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Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and Scientific Visualization Studio

Music: \"Event Horizon\" from Gravity. Written and produced by Lars Leonhard

Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.

Complete transcript available.

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Written and produced by Lars LeonhardWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.", "label": "English", "language_code": "" } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 314707, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14149/#media_group_314707", "widget": "Basic text with HTML", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "This visualization shows 22 X-ray binaries in our Milky Way galaxy and its nearest neighbor, the Large Magellanic Cloud, that host confirmed stellar-mass black holes. The systems are shown at the same physical scale, and their orbital motion is sped up by nearly 22,000 times. The view of each binary replicates how we see it from Earth. The star colors range from blue-white to reddish, representing temperatures from 5 times hotter to 45% cooler than our Sun. \r
\r
While the black holes appear on a scale reflecting their masses, all are depicted using spheres larger than actual size. Cygnus X-1, with the largest companion star shown, is the first black hole ever confirmed and weighs about 21 times more than the Sun. But its surface – called its event horizon – spans only about 77 miles (124 kilometers). The enlarged spheres also cover up visible distortions produced by the black holes’ gravitational effects.\r
\r
In most of these systems, a stream of gas flows directly from the star toward the black hole, forming around it a broad, flattened structure called an accretion disk. In others, like Cygnus X-1, a massive star produces a thick outflow called a stellar wind, some of which becomes swept up by the black hole’s intense gravity. Gas in the accretion disk heats up as the material slowly spirals inward, glowing in visible, ultraviolet, and finally X-ray light. Because the accretion disks reach even higher temperatures than the stars, they use a different color scheme.", "items": [], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 314709, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14149/#media_group_314709", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "GIF highlighting Cygnus X-1

Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center and Scientific Visualization Studio", "items": [ { "id": 212682, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 371679, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014100/a014149/Cygnus_X-1.gif", "filename": "Cygnus_X-1.gif", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "GIF highlighting Cygnus X-1Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center and Scientific Visualization Studio", "width": 540, "height": 303, "pixels": 163620 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 314710, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14149/#media_group_314710", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "GIF highlighting V404 Cygni. See these stories for more about the 2015 eruption:
NASA Missions Monitor a Waking Black Hole
NASA's Swift Reveals a Black Hole Bull's-eye

Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center and Scientific Visualization Studio", "items": [ { "id": 212683, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 371680, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014100/a014149/V404_Cyg_v2.gif", "filename": "V404_Cyg_v2.gif", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "GIF highlighting V404 Cygni. See these stories for more about the 2015 eruption: NASA Missions Monitor a Waking Black HoleNASA's Swift Reveals a Black Hole Bull's-eyeCredit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center and Scientific Visualization Studio", "width": 540, "height": 303, "pixels": 163620 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 314711, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14149/#media_group_314711", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "GIF highlighting MAXI J1659-152.

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Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center and Scientific Visualization Studio", "items": [ { "id": 212685, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 371682, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014100/a014149/A0620.gif", "filename": "A0620.gif", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "GIF highlighting A0620-00.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center and Scientific Visualization Studio", "width": 540, "height": 303, "pixels": 163620 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 314713, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14149/#media_group_314713", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "This animation compares the largest system, GRS 1915+105, discovered in 1992, with its diminutive cousin H1705-25, discovered in 1977 when it erupted as an X-ray nova. Their black holes are thought to weigh, respectively, 15 and 7 solar masses. The accretion disk of GRS 1915 may extend more than 50 million miles (80 million kilometers), greater than the distance separating Mercury from the Sun.

Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and Scientific Visualization Studio

", "items": [ { "id": 212686, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 371683, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014100/a014149/Scale.gif", "filename": "Scale.gif", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation compares the largest system, GRS 1915+105, discovered in 1992, with its diminutive cousin H1705-25, discovered in 1977 when it erupted as an X-ray nova. Their black holes are thought to weigh, respectively, 15 and 7 solar masses. The accretion disk of GRS 1915 may extend more than 50 million miles (80 million kilometers), greater than the distance separating Mercury from the Sun. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and Scientific Visualization Studio", "width": 540, "height": 303, "pixels": 163620 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 314714, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14149/#media_group_314714", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "This animation depicts a fanciful flight past several of the visualized black hole systems, including Cygnus X-1 and GRS 1915.

Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center and Scientific Visualization Studio", "items": [ { "id": 212687, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 371684, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014100/a014149/Orrery_Banner_mkII.gif", "filename": "Orrery_Banner_mkII.gif", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation depicts a fanciful flight past several of the visualized black hole systems, including Cygnus X-1 and GRS 1915.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center and Scientific Visualization Studio", "width": 1050, "height": 323, "pixels": 339150 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 314715, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14149/#media_group_314715", "widget": "Basic text", "title": "For More Information", "caption": "", "description": "See [https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-visualization-rounds-up-the-best-known-black-hole-systems](https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-visualization-rounds-up-the-best-known-black-hole-systems)", "items": [], "extra_data": {} } ], "studio": "gms", "funding_sources": [ "NASA Astrophysics" ], "credits": [ { "role": "Producer", "people": [ { "name": "Scott Wiessinger", "employer": "KBR Wyle Services, LLC" } ] }, { "role": "Visualizer", "people": [ { "name": "AJ Christensen", "employer": "SSAI" }, { "name": "Mark SubbaRao", "employer": "NASA/GSFC" } ] }, { "role": "Science writer", "people": [ { "name": "Francis Reddy", "employer": "University of Maryland College Park" } ] }, { "role": "Scientist", "people": [ { "name": "Jeremy Schnittman", "employer": "NASA/GSFC" } ] } ], "missions": [], "series": [ "Astrophysics Features", "Astrophysics Visualizations", "Black Hole Week", "Narrated Movies" ], "tapes": [], "papers": [], "datasets": [], "nasa_science_categories": [ "Universe" ], "keywords": [ "Ast", "Astrophysics", "Binary", "Black Hole" ], "recommended_pages": [], "related": [ { "id": 11948, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11948/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "X-ray Echoes Create a Black Hole Bull's-eye", "description": "Rings of X-ray light centered on V404 Cygni, a binary system containing an erupting black hole (dot at center), were imaged by the X-ray Telescope aboard NASA's Swift satellite from June 30 to July 4. A narrow gap splits the middle ring in two. Color indicates the energy of the X-rays, with red representing the lowest (800 to 1,500 electron volts, eV), green for medium (1,500 to 2,500 eV), and the most energetic (2,500 to 5,000 eV) shown in blue. For comparison, visible light has energies ranging from about 2 to 3 eV. The dark lines running diagonally through the image are artifacts of the imaging system.Credit: Andrew Beardmore (Univ. of Leicester) and NASA/Swift || rings_1080.gif (1080x1080) [1.3 MB] || ", "release_date": "2015-07-09T13:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:49:36.511961-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 442081, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011900/a011948/pc_halo2_dpi500_print.jpg", "filename": "pc_halo2_dpi500_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Swift XRT image of V404 Cygni showing the acquired at 10:51 UT on July 2, 2015. The exposure was about 27 minutes. Additional information is the same as above. Credit: Andrew Beardmore (Univ. of Leicester) and NASA/Swift", "width": 1024, "height": 1024, "pixels": 1048576 } }, { "id": 11110, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11110/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "X-ray Nova Flaring Black Hole animation", "description": "An X-ray nova is a short-lived X-ray source that appears suddenly, reaches its emission peak in a few days and then fades out over a period of months. The outburst arises when a torrent of stored gas suddenly rushes toward one of the most compact objects known, either a neutron star or a black hole. || ", "release_date": "2012-10-05T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:52:43.076403-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 471762, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011100/a011110/BlackHole_01170.jpg", "filename": "BlackHole_01170.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Artist's interpretation of Swift J1745-26, a newly discovered black hole with a flaring accretion disk.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } ], "sources": [ { "id": 4996, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4996/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "An Orrery of Black Holes and Their Companions", "description": "Full visualization of the binary system black hole orrery with labels and legend included.Credit: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio || explainerComp_5-27-2022a_2160p60.02000_print.jpg (1024x576) [54.7 KB] || explainerComp_5-27-2022a (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || explainerComp_5-27-2022a_2160p60.mp4 (3840x2160) [35.7 MB] || explainerComp_5-27-2022a_2160p60.webm (3840x2160) [26.6 MB] || ", "release_date": "2022-05-02T10:15:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-01-06T00:24:24.153039-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 371426, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004900/a004996/galleryGlow_withOrbits_4-25-2022a_2160p60.02000_print.jpg", "filename": "galleryGlow_withOrbits_4-25-2022a_2160p60.02000_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Binary systems only, with lines tracing the binary system orbits. \r\rCredit: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 4997, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4997/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Black Holes and Their Companions Close Up", "description": "Close up view of GRS 1915.Credit: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio || closeupGlow_withOrbits_GRS1915_4k_4-25-2022a_2160p30.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [25.6 KB] || withOrbitLines_EXR (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || withOrbitLines_PNG (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || withOrbitLines_EXR (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || withOrbitLines_PNG (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || closeupGlow_withOrbits_GRS1915_4k_4-25-2022a_2160p30.webm (3840x2160) [10.3 MB] || noOrbitLines_EXR (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || noOrbitLines_PNG (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || closeupGlow_withOrbits_GRS1915_4k_5-2-2022a_2160p60.mp4 (3840x2160) [180.1 MB] || ", "release_date": "2022-05-02T10:15:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T11:44:11.616353-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 371450, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004900/a004997/Cyg_X-1.00001_print.jpg", "filename": "Cyg_X-1.00001_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Close up view of Cygnus X-1.Credit: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } ], "products": [], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }