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For one thing, our heliosphere acts as a giant shield, protecting the planets from galactic cosmic radiation. Earth is additionally shielded by its own magnetic field, the magnetosphere, which protects us not only from solar and cosmic particle radiation but also from erosion of the atmosphere by the solar wind. Planets without a shielding magnetic field, such as Mars and Venus, are exposed to such processes and have evolved differently.NASA's studies of the heliosphere include research into: how the solar wind behaves near Earth; what causes and sustains magnetic and electric fields around other planets; how does the heliosphere interact with the interstellar medium; what do the boundaries of the heliosphere look like; what is the origin and evolution of the solar wind and the interstellar cosmic rays; and what contributes to the habitability of exoplanets.The field is, therefore, intensely cross-disciplinary. Heliospheric research often works hand in hand with planetary scientists, astrophysicists, astrobiologists, and space weather researchers.NASA heliophysics missions contributing to heliospheric research are: the Advanced Composition Explorer; NOAA's Deep Space Climate Observatory, the Interstellar Boundary Explorer, the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory; Voyager, and Wind. || ", "release_date": "2022-03-09T18:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-06-23T00:18:39.136923-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 372595, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020300/a020363/H_0322_HeliopauseCycle_v01.00680_print.jpg", "filename": "H_0322_HeliopauseCycle_v01.00680_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "A conceptual animation showing the heliosphere — the vast bubble that is generated by the Sun’s magnetic field and envelops all the planets. 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