Music credits: “Tides” and “Subsurface” by Ben Niblett [PRS] and Jon Cotton [PRS] from Universal Production Music
Complete transcript available.
Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.
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As Parker Solar Probe flew by Venus on its fourth flyby in February 2021, its WISPR instrument captured these images, strung into a video, showing the nightside surface of the planet.
Credit: NASA/APL/NRL
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As Parker Solar Probe flew by Venus on its fourth flyby in February 2021, its WISPR instrument captured these images, strung into a video, showing the nightside surface of the planet.
Credit: NASA/APL/NRL
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WISPR images from Parker Solar Probe's fourth flyby of Venus align with topographical maps from NASA's Magallen mission. The Magellan mission mapped the surface of Venus with radar in the 1990s. The images gave the first global view of what was below Venus’ thick clouds.
Credit: NASA/APL/NRL (left), Magellan Team/JPL/USGS (right)
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WISPR images from Parker Solar Probe's fourth flyby of Venus align with topographical maps from NASA's Magallen mission. The Magellan mission mapped the surface of Venus with radar in the 1990s. The images gave the first global view of what was below Venus’ thick clouds.
Credit: NASA/APL/NRL (left), Magellan Team/JPL/USGS (right)", "items": [ { "id": 214931, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 373306, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/WISPR_Magellan_4thFlyby_print.jpg", "filename": "WISPR_Magellan_4thFlyby_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "GIF WISPR images from Parker Solar Probe's fourth flyby of Venus align with topographical maps from NASA's Magallen mission. The Magellan mission mapped the surface of Venus with radar in the 1990s. The images gave the first global view of what was below Venus’ thick clouds. Credit: NASA/APL/NRL (left), Magellan Team/JPL/USGS (right)", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 214932, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 373305, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/WISPR_Magellan_4thFlyby.gif", "filename": "WISPR_Magellan_4thFlyby.gif", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "GIF WISPR images from Parker Solar Probe's fourth flyby of Venus align with topographical maps from NASA's Magallen mission. The Magellan mission mapped the surface of Venus with radar in the 1990s. The images gave the first global view of what was below Venus’ thick clouds. Credit: NASA/APL/NRL (left), Magellan Team/JPL/USGS (right)", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 315394, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14095/#media_group_315394", "widget": "Video player", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "VIDEO
This composite shows the images from Parker Solar Probe’s fourth flyby of Venus superimposed on a radar map of Venus previously taken by NASA's Magellan mission.
Credit: Magellan Team/JPL/USGS", "items": [ { "id": 214934, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 373309, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/wispr_composite_topo_project_flat_vfb4.00017_print.jpg", "filename": "wispr_composite_topo_project_flat_vfb4.00017_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "VIDEOThis composite shows the images from Parker Solar Probe’s fourth flyby of Venus superimposed on a radar map of Venus previously taken by NASA's Magellan mission. Credit: Magellan Team/JPL/USGS", "width": 1024, "height": 512, "pixels": 524288 } }, { "id": 214935, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 373310, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/wispr_composite_topo_project_flat_vfb4.00017_searchweb.png", "filename": "wispr_composite_topo_project_flat_vfb4.00017_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "VIDEOThis composite shows the images from Parker Solar Probe’s fourth flyby of Venus superimposed on a radar map of Venus previously taken by NASA's Magellan mission. Credit: Magellan Team/JPL/USGS", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } }, { "id": 214936, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 373311, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/wispr_composite_topo_project_flat_vfb4.00017_web.png", "filename": "wispr_composite_topo_project_flat_vfb4.00017_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "VIDEOThis composite shows the images from Parker Solar Probe’s fourth flyby of Venus superimposed on a radar map of Venus previously taken by NASA's Magellan mission. Credit: Magellan Team/JPL/USGS", "width": 320, "height": 160, "pixels": 51200 } }, { "id": 214937, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 373312, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/wispr_composite_topo_project_flat_vfb4.00017_thm.png", "filename": "wispr_composite_topo_project_flat_vfb4.00017_thm.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "VIDEOThis composite shows the images from Parker Solar Probe’s fourth flyby of Venus superimposed on a radar map of Venus previously taken by NASA's Magellan mission. Credit: Magellan Team/JPL/USGS", "width": 80, "height": 40, "pixels": 3200 } }, { "id": 214933, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 373308, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/wispr_composite_topo_project_flat_vfb4.mp4", "filename": "wispr_composite_topo_project_flat_vfb4.mp4", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "VIDEOThis composite shows the images from Parker Solar Probe’s fourth flyby of Venus superimposed on a radar map of Venus previously taken by NASA's Magellan mission. Credit: Magellan Team/JPL/USGS", "width": 1232, "height": 616, "pixels": 758912 } }, { "id": 214938, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 373307, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/wispr_composite_topo_project_flat_vfb4.webm", "filename": "wispr_composite_topo_project_flat_vfb4.webm", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "VIDEOThis composite shows the images from Parker Solar Probe’s fourth flyby of Venus superimposed on a radar map of Venus previously taken by NASA's Magellan mission. Credit: Magellan Team/JPL/USGS", "width": 1232, "height": 616, "pixels": 758912 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 315395, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14095/#media_group_315395", "widget": "Video player", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "VIDEO
On July 11, 2020, Parker Solar Probe flew by Venus during the mission's third gravity assist of the planet and captured these images using its cameras known as WISPR. WISPR images align with topographical maps from NASA's Magallen mission. The Magellan mission mapped the surface of Venus with radar in the 1990s. The images gave the first global view of what was below Venus’ thick clouds.
