically difficult to spot – they are usually faint in visible light, and astronomers currently know of only a handful with orbital periods shorter than an hour. Discovering many new UCBs is one of LISAs main objectives.

Using data simulating the expected distribution and gravitational wave signals of these systems, the Goddard team developed a way to combine the data into an all-sky view of the galaxy’s UCBs.

This image is directly analogous to an all-sky view of the sky in a particular type of light, such as visible, infrared, or X-rays. The promise of gravitational waves is that they offer astronomers a way to observe the universe in a totally different way, something this image really brings home.", "items": [], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 371971, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14402/#media_group_371971", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "GIF version of above.

Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center

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Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center

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The dashed curve represents the expected sensitivity limit of the LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) mission now being designed by ESA (European Space Agency) in collaboration with NASA for launch in the 2030s.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center", "width": 1682, "height": 1640, "pixels": 2758480 } }, { "id": 400216, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 858595, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014400/a014402/frames/1683x1640_1x1_30p/", "filename": "1683x1640_1x1_30p", "media_type": "Frames", "alt_text": "This animated graph plots the frequency and the signal strength of gravitational waves from a simulated dataset of galactic ultracompact binaries. Colors indicate frequencies between about 0.001 and 0.01 hertz, with lighter colors representing higher frequencies. The dashed curve represents the expected sensitivity limit of the LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) mission now being designed by ESA (European Space Agency) in collaboration with NASA for launch in the 2030s.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center", "width": 1683, "height": 1640, "pixels": 2760120 } }, { "id": 400219, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 858856, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014400/a014402/LISA_AllSky_Graph.webm", "filename": "LISA_AllSky_Graph.webm", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "This animated graph plots the frequency and the signal strength of gravitational waves from a simulated dataset of galactic ultracompact binaries. Colors indicate frequencies between about 0.001 and 0.01 hertz, with lighter colors representing higher frequencies. The dashed curve represents the expected sensitivity limit of the LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) mission now being designed by ESA (European Space Agency) in collaboration with NASA for launch in the 2030s.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center", "width": 1682, "height": 1640, "pixels": 2758480 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 372079, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14402/#media_group_372079", "widget": "Basic text", "title": "For More Information", "caption": "", "description": "See [NASA.gov](https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2023/nasa-team-simulates-a-glimpse-of-our-galaxy-in-gravitational-waves)", "items": [], "extra_data": {} } ], "studio": "gms", "funding_sources": [ "NASA Astrophysics" ], "credits": [ { "role": "Visualizer", "people": [ { "name": "James Ira Thorpe", "employer": "NASA/GSFC" } ] }, { "role": "Science writer", "people": [ { "name": "Francis Reddy", "employer": "University of Maryland College Park" } ] }, { "role": "Producer", "people": [ { "name": "Scott Wiessinger", "employer": "KBR Wyle Services, LLC" } ] } ], "missions": [], "series": [ "Astrophysics Simulations", "Astrophysics Stills", "Astrophysics Visualizations", "Narrated Movies" ], "tapes": [], "papers": [ "Imaging the Milky Way with Millihertz Gravitational Waves", "Imaging the Milky Way with Millihertz Gravitational Waves" ], "datasets": [], "nasa_science_categories": [ "Universe" ], "keywords": [ "All-Sky Imaging", "Ast", "Astrophysics", "Gravitational Waves", "Milky Way" ], "recommended_pages": [], "related": [ { "id": 14955, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14955/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA Tests LISA Development Units", "description": "A prototype charge management device for the future LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) mission sits on a lab bench at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. The device will reduce the buildup of electric charge on the gold-platinum test masses that float freely inside each of the three LISA spacecraft. The University of Florida in Gainesville and Fibertek Inc. in McNair, Virginia, are developing the device. Credit: NASA/Dennis HenryAlt text: An instrument rests on a lab bench.Image description: A silver box with red and black connector caps on one side rests on a white lab bench with a blue mat on top. Three black cables connect to the box and another yellow cable curls around it. || GSFC_20250602_LISA_006584.jpg (8098x5399) [11.3 MB] || ", "release_date": "2026-01-27T09:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-02-18T10:38:59.752697-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 1196173, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014900/a014955/LISA_TVAC-9_searchweb.png", "filename": "LISA_TVAC-9_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "A prototype laser optical module for LISA rests on a table after testing at NASA Goddard. Xiaozhen Xu, an engineer with Miller Engineering and Research Corp., works in the background. The smaller box to the right is the laser electronics module. \rCredit: NASA/Sophia Roberts\rAlt text: Spacecraft components configured for testing rest on a table.\rImage description: A silver rectangular box rests on a stainless-steel table inside a clean room. It has four rows of 13 indentations in the side facing the camera. Different colored wires and optical fibers connect to the box, and a few are fixed to the side with yellow tape. To right of the silver box is a smaller box with cables in a sleeve of silver-colored material. Behind the table is a large cylindrical silver vacuum chamber with its door slightly ajar. A person in a white clean room suit works in front of the chamber. ", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }