Credits: NASA/Goddard/CI Lab/Adriana Manrique Gutierrez/Krystofer Kim",
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"description": "Scientists using an instrument aboard NASA’s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN, or MAVEN, spacecraft have discovered that water vapor near the surface of the Red Planet is lofted higher into the atmosphere than anyone expected was possible. There, it is easily destroyed by electrically charged gas particles, or ions, and lost to space.\r
\r
The warm summer temperatures and strong winds associated with dust storms help water vapor reach the uppermost parts of the atmosphere, where it can easily be broken into its constituent oxygen and hydrogen, which then escape to space. Previously, scientists thought that water vapor was trapped close to the Martian surface like it is on Earth.\r
\r
The researchers measured 20 times more water than usual over two days in June 2018, when a severe global dust storm enveloped Mars. They estimated Mars lost as much water in 45 days during this storm as it typically does throughout an entire Martian year, which lasts two Earth years. Learn more about this discovery.",
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"description": "This graph shows how the amount of water in the atmosphere of Mars varies depending on the season. During global and regional dust storms, which happen during southern spring and summer, the amount of water spikes.
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Note this is stylized: the spacecraft arrive at Mars 48 hours apart.Credits: James Rattray/Rocket Lab USA", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 20282, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20282/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "Terraforming the Martian Atmosphere", "description": "One of the challenges of terraforming Mars is to increase its atmospheric pressure, which is currently less than 1% that of Earth. The Martian polar caps, minerals, and soil could all provide sources of carbon dioxide and water to thicken the atmosphere. 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