Credit: NASA/APL/NRL (black and white image), Magellan Team/JPL/USGS (color image)", "items": [ { "id": 214941, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 373315, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/WISPR_Magellan_3rdFlyby.00001_print.jpg", "filename": "WISPR_Magellan_3rdFlyby.00001_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "VIDEOOn July 11, 2020, Parker Solar Probe flew by Venus during the mission's third gravity assist of the planet and captured these images using its cameras known as WISPR. WISPR images align with topographical maps from NASA's Magallen mission. The Magellan mission mapped the surface of Venus with radar in the 1990s. The images gave the first global view of what was below Venus’ thick clouds. Credit: NASA/APL/NRL (black and white image), Magellan Team/JPL/USGS (color image)", "width": 1024, "height": 1024, "pixels": 1048576 } }, { "id": 214942, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 373316, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/WISPR_Magellan_3rdFlyby.00001_searchweb.png", "filename": "WISPR_Magellan_3rdFlyby.00001_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "VIDEOOn July 11, 2020, Parker Solar Probe flew by Venus during the mission's third gravity assist of the planet and captured these images using its cameras known as WISPR. WISPR images align with topographical maps from NASA's Magallen mission. The Magellan mission mapped the surface of Venus with radar in the 1990s. The images gave the first global view of what was below Venus’ thick clouds. Credit: NASA/APL/NRL (black and white image), Magellan Team/JPL/USGS (color image)", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } }, { "id": 214943, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 373317, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/WISPR_Magellan_3rdFlyby.00001_web.png", "filename": "WISPR_Magellan_3rdFlyby.00001_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "VIDEOOn July 11, 2020, Parker Solar Probe flew by Venus during the mission's third gravity assist of the planet and captured these images using its cameras known as WISPR. WISPR images align with topographical maps from NASA's Magallen mission. The Magellan mission mapped the surface of Venus with radar in the 1990s. The images gave the first global view of what was below Venus’ thick clouds. Credit: NASA/APL/NRL (black and white image), Magellan Team/JPL/USGS (color image)", "width": 320, "height": 320, "pixels": 102400 } }, { "id": 214944, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 373318, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/WISPR_Magellan_3rdFlyby.00001_thm.png", "filename": "WISPR_Magellan_3rdFlyby.00001_thm.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "VIDEOOn July 11, 2020, Parker Solar Probe flew by Venus during the mission's third gravity assist of the planet and captured these images using its cameras known as WISPR. WISPR images align with topographical maps from NASA's Magallen mission. The Magellan mission mapped the surface of Venus with radar in the 1990s. The images gave the first global view of what was below Venus’ thick clouds. Credit: NASA/APL/NRL (black and white image), Magellan Team/JPL/USGS (color image)", "width": 80, "height": 40, "pixels": 3200 } }, { "id": 214939, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 373313, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/WISPR_Magellan_3rdFlyby.webm", "filename": "WISPR_Magellan_3rdFlyby.webm", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "VIDEOOn July 11, 2020, Parker Solar Probe flew by Venus during the mission's third gravity assist of the planet and captured these images using its cameras known as WISPR. WISPR images align with topographical maps from NASA's Magallen mission. The Magellan mission mapped the surface of Venus with radar in the 1990s. The images gave the first global view of what was below Venus’ thick clouds. Credit: NASA/APL/NRL (black and white image), Magellan Team/JPL/USGS (color image)", "width": 1040, "height": 1040, "pixels": 1081600 } }, { "id": 214940, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 373314, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/WISPR_Magellan_3rdFlyby.mp4", "filename": "WISPR_Magellan_3rdFlyby.mp4", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "VIDEOOn July 11, 2020, Parker Solar Probe flew by Venus during the mission's third gravity assist of the planet and captured these images using its cameras known as WISPR. WISPR images align with topographical maps from NASA's Magallen mission. The Magellan mission mapped the surface of Venus with radar in the 1990s. The images gave the first global view of what was below Venus’ thick clouds. Credit: NASA/APL/NRL (black and white image), Magellan Team/JPL/USGS (color image)", "width": 1040, "height": 1040, "pixels": 1081600 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 315396, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14095/#media_group_315396", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "GIF
On July 11, 2020, Parker Solar Probe flew by Venus during the mission's third gravity assist of the planet and captured these images using its cameras known as WISPR. WISPR images align with topographical maps from NASA's Magallen mission. The Magellan mission mapped the surface of Venus with radar in the 1990s. The images gave the first global view of what was below Venus’ thick clouds.
Credit: NASA/APL/NRL (black and white image), Magellan Team/JPL/USGS (color image)", "items": [ { "id": 214945, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 373320, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/WISPR_Magellan_3rdFlyby_print.jpg", "filename": "WISPR_Magellan_3rdFlyby_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "GIFOn July 11, 2020, Parker Solar Probe flew by Venus during the mission's third gravity assist of the planet and captured these images using its cameras known as WISPR. WISPR images align with topographical maps from NASA's Magallen mission. The Magellan mission mapped the surface of Venus with radar in the 1990s. The images gave the first global view of what was below Venus’ thick clouds. Credit: NASA/APL/NRL (black and white image), Magellan Team/JPL/USGS (color image)", "width": 1024, "height": 1024, "pixels": 1048576 } }, { "id": 214946, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 373319, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/WISPR_Magellan_3rdFlyby.gif", "filename": "WISPR_Magellan_3rdFlyby.gif", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "GIFOn July 11, 2020, Parker Solar Probe flew by Venus during the mission's third gravity assist of the planet and captured these images using its cameras known as WISPR. WISPR images align with topographical maps from NASA's Magallen mission. The Magellan mission mapped the surface of Venus with radar in the 1990s. The images gave the first global view of what was below Venus’ thick clouds. Credit: NASA/APL/NRL (black and white image), Magellan Team/JPL/USGS (color image)", "width": 1042, "height": 1042, "pixels": 1085764 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 315397, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14095/#media_group_315397", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "IMAGE
When flying past Venus in July 2020, Parker Solar Probe’s WISPR instrument, short for Wide-field Imager for Parker Solar Probe, detected a bright rim around the edge of the planet that may be nightglow — light emitted by oxygen atoms high in the atmosphere that recombine into molecules in the nightside. The prominent dark feature in the center of the image is Aphrodite Terra, the largest highland region on the Venusian surface. Bright streaks in WISPR, such as the ones seen here, are typically caused by a combination of charged particles — called cosmic rays — sunlight reflected by grains of space dust, and particles of material expelled from the spacecraft’s structures after impact with those dust grains. The number of streaks varies along the orbit or when the spacecraft is traveling at different speeds, and scientists are still in discussion about the specific origins of the streaks here. The dark spot appearing on the lower portion of Venus is an artifact from the WISPR instrument.
Credit: NASA/APL/NRL", "items": [ { "id": 214947, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 373321, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/wispr_venus_image_3rd.jpeg", "filename": "wispr_venus_image_3rd.jpeg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "IMAGEWhen flying past Venus in July 2020, Parker Solar Probe’s WISPR instrument, short for Wide-field Imager for Parker Solar Probe, detected a bright rim around the edge of the planet that may be nightglow — light emitted by oxygen atoms high in the atmosphere that recombine into molecules in the nightside. The prominent dark feature in the center of the image is Aphrodite Terra, the largest highland region on the Venusian surface. Bright streaks in WISPR, such as the ones seen here, are typically caused by a combination of charged particles — called cosmic rays — sunlight reflected by grains of space dust, and particles of material expelled from the spacecraft’s structures after impact with those dust grains. The number of streaks varies along the orbit or when the spacecraft is traveling at different speeds, and scientists are still in discussion about the specific origins of the streaks here. The dark spot appearing on the lower portion of Venus is an artifact from the WISPR instrument.Credit: NASA/APL/NRL", "width": 880, "height": 1015, "pixels": 893200 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 315398, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14095/#media_group_315398", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "IMAGE
The Magellan mission mapped the surface of Venus with radar in the 1990s. The images gave the first global view of what was below Venus’ thick clouds. This radar image aligns with the surface features seen on WISPR images captured by Parker Solar Probe during its third flyby of the planet in July 2020.
Credit: Magellan Team/JPL/USGS", "items": [ { "id": 214948, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 373322, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/vfbimrev.png", "filename": "vfbimrev.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "IMAGEThe Magellan mission mapped the surface of Venus with radar in the 1990s. The images gave the first global view of what was below Venus’ thick clouds. This radar image aligns with the surface features seen on WISPR images captured by Parker Solar Probe during its third flyby of the planet in July 2020.Credit: Magellan Team/JPL/USGS", "width": 960, "height": 1024, "pixels": 983040 } }, { "id": 214949, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 373323, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/vfbimrev_print.jpg", "filename": "vfbimrev_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "IMAGEThe Magellan mission mapped the surface of Venus with radar in the 1990s. The images gave the first global view of what was below Venus’ thick clouds. This radar image aligns with the surface features seen on WISPR images captured by Parker Solar Probe during its third flyby of the planet in July 2020.Credit: Magellan Team/JPL/USGS", "width": 1024, "height": 1092, "pixels": 1118208 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 315399, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14095/#media_group_315399", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "IMAGE
The first visible light images of Venus were taken by the Soviet Union’s Venera program when spacecraft landed on the planet’s surface in the 1970s and 1980s. This image was captured by the Venera 9 and 10 spacecraft.
Credit: NASA/NSSDCA/Courtesy of the USSR
", "items": [ { "id": 214950, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 373324, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/venera9-10.jpeg", "filename": "venera9-10.jpeg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "IMAGEThe first visible light images of Venus were taken by the Soviet Union’s Venera program when spacecraft landed on the planet’s surface in the 1970s and 1980s. This image was captured by the Venera 9 and 10 spacecraft.Credit: NASA/NSSDCA/Courtesy of the USSR", "width": 980, "height": 486, "pixels": 476280 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 315400, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14095/#media_group_315400", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "IMAGE
The first visible light images of Venus were taken by the Soviet Union’s Venera program when spacecraft landed on the planet’s surface in the 1970s and 1980s. This image was captured by the Venera 13 spacecraft.
Credit: NASA/NSSDCA/Courtesy of the USSR", "items": [ { "id": 214951, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 373325, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/venera13.jpeg", "filename": "venera13.jpeg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "IMAGEThe first visible light images of Venus were taken by the Soviet Union’s Venera program when spacecraft landed on the planet’s surface in the 1970s and 1980s. This image was captured by the Venera 13 spacecraft.Credit: NASA/NSSDCA/Courtesy of the USSR", "width": 969, "height": 438, "pixels": 424422 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 315401, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14095/#media_group_315401", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "IMAGE
The first visible light images of Venus were taken by the Soviet Union’s Venera program when spacecraft landed on the planet’s surface in the 1970s and 1980s. This image was captured by the left camera on the Venera 13 spacecraft.
Credit: NASA/NSSDCA/Courtesy of the USSR", "items": [ { "id": 214952, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 373326, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/venera13-left.jpeg", "filename": "venera13-left.jpeg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "IMAGEThe first visible light images of Venus were taken by the Soviet Union’s Venera program when spacecraft landed on the planet’s surface in the 1970s and 1980s. This image was captured by the left camera on the Venera 13 spacecraft.Credit: NASA/NSSDCA/Courtesy of the USSR", "width": 928, "height": 385, "pixels": 357280 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 315402, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14095/#media_group_315402", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "IMAGE
The first visible light images of Venus were taken by the Soviet Union’s Venera program when spacecraft landed on the planet’s surface in the 1970s and 1980s. This image was captured by the right camera on the Venera 13 spacecraft.
Credit: NASA/NSSDCA/Courtesy of the USSR", "items": [ { "id": 214953, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 373327, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/venera13-right.jpeg", "filename": "venera13-right.jpeg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "IMAGEThe first visible light images of Venus were taken by the Soviet Union’s Venera program when spacecraft landed on the planet’s surface in the 1970s and 1980s. This image was captured by the right camera on the Venera 13 spacecraft.Credit: NASA/NSSDCA/Courtesy of the USSR", "width": 918, "height": 385, "pixels": 353430 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 315403, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14095/#media_group_315403", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "IMAGE
The first visible light images of Venus were taken by the Soviet Union’s Venera program when spacecraft landed on the planet’s surface in the 1970s and 1980s. This image was captured by the Venera 14 spacecraft.
