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Complete transcript available.

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Greenland and Antarctica are home to most of the world's glacial ice – including its only two ice sheets – making them areas of particular interest to scientists. Combined, the two regions also contain enough ice, that if it were to melt all at once, would raise sea levels by nearly 215 feet (65 meters) – making the study and understanding of them not just interesting, but crucial to our near-term adaptability and our long term survival in a changing world.

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Complete transcript available.

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When warm summer air melts the surface of a glacier, the meltwater bores holes down through the ice. It makes its way all the way down to the bottom of the glacier where it runs between the ice and the glacier bed, and eventually shoots out in a plume at the glacier base and into the surrounding ocean.

The meltwater plume is lighter than the surrounding ocean water because it doesn't contain salt. So it rises toward the surface, mixing the warm ocean water upward in the process. The warm water then rubs up against the bottom of the glacier, causing even more of the glacier to melt. This often leads to calving – ice cracking and breaking off into large ice chunks (icebergs) – at the front end, or terminus of the glacier.", "items": [], "extra_data": {} } ], "studio": "gms", "funding_sources": [ "ESE" ], "credits": [ { "role": "Producer", "people": [ { "name": "LK Ward", "employer": "USRA" }, { "name": "Esprit Smith", "employer": "KBR Wyle Services, LLC" } ] }, { "role": "Writer", "people": [ { "name": "Esprit Smith", "employer": "KBR Wyle Services, LLC" } ] }, { "role": "Animator", "people": [ { "name": "Bailee DesRocher", "employer": "USRA" }, { "name": "Richard Barkus", "employer": "JPL" } ] }, { "role": "Visualizer", "people": [ { "name": "Cindy Starr", "employer": "Global Science and Technology, Inc." } ] }, { "role": "Scientist", "people": [ { "name": "Josh Willis", "employer": "JPL" } ] } ], "missions": [], "series": [ "Narrated Movies" ], "tapes": [], "papers": [], "datasets": [], "nasa_science_categories": [ "Earth" ], "keywords": [ "Antarctica", "Cryosphere", "Earth Science", "Glaciers", "Glaciers/Ice Sheets", "Greenland", "HDTV", "Ice Sheets", "Location", "Melting" ], "recommended_pages": [], "related": [ { "id": 13747, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13747/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Rising Waters: A Warmer World", "description": "Earth’s global sea levels are rising – and are doing so at an accelerating rate. Waters in the ocean are expanding as they absorb massive amounts of heat trapped by greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere. Glaciers and ice sheets are adding hundreds of gigatons of meltwater into the oceans each year. With satellites, airborne missions, shipboard measurements, and supercomputers, NASA has been investigating sea level rise for decades. Together with our international and interagency partners, we’re monitoring the causes of sea level rise with high accuracy and precision. Global sea level is rising approximately 0.13 inches (3.3 millimeters) a year. That’s 30% more than when NASA launched its first satellite mission to measure ocean heights in 1992.nasa.gov/sea-level-rise-2020 || ", "release_date": "2020-11-05T11:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:44:30.689350-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 381683, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013700/a013747/Thumbnail0.jpg", "filename": "Thumbnail0.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Music: Rain over the Sea by Bruno Vouillon [SACEM]Complete transcript available.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 13762, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13762/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Rising Waters on the West Coast", "description": "In the northeastern Pacific off the U.S. West Coast, sea level rise was 4 to 5 millimeters a year lower than the global average during the 1990s and 2000s. Then around 2010, sea level began steadily increasing along the West Coast. The largest increase, in 2014-16, coincided with a large El Niño event in 2015-16. While the rate has stabilized since then, it remains higher than the global average.Changing conditions in the Pacific have stirred up Earth’s largest ocean and redistributed its heat, piling up warm waters along U.S. Western shores and raising sea level in the process.nasa.gov/sea-level-rise-2020 || ", "release_date": "2020-11-05T11:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:44:30.980891-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 381472, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013700/a013762/Rising_Waters_West_Coast_Poster_1.jpg", "filename": "Rising_Waters_West_Coast_Poster_1.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Music: Solitude by Kate Elizabeth LloydComplete transcript available.", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } }, { "id": 13763, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13763/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Rising Waters: Sea Level and NASA Infrastructure", "description": "A look at how NASA is dealing with the threat of sea level rise to its coastal infrastructure, particularly at Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, and Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California.nasa.gov/sea-level-rise-2020 || ", "release_date": "2020-11-05T11:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:44:31.103561-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 381478, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013700/a013763/SLR_NASA_Infrastructure_Thumbnail.png", "filename": "SLR_NASA_Infrastructure_Thumbnail.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "1998 flood footage provided courtesy of Santa Clara Valley Water DistrictComplete transcript available.", "width": 1607, "height": 908, "pixels": 1459156 } }, { "id": 13739, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13739/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Rising Waters: Our Dynamic Earth", "description": "Universal Production Music: \"Patisserie Pressure\" by Benjamin James Parsons [PRS]Complete transcript available.This video can be freely shared and downloaded. While the video in its entirety can be shared without permission, some individual imagery provided by pond5.com and Artbeats is obtained through permission and may not be excised or remixed in other products. Specific details on stock footage may be found here. For more information on NASA’s media guidelines, visit https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/guidelines/index.htmlNotes on Footage: Provided by Artbeats: 00:00-00:03; 00:08-00:15; 01:02-01:09; 01:48-01:52; 01:58-02:02Stock: 1:29 – 1:33 provided by Razvan25/Pond5 || Card_Title.jpg (1920x1080) [1003.9 KB] || Card_Title_print.jpg (1024x576) [348.9 KB] || Card_Title_searchweb.png (320x180) [102.1 KB] || Card_Title_web.png (320x180) [102.1 KB] || Card_Title_thm.png (80x40) [7.2 KB] || 13739_SLR_Subsidence.mov (1920x1080) [1.8 GB] || 13739_SLR_Subsidence.mp4 (1920x1080) [245.2 MB] || 13739_SLR_Subsidence_lowres.mp4 (1280x720) [42.2 MB] || 13739_SLR_Subsidence_lowres.webm (1280x720) [17.1 MB] || SLR_captions.en_US.srt [2.6 KB] || SLR_captions.en_US.vtt [2.6 KB] || ", "release_date": "2020-11-05T10:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:44:31.460551-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 381869, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013700/a013739/Card_Title.jpg", "filename": "Card_Title.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Universal Production Music: \"Patisserie Pressure\" by Benjamin James Parsons [PRS]Complete transcript available.This video can be freely shared and downloaded. 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