Credit: NASA/NSSDCA/Courtesy of the USSR", "items": [ { "id": 214954, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 373328, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/venera14.jpeg", "filename": "venera14.jpeg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "IMAGEThe first visible light images of Venus were taken by the Soviet Union’s Venera program when spacecraft landed on the planet’s surface in the 1970s and 1980s. This image was captured by the Venera 14 spacecraft.Credit: NASA/NSSDCA/Courtesy of the USSR", "width": 983, "height": 492, "pixels": 483636 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 315404, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14095/#media_group_315404", "widget": "Basic text", "title": "For More Information", "caption": "", "description": "See the following sources:\n\n* [Research Paper](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021GL096302)\n* [NASA.gov feature](https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/sun/parker-solar-probe-captures-its-first-images-of-venus-surface-in-visible-light-confirmed/)", "items": [], "extra_data": {} } ], "studio": "gms", "funding_sources": [ "PAO" ], "credits": [ { "role": "Scientist", "people": [ { "name": "Giada Arney", "employer": "NASA/GSFC" }, { "name": "Brendan Gallagher", "employer": "NRL" }, { "name": "Angelos Vourlidas", "employer": "Johns Hopkins University/APL" }, { "name": "Brian E. Wood", "employer": "U.S. Naval Research Laboratory" }, { "name": "Phillip Hess", "employer": "U.S. Naval Research Laboratory" } ] }, { "role": "Producer", "people": [ { "name": "Joy Ng", "employer": "KBR Wyle Services, LLC" } ] }, { "role": "Writer", "people": [ { "name": "Mara Johnson-Groh", "employer": "Wyle Information Systems" } ] }, { "role": "Animator", "people": [ { "name": "Steve Gribben", "employer": "Johns Hopkins University/APL" } ] }, { "role": "Technical support", "people": [ { "name": "Aaron E. Lepsch", "employer": "ADNET Systems, Inc." } ] } ], "missions": [ "Parker Solar Probe" ], "series": [ "Narrated Movies" ], "tapes": [], "papers": [], "datasets": [], "nasa_science_categories": [ "Sun" ], "keywords": [ "Flyby", "Magellan", "Parker Solar Probe", "Venus", "WISPR" ], "recommended_pages": [], "related": [ { "id": 13972, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13972/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Ten Mysteries of Venus", "description": "Ten mysteries of our sister planet, Venus.Music is \"Spring into Life\" by Oliver Worth of Univeral Production Music.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || 13972_mysteriesvenusthumb.jpg (1920x1080) [385.7 KB] || 13972_venusmysteries.01764_searchweb.png (320x180) [65.7 KB] || 13972_venusmysteries.01764_thm.png (80x40) [4.6 KB] || 13972_venusmysteries.mp4 (1920x1080) [299.0 MB] || 13972_venusmysteries_twitter_720.mp4 (1280x720) [53.1 MB] || 13972_venusmysteries_facebook_720.mp4 (1280x720) [317.0 MB] || 13972_venusmysteries_twitter_720.webm (1280x720) [32.1 MB] || 13972_venusmysteries_caption.en_US.srt [6.3 KB] || 13972_venusmysteries_caption.en_US.vtt [5.9 KB] || ", "release_date": "2021-10-20T13:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:43:49.634364-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 376014, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013900/a013972/13972_mysteriesvenusthumb.jpg", "filename": "13972_mysteriesvenusthumb.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Ten mysteries of our sister planet, Venus.Music is \"Spring into Life\" by Oliver Worth of Univeral Production Music.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 13640, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13640/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Venus in a Minute", "description": "“Venus in a Minute” – a vision for exploration of our mysterious sister planet in response to National Academy of Sciences Decadal priorities that will provide a new window on the evolution of planets in our solar system and beyond. Music Credit: \"Save us All\" by Alec Michael Harrison via Universal Production Music || venus_thumb.jpg (3840x2160) [197.9 KB] || 13640_VIAM_MASTER.01625_searchweb.png (320x180) [26.7 KB] || 13640_VIAM_MASTER.01625_thm.png (80x40) [2.9 KB] || VIAM_MASTER_13640_facebook_720.mp4 (1280x720) [88.2 MB] || VIAM_MASTER_13640_twitter_720.mp4 (1280x720) [15.2 MB] || VIAM_MASTER_13640.webm (960x540) [33.1 MB] || VIAM_MASTER_13640.mp4 (3840x2160) [87.9 MB] || VIAM_caption.en_US.srt [1.5 KB] || VIAM_caption.en_US.vtt [1.5 KB] || ", "release_date": "2020-07-21T10:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:44:49.803358-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 384557, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013600/a013640/13640_VIAM_MASTER.01625_searchweb.png", "filename": "13640_VIAM_MASTER.01625_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "“Venus in a Minute” – a vision for exploration of our mysterious sister planet in response to National Academy of Sciences Decadal priorities that will provide a new window on the evolution of planets in our solar system and beyond. Music Credit: \"Save us All\" by Alec Michael Harrison via Universal Production Music", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } }, { "id": 4653, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4653/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter Trajectories", "description": "This visualization opens near Earth for the launch of Parker Solar Probe August 12, 2018. Then the camera moves around the Sun to match of with Earth again for the launch of Solar Orbiter in 2020. After that, the camera moves in a slow drift around the Sun as the orbits evolve. The Parker Solar Probe orbit fades out after the nominal end of mission in 2025. This version has longer orbit trails to better view orbit changes, and the red along the orbits indicate the nominal science operations portions of the missions. || ParkerAndSolarOrbiter.InnerTourDeluxe.HAE.AU.clockSlate_EarthTarget.HD1080i.02000_print.jpg (1024x576) [100.7 KB] || DeluxeTour (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || ParkerAndSolarOrbiter.InnerTourDeluxe.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [17.6 MB] || ParkerAndSolarOrbiter.InnerTourDeluxe.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [179.8 MB] || DeluxeTour (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || ParkerAndSolarOrbiter.InnerTourDeluxe_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [489.0 MB] || ParkerAndSolarOrbiter.InnerTourDeluxe.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [270 bytes] || ParkerAndSolarOrbiter.InnerTourDeluxe_2160p30.mp4.hwshow [211 bytes] || ", "release_date": "2018-06-05T10:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-02-02T00:10:57.872053-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 403375, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004600/a004653/ParkerAndSolarOrbiter.side.HAE.AU.clockSlate_EarthTarget.HD1080i.02000_print.jpg", "filename": "ParkerAndSolarOrbiter.side.HAE.AU.clockSlate_EarthTarget.HD1080i.02000_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This visualization has a fixed camera oblique view of the inner solar system to observe the orbits of Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter. The Parker Solar Probe orbit fades out after the nominal end of mission in 2025.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 12208, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12208/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "The Electric Wind of Venus", "description": "Venus has an \"electric wind\" strong enough to remove the components of water from its upper atmosphere. This action may have played a significant role in stripping Earth's twin planet of its oceans, according to new research results from the European Space Agency's Venus Express mission led by NASA-funded researchers. Lead author of the research paper, Glyn Collinson, explains that \"electric wind\" can strip Earth-like planets of oceans and atmospheres. || ", "release_date": "2016-06-20T09:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:48:32.266801-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 423554, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012200/a012208/VenusElectricWinds_FactoidBG1_Final_print.jpg", "filename": "VenusElectricWinds_FactoidBG1_Final_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Graphic comparing surface temperature and gravit on Venus and Earth. Credit: NASA/GSFC/CIL/GESTAR/Brian Monroe", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 11440, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11440/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Ionospheric Holes on Venus", "description": "The European Space Agency's Venus Express mission saw something it could not explain. It appeared that there were holes on the nightside of Venus' ionosphere. Researchers at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center investigated these mysterious holes, and found evidence that the sun's magnetic field lines may be penetrating through the planet. || ", "release_date": "2014-09-11T09:30:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:34.867313-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 457659, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011400/a011440/720venus.jpg", "filename": "720venus.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } }, { "id": 11003, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11003/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Excerpt from \"Dynamic Earth\"", "description": "A giant explosion of magnetic energy from the sun, called a coronal mass ejection, slams into and is deflected completely by the Earth's powerful magnetic field. The sun also continually sends out streams of light and radiation energy. Earth's atmosphere acts like a radiation shield, blocking quite a bit of this energy.Much of the radiation energy that makes it through is reflected back into space by clouds, ice and snow and the energy that remains helps to drive the Earth system, powering a remarkable planetary engine — the climate. It becomes the energy that feeds swirling wind and ocean currents as cold air and surface waters move toward the equator and warm air and water moves toward the poles — all in an attempt to equalize temperatures around the world.A jury appointed by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and Science magazine has selected \"Excerpt from Dynamic Earth\" as the winner of the 2013 NSF International Science and Engineering Visualization Challenge for the Video category. This animation will be highlighted in the February 2014 special section of Science and will be hosted on ScienceMag.org and NSF.govThis animation was selected for the Computer Animation Festival's Electronic Theater at the Association for Computer Machinery's Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH), a prestigious computer graphics and technical research forum. This is an excerpt from the fulldome, high-resolution show 'Dynamic Earth: Exploring Earth's Climate Engine.' The Dynamic Earth dome show was selected as a finalist in the Jackson Hole Wildlife Film Festival Science Media Awards under the category \"Best Immersive Cinema - Fulldome\". || ", "release_date": "2012-06-19T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2019-09-26T08:18:23-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 475216, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011000/a011003/DynamicEarth-Still1_02371.jpg", "filename": "DynamicEarth-Still1_02371.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "A coronal mass ejection erupts from the Sun.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 10197, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10197/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Return to Venus", "description": "From Galileo and the heliocentric model of the solar system to James Hansen's research on the greenhouse effect, observations of the planet Venus throughout history have given us the perspective we need to understand our own place in the universe. Yet with nearly two decades since the last U.S. mission there, our sister planet has received little attention in recent years. 'Return to Venus' provides a look back at the history of Venus exploration, how human perceptions of the planet have changed through time, and inspires us to think about what secrets we have yet to reveal from our inhospitable and enigmatic neighbor. || ", "release_date": "2008-04-09T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:55:27.447707-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 505967, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010100/a010197/Return2Venus64000477_print.jpg", "filename": "Return2Venus64000477_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Dug out of the NASA archives is this history of Venus exploration, a history that ended over a decade ago and leaves many questions still today.", "width": 1024, "height": 768, "pixels": 786432 } } ], "sources": [ { "id": 20308, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20308/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "Evolution of Venus Animations", "description": "Early Venus Landscape animation || VenusEvoSequence01_00009_print.jpg (1024x438) [92.2 KB] || VenusEvoSequence01_00009_searchweb.png (320x180) [89.5 KB] || VenusEvoSequence01_00009_thm.png (80x40) [6.6 KB] || Venus_EVO_seq1_1080_h264.mov (1920x1080) [65.9 MB] || Venus_EVO_seq1_ProRes.mov (5045x2160) [6.3 GB] || Venus_EVO_seq1_UHD_ProRes.mov (3840x2160) [4.5 GB] || VenusEvoSequence01 (5045x2160) [256.0 KB] || VenusEvoSequence01_1080p60.mp4 (2522x1080) [39.3 MB] || VenusEvoSequence01_1080p60.webm (2522x1080) [6.3 MB] || ", "release_date": "2020-02-04T15:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:45:13.470272-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 387509, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020300/a020308/VenusEvoSequence01_00009_print.jpg", "filename": "VenusEvoSequence01_00009_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Early Venus Landscape animation", "width": 1024, "height": 438, "pixels": 448512 } }, { "id": 12880, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12880/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Cosmic Designs and The Planets", "description": "Greetings and welcome to “Cosmic Designs” a performance by the National Philharmonic presented in partnership with NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.“Cosmic Designs” is a voyage that blends together science and art. The pursuit of knowledge and the creative drive for artistic expression are inherent to the human condition. The melding of NASA imagery and symphonic music we present here showcases the imagination that underpins both and highlights how inspiring the combination can be. || CD_Intro_Image_print.jpg (1024x567) [135.2 KB] || CD_Intro_Image.png (2918x1618) [5.8 MB] || CD_Intro_Image_searchweb.png (320x180) [103.7 KB] || CD_Intro_Image_web.png (320x177) [101.8 KB] || CD_Intro_Image_thm.png (80x40) [7.6 KB] || 1.CosmicDesigns_Title_1080.mov (1920x1080) [1.0 GB] || 1.CosmicDesigns_Title_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [35.9 MB] || 1.CosmicDesigns_Title_1080.webm (1920x1080) [3.3 MB] || 1.CosmicDesigns_Title_4K.mov (3840x2160) [4.3 GB] || 1.CosmicDesigns_Title_4K.mp4 (3840x2160) [55.1 MB] || ", "release_date": "2018-03-05T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:46:57.931025-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 406105, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012800/a012880/Mars_Image_print.jpg", "filename": "Mars_Image_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "From the oceans of Earth, to the ocean of the stars, we come to the centerpiece of tonight’s performance.Most of Earth’s planetary neighbors have been known for thousands of years, but for much of that time, they were not much more than wandering points of light that moved predictably through the sky.When Holst composed his “Planets” suite a century ago, the best telescopes of the time were only just beginning to reveal the true nature of the planets. Holst drew his inspiration from Roman myth, not fledgling scientific observation.In some cases, the mythology shares some common ground with what we know today about the planets.Holst titled his movement on Mars “The Bringer of War.” The driving power of this opening piece evokes the Red Planet’s towering dormant volcanoes and battered cratering. The solar system’s biggest canyon is like a battle scar across Mars’ torso. Mars can be a downright hostile place!It’s also a far more active world than you might think.NASA’s orbiters, landers and rovers see small tornados wisp across the surface. We see new craters from new impacts. We see water vaporizing into a thin Martian atmosphere that the solar wind rips away.The more we’ve learned about Mars today, the more we’ve learned about Mars of the past.We don’t think Mars ever hosted vast civilizations, but Mars was once a wet world, one that may have looked a lot more like Earth. Was there ever life there? Is there life there now?As you listen to this driving and exciting piece, imagine how amazing the answers to those questions could be.", "width": 1024, "height": 536, "pixels": 548864 } }, { "id": 12729, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12729/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Parker Solar Probe Animations", "description": "Animated Sequence Of Parker Solar ProbeCredit: NASA/JHUAPL || ParkerSolarProbe-AnimatedSequence.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [41.9 KB] || ParkerSolarProbe-AnimatedSequence.00001_searchweb.png (180x320) [37.2 KB] || ParkerSolarProbe-AnimatedSequence.00001_web.png (320x180) [37.2 KB] || ParkerSolarProbe-AnimatedSequence.00001_thm.png (80x40) [3.2 KB] || ParkerAnimatedSeq.mov (1920x1080) [2.9 GB] || ParkerAnimatedSeq.mp4 (1920x1080) [343.1 MB] || ParkerAnimatedSeq.webm (1920x1080) [21.1 MB] || ", "release_date": "2017-09-22T19:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:47:20.601190-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 410823, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012700/a012729/ParkerSolarProbe-AnimatedSequence.00001_print.jpg", "filename": "ParkerSolarProbe-AnimatedSequence.00001_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Animated Sequence Of Parker Solar ProbeCredit: NASA/JHUAPL", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 30358, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30358/", "page_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "title": "Hemispheric View of Venus", "description": "The hemispheric view of Venus, as revealed by more than a decade of radar investigations culminating in the 1990-1994 Magellan mission, is centered at 180 degrees east longitude. The Magellan spacecraft imaged more than 98 percent of Venus at a resolution of about 100 meters; the effective resolution of this image is about 3 km. A mosaic of the Magellan images (most with illumination from the west) forms the image base. Gaps in the Magellan coverage were filled with images from the Earth-based Arecibo radar in a region centered roughly on 0 degree latitude and longitude, and with a neutral tone elsewhere (primarily near the south pole). The composite image was processed to improve contrast and to emphasize small features, and was color-coded to represent elevation. Gaps in the elevation data from the Magellan radar altimeter were filled with altimetry from the Venera spacecraft and the U.S. Pioneer Venus missions. An orthographic projection was used, simulating a distant view of one hemisphere of the planet. || ", "release_date": "2013-10-22T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-10-10T00:20:21.281653-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 429528, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a030000/a030300/a030358/venus-magellan_print.jpg", "filename": "venus-magellan_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "A hemispheric view of Venus", "width": 1024, "height": 1024, "pixels": 1048576 } } ], "products": [ { "id": 14123, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14123/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "What Mercury’s Unusual Orbit Reveals About the Sun", "description": "Mercury is special. As the closest planet to the Sun, it occupies a region where the Sun’s influence is changing dramatically. The Sun’s magnetic field, which dominates space close to the Sun, is rapidly waning. And Mercury’s orbit – more elliptical or “oval-shaped” than any other planet – allows it to experience a wider range of solar magnetic field conditions than any other planet. As a result, Mercury provides a unique opportunity to study how the Sun’s influence on a planet varies with distance.In a new study published in Nature Communications, Goddard scientists Norberto Romanelli and Gina DiBraccio used data from NASA’s MESSENGER spacecraft to study the Sun’s changing interaction with Mercury. As Mercury moves through the solar wind, the steady stream of particles escaping the Sun, some of them strike Mercury’s magnetosphere and bounce back towards the Sun. These rebounding solar wind particles generate low-frequency waves that reverberate through space, traveling “upstream” in the solar wind towards the Sun. Romanelli and DiBraccio observed these waves emanating from Mercury and discovered that the rate of wave production varied throughout Mercury’s orbit. As Mercury moved farther from the Sun it generated more waves; as it got closer, the rate of wave production dropped. The results provide key evidence for a theory that these waves are affected, in part, by the strength of the Sun’s magnetic field, which grows weaker with distance. || ", "release_date": "2022-03-24T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T11:44:16.023203-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 372270, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014100/a014123/MESSENGER_ULF_waves_YouTube.00030_print.jpg", "filename": "MESSENGER_ULF_waves_YouTube.00030_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Music Credits: “Swirling Blizzard” by Laurent Dury [SACEM], “Sparkle Shimmer” by William Henries [PRS] and Michael Holborn [PRS] from Universal Production Music\rAdditional footage from:\r\rScience@NASA: \rhttps://science.nasa.gov/science-news/news-articles/on-the-cusp-of-understanding\r\rJPL:\rhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMZ5WFRbSTc\r\rJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab: \rhttps://messenger.jhuapl.edu/\r", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } ], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }